2013 JC2 H2 History SOW Term 3 (Finalised) (1)

CATHOLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE, JC2 H2 HISTORY

SCHEME OF WORK: TERM 3 2013

Dear 2013 CJC History Students,

In Term 3, we will function in a different way from the usual practice. Please read this entire document IN DETAIL in order to best capture how to use this document and the differing expectations in Term 3 2013.

For some, this might mean printing this document and highlighting the salient points. For others, it may mean reading this document three times through. Do that which works best for you.

Where there are queries, you may drop either History tutors an email at [email protected] or [email protected].

Thank you!

Ms Ana & Ms Teo CJC J2 History Team 2013

1

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



This document is divided into 3 sections: a) Lesson Expectations: To outline the standard of preparation required for every lesson. Students should abide by them for maximal benefit. b) Schedule: To highlight the topics week by week for each lesson across Term 3.c) Questions: To be attempted for the lessons across Term 3. It is highly recommended that you spend concentrated time working through this document in sequence.

A.LESSON EXPECTATIONS Lecture Expectations + Tutorial Expectations + Consultation Expectations

Q (1) It was the end of the bipolar world that led to the rise of religious fundamentalism”. Discuss.

Q (2) How great was the impact of the rise of religious fundamentalism in the Middle East on regional security from 1970 to 2000?

Topic (Focus): Reasons for the rise of Religious Fundamentalism

Timeframe: 1945 - 2000

Type of Qn: Causes & X-variable

Topic (Focus):Timeframe: Type of Qn:

Assumption: - - The end of bipolar world was the main/sole factor to the rise of RF- - “Discuss” – There were other factors that contributed to RF

Assumption:

Criteria + Evidence1st level: Definition of key words

1) “End of the bipolar world” defined as beginning with the ECW in 1989, and reaffirmed by the collapse of USSR in 1991

2nd level: AT to evaluate evidence Consistency of Contribution –

o End of bipolar world although significant, did not lead to rise of RF in America, South-Asia (inconsistent)

o More consistent across the different types of RF in different regions of the world was the internal factors of socio-econ conditions & nationalist aspirations

Criteria + Evidence 1st level: Definition of key words

2nd level: AT to evaluate evidence

2

Aims of Term 3: Intensive Revision for the Preliminary Examinations & the ‘A’ Levels through:

Exposure to a variety of ‘A’ level essay questionsFine-tuning essay writing skillsMastering time-management

The revision schedule is organised by themes (i.e. the coverage of a theme in a consolidated time)

There will be 4 lectures and 5 tutorials over a period of two weeks. Most sessions (i.e. both lecture and tutorials) are dedicated to dealing with essay questions.Focus for each session:Exposure to questions & approach.Review of selected essays by students. As NO TEACHER-PREPARED outlines will be given out from Term 3 onwards, the onus is on the students assigned the specific qns to put in much effort in producing a gd essay. Consolidation of historical content is the student’s responsibility and done during the student’s personal revision and preparation time.

Conduct in class Sessions must be student-centred. Aim to be very self-directed and take charge of your learning. Preparation will be expected for both lectures and tutorials. Refer to the examples & templates provided in pgs 3-6 to identify what is deemed as required “preparation”. Lecture and Tutorials are meant for questions to be raised. Students must come prepared for optimal use of time.At this point, the teachers should (hopefully) function as “facilitators” or “guides” to clarify, answer your questions & comment on the quality of your prepared work.For all lessons missed due to (unforeseen) circumstances: Hist reps are responsible for scheduling make up. No initiative = forsaken lesson.

There will be time based practice / test approx. every 2 weeks To aid in mastery of content on a particular topic.To work on time management skills: ability to cover a question in depth and breadth (e.g. SEA: 3+1 case studies ) These tests will only be fruitful/ meaningful if you are well prepared.

Consultations Should students have questions that are not tackled in the classroom, they can arrange for consultations with the tutors in groups of at least 3 students. However, the pre-requisite for consultations is that the student(s) actively participated in class discussions as consultations are not “tuition” sessions. More details will be provided at the 1st lecture of term 3.

Nur Adhana Binte Mohamed Anwar, 05/26/13,

Needs to be very specific to the qn – for e.g. just stating The rise of RF is not sufficient as the topic focus.


Clearly state the analytical tool being used to evaluate evidence in order to make sense of your stand.


