Upload
leandro-de-castro
View
400
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Talk presented at the Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS 2012), Curitiba, PR, Brazil, October 2012.
Citation preview
1
The Grand Challenges in Natural Computing Research
Leandro Nunes de [email protected]
@lndecastro
Computing and Informatics Faculty &Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering
Natural Computing Laboratory (LCoN)www.mackenzie.br/lcon.html
BRACIS 2012: Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, Curitiba, Brazil, October, 2012
2
Natural ComputingAn Overview*
* de Castro, L. N. (2007), “Fundamentals of Natural Computing: An Overview”, Physics of Life Reviews, 4(1), pp. 1-36.
3
• 1940s: Study of automatic computing;• 1950s: Study of information processing;• 1960s: Study of phenomena surrounding
computers;• 1970s: Study of what can be automated;• 1980s: Study of computation;• 2000s: Study of information processes, both
natural and artificial.
Computing: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow*
* Denning, P. (2008), “Computing Field: Structure”, In B. Wah (Ed.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering, Wiley Interscience.
4
From the early days of computer science, by the 1940s, researchers
have been interested in tracing parallels and designing computational
models and abstractions of natural phenomena.
casos outros0
if][η.)]([τ
][η.)]([τ
)(ki
Jl ilil
ijijkij
Jjt
t
tpki
casos outros0
)(),( if)(/)(τ
tTjitLQt
kkkij
ij(t) (1)ij(t) + ij(t)
Routing
8
Separation Alignment Cohesion
Behavioral Synthesis
Extensão de Polimerase Ligação
L A U E R
Ā Ō Ē R Mix Anneal
U L A E R
Ā Ē Ō
R
Ā Ē Ō
R
U L A E R
L Ā Ē
Ō R
U L A E R
L
L Desnaturação
Mix com L Anneal
L A O E R
L Ā Ō Ē R
Extensão de Polimerase Destruição da molécula original
Universal Computer
Theoretical Works
Empirical Works
Natural Computing
Mathematical Models
Bioinspiration
Computational Synthesis of Natural
Phenomena
Computing with Natural Materials
Natural Computing: The Old View
Natural Computing: The New Perspective
Natural Computing
Computer Modeling of
Nature
Nature-Inspired Computing
Computer Synthesis of
Natural Phenomena
Computing with New Materials
Natural computing is a
science concerned with
the investigation and design of information
processing in natural and
computational systems.
13
Natural Computing
The Grand Challenges*
* de Castro, L. N.; Xavier, R. S.; Pasti, R.; Maia, R. D.; Szabo, A.; Ferrari, D. G. (2012), "The Grand Challenges in Natural Computing Research: The Quest for a New Science", Int. J. Nat. Comp. Res., 2(4), p. 16.
14
The GCs aim at defining research questions that tend to be important in the long term, identifying and characterizing potential grand research problems. These may allow the formulation of projects capable of producing major scientific advancements, with practical applications for society and technology. Emphasis is in advancing science, a vision beyond specific projects, a clear and objective success evaluation and a great ambition.*
The Grand Challenges (GCs)
* www.sbc.org.br
15
Natural Computing
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Computer Science
Natural Computing
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Computer Science
Multidisciplinarity
Interdisciplinarity
16
Transd
isciplin
arity
Natural Computing
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Computer Science
GC 1: Transforming Natural Computing into a transdisciplinary discipline
How to transpose Natural Computing into a
transdisciplinary context?
17
“Computer science differs from physics in that it is not actually a science. It does not study natural
objects. Neither is it mathematics. It’s like engineering – about getting to do something, rather than dealing with
abstractions”.*“Biology is today an information
science”*** Feynman, R. P. (1996), “The Feynman Lectures on Computation”, In A. J. G. Hey and R. W. Allen (Ed.), (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley).** Denning, P. J., (2001) (Ed.), The Invisible Future: The Seamless Integration of Technology in Everyday Life, McGraw-Hill.
18
What is the Natural Computing role in this Informational Natural Sciences Era?
Overcoming this challenge will bring two important benefits to Computing and Nature:• A Rethinking (and probably Redesign) of Computing• A New Form of Interacting With and Using Nature
GC 2: Unveiling and harnessing information processing in natural systems
19
Natural systems are open systems that communicate with the environment presenting a complex and emergent
behavior. Complex biological systems must be modeled as self-referential, self-
organizing, and auto-generative systems whose computational behavior goes far
beyond the TM/VN paradigm. The system restructures itself in a hardware-software non-dissociable interaction: the hardware
defines the software, and the software defines the hardware.
20
Are there standards to design natural computing systems?* To what degree defining
standards for the engineering of Natural Computing systems is a limiting factor for the
creative development of the field?
GC 3: Engineering Natural Computing Systems.
* Brueckner, S. A.; Serugendo, G. D. M.; Karageorgos, A.; Nagpal, R., (2005), Engineering Self-Organizing Systems, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 3464, Springer.* de Castro, L. N. (2001), Immune Engineering: Development and Application of Computational Tools Inspired by Artificial Immune Systems, Ph. D. Thesis presented at the Computer and Electrical Engineering School, Unicamp, Brazil. * Fernandez-Marquez, J. L.; Serugendo, G. D. M.; Montagna, S.; Viroli M.; Arcos J. L (2012), “Description and Composition of Bio-Inspired Design Patterns: A Complete Overview”, Natural Computing, Online, DOI 10.1007/s11047-012-9324-y.* Nagpal, R.; Mamei, M. (2004), “Engineering Amorphous Computing Systems”, Multiagent Systems, Artificial Societies, and Simulated Organizations, 11, Part V, pp. 303-320.
21
• The field needs to advance in a more consistent and formal way.
• Transforming Natural Computing into a Transdisciplinary Discipline.
• Unveiling and Harnessing Information Processing in Natural Systems.
• Engineering Natural Computing Systems.
The Grand Challenges in Natural Computing Research
22
Discussion
Natural Computing: The Past, Present and Future
23
• Focus on:– Designing novel nature-inspired algorithms.– Synthesizing natural phenomena.– Using natural materials for computing.
• Real-world applications are unquestionable, but the field seems to be stuck on the same types of algorithms.
• Researchers are taking efforts to look at and formalize information processing in natural and computational systems.*
The Past and Present
* Zenil, H. (2012) (Ed.), A Computable Universe: Understanding Computation & Exploring Nature as Computation, World Scientific.
24
• Grand Challenges for the field:– Transforming Natural Computing into a
Transdisciplinary Discipline.– Unveiling and Harnessing Information Processing
in Natural Systems.– Engineering Natural Computing Systems.
And the Future?
25
Thank You!Questions? Comments?
Leandro Nunes de [email protected]
http://slideshare.net/lndecastro @lndecastro
www.mackenzie.br/lcon.html www.computacaonatural.com.br