2013 NGIC Gang Report

8/20/2019 2013 NGIC Gang Report

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2013 National Gang ReportPrison Gangs

Street gang members – at the behest of prisongangs – also commit various crimes whileincarcerated. Prison gangs charge incarceratedstreet gangs members with smuggling contra-band into the prison system and directing illegalactivity on prison yards. Both on the streets andin prison, street gangs also search for crimes toposture themselves favorably with their incar-cerated leaders. Since they operate largelyunder the command of prison gangs, streetgangs - both on the street and in prison – typi-cally forward a percentage of their illicit pro-ceeds to their incarcerated leaders. Thus, it isultimately through their street subordinates that

prison gangs impact crime rates in communitiesand prison yards across the nation. The surveyreporting below illustrates the control prisongangs exert over street gangs.

Over 56 percent of survey respondentsindicate that prison gangs control gangactivities outside of prison within their

jurisdictions through means of visitation,notes and coded communication, defenseattorneys, corrupt prison staff, court ses-sions, contraband, cell phones and institu-tion phones, social media, and directionprovided to released inmates by prisongang leaders.

• The Eme in uences local street gangs byestablishing a code of conduct and requir -ing street gangs to pay taxes on illegalactivities such as drug sales. The Eme or-ders its subordinates, Sureños, to partakein tax collection, assaults, and murders.

Any street subordinate that violates Emerules faces persecution while incarcer-ated.

• NF controls and directs drug sales, money laundering and robberies in the community.“Shot callers” v from the NF’s subordinate organization, Norteños, also directs illegal activ -ity from behind prison walls.

Criminal activity within prisons is facilitated through clandestine communication that enablesprison gangs to conduct illicit business, control street level activity, and perpetuate the in ux

v A shot caller is a gang member within a leadership position who orders other members to per orm variousacts, including criminal acts.

Text Box 2: List of Most Signi cant PrisonGangs Operating in Survey Respondents’Jurisdictions.

of contraband that promulgates the use ofviolence and corruption. One commonly usedcommunication method is for prison gang lead-ers to pass messages or agendas to gangmembers about to be released from prison sothey can enforce these orders on the streets.

The spread of crime from one region to an-other is facilitated at times by the migration ofstreet gang members at the behest of prisongangs; for example, family and friends oftenfollow prison gang members who are trans-ferred to new facilities. By means of recruit-ment – inside and outside of prison – i ncar-cerated gang members and their migratingcounterparts are able to expand their i n uenceto new facilities and to communities adjacentto those facilities.

According to survey respondents, 63 per-cent indicated gangs have migrated intotheir jurisdictions over the past two years.

Prison gangs and street gangs function in aninterdependent capacity whereby the formerpuppeteers the latter. As part of their parent/subordinate arrangement, incarcerated gangmembers with lengthy sentences rely heavily on income provided by their street partners;inversely members with lighter sentences revert to a street role upon release and essentially“pay it forward” by nancially supporting their incarcerated counterparts. Street gangs bene tfrom their servile relationship with prison gangs primarily by securing protection in prison, asprison gangs protect their incarcerated street gang benefactors. Also, street gangs use theirassociation with prison gangs to venture into different pro table endeavors. For example,street gang members will often use the name and reputation of one of their i ncarcerated lead-ers to forge new relationships, extend their criminal networks, and expand their street andprison operations. In many ways, street gangs are largely the product of prison gang in u -ence. Accordingly, prison gangs lie at the helm of the considerable threat street gangs pose tothe nation.

• Approximately 157 Eme members – 99 percent of which are incarcerated and securedin Security Housing Units – puppeteer more than 100,000 Sureño gang members on thestreets and in prison yards across the country. Sureños nancially sustain the Eme byserving as foot soldiers, and in exchange for their servitude, Sureños receive protection inprison and use their Eme connection to gain credibility on the streets.

Figure 4: Cell phones con scated fromincarcerated prisoners.

Prison-Based Gangs

2-5211 Crew

Arizona Aryan Brotherhood Aryan Brotherhood (AB) Aryan Brotherhood of Texas (ABT) Aryan Circle (AC)Barrio Azteca (BA) Black Guerilla Family (BGF)Border BrothersDead Man Incorporated (DMI)Dirty White Boys (DWB) G-25G-27Good FellasHermanos Pistoleros Latinos (HPL)415 KUMIMexican Ma a (Eme) Mexikanemi (Emi)Murder Inc.Nazi Low Riders (NLR) ÑetasNorthern RydersNorthern Structure (NS/Nuestra Raza) Ohio Aryan Brotherhood (OAB)Partido Revolucionario Mexicanos (PRM)PeckerwoodsPrison Brotherhood of BikersPublic Enemy Number One (PENI)Soldiers of Aryan Culture (SAC)Tango BlastTexas Chicano Brotherhood (TCB)Texas Syndicate (TS)Universal Aryan Brotherhood (UA)Warrior Society (WS)


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2013 National Gang Report

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

Historically, when compared to street or prison gangs, OMGs were perceived an overall lowerthreat to public safety within US communities, primarily due to lower OMG membership num-bers. OMGs represent approximately 2.5 percent of gang members in the United States basedon survey reporting. In regions of the United States where OMGs are attempting to expandinto rival territory, the threat posed by OMGs increases. Law enforcement of cials in the USSouthwest, Mid-Atlantic, and Northwest regions indicate that OMGs present a signi cantthreat.

However, when asked to identify the top ten worst or most problematic gangs in their respec-tive jurisdictions, survey respondents identi ed OMGs rst over street and prison gangs higherthan their membership numbers would indicate.

Figure 7: Survey Responses Identifying OMGs as a Signi cant Threat

Despite survey reporting indicating that OMGs comprise an estimated 2.5 percent ofall gang members, 14 percent of survey respondents identify OMGs rst amongst theirmost problematic gangs within their respective jurisdiction. 6, 7

These indications are reasonably consistent with respondents’ indications that OMGs are asigni cant threat in their jurisdiction.

Approximately 11 percent of survey respondents indicate that OMGs are the mostviolent gang type in their jurisdiction. 8 Additionally, more than 10 percent o f survey

respondents consider OMGs as a signi cant threat within their jurisdiction. 9

The slight percentage increase indicates that OMGs are more problematic than their modestnumbers suggest. This is likely due to their solid organizational structure, criminal sophistica -tion, and their tendency to employ violence to protect their interests.

• In June 2012, 20 Hells Angels Motorcycle Club (HAMC) members and associates wereindicted as a result of a cooperative federal, state, and local task force investigation intothe Hells Angels Rock Hill, South Carolina chapter. Additionally, 19 of these OMG mem-bers and associates were convicted ofdrug dealing; money laundering; rearmstraf cking; use of rearms in relation to

crimes of violence and drug dealing; at-tempted armed robbery; arson; and otheroffenses. More than 100 weapons wereseized, which included machine guns, si -lencers, assault-style ri es, semiautomaticpistols, and revolvers. 10, 11

Figure 8: Trial photo of weapons and drugsseized.


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2013 National Gang ReportOutlaw Motorcycle Gangs

In December 2012, seven members of the Wheels of Soul (WOS) MC were convicted in feder -al court of racketeering conspiracy and related charges, including murder, attempted murder,and conspiracy to commit murder, and tampering with evidence. Additionally, in April 2013, the

nal indicted members of the WOS were sentenced for their roles in a racketeering conspira -cy, according to open source reporting. 12

Within the subset of street gangs, locally-based gangs are identi ed as a greater threatthan national-level gangs. In contrast, withinthe subset of OMGs, national-level gangs areidenti ed as the most signi cant threat.

Survey reporting cited the HAMC, Pagans,Bandidos, Outlaws, and Iron Horsemen asthe most signi cant OMG threat. 13

Gangs, Drug Traf cking Organizations, andOrganized Crime Syndicates

Gangs and Mexican Transnational Criminal Organizations

Street and prison gangs, as well as OMGs and associates, develop and foster relationshipswith transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) in Mexico and Central America. Although thenature of each relationship varies by region, most are opportunistic arrangements. Gangs andTCO alliances are most often a product of geographic convenience, pro t-making opportunity,and business ef ciency.

Of those surveyed, 23 percent of law enforcement of cials report that gangs in their

jurisdictions align with MTCOs. Among 81 percent of such alliances, a symbiotic rela-tionship exists. MTCOs control gangs in 15 percent of these alliances.

Intelligence indicates that street gangs in the United States most commonly collaboratewith Los Zetas and the Sinaloa Cartel. 14

Gangs cooperate with MTCOs primarily in drug smuggling activities, as drugs provide the pri-mary source of revenue for US-based gangs while MTCOs control most of the cocaine, heroin,methamphetamine, and marijuana traf cked from Mexico into the United States. Accordingly,most US-based gangs are involved in the street-level distribution of drugs, as well as in thewholesale, transportation and, in some cases, manufacturing of drugs. While largely based inMexico, MTCOs rely on US-based gangs to distribute drugs to US communities, which allowsMTCOs to amass enormous pro ts without putting their operations at risk.