This is a very impt step. Setting a clear definition ensures “the ball is kept in your court” A weak, illogical, non-existent definition would lead to a weak, illogical essay.


Must be clearly stated in order to lead to a “balanced” stand.


This would help you identify which AF can be used



Stand: [Defining given factor / “x” variable] The end of the bipolar world is defined in

this essay as the collapse of USSR in 1991, which marked the demise of USSR as a superpower & brought to a final end the CW competition btw USA & USSR.

[Role of the given factor / “x” variable] The absence of Soviet hegemony brought to the fore latent religious tensions & rivalries, contributing to the rise of RF forces especially in Central Asia. Yet it is limited in explaining the rise of RF where the CW rivalry had negligible impact such as in the US and South Asia.

[Downplay given factor by raising an alternative stronger reason / larger factor] However, the rise of religious fundamentalism can more consistently and fundamentally be attributed to the backlash brought about due to dissatisfactory socio-economic conditions and prevailing nationalist agendas

Stand:

Q ( ) Q ( )

Topic (Focus): Timeframe: Type of Qn:

Topic (Focus):Timeframe: Type of Qn:

Assumption: Assumption:

Criteria + Evidence1st level: Definition of key words


Criteria + Evidence 1st level: Definition of key words


Stand: Stand:

3

Preparing for Paper 1 IH Essay question:

SAMPLE


Analytical tools should be used within your stand in order to explicitly display H.O.T.s!


For Stand: State explicitly the APPROACH Keep stand SHARP & SUCCINCT



Preparing for Paper 2 SEA essay questionsEXAMPLE:

BRAINSTORMING AND PLANNING PROCESS: CHOICE OF CASE STUDIESBurma (BEV) East Indies (BEV) Malaya Choose the 4th one

Culture + religion: social decline , YMBA, pongyis – wanted to revive culture

From late 1920s: foreign ideologies more impt: secular/democracy-Thakins

Culture + religion: social decline = Budi Utomo, Sarekat Dagang Islam, Sarekat Islam

From late 1920s, decline of role of culture + religion

More impt: communism (PKI ) and democracy (PNI + others)

Similar trend to Burma

Different from Burma and East Indies

Culture and religion remained the predominant forces.

PRO-MALAY: Malay educated intellectuals

Western educated intellectual: limited appeal

PMS: Siam or the Philippines?

4

Q. HOW FAR WERE CULTURE AND RELIGION IMPORTANT IN THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN SEA BEFORE 1941?

Set Criteria: “IMPORTANT” = in shaping aims, methods, formation of groupsHigher Order Thinking Skills:

Weigh/Evaluate the role of the given factor (culture + religion) vs other factors (eg non-traditional factors – communism and democracy as ideologies)

Group case studies.Engage the question clearly, capture a CLEAR ARGUMENT – show clearly its importance in the early phase up to late 1920s in Burma and Vietnam and its importance

being eclipsed by Western ideologies of communism and democracy from late 1920s to 1941. In contrast, in Malaya, culture and religion, remained the dominant shapers of the rise of nationalist groups.

WRITE YOUR STAND IN FULL

Topic Focus: factors contributing to the rise of nationalism in SEA

Given Factor: ideological forces (culture & religion) Assumption to question: is it true that ideological forces were important in the rise of nationalism?

Time frame: 1900 – 1941 Rise of different groups in the period givenNote to myself: the work rise in the qn is not confined to the first 2 decades only. It refers to the rise of different grps until 1941

* students can either print multiple copies of this pg or simply reproduce this template in the same formaton a fresh sheet of paper.



CONSTRUCT 5 TOPIC SENTENCES (IN SEA, TS MUST IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY AND COMPARE)TS 1:TS 2:TS 3:

TS 4:TS 5:Write out the judgemental conclusion

5



Preparing for Paper 2 SEA essay questions TEMPLATE:* students can either print multiple copies of this pg or simply reproduce this template in the same formaton a fresh sheet of paper.

BRAINSTORMING AND PLANNING PROCESS: CHOICE OF CASE STUDIES

CONSTRUCT 5 TOPIC SENTENCES (IN SEA, TS MUST IDENTIFY THE COUNTRY AND COMPARE)TS 1:

TS 2:

TS 3:

TS 4:

TS 5:

6

UNPACK THE Q:

WRITE YOUR STAND IN FULL



B.SCHEDULE In the table below, for every/any session which includes “qns”, students will be required to prepare the questions from the corresponding topics. See * for an e.g. Please refer to section C for the assigned questions. You will find the questions according to themes.

