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2/3/2014
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Disease UpdateHeather Kelly, PhD.Assistant Professor, University of TennesseeEntomology and Plant Pathology [email protected] 731-425-4713
OutlineFor each crop:Review of diseases in 2013 season
Trial results
What to be aware of for 2014
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Corn Disease ID2013 – Diseases
Common Rust
Southern Rust
Upper side of leaf
Lower side of leaf
Corn Disease ID2013 – Disease
Grey Leaf Spot
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2013 Corn Fungicide Trials
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20C
han
ge
in Y
ield
(b
u/a
)
Treatment
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 1 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
V6 V8 V6 + VT VT
Ch
ang
e in
Yie
ld (
bu
/a)
Treatment
2013 Corn Fungicide Trials
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-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 1 1 3 5 7 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
V6 V8 V6 + VT VT
Ch
ang
e in
Dis
ease
(%
)
Ch
ang
e in
Yie
ld (
bu
/a)
Treatment
2013 Corn Fungicide Trials
2013 Regional Corn Fungicide SummaryData from 12 states* and Ontario, Canada
Timing of application
# of fungicides tested
# of observations
Mean yield response
compared to non-treated
control (bu/A)**
V3-V7 17 97 0.1
VT/R1 14 286 4.5
V5 + VT/R1 11 42 3.7
**Mean calculated over all fungicides compared in individual state trials
*AR, IL, IN, KS, KY, LA, MI, NE, ND, OH, TN, WI
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Corn price($/bu)
Application cost ($/A)
$12 $16 $20 $24 $28 $32 $36
$3.00 4.0 5.3 6.7 8.0 9.3 10.7 12.0
$4.00 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0
$5.00 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 7.2
$6.00 2.0 2.7 3.3 4.0 4.7 5.3 6.0
$7.00 1.8 2.3 2.9 3.4 4.0 4.6 5.1
$8.00 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
$9.00 1.3 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.6 4.0
$10.00 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6
Break-even scenarios for corn
Corn Disease in 2014?Dependent upon weather, hybrid, crop rotation
Hybrid selection is key!
Continuous corn = Gray Leaf Spot Use resistant hybrid and/or
fungicide
Warm, wet spring/summer = Southern Rust Know the hybrid and apply
fungicide if needed
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Utcrops.com Corn Diseases Corn Fungicides
2013 Soybean Diseases Downy Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Soybean Rust
Frogeye Leaf Spot
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2013 Soybean Diseases Downy Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Soybean Rust
Frogeye Leaf Spot
2013 Soybean DiseasesDowny Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Soybean Rust
Frogeye Leaf Spot
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2013 Soybean DiseasesDowny Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN)
Soybean Rust
Frogeye Leaf Spot
Utcrops.com Soybean Diseases & Nematodes Nematode Sampling Form + Nematode Sample How To
2013 Soybean DiseasesDowny Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Soybean Rust
Frogeye Leaf Spot
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sbrusa.net
Soybean Rust - 2013 First report out of Giles County on Sept. 14
2012 first report on Sept. 28 (Gibson Co.)