• MTCOs partner with more than 100,000documented street gang members in Chi-cago to advance their criminal activities. 15

According to March 2013 open sourcereporting, the increased violence in Chi-cago is attributable to MTCOs competingfor control over Chicago’s drug market bysupplying rival gangs, which are subse-

quently competing over street level drugsales and territory. Battles for control overmarijuana, cocaine, and heroin distributionamongst Los Zetas and Sinaloa Cartelsand their violent street gang counterpartshave escalated in recent years. 16

Figure 9: Photo of OMG Back Patches


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2013 National Gang ReportGangs, Drug Traf cking Organizations, and Organized Crime Syndicates

• According to 2013 law enforcement reports, the Colville Indian Reservation in Washington – due to its close proximity to Canada – experiences a constant ow of drug traf ckingthroughout the reservation. TCOs transport cocaine, marijuana, and methamphetaminenorth and south through the region with the assistance of Hispanic gangs and OMGssuch as the Bandidos. 17

Major Mexican TCOs and their Links with US-based Gangs

Mexican TCOs US-Based Gangs

Los Zetas ABT ALKQN Bandidos MCBloodsCripsEmeEmiHPLLa Raza XIV Latin KingsMara Salvatrucha (MS-13)NorteñosSureñosTS

Gulf Cartel ALKQN BloodsChicano Brothers

CripsEmiHPLMS-13PRMRaza Unida TCBTS

Sinaloa Cartel ALKQN Brown PrideBorder BrothersEast Side BloodsEast Side LocosEast Side TorranceEmeHollywoodMaryvale Gangster CripsMidvale Park Blood GangMS-13SureñosTango BlastUnited Blood Nation (UBN)

Varrio Locos 13Vista Home Boys

La Familia Michoacán ALKQN CripsEmeLos CholosMurder IncMS-13North Side BrosSureñosTango Blast

Arellano-Felix Cartel ALKQN Border BrothersCorona Varrio LocosEmeFlorencia 13Logan Heights GangSnakeheadsSureños

Juarez Cartel (VCF Organization) ALKQN BA

HPL

The above table provides a snapshot view – not an exhaustive representation - of partnerships cur -rently in place between US-based gangs and MTCOs. Partnerships listed herein represent intelligenceobtained from NGIC sources and data retrieved from survey responses.


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2013 National Gang ReportGangs, Drug Traf cking Organizations, and Organized Crime Syndicates

Gang Migration

Survey results and NGIC analysis indicate that street gangs migrate largely to attain domi-nance in the drug trade and in search of legitimate employment to supplement their illicitrevenue. When street gangs migrate, they often wander into territories already claimed byindigenous gangs, which creates “turf wars” or con ict that ultimately increases violence inthat area.

According to law enforcement reports from multiple jurisdictions, migratory street gangs withnational connections partake in recruiting, organizing, and assuming control of local streetgangs. By absorbing local gangs, national gangs increase their membership numbers andeliminate competition in illicit operations such as drug traf cking.

Gangs and Collaboration

Intelligence set forth by law enforcement denotes an increase in collaboration between rivalgangs for the purposes of mutual pro t.

Accordingly, 49 percent of survey respondents indicate the formation of alliances be-tween rival gangs in their jurisdictions; 77 percent claim that the purpose for these newalliances is mutual pro t.

Gangs and Organized Crime Syndicates

Some OMGs and street gangs collaborate with African, Asian, Caribbean, Eurasian, Italian,and Russian crime syndicates. As with their partnerships with MTCOs, US-based gangs teamwith organized crime groups in the commission of such street crimes as extortion, enforce -ment, debt collection, and money laundering.

• In November 2012, three individuals with ties to the Demon Knights MC, a Hells Angelssupport clubvi, the Westies street gang, and the Gambino Organized Crime Family wereindicted on extortion charges for threatening a man in Queens, New York, after he failedto repay a $50,000 loan. 18

Based on survey responses, partnerships between gangs and organized crime syndicates oc -cur across multiple jurisdictions: 67 jurisdictions claim gangs align with Caribbean, Dominican,Haitian, and Jamaican organized crime groups; 44 jurisdictions claim gangs align with Asianorganized crime groups; and 22 jurisdictions claim gangs align with Russian organized crimegroups.

vi Puppet or support clubs are motorcycle clubs that have ormed an alliance with a larger more prominentOMG such as the Hells Angels or Bandidos MCs. Te puppet club will take orders rom the larger OMG on any-thing rom criminal activities to providing security or various motorcycle club events.


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Gangs and Financial Crimes

Gangs continue to diversify their criminal activities. Survey results reveal gang involvementin nancial crimes to include: credit card fraud, insurance fraud, mortgage fraud, tax fraud,counterfeiting, fencing stolen goods, identity theft, and money laundering. Law enforcementof cials in multiple jurisdictions nationwide report that gangs direct recruitment efforts towardmembers who possess skills and knowledge necessary to carry out nancial crimes.

Survey respondents report gang involvement in credit card fraud (124 jurisdictions),mortgage fraud (48 jurisdictions), counterfeiting (163 jurisdictions), fencing (240 juris-dictions), identity theft (187 jurisdictions), and money laundering (184 jurisdictions).

Survey respondents in 35 jurisdictions and 18 states, including Arizona, California,Florida, Michigan, New York, Texas, and Virginia report that gangs commit counterfeit -ing, bank fraud, check fraud, identity theft, fencing, and money laundering to generatea low-risk source of income.

• According to survey reporting, gangs in Tacoma, Washington, nance their criminal op -erations through organized retail theft, credit card fraud, check fraud, identity theft, andforgery.

• According to 2012 open source reporting, more than 600 fraudulent tax returns worthapproximately $2.5 million were led for Blood gang members and other individuals inColumbia, South Carolina, in 2011. 19, 20

• In December 2012, members of the Baby Insane Crips stole social security numbersand other personal identifying information, falsi ed tax returns, and funneled the refundsthrough family members. The money was used to purchase guns, cars, and electronics. 21Similarly, gang members in Miami, Florida, attached fraudulent income tax returns on togift cards to spend the cash quickly. 22

Lucrative and dif cult to detect, nancial crimes pair a high-pro t reward with a low-risk bene tthat appeals to gangs. Therefore, nancial crime opportunities often encourage the collabora -tion of gangs and other criminal enterprises for mutual pro t.

Counterfeiting provides an attractive low-risk income source for many gangs on the street andin prison. Gangs can generate large pro ts by producing or selling counterfeit goods like cur -rency, designer clothing, purses, music, movies, cigarettes, and medication. Such counterfeitactivities can earn gang members as much money as drug traf cking without the violence anddanger associated with drug traf cking. Gang members i nvolved in counterfeiting also faceminimal risk of detection or prosecution, since many law enforcement agencies consider coun-terfeiting cases to be a low priority.

• Multiple law enforcement agencies claimthat members of at least 24 gangs includ-ing the Bloods, Crips, Florencia 13, LatinKings, MS-13, 18th Street, Sureños, ViceLords, and OMGs in nine states havedistributed or sold counterfeit goods likedesigner clothes, shoes, purses, jewelry,cosmetics, DVDs, electronics, medicine,cigarettes, credit cards, and checks. 23

Gangs use legitimate businesses as “front com -panies” to hide illicit proceeds generated fromcriminal activities such as drug traf cking andprostitution. Common businesses used includebeauty salons, auto repair shops, medical of-

ces, and music shops. NGIC intelligence sug -gests that in these ventures, some gangs usereloadable prepaid debit cards to secure cashadvances or to wire illicit proceeds, particularlyinside prison.

Financial crime is also pro table for gangs inside correctional facilities. Prison gangs commitnancial crimes such as counterfeiting, credit card f raud, tax fraud, and money laundering.

Limited knowledge about prison gangs’ involvement in nancial crimes and the protected sta -tus of legal mail often hinders correctional authorities from detecting, deterring, or disruptingthe activity.

NGIC analysis suggests gangs are engaging in more sophisticated criminal operations. Forexample, the Felony Lane Gang (FLG), which is an organized burglary and identity theft ring,is active in at least 23 states. The FLG travels to commit smash-and-grab type burglaries ofmotor vehicles to steal driver licenses, social security cards, credit cards, and checkbooksfrom unattended cars and then uses the stolen property to make fraudulent banking transac-tions.

• Police in Naperville, Illinois, suspect the FLG is responsible for more than 60 smash-and-grab burglaries since August 2010. The gang primarily targets women who leave pursesin their vehicles at locations such as tness centers, parks, and daycare centers. 24

Types of Counterfeit/ Pirated GoodsProduced or Sold by Gangs

Cell phones, SmartphonesCigarettesCredit CardsChecks/Traveler’s checksCouponsCurrencyDesigner clothing, shoes, pursesDesigner sunglassesDog foodIdenti cation Makeup, perfumeMusic CDs, Movie DVDsPrescription medicationTicketsToysVehicle Parts

Source: FBI and multiple law enforcementreporting


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Gangs and Technology

NGIC ndings suggest gangs embrace new and advanced technology in order to communi -cate discreetly, locate and establish targets, intimidate rivals, facilitate criminal activity, en-hance criminal operations, and to monitor law enforcement. This is accomplished by gangsexploiting popular social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube.

Approximately 54 percent of survey respondents report gangs in their jurisdiction usethe Internet to recruit, intimidate, or cyber bully; and commit such cyber crimes asidentity theft, computer hacking, and phishing. Recruitment and intimidation ranked asthe most common online gang activities, representing 58 percent and 44 percent of allcriminal activities, respectively.

Gang members routinely utilize socialnetworking sites to enhance their crimi-nal operations by showcasing illegalexploits; monitoring law enforcementand rivals; and exposing informants.The Internet is also a tool gangs useto facilitate criminal activity such asdrug traf cking, extortion, identity theft,money laundering, and prostitution.Social media provides gangs with a plat-form to recruit new members, intimidaterivals, and promulgate their gang life toa larger audience.

• Survey results indicate gangs in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, use social networkingsites to post videos of initiations and assaults, as well as photos of their drugs, guns, as-sociates, and conspirators.