WEEK/DATES LECTURES TUTORIALS TEST / REMARKS

11 – 7 July

L1: SEA Theme 3 Expectation Setting (Lessons & Consultations) Inter-state tensions: Causes – Review & Qns

L2: SEA Theme 3 ASEAN SBQ – Review & Recap of Skills

T1: SEA Theme 2 National Unity Prepare a full essay outline on: Assess the view that language and religion were more important than multiculturalism in creating national unity in independent Southeast Asian states.

T2: SEA Theme 3 Inter-state tensions: Consequences – Review & Questions

T3: SEA Theme 3 Review of ASEAN SBQ I

T4: IH Theme 3 Review of UN SBQ 1

T5: IH Theme 3 Rise of RF, Arab-Israeli & Kashmir Conflict Review & Qns

28 – 14 July

Mon (8/7): Youth Day

Hol

L1: IH Theme 3 UN SBQ – Review & Recap of Skills

L2: IH Theme 3 Rise of RF: Causes & Consequences – Review & Qns

315 – 21 July

L1: SEA Theme 3 Test on Inter-state tensions

L2: IH Theme 1 The End of CW - Causes for ECW, Collapse of USSR

& PCW – Review & Qns

T1: IH Theme 1 Origins of the Cold War Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T2: IH Theme 1 Origins & Extension of the Cold War Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared4

22 – 28 July

L1: SEA Theme 1 Rise & Devt of Nationalism – Review & Qns

7



L2: SEA Theme 1 Impact of Japanese Occupation – Review & Qns

T3: SEA Theme 2.1 Causes for End of Cold War & Collapse of USSR & PCW Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T4: SEA Theme 1 Rise & Devt of Nationalism

528 July – 4

Aug

L1: SEA Theme 2 Challenges to Independent SEA – Overview of all

the different sub-themes

L2: IH Theme 2 The Development of the GE - Growth & Problems of

the GE

T1: SEA Theme 2 National Unity Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T2: SEA Theme 2 Search for Political Structures Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T3: SEA Theme 2 Econ Devt Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T4: IH Theme 2 Growth & Problems of the GE Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T5: [In view of public holidays]

65 – 11 August

Wed - Fri (7 -9/8):

National DayHari Raya

Puasa

L1/2: SEA Theme 2 Test on National Unity

8



712 – 18 August

L1: IH Theme 2 The Development of the GE – Japan, China &

US Dominance

L2: Time-based practice of UN SBQ [3 sources + Review]

T1: IH Theme 2 Japan, China & US Dominance Review & Qns Discussion over essay outlines prepared

T2: Selection of ‘A’ level paper 1 + variety of qns

T3 : Selection of ‘A’ level paper 2 + variety of qns

T4: Selection of ‘A’ level papers 1 & 2 + variety of qns

819 – 25 August

L1: Time-based practice of ASEAN SBQ [3 sources + Review]

L2: Review of National Unity Test

In session analysis for essay qns. No prior preparation required.

9 26 Aug – 1

Sep

JC2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS BEGIN H2 History Papers

o Paper 1: International History o Paper 2: Southeast Asian History

Duration: 3 hours per paper. Format: 1 Compulsory SBQ, answer 3 out of 5 given essay questions. 10

2 – 9 Sep

9



C.QUESTIONS The questions below are arranged by THEMES, not according the schedule above. Please refer to the corresponding topics for the assigned questions for each session. For all lessons that require the going through of questions, please prepare the ASSIGNED QUESTIONS. We are likely to be able to go through at least 3 assigned questions

per session. To prepare for all the questions will only benefit you in meeting the aim of exposure to a variety of questions. Doing full outlines is to your best benefit. Do not worry about the STRETCH QUESTIONS at this point. They are meant for enrichment / students who feel they are ready for a greater challenge. You can use them to

test your understanding of questions. There is time yet in the post prelim period to tackle these questions in your study groups.