AL observed disease ~1 month earlier than usual
2013
9/149/27
10/110/4
10/11
10/20
10/20
10/2410/28
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2013 Soybean Diseases Downy Mildew
Southern Blight
Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS)
Frogeye Leaf Spot (FLS)
QoI Fungicide Resistant - FLS frogeye.ipmpipe.org (or sbrusa.net – right top corner pick ‘frogeye’
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2013 QoI Fungicide Resistant - FLS
Fungicide applied at R3 (beginning pod)Tested at 4 different
locations in TN: 1 location dominant
resistant isolate, low disease pressure 1 location dominant
sensitive isolate, low to moderate disease pressure 2 locations dominant with
sensitive isolate, very high disease pressure
Response to Fungicide Across Disease and Fungicide Resistant Levels in 2013
Treatments Product name – mode of action (FRAC code)
Untreated
Topguard - DMI (3)
Quadris TOP - QoI+DMI (11+3)
Topsin-M - MBC(1)
Priaxor - QoI+SDHI (11+7)
Bravo - Chlorothalonil (M5)
Headline - QoI (11)
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2013 Results
Dyersburg Jackson Milan-A8 Milan-A4
TreatmentFLS %
Yield (bu/a)
FLS %
Yield (bu/a)
FLS %
Yield (bu/a)
FLS %
Yield (bu/a)
Untreated 10.8 61.3 14.3 47.5 68.3 34.1 72.3 29.8Headline @ 6 fl oz/a
11.0 59.2 7.5 51.2 55.0 38.1 46.8 41.4
Priaxor @ 4 fl oz/a
9.3 62.5 2.0 53.4 50.3 37.9 47.5 40.7
Quadris TOP @ 8 fl oz/a
6.0 63.6 2.3 50.6 36.3 44.7 46.3 49.3
Topguard @ 7 fl oz/a
4.5 60.2 1.3 49.1 44.0 44.3 52.5 43.0
Response to Fungicide Across Disease Levels(Fungicides applied @ R3)
Excluding Headline
D.C. %
Yield (bu/a)
D.C.%
Yield (bu/a)
D.C.%
Yield (bu/a)
D.C.%
Yield (bu/a)
Average 4.2 0.8 12.4 3.5 24.8 8.2 23.5 14.6
Low to Moderate Disease High Disease
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Fungicide Trials – Milan RECApplication Timing Effect on Yield
*Majority of treatments were R3 (18), only 1 treatment with at R1+R3 , 3 treatments at R1, 3 treatments at R3+R5
a a a a0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
R1+ R3 R1 R3 R3 + R5
Ch
ang
e in
yie
ld c
om
par
ed t
o
un
trea
ted
(b
u/a
)
Application Stage*
02468
101214161820
Milan Trial – High Disease Pressure Fungicide Results-Increase in Yield (bu/a)
R3+R5R3R1+R3R1
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Utcrops.com Soybean Diseases & Nematodes
Fungicide Table
Disease ratings (of unsprayed plots) for Frogeye and Sudden Death are LOW (0-10% disease), MOD (11-40% disease), HIGH (41-100%)
FLS rating Mod or High, would not recommendSDS rating Mod or High, would not recommend
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Ratings were taken on July 12 for “plant health” on a scoring scale of 1 to 4. A score of 1 = normal plants; 2 = ~ 80% normal; 3 = ~ 60% normal; and 4 = < 60% normal, but no plants approaching death (Tables 4, 14, 24, 34, 44, 51, 61, 68, and 73).
SDS rating ‘DI’ >40, would not recommend
Yield (bu/a)
Location Treated Untreated Increase in Yield
MG3 Milan 40.4 36.5 3.9
MG4-Early Milan 40.5 37.9 2.6
WTREC 51.8 47.2 4.5
MG4-Late Milan 41.0 38.4 2.7WTREC 49.4 46.4 3.0
MG5 Milan 35.7 33.4 2.4WTREC 50.3 49.2 1.2
LL (MG4) Milan 44.5 39.8 4.7
Averages 44.2 41.1 3.1
Response to Fungicide Across Varieties Quadris TOP @ 8 oz/a (R3)
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HIGH DISEASE PRESSURE
LOW-MOD DISEASE PRESSURE
Soybean Diseases in 2014?Continuing to test/monitor for QoI Fungicide Resistant FLS
Sentinel plot net work to monitor soybean pests
Testing FLS disease threshold levels, inoculum distribution/source, winter survival, disease/fungicide application forecast model, variety and fungicide trials (Utcrops.com)
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State
Model
Date
Visit the site as the crop in your area is approaching heading and flowering. You can customize the prediction by selecting a state, use the winter wheat model. You can also select different assessment dates through a calendar interface.
http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/
May 4, 2013
http://www.wheatscab.psu.edu/
FHB Forecasting Model
Winter Wheat Model - model with moisture and temp parameters
Model with moisture parameter
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