NGIC analysis shows gang members and drug traf ckers exploit such technologies as VoIP,PlayStation and Xbox, Global Positioning System (GPS) units, and devices that disguisetelephone numbers; all of which allow gang members to communicate discreetly and conduct

crimes with little possibility of law enforcement interference.Gang members also employ technology to monitor, target, and conduct counter-surveillanceof law enforcement. Utilizing such tools as the Internet, smartphones, and GPS devices, gangmembers can identify, locate, and disrupt law enforcement operations.

Gang Members’ Employment in GovernmentInstitutions

Military

Gang employment in law enforcement agencies, correctional facilities, judiciary or courts, andthe US military threatens national security and thwarts law enforcement efforts to combat gangcrimes.

Survey reporting indicates law enforcement of cials in 59 jurisdictions claimed thatknown or suspected gang members have applied for positions or gained employmentwithin the ranks of the military, law enforcement, corrections, and judiciary/courts. Of

those incidents, the US military was identi ed most with 43 percent; followed by cor -rections at 35 percent; law enforcement 15 percent; and judiciary/courts at 7 percent.

NGIC intelligence and multiple l aw enforcement reports indicate nearly every major streetgang, some prison gangs, and various OMGs have representation on domestic and interna-tional US military installations. Gangs identi ed with military-trained members include: theBloods, Crips, Folk Nation, Gangster Disciples, Latin Kings, MS-13, Sureños, AB, Bandidos,HAMC, Outlaws, Pagans, and Vagos MCs. By means of transfers and deployment, military-af liated gang members extend their operations and thereby potentially undermine security atmilitary installations; some OMG support clubs, for example, utilize active duty personnel toexpand OMG presence to other regions.

• As of June 2013, the NGIC identi ed at least 60 gangs whose members or associateshave been either enlisted or have attempted to gain employment in the military or vari-ous government agencies. Of these gangs, 54 had members who served in the military orwho were otherwise af liated with t he military.

• 2013 survey results show 16 law enforcement agencies reported that, in areas within oradjacent to their jurisdictions, a gang presence exists on military installations.

• Law enforcement of cials in 38 jurisdictions report that the Black P Stones, Bloods, Crips,Gangster Disciples, DMI, Latin Kings, Sureños, and OMG groups such as the Bandidos,HAMC, Pagans, Untamed Rebels, Vagos, Warlocks, and Wolf Pack MCs are encourag -ing members without criminal records to enlist in the military to obtain weapons expertise,combat training, or access to sensitive information.

Gang members in the military engage in a host of criminal activities both on and off militaryinstallations. Gang members in the military, like their civilian counterparts, commit crimes, toinclude: drug traf cking, assaults, threats, intimidation, weapons traf cking, robberies, thefts,burglaries, fencing stolen goods, vandalism, and homicides.

Voxer Application

Voxer is a social networking application thatworks like a walkie-talkie through a push-to-talkfunction, allowing users to listen to messages inreal time or later. Available on the iOS and An-droid platforms to download and use for free on3G or wireless networks, it additionally supportsgroup chat, and lets users send text, photos,and broadcast their location.Source: Voxer Ap-plication Digital Business Consultancy; avail-able at http://digitalbusinessconsultancy.com


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2013 National Gang ReportGang Members’ Employment in Government Institutions

• According to February 2013 open source reporting, a Fort Carson soldier who was also aSin City Disciples MC member, was convicted in the shooting death of a man outside ofthe Sin City Disciples’ clubhouse in Colorado Springs. 25

The Military Criminal Investigative Organizations (MCIO) - the Army Criminal InvestigationCommand (CID), Air Force Of ce of Special Investigations (AFOSI), and Naval CriminalInvestigative Service (NCIS) - have identi ed military personnel with gang membership oraf liation in every branch of the US Armed Forces; however, their presence does not appearto be widespread or organized. The CID, AFOSI, and NCIS report that less than 1 percent offelony investigations conducted in scal year 2011 involved gang members and their associ -ates. Despite the low rate of gang-related activity observed by the MCIOs on DOD installa-tions, the threat of gang members joining the military to gain combat-related skills to enabletheir criminal conduct is too serious to discount. Countering this potential threat requires con -sistent training, surveillance, and information sharing. The MCIOs encourage federal, state,and local law enforcement agencies to report information concerning military personnel intheir communities who have suspected gang af liations. DOD Instruction 1325.06 designatesextremist group or gang participation as prohibited activities for US Armed Forces personneland provides commanders the authority to take administrative and disciplinary actions for thatparticipation. In short, commanders are not required to wait until a crime occurs; they can takeaction based solely on evidence of active participation in a gang.

Gang information can be reported to the MCIOs through the these methods.

Law Enforcement, Corrections, Judiciary, and Courts

Street gangs, prison gangs, and OMGs all have members and associates who have eithergained or attempted to gain employment with law enforcement agencies, correctional facili-ties, and judiciary/courts across the country. Gang members and associates, who successfullygained employment in one of the aforementioned branches, typically seek to acquire training,and access to weapons and sensitive information in order to impede gang investigations. Themost common form of access occurs through non-sworn civilian positions in law enforcement.Correctional facilities are particularly vulnerable to in ltration, as corrections of cers are highlysusceptible targets for prison gang members who solicit assistance in the commission ofcrimes.

• According to April 2013 open source reporting, 13 female correctional of cers in Marylandwere indicted on federal racketeering charges for aiding in the criminal operations of theBGF prison gang members who were incarcerated in a Baltimore County jail. At least one

of cer reportedly assisted gang leaders by smuggling cell phones, alcohol, prescriptionpills, and other contraband into the facility. Two other of cers were tattooed with the nameof a BGF leader and four others were impregnated by one gang member. 26

• In August 2012, open source reporting indicated a federal court employee in Los Ange-les County, California, was charged for providing defendants, who were members of the

Armenian Power gang, with con dential court les that contained sealed indictments. 27

Table 1: Gangs with Members or Associates Who Have Been Employed with Military, LawEnforcement, Corrections, or Judiciary Agencies or Attempted Such Employment*

Gang Name Type of Gang Type of Agency18th Street Gang Street Military

Aces and Eight MC OMG Law Enforcement Armenian Power Street Judiciary Aryan Brotherhood Street Corrections, Military Asian Boyz Street Military Asian Crips Street Military Avenues Gang Street Law Enforcement, MilitaryBandidos OMG MilitaryBarrio Azteca Street Military

Black Disciples Street MilitaryBlack Guerilla Family Prison Military, CorrectionsBloods Street Corrections, Law Enforcement, MilitaryBrotherhood MC OMG MilitaryCrips Street Military

Department of Defense Instruction (DoDI) 1325.06, Handling Dissident and Protest Activi-ties among Members of the Armed Forces, was updated February 22, 2012, in an effort toeliminate and discourage membership in gangs. It describes prohibited activities and nowincludes speci c language about criminal gangs, which is in bold font below. It states mili -tary personnel must not actively advocate supremacist, extremist, or criminal gang doctrine,ideology. Military personnel must reject active participation in criminal gangs and in otherorganizations that advocate supremacist, extremist, or criminal gang doctrine, ideology, orcauses. Active participation in such gangs or organizations is prohibited. Active participationincludes, but is not limited to, fundraising; demonstrating or rallying; recruiting, training, orga-nizing, or leading members; distributing material (including posting online); knowingly wear -ing gang colors or clothing; having tattoos or body markings associated with such gangs ororganizations; or otherwise engaging in activities in furtherance of the objective of such gangsor organiza-tions that are detrimental t o good order, discipline, or mission accomplishment orare incompat-ible with military service.US DOD; available at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/ins1.html.

• AFOSI: Email - [email protected]• CID: Email - [email protected]• NCIS: 1-877-579-3648 or go to http://www.ncis.navy.mil/ContactUs/Pages/ReportaCrime.aspx to access the NCIS Report Crime page, navigate to the text, web, or Smartphone appicons, and select a method for submitting a tip.


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2013 National Gang ReportGang Members’ Employment in Government Institutions

Gang Name Type of Gang Type of AgencyDevil’s Disciples OMG MilitaryDiablos MC OMG Law EnforcementEast Side Longos Street MilitaryFlorencia 13 Street MilitaryFresno Bulldogs Street MilitaryGangster Disciples Street Law Enforcement, MilitaryGeorgia Boys (Folk Nation) Street MilitaryHaitian Mob Street MilitaryHells Angels OMG Law Enforcement, MilitaryIron Horsemen OMG MilitaryKorean Dragon Family Street Military

Latin Kings Street Law Enforcement, MilitaryLegion of Doom MC OMG MilitaryLife is War Street MilitaryLos Zetas Street MilitaryManiac Latin Disciples Street MilitaryMexican Ma a (Eme) Prison Corrections**Mexican Posse 13 Street MilitaryMilitary Mis ts OMG MilitaryMolochs MC OMG MilitaryMongols OMG MilitaryMS-13 Street MilitaryNazi Low Riders Street CorrectionsNorteños Street MilitaryNorthern Structure Prison Corrections**Outlaws MC OMG MilitaryPagans MC OMG MilitaryPeckerwoods Street MilitaryPaso Robles Street CorrectionsRed Devils MC OMG Military

Simon City Royals Street MilitarySin City Disciples MC OMG Military

Gang Name Type of Gang Type of AgencySons of Hell MC OMG MilitarySons of Samoa Street MilitarySouthside Locos Street MilitarySureños Street MilitaryTango Blast Street MilitaryTexas Syndicate Prison MilitaryTiny Rascal Gangsters Street MilitaryUnited Blood Nation Street MilitaryVagos OMG Corrections, MilitaryVatos Locos Street MilitaryVice Lords Street Law Enforcement, Military

Wah Ching Gang Street MilitaryWarlocks OMG Military

*This table represents employment or attempted employment by gang members within governmentinstitutions. The type of employment is not explored. As such, employment can range from janitorial toadministrative/clerical to sworn of cer status.