PAPER 1: INTERNATIONAL HISTORY

THEME 1: THE COLD WAR AND HOW IT SHAPED THE WORLD

ASSIGNED QUESTIONS STRETCH QUESTIONS

THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE AFTER WORLD WAR II (OCW)

1. "The Truman Doctrine was the most important factor in accelerating the development of the Cold War in Europe after World War II." How far do you agree with this view?

2. “The origins of the Cold War were less about ideologies and more about concerns over security.’ Discuss.

3. “Among the post-war leaders, Truman was the key person who aggravated tensions and contributed the most to the outbreak of the Cold War.” Discuss.

4. To what extent did the division of Germany in 1945 mark the outbreak of the Cold War?

5. To what extent has the end of the Cold War influenced the historical debate on the origins of the Cold War?

“More a result of misunderstanding than expansionist ambitions.” How far do you agree with the statement in relation to USA and USSR’s policies towards Europe in the period 1945-1949?

How far do you agree that the development of the US policy of containment in the late 1940s was based on a mistaken interpretation of Soviet aims and ambitions?

“A necessary and justified response to Soviet aggression.” Discuss this view of American policy towards Europe 1945-49.

How far do you agree that the Truman Doctrine was a turning point in the development of the Cold War from 1945-1949?

“The end of the Cold War marked the turning point in the historiography of the Cold War origins.” Access the validity of this statement.

“In the origins of the Cold War, ideology was a mask for economic conflict.” Discuss.

10




THE EXTENSION /GLOBALISATION OF THE COLD WAR OUTSIDE EUROPE: KOREAN WAR AND CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (GCW)

1. “The Korean War was more an expression of localised conflict than superpower rivalry.” How far do you agree with this statement? (A Level 2011)

2. “The Korean War was a turning point in the development of the Cold War”. Discuss.

3. To what extent did the Cuban Missile Crisis arise from US hostility to Castro's regime? (A Level 2012)

4. Which of the following had the greater impact on the development of the Cold War: the Korean War or the Cuban Missile Crisis?

5. “The Korean War was more significant in the spread of the Cold War outside Europe than the Cuban Missile Crisis.” How far do you agree? (A Level 2008)

To what extent were the USA and USSR in control of developments in the Korean Peninsula from 1950 to 1953?

How far do you agree that the impact of the Korean War was out of proportion to its causes?

“The Cuban Missile Crisis broke out because of the aggression of the superpowers.” How far do you agree?

How far was Soviet policy to blame for the development of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

How far was US policy to blame for the development of the crisis in Cuba?

“The extension of the Cold War outside Europe paradoxically stabilized it.” Assess the validity of this assertion with close reference to the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

“The globalization of the Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s is clear evidence that both the USA and USSR had expansionist ambitions.” Discuss the validity of this statement with reference to the Korean War and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

To what extent were the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis proxy wars for superpower rivalry?

THE END OF THE COLD WAR (ECW) & THE COLLAPSE OF USSR1. “The end of the Cold War was caused by the USSR’s internal problems and had

nothing to do with the USA.” How far do you agree?

2. “Without the power of the people, the Cold War would not have ended.” Discuss.

3. “The Western Triumphalist view of the end of the Cold War is the most credible because USA played a pivotal role in ending the Cold War.” Discuss.

4. How far do you agree that the Cold War ended in 1989 with the breaking away of Eastern European states rather than the collapse of the Soviet Union?

When did the Cold War end: 1987? 1988? 1989? 1990? 1991? The Americans did not win the CW; the USSR merely lost it”.

Discuss. How far do you agree that the CW came to an end due to the

decline and eventual implosion of the USSR? It was not the success of containment that led to the end of the

Cold War but Gorbachev’s inability to deal with the forces of democracy.” How far do you agree with this statement?

“The CW ended becos’ the Communist leaders allowed it to.” Discuss.

Did the end of the CW cause the end of the USSR or vice versa? “The Soviet initiative school of thought was the most balanced

explanation for the end of the Cold War from 1980 to 1991.” How far do you agree with this statement?

Reagan’s actions were negligible on a platform where Gorbachev’s actions took centre stage.” Discuss the validity of this assertion with reference to the developments leading to the end of the Cold War by 1989.

11




THE COLLAPSE OF USSR & POST COLD WAR WORLD (PCW)

1. How far do you agree that the breakaway of the Eastern European satellite states in 1989 was the most important factor that led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?