**Represents instances in which a suspected gang associate (or spouse) was employed by the agen -cies.


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2013 National Gang ReportGangs, Weapons, and Explosives

By reports of NGIC and multi ple law enforcement accounts, some gang m embers speci callytarget law enforcement of cials and mi litary personnel and facilities for high-powered assaultri es and submachine guns, ammunition, body armor, and explosives. Gang members armedwith high-powered weapons and military gear continue to pose a serious threat to the com-munities and law enforcement, as they may be more likely to initiate or engage in potentiallydeadly confrontations with police, according to NGIC analysis.

Respondents in 61 jurisdictions reported gangs in their region acquire weapons bytheft from law enforcement of cers, and respondents in 32 jurisdictions reported thatgangs in their region obtain weapons from military personnel or facilities.

Table 3: Number of Firearms Recovered by Gang – Top 10 Listed vii viii

Gang 2011 2012 TotalBloods vii 577 543 1,120Crips 456 415 871Gangster Disciples 342 430 772Vice Lords Nation 259 252 511Sureños 218 205 423Latin Kings 169 107 276Norteños 93 115 208Black P Stone Nation 90 113 203Black Disciples 37 42 79NGI viii 385 280 665Total (minus NGIs) 2,241 2,222 4,463Source: Bureau of ATF, Violent Crime Analysis Branch

Explosives

In accordance with multiple law enforcement reports, several gang members have been foundin possession of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), destructive devices, or componentsof these devices. ix The threat of IEDs and other explosives posed by street gangs, however,remains minimal in the United States, but appears to be higher in Mexico, and i n Central andSouth America, according to open source reporting. 28

vii It should be noted, or simplicity o this report, all gangs identi ying with the Bloods were compiled into oneorganization; thus, Bloods gangs will include original West Coast Bloods, Pirus, Swans, Bishops, Brims, and anystreet or prison gang that originated with the UBN organization or its off-shoots.

viii Te acronym NGI re ers to No Gang In ormation provided, or that the gang was unidentiable by the recov-ering law en orcement agency during the trace process.

ix For purposes o this report, destructive devices include, but are not limited to, pipe bombs, explosive compo-nents, grenades, inert grenades, and stolen military munitions.

NGIC analysis indicates that these incidents could ultimately encourage US-based cliques,gangs, and criminal and extremist groups t o acquire or manufacture IEDs.

Law enforcement of cials in eight jurisdictions, including those in Arizona, Indiana,Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Washington report at least oneincident in which gang members or associates were found in possession of destructivedevices.

Figure 10: Examples of Destructive Devices

Law enforcement intelligence reveals gang members in some jurisdictions acquire andillegally manufacture explosive devices, as well as trade and barter explosives forgoods and services. In several instances, gang members have been found in posses-sion of military explosive hardware and ammunition, according to law enforcementreporting.

• According to the DOJ, US Attorney’s Of ce, Eastern District of Missouri, in July 2012, amember of the WOS M C was convicted on federal racketeering charges for conspiring tocommit arson with another WOS member and for manufacturing several pipe bombs for


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use against rival motorcycle clubs. 29

Gangs in Educational Facilities

Gangs maintain a signi cant presence ineducational facilities at every level – elemen-tary, middle school/junior high, high school,and college campuses – throughout the UnitedStates. Accordingly, underage gang memberspose serious issues for educators, law en-forcement, and youth-service professionals, asstreet gang members carry criminal behaviorinto the schools they attend.

Gangs in Public Schools

Public schools – at the elementary, junior high and high school levels – provide fertile groundfor gang recruitment

• According to a 2010 study conducted by the Of ce of Juvenile Justice and DelinquencyPrevention, 45 percent of high school students assert that gangs are present in theirschools while 35 percent of middle-school students report gangs presence in theirschools. 30

Due to gang prevalence in educational facilities, many communities nd criminal operationsconducted by gangs occur either on school yards or immediately proximal to school grounds. 31

Accordingly, law enforcement reports and academic studies suggest a strong correlation ex-ists between gang presence and crime levels in schools. 32 Drugs and weapons offenses arethe most common crimes gangs commit on school properties. Some research suggests thatthe likelihood of violence more than doubles in educational facilities that have a gang pres-ence. 33

Approximately 80 percent of survey respondents indicate gangs are present in thepublic school systems within their jurisdictions, with 54 percent reporting that g angs intheir school system pose a moderate or serious threat.

While gangs most commonly recruit from junior high schools – grades seven and eight speci -cally – some gangs direct recruitment efforts toward elementary schools.

• According to survey reporting, law enforcement in 14 jurisdictions report that gangs arerecruiting children in the third grade. Of cials in Anderson, Indiana, and Chester eld,Virginia, report that gangs are recruiting children in the second grade. Of cials in Gulfport,

Mississippi; Paterson, New Jersey; andSeattle, Washington, all report that gangsare recruiting rst grade children.

• According to March 2013 open source re-porting, some public grade schools in NewYork City are rampant with gangs, weap-ons, prostitution, and violence. Gangs arereportedly so prevalent at a junior highschool in Queens, New York, that femalestudents often feel compelled to engagein sex acts with gang members to gainacceptance or gang membership privileges. In one instance in New York, a rearm wascon scated from a second grade student at an elementary school. 34

Gangs on College CampusesGang presence on college campuses increases both crime and academic failure rates andthereby presents a signi cant concern for educators, students, and law enforcement of cials. 35

Open source and law enforcement reports indicate gang members gravitate toward collegesto escape gang life, to join athletic programs, or to acquire skill sets for their gang. 36 Some in-vestigators believe that gang members may disguise themselves as college students so theycan run criminal operations on campus with minimal detection. Such gangs as the Bloods,Crips, Gangster Disciples, MS-13, 18th Street, Vice Lords, and the Skinheads have beenreported on a number of college campuses and reportedly commit crimes to include: drugdistribution, assaults, weapons offenses, and robberies. 37 x

• A 2012 survey conducted by the Austin Peay State University in Tennessee found thatsuspected gang members were responsible for 10 percent of campus crime. Nearly two-thirds of respondents reported that approximately 10 percent of students on campus wereactive gang members. 38 The same study suggests that leaders of organized gangs recruitfrom colleges and send their members to institutions of higher education to learn skillsconducive to the commission of complex crimes – like mortgage fraud, cyber crime, andidentity theft – in furtherance of gang objectives. 39

Criminal activity and violence on or near college campuses occur in conjunction with gangassimilation on campus, which creates a concern f or public safety of cials, educators, andadministrative authorities. Accordingly, multiple law enforcement reports and open sourceaccounts indicate that gangs are responsible for numerous assaults, shootings, robberies,carjackings, drug crimes, and weapons offenses on college campuses in California, Maine,Maryland, and Texas.

• Open source documents show that in June 2013, three suspected members of the Sotel13 gang in West Los Angeles were arrested in connection with the shooting death of rivalgang members near Santa Monica College. One of the victims was reported to have at-

x Some o this reporting originated rom students at the campus and was not veried by authorities.


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Gangs in Educational Facilities

tended the college. 40

• March 2013 open source reports further indicate that a gang-related shooting occurrednear the campus of Kilgore College in Texas, which was the continuation of a ght t hatoccurred on campus earlier that day. 41

Gang members who join sports teams in school to escape gang life often retreat back to thegangster lifestyle once they reach college.

• A 2011 DOJ study conducted by researchers at Arizona State University cited that nearly20 percent of the 87 police chiefs surveyed claimed to know an athlete who retained gangmembership while in college. Researchers further found a strong link between gangs andsports due to the fact that universities do not typically conduct background checks on the

athletic recruits; the tie between gangs and sports could also exist because gangs oftenrecruit college athletes as a result of their visibility and prestige. 42

Female Roles in Gangs and Female Gangs

Female Roles in Gangs

Female gang members typically supportedmale gang members by serving as couriers ormules for drugs, weapons, and other contra-band; gathering intelligence for the gang; pro-viding alibis for gang members or serving as

lookouts; providing transportation, lodging andsex for gang members; and facilitating commu-nication between incarcerated gang members.Today, females play an integral role in gangs.

According to survey reporting, law enforce-ment of cials in 111 jurisdictions nation -wide (27 percent) report a presence offemale gang members in their jurisdiction.Law enforcement in at least nine states,including Alabama, Arizona, California,Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Jersey,Virginia, and Washington report that femalegang members in their jurisdiction eitherhold the same status as male members or have formed their own sets.

Females are increasingly taking more active roles in gangs to include: serving as soldiers andco-conspirators, assisting with drug transactions, acting as decoys, initiati ng ghts, provid -ing stash houses for drugs and fugiti ve members, acquiring weapons and weapons permits,recruiting other females for membership and prostitution, working as prostitutes, and actingas leaders while their signi cant other is incarcerated. Some investigators estimate at least 10percent of gang members nationally are females, with some recruited as young as age eight

into the gang.43

• 2013 NGIC reports indicate that female FLG members are acting as co-conspirators insmash-and-grab burglaries and identity theft operations in at least 23 states. Female FLGmembers may drive the car to the location where vehicle burglaries are committed, forpersonal identifying information, and then use the stolen identity to withdraw money fromthe victim’s accounts and to conduct other fraudulent banking transactions.