2. The USSR collapsed in 1991 because the Soviet economy slowed, stopped and went into reverse.’ Discuss.

3. “Gorbachev was unwittingly, the singular cause for the demise of his country.” How far is this, an accurate explanation for the collapse of the Soviet Union?

4. "An emerging new world disorder." Discuss this view of the international system in the 1990s.

“The events of 1989-1991 marked the success of Gorbachev’s reforms.” Discuss the validity of this statement.

“Gorbachev was unwittingly, the singular cause for the demise of his country.” How far is this, an accurate explanation for the collapse of the Soviet Union?

“Reagan was, indisputably, the architect of the Soviet Union’s demise.” Discuss.

How accurate is the view that “glasnost doomed perestroika and thus caused the collapse of the Soviet Union”?

“The communist system, the policies of glasnost and perestroika or the creation of the Commonwealth Independent States (CIS)” - Which of these factors best accounts for the eventual collapse of the USSR in 1991?

‘The post-Cold War world was a better world than the Cold War world’. Discuss.

“The end of the Cold War was responsible for the start of a new era of instability”. Discuss.

To what extent did the end of the Cold War usher in a more peaceful and unified capitalist world?

“A more unified capitalist and free world was more of a delusion than reality.” How far do you agree with this assessment of the post-Cold War era from 1989-2000?

How far do you agree that the international order of the 1990s ‘differed very little’ from the Cold War system?

12



THEME 2: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY


GROWTH & PROBLEMS

1. How far did the global economy benefit from the liberalisation of trade during the period 1945-2000?

2. “The GE from 1945 to 2000 was distinguished more by problems than successes.’ Do you agree?

3. Assess the validity of the following statement. “With the oil crisis of the 1970s, the international economy had entered an era of instability.”

4. “Developing nations were more responsible for the problems in the global economy in the period 1971 to 2000, than developed nations.”

Assess the reasons for the growth of the global economy from 1945 to 1973.

“The phenomenal growth of the GE in the postwar period was primarily a product of US intervention in Europe and Asia.” Assess the accuracy of this statement in relation to the period 1945-1970.

“The problems experienced by the GE during the crisis decades were caused by the developed countries.” Discuss.

“The USA was the key driver in the development of the GE from 1945 – 2000.” Examine the validity of this statement.

“Consequences of the golden ages, decline of USA and the oil crisis of 1973”. Which of these factors best explains the cause of the crisis decades from 1974-1991?

Assess the impact of the Cold War on the development of the global economy.

“National interest rather than stability of the international economy was the prerogative of the US.” Assess this statement in relation to the role of the US in the development of the international economy, 1945 – 91.

The problems that affected the global economy merely affected the developed countries”. Discuss.

“The progress made in the development of the global economy was abruptly halted by the economic shocks of the 1970s.” Discuss.

13




JAPAN, CHINA & US

1. Examine the reasons for Japan’s economic miracle and their significance to her problems in the 1990s.

2. “The open door foreign policy, export-oriented programme or agricultural reform – which factor best explains the growth of the Chinese economy from 1978-2000?

3. “USA was the most dominant power in the world econ between 1945-2000”. Explain.

4. To what extent can US’s influence in the development of the international economy from 1945 to 2000 be attributed to its provision of aid through the European Recovery Plan?

To what extent is it accurate to see the Jpnese economic experience in the 1970s-90s as a ‘capitalist illusion’?

“It was through sheer luck that the Jpnese managed to develop themselves into an econ superpower.” Discuss.

To what extent is it accurate to see the Jpnese economic experience in the 1970s-90s as a ‘capitalist illusion’?

Examine the reasons for Japan’s economic miracle and their significance to her problems in the 1990s

“Japan has only itself to blame for the failure to sustain its economic miracle.” Discuss.

“The global economic crises of the 1970s reversed the fortunes of the booming Japanese economy.” Discuss.

How far can the collapse of the Japanese economy in the 1990s be attributed to the bursting of its asset bubble?

“China’s economic miracle in the 1980s and 1990s were due, to a large extent, to the creation of an industrial backbone, by reforming the state industries’. Assess.

China experienced a smooth and relatively unhindered economic growth from 1978 to 2000.” Discuss.

How far do changes in ideology explain the rise of China as a major economic power in the post-Mao era?

How far do you agree that it was “economic reforms first, political changes after” that contributed to China’s economic success?