• Open source documents reveal that in November 2012, a female gang member in Los Angeles was charged with attempted murder, murder, and vandalism for her role in the


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2013 National Gang ReportFemale Roles in Gangs and Female Gangs

fatal shooting of a church deacon when he and others tried to stop her from vandalizingthe church. 44

Female Gangs

Law enforcement of cials in Alabama, California, and New York claim that f emale gang mem -bers in their jurisdictions are forming their own sets and committing violent crimes comparableto those committed by male counterparts. According to open source reporting, female gangsand crews are on the rise throughout New York City housing projects in Brooklyn, the Bronx,and sections of Manhattan, including Harlem. 45

• In December 2012, federal authorities arrested 40 members of the Bronx Trinitarios gang,which included the leader of t he all-female faction called “Bad Barbies,” and chargedthem with nine murders and 24 attempted murders, according to open source reporting.The female leader of the gang, who was charged in connection with the shooting deathof a rival gang member in 2005, is one of at least 100 women who run the Bronx Trini-tarios.46

Gangs consistently take advantage of the perceived ability of females to attract less suspicionwhile in the commission of illegal activities. In many instances, for example, wives, daughters,girlfriends, or sisters of incarcerated gang members assume leadership positions when a gangleader is incarcerated. This is due, in part, because the incarcerated male leader appoints thefemale to oversee the gang during his absence.

• According to 2012 US Attorney’s Of ce reporting, the daughter of an Eme member as -sumed control of a Sureño gang faction in south Los Angeles under the direction of herfather while he was incarcerated in Pelican Bay State Prison. 47

Gangs, Prostitution, and Human Traf cking

Prostitution and the sexual exploitation of juveniles provide a major source of income formany gangs. NGIC and multiple law enforce-ment agency reports indicate that some gangsexploit females and juveniles through prostitu-tion and human traf cking. Some prison, streetand OMGs, which historically pro t mostly fromdrug distribution, appear to be diversifying theirincome through crimes like prostitution andhuman traf cking. The NGIC has identi ed atleast 25 gangs whose members are involved inprostitution or human traf cking operations.

At least 244 NGIC law enforcement partnersreported that gangs in their jurisdiction areinvolved in prostitution or juvenile prostitu-tion, 88 of which reported that the problemwas moderate or severe. Respondents in51 jurisdictions reported that gangs in theirregion are involved in human traf cking.

Prostitution

Gang members often operate as pimps, luring or forcing at-risk, runaway, or medically-im-paired females into prostitution and controlling them through violence, psychological abuse,or drugs and alcohol. Additionally, gang members in several jurisdictions target juveniles asyoung as age 12 for prostitution. The female victims are sold for sex for as l ittle as $50 to up-wards of several thousands of dollars.

• An ABT member in San Antonio was arrested for luring a 16-year-old boy into prostitutionallegedly as part of a gang initiation; according to July 2013 open source reporting. 48

Victims are often recruited for prostitution at detention centers, public housing units, shoppingmalls, schools, sporting events, and through telephone chat lines and social networking sites.Gang members and pimps use the Internet to recruit, advertise, and exploit their victims. xi Some authorities suggest that gangs are involved in Internet prostitution because of the

xi For years, gang members used Internet websites to advertise the sale o their victims. However, recentlyseveral Internet sites including Craigslist have eliminated their erotic services personal advertisement sections.

Human Traf cking vs. Alien Smuggling

Human traf cking is de ned under theTraf cking Victims Protection Act stat -utes: Title 18, USC, §1584, §1589-1594.Human Traf cking: a person compelledto provide labor or services, includingsex, by force or threat of force, or byfraud or coercion. Sex Traf cking: acommercial sex act that was inducedthrough force, fraud, or coer-cion, or acommercial sex act involving a personunder the age of 18. Sex traf ckingrequires evidence of affecting interstatecommerce. Alien Smuggling: the inten-tional transportation of undocumentedindividuals over an international border.Source: FBI


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2013 National Gang ReportGangs, Prostitution, and Human Traf cking

potentially lucrative pro ts to be gained in addition to the convenience of cyberspace and itsanonymity, which often makes online prostitution dif cult for authorities to detect. The ease ofInternet advertising and the use of smartphones have also afforded gangs a larger clienteleand recruitment base.

• Young girls in San Antonio are be-ing lured into prostitution by gangmembers who stalk them on socialmedia websites such as Facebookand Instagram, according to Sep-tember 2012 open source reporting.Gang members can reportedly earnhundreds of thousands of dollarsfor each girl, some of whom are asyoung as 12 years old. 49

• In September 2012, the leader ofthe Underground Gangster Cripsstreet gang was sentenced to 40years in prison for operating a juve-nile prostitution and sex traf ckingenterprise in Fairfax County, Virgin-ia. The victims, which included at least eight juvenile girls ages 16 to 17, were recruited atarea high schools and on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace. 50

As observed with traditional pimps, gangs involved in prostitution employ control techniquesto include: the use of drugs, violence, sexual assault, branding, and manipulation of victimsto commit other crimes in furtherance of the gang. Gang members provide security, transportvictims to dates, and schedule appointments. They also exploit victims for free sex. Juvenilevictims, some of whom are female gang members or associates, may be forced to advertisefor the business, solicit customers, schedule appointments, and collect money for the gang.

• In September 2012, an MS-13 gang leader in Montgomery County, Maryland, wascharged with operating a juvenile prostitution ring comprised of young girls. Membersof the Pinos Locos Salvatrucha clique provided young runaways – some younger than13 – with alcohol and drugs to make them more willing to engage in sex acts for money.Co-conspirators and fellow MS-13 members were permitted to have sex with the girls freeof charge. 51

Human & Sex Traf cking

Street gangs and OMGs have expanded their criminal scope into human traf cking due tothe potential for high, renewable pro ts and the low risk of detection. Gangs recruit victimsthrough false promises of wealth and affection, yet compel the services of their victims throughmeans of force. Victims forced into human traf cking are reluctant to report their circumstanc -es to law enforcement for a variety of reasons including immigration status, nancial instability,fear, and intimidation.

• According to August 2012 FBI reporting,eight members of the Rolling 60’s Crips,including four women, were indicted oncharges related to the sex traf cking ofseven teenage girls who were recruitedand groomed to work as prostitutesacross southern California. According tothe indictment, the gang members usedphysical force, threats of force, fraud, andcoercion to compel the victims to engagein commercial sex acts. 52

Gangs Involved in Prostitution& Human Traf cking

• AB • Bandidos MC • BA • BGD • Bloods • Brown Pride • Crips • Da Mob • DMI • Florencia 13• Folk Nation • Gangster Disciples • HAMC • Houstone • Latin Kings • MS-13 • MexicanMa a • Norteños • Omens MC • Sons of Silence MC

• South Side Locos • Starz Up • Sureños • TB • TS • Vice Lords • 18th Street

*The above list contains only documented report-ing over the last several years of gang involve-ment in prostitution and human traf cking.

New Study Reveals Gang Nexusto Sex Traf cking Cases

A 2013 study conducted by Portland StateUniversity found that 49 percent of sextraf cking cases in Portland have a gangnexus, whereby victims have been exploit-ed by gang members, are af liated or mem -bers of the gang themselves, or are heavilyin uenced by gangs.Source: Portland StateUniversity; Commer-cial Sexual Exploitationof Children in the Portland Metro Area;5 August 2013


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Gangs and the US Border

The Southwest Border

Gangs, especially national-level Hispanic gangs, such as MS-13, the Eme, Sureños, and T B,continue to pose a signi cant threat to the Southwest border region. xii Gangs in the region exploit opportunities along the nearly 2,000 miles of contiguous US-Mex-ico territory to engage in a multitude of crimes, including drug-related crimes, weapons traf-

cking, alien smuggling, human traf cking, prostitution, extortion, robbery, auto theft, assault,homicide, racketeering, and money laundering. Of these offenses, drug-related crimes – suchas production, smuggling, traf cking, and distribution – are the most widely reported criminalacts committed by gangs of all types. Alien smuggling is the second most prevalent crime that

gangs commit in the region, based on CBP reporting.• In September 2013, a known m ember of the Okie Town gang in Arizona was arrested,

along with an accomplice, for attempting to smuggle two Mexican nationals into theUnited States. One of the Mexican nationals had prior drug convictions. 53

Immigration violations also present a signi cant challenge to law enforcement in the region.In many cases, gang members who commit criminal activity in the region are not US citizensnor lawful permanent residents. Once deported, gang members attempt to reenter the UnitedStates illegally in order to rejoin the gang and engage in criminal activity.

• CBP survey respondents indicate in some southwest border sectors, the percentage ofnon-US citizen gang members was as high as 80 percent. 54

• Over the past year, law enforcement interdicted more than 175 previously deported gangmembers attempting to reenter the United States through either California or Texas, ac-cording to CBP data. 55

• An August 2013 news article reported that Dilbert Coreas of West Palm Beach, Florida,faces up to 20 years in prison after pleading guilty to illegal reentry after deportation.Coreas, a purported MS-13 gang member, was deported for prior crimes and was recent-ly observed back in the United States by Palm Beach County Sheriff’s detectives, basedon photos posted online. 56

xii Te US Southwest border region is comprised o Cali ornia, Arizona, New Mexico, and exas.