How far do you agree that the economic growth experienced by China from the 1980s until 2000 was due to the policies of economic liberalization by Deng Xiaoping?

“The developed countries were most responsible for the crisis decades in the international economy from the 1970s-1990.” Discuss.

To what extent did the dominance of USA in the global economy from 1945 -1975 serve her own interests?

14



THEME 3: CONFLICT AND COOPERATION


THE RISE OF RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES1. To what extent was the development of religious fundamentalism the result of

Western influence in the 3rd World?

2. ‘The rise of religious fundamentalism stemmed primarily from threats to national identity.’ Discuss the validity of this statement with reference to the Middle East and South Asia.

3. How great was the impact of the rise of religious fundamentalism in the Middle East on regional security from 1970 to 2000?

4. Examine the view that the rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the Middle East and South Asia destabilized the regions.

How far can the rise of religious fundamentalist movements be explained by the superpowers’ Cold War rivalry?

Account for the evolution of religious fundamentalism into the extremist terror campaigns of the 1990s.

‘Israel’s national security concerns have been the greatest stumbling block to peace in the Middle East.’ Assess the validity of this statement.

‘Rather than creating new conflicts, it merely made existing ones more difficult to resolve.’ Discuss with reference to the impact of religious fundamentalism on regional security in the period c.1970 to 2000.

Discuss how religion between 1945-2000 has been a means to achieve political ends

THE ARAB-ISRAELI & KASHMIR CONFLICT: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES1. “A sovereignty dispute that developed into a protracted conflict”. Assess the

validity of this statement with reference to the Arab-Israeli conflict in the period 1945-2000.

2. Do you agree that much of the tension and chaos in the Middle East between 1945-2000 can be attributed to the interference of the superpowers?

3. How far do you agree that it was mainly Pakistani policies and attitudes that caused the continued escalation of the Kashmir conflict in the period 1947-2000?

4. ''The conflict over Kashmir has had a greater impact in India and Pakistan than elsewhere in the world.' How far do you agree with this view?

5. How successfully did India and Pakistan manage the Kashmir dispute, in the period 1947 to 2000?

“It was Israel’s lack of openness to peaceful negotiation that hindered the resolution of the Arab Israeli conflict from 1948 to 2000.”How far do you agree with this statement?

Critically examine the view that “the success or failure of resolving the Arab-Israeli Conflict ultimately hinges on the issue of territorial control”.

Assess the relative importance of the various factors hindering the peace process in the Arab-Israeli dispute 1967-2000.

The Camp David Accords of 1978-79 achieved “a just, comprehensive, and durable settlement” of the conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis.’ Assess the validity of this statement.

“A sovereignty dispute that developed into a protracted conflict”. Assess the validity of this statement with reference to the Arab-Israeli conflict in the period 1945-2000.

“The Kargil Crisis is essentially the First Indian Pakistani War with an added nuclear dimension.” Critically evaluate the validity of this statement.

How far do you agree that the nuclearisation of the conflict was the most significant development in the Indo- Pakistani dispute over Kashmir?

15



PAPER 2: SOUTHEAST ASIAN HISTORY

THEME 1: HOW INDEPENDENCE WAS ACHIEVED


ORIGINS, NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRE-WORLD WAR II NATIONALISM: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS +

COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS’ RESPONSE TO NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS

1. “Southeast Asian nationalists had achieved nothing of significance before World War Two.” Discuss.

2. “Western education was the key driving force in the rise of nationalism.” Discuss with reference to the period 1900 to 1942.

3. 'The measures taken by colonial governments in Southeast Asia before World War II merely postponed the eventual success of nationalist movements.' How far do you agree with this statement?

4. “Successful Southeast Asian nationalist movements before the Second World War were characterised by modern ideologies.” To what extent is this statement true?

5. “New directions, new elites but little impact.” Is this a fair assessment of nationalist movements in the period prior to the Japanese Occupation?

Examine the key features of SEAsian nationalism in the period prior to 1941.

‘Nationalism was the product of oppressive rule’. Assess the validity of the statement with regard to early 20th century nationalism in SEA.

“The main obstacle to the achievement of independence in South-East Asia was not Western repression, but division and rivalry between the nationalist groups.” Do you agree?

How important was the role played by colonial powers in the emergence and development of SEAsian nationalism in the period prior to the Japanese occupation of South-East Asia.

“The development of nationalism in SEA from 1900-1941 was exclusive rather than integrative”. How far do you agree?

“SEAsian nationalists should bear the most responsibility for their failures before World War Two.” How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent were the SEAsian nationalists incompetent challengers of colonial rule in the period before WWII?

“The colonial powers sowed the seeds of their own destruction.” Assess the validity of this statement in the context of the rise of Southeast Asian nationalist movements.

How far do you agree that the diverse responses of nationalists groups undermined their success before WWII?

‘Individual leaders or political philosophies’ - which was more important in shaping nationalist movements in SEA?

16




IMPACT OF WORLD WAR II ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALISM (JO)1. Assess the view that resistance to the Japanese Occupation had the greatest

impact on nationalist movements in Southeast Asia.

2. “Short-lived and superficial”. Assess the validity of this statement of the impact of the Japanese Occupation on SEAsian nationalism.

3. How far can the impact of the Japanese Occupation (1942-1945) on Southeast Asian nationalist movements be considered an exaggeration?

4. To what extent was the Japanese Occupation of Southeast Asia, during World War Two, the turning-point in the development of nationalist movements?

Which had a greater impact upon the development of SEAsian nationalism: Western or Japanese rule?

‘1942 or post World War II era’ - which more accurately marks the demise of the ‘Age of Empire’.

“The Japanese Occupation of SEA produced the real beginning of the wars of SEAsian independence.” Discuss

“Southeast Asian nationalists found the Japanese Occupation indispensable to their cause.” To what extent is this true?

‘With reference to the period up to independence, World War Two proved to be the mortal blow to Western imperialism in Southeast Asia.’ Discuss.

END OF THE COLONIAL RULE: ROLE OF THE NATIONALISTS; IMPACT OF COLONIAL POLICIES AND INTERNATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES / DECOLONIZATION

1. To what extent did World War Two bring about the end of colonialism in Southeast Asia?

2. “Not on the strength of the nationalists but on the assent of the colonial powers.” To what extent is this an accurate reflection of decolonization in Southeast Asia?

3. Between the impacts of World War Two and the developing Cold War, which factor proved decisive in bringing decolonization to Southeast Asia after 1945?

4. 'Nationalist movements in Southeast Asia had high quality leadership.' How far does this explain the end of colonial rule?

‘Individual leaders or political philosophies’ - which was more important in shaping nationalist movements in SEA?

“There was striking unity about the aims, if not the methods of the colonial powers upon their return to SEA in 1945.” Do you agree?

“While nationalist efforts were important, the pace of Southeast Asia’s decolonisation was ultimately controlled by the colonialists.” Discuss.

“The experiences gained from the Japanese Occupation proved pivotal in the decolonisation process in Southeast Asia.” Discuss.

Since the end of WWII, which has been the more important influence in SEA: threat of communist subversion or superpower rivalry?

How far do events between 1945 – 1965, bear out the principle that the “Age of Empire was dead.”

Why did some Southeast Asian countries achieve independence earlier than others in the region

17



THEME 2: CHALLENGES TO INDEPENDENT SOUTHEAST ASIAN STATES


SEARCH FOR POLITICAL STRUCTURES AND GOVERNMENTS: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS

1. How far do you agree that democracy was abandoned in the search for political structures in independent Southeast Asian states?

2. “The emergence of the military as a force in Southeast Asian politics was the outcome of Cold War rivalry in the region.” Discuss.

3. “A mixed blessing.” How accurate is this statement in describing authoritarian governments in independent Southeast Asian states?

4. To what extent do you agree that Communism was a threat to the newly-independent governments of Southeast Asia?

‘The fates of independent SEAsian states were largely determined by their leaders’. Discuss.

The predominance of maximum govts in SEA was largely due to external factors”. Do you agree?

Assess the claim that the establishment of ‘maximum’ governments has done more harm than good in independent Southeast Asia.

“The military was pushed into a leadership role during independent Southeast Asia.” How far do you agree with this statement?

“In postcolonial Southeast Asia, the military was transformed from an institution into a government.” Discuss with reference to the newly independent states of Southeast Asia.

“More a threat than a guardian to democracy.” How accurate is this statement on the role of the military in the govts of postwar SEA?

How valid is the view that ‘the military had no choice but to become involved in politics’ in independent Southeast Asia?