The Northern Border

The gang population of the US northern border region is more diverse than that of the south-west border, based on CBP survey data. Approximately 77 percent of sectors in the regionexperience a signi cant threat from multiple gang types, including street and prison gangs,and OMGs. The northern border region also cites the prominence of several lesser known,racially or geographically based gangs. For example, multiple sectors in the region reporteda signi cant presence of Somali gangs, such as the True Somali Blood and Somali Hot Boyz;Caribbean gangs, including the Zoe Pound Gang and the Jamaican Posse; or Asian gangs,speci cally the Asian Boyz. 57

OMGs remain the most signi cant threat in the region and are consistently listed as the mostprominent gang type. Based on CBP survey data, approximately 85 percent of sectors in theregion list at least one OMG as prominent in their AOR, most frequently citing the HAMC, Ban -didos, or Outlaws OMGs. Some sectors also report a signi cant threat from puppet clubs. Of -

ten these puppet clubs have an established presence in or connection with Canada, enablingthem to easily commit cross-border crimes. These connections also encourage members toattempt to cross the border to attend events, often transporting drugs and weapons with them.Despite the international nature of many of the OMGs and other gangs in the region, thereare very few reports of previously deported gang members attempting to re-enter the UnitedStates through the northern border. 58

• According to law enforcement reporting, the Bacchus OMG is a HAMC puppet club inCanada that uses regional ties t o traf c marijuana, cocaine, and prescription drugs be -tween Canada and the northeastern United States. 59


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Gangs and Extremist Groups

Gang members often associate and collabo-rate with domestic extremist groups. At times,they adopt the ideology and tactics of thosegroups, according to law enforcement andFBI reporting. Gangs offer a desirable pool ofpotential recruits for extremist or separatistgroups, and conversely, in some instances,an extremist group serves as a recruiting poolfor gangs. In many jurisdictions, gangs andextremist groups have a symbiotic relation-ship and work together to mutually pro t fromcriminal activities.

Law enforcement of cials in 60 jurisdictions (18 percent) report that gangs in their jurisdiction either associate or cooperate with an extremist group, according to surveyreporting. Law enforcement of cials in 30 jurisdictions (9 percent) report that gangsand extremist groups in their regions work together to mutually pro t from criminalactivities.

Some black seperatist extremist (BSE) groups such as the New Black Panther Party (NBPP)and the Nation of Islam (NOI), have members who are current or former gang members whomaintain connectivity to their gang upon joining the BSE group. Gangs and BSE groups maycollaborate or form alliances for the purpose of acquiring weapons and drugs. Many gangmembers join BSEs such as the NOI and the NBPP while in prison to secure protection fromother inmates, and maintain those ties upon their release.

• In February 2013, NOI Minister Louis Farrakhan suggested that Chicago gang memberscould serve a better purpose by training to become soldiers to help protect NOI propertyand assets, according to open source reporting. 60 xiii

Some gangs associate and collaborate with white supremacist extremist groups. Cooperationbetween the two groups may be motivated by nancial gain or promotion of the Caucasian

race.

xiii In 2005, the NOI called or Bloods and Crips in Los Angeles, Cali ornia to unite under the NOI against theUS government.

Sovereign citizen ideology appears to be growing in the prison system and represents a pos -sible emerging form of anti-government prison radicalization. Several incarcerated, validatedgang members utilize sovereign citizen tactics in attempts to be released from prison. Addi -tionally, some incarcerated gang members have attempted to misuse the Uniform Commer-cial Code (UCC)xiv based on the sovereign citizen belief that the UCC has replaced civil andcriminal law statutes.

xiv Per the US Small Business Administration, the UCC is a comprehensive set o laws governing commercialtransactions between US states and territories. Tese transactions include borrowing money, leases, contracts, andthe sale o goods. UCC is not a ederal law, but a product o the National Con erence o Commissioners on Uni-

orm State Laws and the American Law Institute. Both o these organizations are private entities that recommendthe adopting o UCC by state governments. State legislatures may either adopt UCC verbatim or may modi y it tomeet the state’s needs. Once a state’s legislature adopts and enacts UCC, it becomes a state law and is codied in thestate’s statutes. All 50 states and territories have enacted some version o UCC.

Sovereign Citizen Extremist Ideology

Sovereign ideology is based on a particular view of American history and literal interpretationof fundamental documents of Western civilization - such as the Bible; Magna Carta; Declara -tion of Independence; US Constitution; and Bill of Rights - that leads adherents to reject theirUS citizenship. “Sovereign” or “free” men and women claim to exist outside the realm of lo -cal, state, and federal authority. Sovereigns establish common law courts, and independenttribes, states, and nations. They manufacture sovereign licenses, badges, certi cates, andother credentials. They create fraudulent documents and misuse of cial government forms.They refuse to pay taxes and legitimate debts and target enemies through liens, frivolous law-suits, and on occa-sion, violence. They are involved in criminal activity such as rearms andexplosives violations, redemption schemes, and identity fraud.

Source: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; “Sovereign Citizens - A Growing Domestic Threat toLaw Enforcement;” September 2011; available at: www.fbi.gov.


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Law Enforcement Actions and Resources

Gang investigative and intelligence units and gang task forces have long been vital compo-nents in targeting gangs and have played a substantial role in mitigating gang activity in anumber of US communities. Law enforcement agencies continue to work together to combatgang violence, but budgetary constraints have affected such efforts over the past two years.

• Of those surveyed, 58 percent of respondents indicate that their respective agencieshave employees dedicated exclusively to the investigation of gang crimes. Additionally,46 percent report that they are a part of a gang task force with other law enforcementagencies. However, participation in gang task forces dropped 7 percent over the past twoyears. Most survey respondents indicate that limited budgetary or personnel resourcesare the reasons for withdrawal from the gang task force. Additionally, 25 percent of surveyrespondents stated that their budget for gang investigations has decreased over the pastthree years.

• Collaboration and coordination between federal, state, and local law enforcement agen-cies is crucial as agencies face budgetary challenges. The FBI has employed a strategyto combat violent gangs on a national level since 1993 and currently operate 163 FBIViolent Gang Safe Streets Task Forces (VGSSTFs) in the United States and Puerto Rico.

Response to the Prison Gang Threat

For more than two decades, gang suppression activities have removed violent and in uentialgang leaders from communities and have co-located them within state and federal correction-al facilities where many have continued to direct or in uence the gang’s criminal operations.They establish associations with other criminal enterprises to exploit potential pro t oppor -tunities; strategically plan to expand their sphere of in uence and control; establish evolvingcommunication networks and utilize them to facilitate their crimes. It can be anticipated thatthe next decade will witness the continuation of these activities as well as increased criminalsophistication of gang leadership and gang operating procedures that will negatively impactcommunities.

Joint Intelligence Sharing Initiative

The NGIC promotes multi-agency collaboration efforts to disrupt prison gang activity byparticipating in such information-sharing initiatives as the Joint Intelligence Sharing Initiative(JISI). JISI is a cooperative effort between the FBI and BOP to develop and share intelligencethat aids in the identi cation of criminal elements for prosecution. BOP Intelligence Of cersare embedded with a number of FBI VGSSTFs and the NGIC. The NGIC reaches a wide audi-ence by disseminating JISI information via e-mail list serve and by posting it to NGIC Online.Upon dissemination, JISI information is used by federal, state, and local partners to disruptprison gang criminal activity both in correctional facilities and on the street. In April 2013, theFBI coordinated with JISI teams in Seattle and Houston to arrest 12 individuals in an operationtargeting members of various gangs, including the Bloods, TB, and Emi, whose drugs weresupplied by MTCO cells operating in the United States.


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Outlook

Gangs will continue to vie for control of the territories they inhabit and will thereby continue toperpetrate violence and criminal activities in prisons and communities throughout the nation.

As part of their ght to dominate the streets and prison yards of the nation – gangs will likelyboost recruitment efforts to increase their membership numbers; forge new alliances to bolstertheir criminal operations; and strengthen the tactics they use to corner illicit markets – all infurtherance of their prime objectives to control as much territory and generate as much rev-enue as possible.

Gang investigators will likely see an evolution in partnerships with other criminal enterprisesas they venture further into non-traditional crimes like human traf cking and prostitution.The low-risk nature and lucrative reward of these crimes create a powerful combination thatultimately compliments gang objectives and thus guarantees that gangs will continue to seekinvolvement in these criminal operations. In a similar vein, traditional border crimes like drugsand weapons traf cking – though higher risk – are also high-pro t crimes – and becausedrugs provide the number one source of income for gangs – gangs will push forth with theirpart in border crimes. Accordingly, gangs will preserve their ties to MTCOs, as there is exibil -ity in these relationships; and perhaps more importantly, MTCOs run the drug trade that gangsrely on for their livelihood.

Prison gangs pose a signi cant threat to the United States and a unique challenge to lawenforcement due to their extreme control over street gangs and their ability to remain hiddenin their criminal operations. The nexus between street and prison gangs lies at the core of theprison gang threat because prison gangs could not function without their street counterparts.Many street gangs commit crimes at the behest of prison gangs – which ultimately means that

– through their allegiance to prison gangs – street gangs spread prison gang crimes onto thestreets and into communities nationwide. By proxy of street gangs, prison gangs thus pose agreater threat to the nation than is often perceived by the law enforcement community.

Technology will continue to enhance methods that gangs use in their operations. Effectiveadaptation and utilization of technology will allow gangs to advance their methods of commu -nication, facilitate their engagement in non-traditional crimes, and promote their expansion,collaboration, and recruitment efforts on both national and international levels. Quick andef cient communication through social media, wireless devices, and the Internet ultimatelyenables gangs to promulgate their illicit activities and expand into new areas, which align withtheir prime objectives.

Fiscal constraints will negatively impact law enforcement resources available to combat gangswithin the United States. As such, gangs that are more violent will likely receive the mostattention from law enforcement – as they pose the more immediate and more overt threat –while gangs that are less violent and perhaps more pro t oriented – will be better positionedto prosper.

Acknowledgments

The NGIC and NAGIA thank our federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement partners fortheir time and assistance in completion of this report of gang activity in the United States andUS territories.

Federal AgenciesBureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and ExplosivesDepartment of Homeland Security, Federal Protective Service PoliceDrug Enforcement AdministrationFederal Bureau of InvestigationFederal Bureau of PrisonsImmigration and Customs Enforcement-Homeland Security InvestigationsUS Air Force Of ce of Special InvestigationsUS Army Criminal Investigation CommandUS Citizenship and Immigration Services, Of ce of Investigations (Guam)US Customs and Border ProtectionUS Marshals ServiceUS Naval Criminal Investigative ServiceUS Probation Of ce

Alabama Alabama Department of CorrectionsBirmingham Police DepartmentNorthport Police DepartmentTuscaloosa County Sheriff’s Of ceWashington County Sheriff’s Of ce

Arizona Apache Junction Police Department Arizona Department of Corrections Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections Arizona Department of Public Safety Arizona DPS Gang and Immigration Intelligence Team Enforcement Mission

Arizona State Prison Complex - KingmanChandler Police DepartmentCottonwood Police DepartmentFlorence Correctional Center - Corrections Corporation of AmericaFlorence Police DepartmentMaricopa County Attorney’s Of ceMaricopa County Juvenile ProbationMaricopa County Sheriff’s Of ce


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Mesa Police DepartmentPeoria Police DepartmentPhoenix Police DepartmentSalt River Police DepartmentSuperior Court Juvenile Division Maricopa CountyTempe Police DepartmentTucson Police Department

ArkansasBenton County Sheriff’s Of ceFederal Bureau of InvestigationFranklin County Sheriff’s Of ceMaumelle Police DepartmentPine Bluff Police DepartmentRussellville Police Department

Springdale Police DepartmentCalifornia Alameda County Sheriff’s Of ceBear Valley Police DepartmentBerkeley Police DepartmentBurbank Police DepartmentButte County Probation DepartmentButte County Sheriff’s Of ceCalifornia Department of Corrections and RehabilitationCamp Pendleton Department of Defense PoliceCampbell Police DepartmentEl Cerrito Police DepartmentEl Dorado County Sheriff’s DepartmentEscondido Police DepartmentFresno County Sheriff’s Of ceValley State Prison Gang Investigations UnitGarden Grove Police DepartmentGlendale Police DepartmentImperial County Sheriff’s Of ceLos Angeles Police DepartmentLompoc Police Department

Long Beach Police DepartmentLos Angeles County Sheriff’s DepartmentMarin County ProbationMerced Police DepartmentMorgan Hill Police DepartmentMountain View Police DepartmentOxnard Police DepartmentPetaluma Police Department

Pittsburg Police DepartmentRichmond Police DepartmentRiverside County District Attorney’s Of ceRiverside County Sheriff - Gang Task ForceRohnert Park Department of Public SafetySacramento Sheriff’s DepartmentSalinas Police DepartmentSan Benito County Probation DepartmentSan Bernardino County Sheriff’s DepartmentSan Diego County District Attorney’s Of ceSan Diego County Probation DepartmentSan Diego Sheriff’s DepartmentSan Joaquin County Sheriff’s Of ceSan Luis Obispo County Sheriff’s Gang Task Force

San Luis Obispo County Sheriff’s Of ceSanta Cruz County Gang Task ForceSanta Rosa Police DepartmentShasta County Probation DepartmentSoledad Police DepartmentSonoma County Probation DepartmentSouth Lake Tahoe Police DepartmentSutter County Sheriff’s Of ceTustin Police DepartmentVisalia Police DepartmentWatsonville Police DepartmentWest Sacramento Police Department

Colorado Aurora Police DepartmentColorado Department of CorrectionsDurango Police DepartmentGreeley Police Department

ConnecticutConnecticut Department of CorrectionsCoventry Police DepartmentWestern Connecticut State University Police Department

DelawareDelaware Department of CorrectionsDelaware State Fire Marshal’s Of ceDover Police Department

District of ColumbiaUnited States Attorney’s Of ce


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Florida Alachua County Sheriff’s Of ceBrevard County Sheriff’s Of ceFlorida Department of CorrectionsFort Walton Beach Police DepartmentIndian River County Sheriff’s Of ceJuno Beach Police DepartmentManatee County Sheriff’s Of ceMiami Dade Corrections and RehabilitationMiami Police DepartmentOkaloosa County Sheriff’s Of ceSarasota County Sheriff’s Of ceSeminole County Sheriff’s Of ceSeminole Police Department

St. Lucie County Sheriff’s Of ceVolusia County Sheriff’s Of ce

Georgia Atlanta Police DepartmentDouglasville Police DepartmentGeorgia Department of CorrectionsGwinnett County Police DepartmentHall County Sheriff’s Of ceSocial Circle Department of Public SafetyTifton Police DepartmentValdosta Police Department

IowaDavenport Police Department

IdahoBoise Police Department

IllinoisChicago Police DepartmentJo Daviess County Sheriff’s Of ce

Indiana Anderson Police Department

Boone County Sheriff’s Of ceIndiana Department of Corrections, Branchville Correctional FacilityCumberland Police DepartmentFranklin City Police DepartmentGreen eld Police DepartmentIndiana Department of CorrectionsIndiana State PoliceIndianapolis Metropolitan Police Department

Lake County High Int ensity Drug Traf cking AreaPorter County Police DepartmentWarsaw Police Department

KansasKansas City, Kansas Police DepartmentLawrence Police DepartmentScranton Police Department

KentuckyBarren-Edmonson (Counties) Drug Task ForceChristian County Commonwealth’s Attorney’s Of ceFort Wright Police DepartmentHenderson County Sheriff’s Of ceHopkinsville Police DepartmentJefferson County Sheriff’s Of ceKentucky Department of CorrectionsKentucky State Police, Post 1-May eldKentucky State Police--Post 9Louisville Metropolitan Department of CorrectionsMarshall County Sheriff’s Of ceOwensboro Police DepartmentPrinceton Police DepartmentRadcliff Police DepartmentSomerset Police Department

LouisianaCalcasieu Parish Sheriff’s Of ceCentral Louisiana Gang Safe Streets Task Force, Alexandria, LAGang Intervention, Natchez CountyMandeville Police Department

MassachusettsDouglas Police DepartmentEverett Police DepartmentHampden County Sheriff’s DepartmentLynn Police Department

Maine

Maine Information and Analysis Center Maryland Anne Arundel County Detention Center Baltimore City Police DepartmentBerlin Police DepartmentBrunswick Police DepartmentCecil County Sheriff’s Of ceCharles County Sheriff’s Of ce


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City of Takoma Park Police DepartmentHampstead Police DepartmentHarford County Sheriff’s Of ceMontgomery County Department of Corrections and RehabilitationMontgomery County Police DepartmentNew Carrollton Police DepartmentPrince George’s County Department of CorrectionsPrince George’s County Police DepartmentSomerset County Sheriff’s Of ce

Michigan Auburn Hills Police DepartmentCounty of Macomb Enforcement TeamFerndale Police DepartmentHolland Department of Public Safety

Kentwood Police DepartmentLeelanau County Sheriff’s Of ceMarysville Police DepartmentMichigan Department of CorrectionsMichigan Department of State PoliceOakland County Sheriff’s Of ceOttawa County Sheriff’s Of ceSterling Heights Police DepartmentTroy Police DepartmentUnadilla Township Police DepartmentWashtenaw County Sheriff’s Of ce

MinnesotaBloomington Police DepartmentCoon Rapids Police DepartmentMinnesota Department of CorrectionsMinneapolis Police DepartmentSt. Paul Police Department

MississippiCanton Police DepartmentColumbia Police DepartmentCorinth Police DepartmentD’Iberville Police DepartmentFlorence Police DepartmentForest Police DepartmentGulfport Police DepartmentGuntown Police DepartmentHancock County Sheriff’s Of ceJones County Sheriff’s DepartmentLamar County School District Police Department

Louisville Police DepartmentMadison/Rankin District Attorney’s Of ceMarion County Sheriff’s Of ceMathiston Police DepartmentMcComb Police DepartmentMonroe County Sheriff’s DepartmentMoss Point Campus Police DepartmentMississippi Alcoholic Beverage ControlOcean Springs Police DepartmentOktibbeha County Sheriff’s Of cePascagoula Police DepartmentPascagoula School District PolicePass Christian Police DepartmentPearl Police Department

Pike County Sheriff’s DepartmentRankin County Sheriff’s Of ceRidgeland Police DepartmentRolling Fork Police DepartmentSardis Police DepartmentShannon Police DepartmentStone County Sheriff’s DepartmentTunica County Sheriff’s Of ceWesson Police DepartmentWest Point Police DepartmentWoodville Police Department

MissouriClay County Sheriff’s Of ceColumbia Police DepartmentMissouri Board of Probation and ParoleMissouri Department of CorrectionsMonett Police DepartmentSedalia Police DepartmentSpring eld Police DepartmentSt Louis Metropolitan Police Department

Montana

Laurel Police DepartmentMontana State PrisonMontana Department of Corrections

NebraskaNebraska Department of CorrectionsOmaha Police Department


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New HampshireBelknap County Sheriff’s DepartmentNashua Police DepartmentNew Hampshire Department of CorrectionsNew Hampshire Liquor Commission, Division of Enforcement