“Military rule was the best option for the newly independent SEAsian states.” Would this be a valid conclusion to make?

“The military was pushed into a leadership role during independent Southeast Asia.” How far do you agree with this statement?

“Military involvement in SEA politics after independence was a necessary evil.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

To what extent has the communist threat to the Southeast Asian nations receded between 1950 and 1997?

“After World War II, communism was a spent force with little credibility and impact.” Discuss the accuracy of this statement.

18




ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CONSEQUENCES

1. How far did the pursuit of economic nationalism affect economic development in independent Southeast Asia states till 1997?

2. How far do you agree with the view that external actors and developments played a more crucial role than Southeast Asian governments in the development of the economy up till 1997?

3. “The independent economies of Southeast Asia experienced more problems than growth”. How far do you agree with this statement in reference to the period 1950 to 1997?

4. To what extent was the financial crisis in Asia in 1997 the result of currency speculation?

‘Governments do not make good captains of the economy’. How true is this statement in evaluating the role played by governments in the economic development of their countries?

Why did some Southeast Asian economies developed faster than others after independence?

DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO NATIONAL UNITY: SUCCESSES AND LIMITATIONS + SUPERMACRO1. Why were some governments more successful than others in addressing the

minority problem?

2. “The policies to forge national unity in the newly-independent Southeast Asian states were flawed and ineffective.” Discuss.

3. To what extent were attempts to forge national unity in Southeast Asian states from 1950-1997 more divisive than unifying?

4. To what extent were government policies responsible for the socio-economic problems from the 1960s to 1997 in Southeast Asia?

Assess the view that education was more important than language and religion in helping to create a national identity in newly-independent states. [2008 ‘A’ level]

‘Regardless of race, language or religion.’ Is this an accurate reflection of Southeast Asian governments’ policies towards the assimilation of ethnic minorities after independence?

‘The experience of independence was a disappointment for Southeast Asia’. Is this a fair judgment to make?

‘In the post-war period, Southeast Asia was revolutionised’. Do you agree?

19



THEME 3: REGIONAL CONFLICTS AND COOPERATION


INTER-STATE TENSIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: CAUSES & CONSEQUENCES 1. To what extent were inter-state disputes in post-colonial Southeast Asia primarily

influenced by the past?

2. How important have territorial disputes been in causing inter-state tensions between Southeast Asian states since independence?

3. “Historical animosities more than territorial disputes were the cause of inter-state tensions”. Discuss.

4. “The most serious causes of inter-state tensions in Southeast Asia have been racial and religious in nature.” How far do you agree with this statement?

To what extent were the inter-state tensions in SEA a legacy of its colonial past?

‘Security has been the main cause of interstate tension in Southeast Asia.’ To what extent do you agree with this claim?

“Territorial disputes more than anything else is the main cause of tensions between countries in Southeast Asia.” Discuss the validity of this statement with reference to the period between 1950 and 1997.

Critically examine the significance of external conditions in the development of regional cooperation from 1954 to 1997.

INTER-STATE TENSIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: CONSEQUENCES

1. “In post-colonial SEA, inter-state tensions were endemic, but irreconcilable“. Discuss.

2. “Regional tensions, rather than regional cooperation, have marked the history of Southeast Asian states.” How far do you agree with this statement?

3. How effectively have newly-independent states in SEA dealt with territorial disputes between them?

4. “There was no unity in diversity.” How far is this true of the relations between SEAsian states in the period 1960-1997?

“Regional co-operation in SEA is more of a success than a failure”. How far do you agree with this statement?

“A region riddled with disputes, yet a stable region.” How would you account for this paradox?

“Doomed to instability.” How accurate is this assessment of interstate relations in the region after independence?

To what extent were inter-state tensions a setback to regional cooperation in independent Southeast Asia?

Critically examine whether regional organisations were successful in Southeast Asia, in the period between 1945 and 1997.

‘Up to 1997, independent Southeast Asian states have more easily avoided interstate conflicts than resolved them.’ Discuss.

Why were some tensions between Southeast Asian states since 1945 more difficult to resolve than others?

“Inter-state tensions limited regional cooperation.” How far does a study of inter-state relations in the period in the period 1954-1997 supports this view.

20

Documents

2013 JC2 H2 History SOW Term 3 (Finalised) (1)