New Jersey Atlantic City Police Department Avalon Police DepartmentBorough of Spring Lake Police DepartmentCarneys Point Police DepartmentClinton Township Police DepartmentFairview Police DepartmentGar eld City Police DepartmentLake Como Police Department

Lawrence Township Police DepartmentLong Beach Township Police DepartmentMillburn Police DepartmentMillville Police DepartmentMonmouth County Sheriff’s Of ce - Department of CorrectionsMount Olive Township Police DepartmentNew Jersey Division of ParoleNewark Police DepartmentNorth Plain eld Police DepartmentNorth Wildwood Police DepartmentOld Bridge Township Police DepartmentPassaic County Sheriff’s Of cePrinceton Police DepartmentRandolph Township Police DepartmentRiverside Township Police DepartmentRowan University Police DepartmentRoxbury Township Police DepartmentSalem City Police DepartmentSouth Bound Brook Police DepartmentVoorhees Township Police DepartmentWinslow Township Police Department

New Mexico Albuquerque Police DepartmentBelen Police DepartmentCapitan Police DepartmentLos Lunas Police DepartmentLuna County Detention Center New Mexico State Probation and ParoleNew Mexico 2nd Judicial District Attorney’s Of ce

New Mexico 12th Judicial District Attorney’s Of ceNew Mexico Corrections DepartmentRio Rancho Police Department

NevadaCarson City Sheriff’s Of ce Tri-County Gang UnitLas Vegas Metropolitan Police DepartmentWashoe County District Attorney’s Of ce - Investigations

New YorkCity of Elmira Police DepartmentDutchess County Sheriff’s Of ceGlen Cove Police DepartmentMonroe County Sheriff’s Of ceNew York State PoliceNorth Greenbush Police DepartmentNew York State CourtsOneida County Sheriff’s Of ceOrangetown Police DepartmentRockville Centre Police DepartmentTown of Hamburg Police DepartmentTown of New Hartford Police DepartmentWest Seneca Police DepartmentWhitesboro Police Department

North Carolina Asheville Police DepartmentCary Police DepartmentCabarrus County Sheriff’s Of ceCharlotte-Mecklenburg Police DepartmentCumberland County Sheriff’s Of ceElizabeth City Police DepartmentFayetteville Police DepartmentGreenville Police DepartmentHavelock Police DepartmentHenderson Police DepartmentHickory Police DepartmentHigh Point Police DepartmentJacksonville Police DepartmentKill Devil Hills Police DepartmentKinston Department of Public SafetyLeland Police DepartmentLiberty Police DepartmentLincolnton Police DepartmentMebane Police DepartmentNags Head Police Department


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Nash County Sheriff’s Of ceNorth Carolina Central University Police DepartmentNorth Carolina State University Police DepartmentNorth Carolina Department of Public Safety, Division of Adult CorrectionNorth Carolina State Highway PatrolNorthampton County Sheriff’s Of ceOnslow County Sheriff’s Of cePinehurst Police DepartmentRaleigh Police DepartmentRandleman Police DepartmentShelby Police DepartmentSmith eld Police DepartmentStatesville Police DepartmentUnion County Sheriff’s Of ce

Wake Forest Police DepartmentWilmington Police DepartmentWinston-Salem Police DepartmentWood n Police Department

OhioBeaver Police DepartmentBowling Green Police DivisionCanton Police DepartmentCenterville Police DepartmentCheviot Police DepartmentCincinnati Police DepartmentCleveland Police DepartmentHamilton County Park RangersHamilton County Sheriff’s Of ceHamilton Police DepartmentNew Lebanon Police DepartmentOhio Department of Rehabilitation and CorrectionOttawa County Sheriff’s Of ceSilver Lake Police DepartmentSpringdale Police DepartmentToledo PoliceVandalia Division of PoliceVillage of Golf Manor Police DepartmentWintersville Police DepartmentWyandot County Sheriff’s Of ce

Oklahoma Ardmore Police DepartmentBixby Police DepartmentCatoosa Police Department

North Fork Correctional Facility Lawton Police DepartmentOklahoma City Police DepartmentOklahoma Department of CorrectionsOwasso Police DepartmentWarr Acres Police Department

OregonClackamas County Sheriff’s Of ceCorvallis Police DepartmentForest Grove Police DepartmentGrants Pass Department of Public SafetyGresham Police DepartmentOregon Department of CorrectionsOregon Youth Authority

Umatilla Police DepartmentUmatilla Tribal Police DepartmentWashington County Sheriff’s Of ce

PennsylvaniaBern Township Police DepartmentCoaldale Police DepartmentColumbia County Juvenile ProbationEphrata Police DepartmentGrove City Police DepartmentHazleton Police DepartmentKennett Square Police DepartmentKline Township Police DepartmentLackawanna County PrisonLancaster City Bureau of PoliceLancaster County District AttorneyLancaster County PrisonLehigh County District Attorney’s Of ceLehigh County Juvenile ProbationLehighton Borough Police DepartmentLewistown Police DepartmentLuzerne County Adult Probation and Parole

Luzerne County District Attorney’s Of ce- Detective UnitManheim Township Police DepartmentMercer County Juvenile ProbationMount Carmel Borough Police DepartmentNew Hope Borough Police DepartmentNorthampton County Department of CorrectionsPalmer Township Police DepartmentParkesburg Borough Police Department


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Pennsylvania Department of CorrectionsPennsylvania State PolicePhiladelphia-Camden High Intensity Drug Traf cking AreaPlains Township Police DepartmentQuakertown Borough Police DepartmentSchuylkill County Juvenile JusticeSharon Hill Police DepartmentShenandoah Police DepartmentSouthern Regional Police DepartmentSouthwest Mercer County Regional Police DepartmentUpper Dublin Township Police DepartmentWeatherly Police DepartmentWest Hemp eld Township Police Department

South Carolina

Aiken Department of Public SafetyCharleston County Sheriff’s Of ceCity of Columbia Police DepartmentConway Police DepartmentDarlington Police DepartmentFlorence County Sheriff’s Of ceGreenville County Sheriff’s Of ceGreer Police DepartmentHorry County Sheriff’s Of ceNorth Myrtle Beach Department of Public SafetyRock Hill Police DepartmentSantee Police DepartmentSouth Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon ServicesSouth Carolina Department of CorrectionsSpartanburg County Sheriff’s Of ceUniversity of South Carolina Department of Law Enforcement & Safety

South DakotaSouth Dakota Department of CorrectionsTripp County Sheriff’s Of ce

TennesseeBristol Police DepartmentChattanooga Police DepartmentCoffee County Sheriff’s DepartmentCookeville Police DepartmentGallatin Police DepartmentHardeman County Correctional Facility, Tennessee Department of CorrectionsHawkins County Sheriff’s Of ceKnoxville Police DepartmentMurfreesboro Police Department

Sevier County Sheriff’s Of ceTennessee Bureau of InvestigationTennessee Department of Corrections

Texas Arlington Police Department Austin Police DepartmentCarrollton Police DepartmentCorpus Christi Police DepartmentDuncanville Police DepartmentFort Worth Police DepartmentGarland Police DepartmentGuadalupe County Sheriff’s Of ceHaltom City Police DepartmentHarlingen Police Department

Hood County Sheriff’s Of ceHouston Police DepartmentIrving Police DepartmentLancaster Police DepartmentLaredo Joint Operations Intelligence Center Little Elm Police DepartmentLongview Police DepartmentMans eld Police DepartmentNacogdoches Police DepartmentNew Caney Independent School District Police DepartmentNorth East Independent School District Police DepartmentOf ce of the Inspector General - Texas Department of Criminal JusticeRockwall Police DepartmentTexas Alcoholic Beverage CommissionTexas Department of Public Safety

UtahCache County Sheriff’s Of ceOgden City Police DepartmentUtah County Sheriff’s Of ce

VermontVermont Department of Corrections

Virginia Abingdon Police Department Amherst County Sheriff’s Of ceBedford County Sheriff’s Of ceChester eld County Police DepartmentDanville Police DepartmentDistrict 17 Probation and ParoleFairfax County Police Department


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Fauquier County Sheriff’s Of ceGordonsville Police DepartmentGrayson County Sheriff’s Of ceHampton Police DivisionHarrisonburg Police DepartmentHenrico Police DivisionJ Sargent Reynolds Community College Police DepartmentJames City County Police DepartmentLoudoun County Sheriff’s Of ceNewport News Police DepartmentPortsmouth Police DepartmentPrince William County Police DepartmentRichmond Police DepartmentSouth Boston Police Department

Town of Herndon Police DepartmentVirginia Beach Police DepartmentVirginia Beach Sheriff’s Of ceVirginia Commonwealth University Police DepartmentVirginia Department of CorrectionsVirginia State Police

Virgin IslandsUS Attorney’s Of ce, Virgin Islands Anti-Gang Committee

WashingtonBurlington Police DepartmentEverett Police DepartmentFederal Way Police DepartmentHoquiam Police DepartmentKennewick Police DepartmentKing County JailKing County Sheriff’s Of ceMoses Lake Police DepartmentPuyallup Tribal Police DepartmentQuincy Police DepartmentRidge eld Police DepartmentSeattle Police Department

Spokane County Sheriff’s Of ceSpokane Municipal ProbationSpokane Police DepartmentTacoma Police DepartmentWalla Walla Police DepartmentWest Richland Police DepartmentYa

Documents

2013 NGIC Gang Report