2014 Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) Survey · 2015. 12. 1. · University of Tasmania i 2014 HFAB Final Report 2014 Tasmanian Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) Survey Final Report

University of Tasmania i 2014 HFAB Final Report

2014 Tasmanian Healthy Food

Access Basket (HFAB) Survey

Final Report

Availability, Cost and Affordability of a Basket of Healthy Food in Tasmania

September 2014

Funded by the Australian Government through

Tasmania Medicare Local

University of Tasmania ii 2014 HFAB Final Report

University of Tasmania iii 2014 HFAB Final Report

2014 Tasmanian Healthy Food

Access Basket (HFAB) Survey

Final Report

Availability, Cost and Affordability of a Basket of Healthy Food in Tasmania

September 2014

University of Tasmania Research Group

Ms Sandra Murray Dr Kiran Ahuja

Mr Stuart Auckland Professor Madeleine Ball

University of Tasmania iv 2014 HFAB Final Report

University of Tasmania Research Group

Ms Sandra Murray

Dr Kiran Ahuja

Mr Stuart Auckland

Professor Madeleine Ball

Copyright:

©This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act

1968 no part may be reproduced without the permission of the authors.

Suggested Citation:

Murray S., Ahuja KDK., Auckland S., Ball MJ. 2014. The 2014 Tasmanian Healthy

Food Access Basket (HFAB) Survey. School of Health Sciences. University of

Tasmania.

Cover:

Photograph by Darren Grattidge, University of Tasmania, and entitled ‘Healthy

Food Access Basket for a 2 adult and 2 child family’.

For further information please contact

Ms Sandra Murray

School of Health Sciences

University of Tasmania

Locked Bag 1322, Launceston

TASMANIA 7250

T +61 3 6324 5493

[email protected]

Mr Stuart Auckland

School of Health Sciences

University of Tasmania

Locked Bag 1322, Launceston

TASMANIA 7250

T +61 3 6324 4035

[email protected]

University of Tasmania i 2014 HFAB Final Report

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Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. i

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ iii

List of Figures ...................................................................................................................................... vi

List of abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................. vii

Glossary .............................................................................................................................................. viii

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ xii

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... xiii

1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 HFAB survey tool ....................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Brands, specials and discounting .............................................................................................. 3

2.3 Shop Categories ........................................................................................................................ 4

2.4 Number and category of food shops selected for data collection .............................................. 5

2.5 Number of actual food shops where data was collected ........................................................... 6

2.6 Family types ............................................................................................................................... 7

2.7 Data collection ............................................................................................................................ 8

3.0 Analysis and Findings .................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 Tasmanian Food Shops ........................................................................................................... 10

3.2 State-wide And SEIFA Analyses .............................................................................................. 11

3.2.1 Availability of HFAB, fruit and vegetables (FV) and fresh fruit & vegetables (FFV) within

Tasmania ......................................................................................................................... 11

3.2.1.1 Availability of HFAB..................................................................................................... 11

3.2.1.2 Availability of FV and FFV ........................................................................................... 13

3.2.2 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV within Tasmania .................................................................. 14

3.2.2.1 Two adults and two children ....................................................................................... 15

3.2.2.2 One adult and two children ......................................................................................... 21

3.2.2.3 Single adult male ......................................................................................................... 25

3.2.2.4 Single older female ..................................................................................................... 29

3.2.3 Affordability of HFAB, FV and FFV within Tasmania ...................................................... 33





3.3 Local Government Area Analyses ........................................................................................... 40

3.3.1 Number of food shops in each LGA by SEIFA ................................................................ 41

3.3.2 Number of food shops where data was collected in each LGA by SEIFA ...................... 42

University of Tasmania ii 2014 HFAB Final Report

3.3.3 Number of food shops meeting 90%, 80% and 60% eligibility criteria for HFAB by LGA ...

......................................................................................................................................... 43

3.3.4 Number of food shops with at least 90% of FV and FFV component of HFAB by LGA . 44

3.3.5 Cost of HFAB, FV, FFV by family type ............................................................................ 45

3.4 SA4 Analyses ........................................................................................................................... 48

3.4.1 Number of food shops in each SA4................................................................................. 48

3.4.2 Availability of HFAB, FV and FFV in each SA4 ............................................................... 49

3.4.2.1 Availability of HFAB items ........................................................................................... 49

3.4.2.2 Availability of FV and FFV items ................................................................................. 50

3.4.3 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV ............................................................................................. 51





3.5 ARIA Analyses ......................................................................................................................... 63

3.5.1 Number of food shops in each ARIA ............................................................................... 64

3.5.2 Availability of HFAB, FV and FFV in each ARIA ............................................................. 65

3.5.3 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV in each ARIA ....................................................................... 67




4.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 76

5.0 References .................................................................................................................................. 77

6.0 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 80

6.1 HFAT project governance ........................................................................................................ 80

6.2 Fruit and Vegetable (FV) and Fresh Fruit and Vegetable (FFV) component of Healthy Food

Access Basket (HFAB) ............................................................................................................. 82

6.3 Summary of the cost of HFAB, FV and FFV by four family types ............................................ 83

6.4 Summary of the affordability of HFAB, FV and FFV by four family types ................................ 85

6.5 HFAB quantities for each family type ....................................................................................... 87

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List of Tables Table 1 Forty-four food items included in HFAB data collection ............................................................. 3

Table 2 Definition of shop categories ...................................................................................................... 4

Table 3 Actual number of food shops where data was collected............................................................ 6

Table 4 Number of food shops where data was collected by SEIFA tertile ........................................... 7

Table 5 Government assistance income by family type as at December 2013 ..................................... 7

Table 6 Total number of food shops in Tasmania by SEIFA tertile ...................................................... 10

Table 7 Mean availability of HFAB items in food shops categories by SEIFA tertile ............................ 12

Table 8 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by SEIFA tertile ............................................ 13

Table 9 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for FV and FFV component of HFAB.......................... 14

Table 10 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for two adults and two children. 15

Table 11 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by food shop categories and SEIFA

tertiles ........................................................................................................................................... 16

Table 12 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category

and SEIFA tertile .......................................................................................................................... 19

Table 13 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category


Table 14 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for one adult and two children . 21

Table 15 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category and SEIFA tertile . 22

Table 16 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category


Table 17 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category


Table 18 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for a single adult male ............. 25

Table 19 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category by SEIFA tertile .............. 26

Table 20 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category and

SEIFA tertile ................................................................................................................................. 27

Table 21 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for a single male by shop category and SEIFA

tertile ............................................................................................................................................. 28

Table 22 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for an older female .................. 29

Table 23 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for an older female by shop category and SEIFA tertile .................. 30

Table 24 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for an older female by shop category and SEIFA

tertile ............................................................................................................................................. 31

Table 25 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for an older female by shop category and SEIFA

tertile ............................................................................................................................................. 32

Table 26 Government assistance income by family type as at December 2013 ................................. 33

Table 27 Number and category of food shops in each LGA and SEIFA tertile ................................... 41

Table 28 Number of food shops included in HFAB dataset from 28 LGAs across Tasmania .............. 42

University of Tasmania iv 2014 HFAB Final Report

Table 29 Number of food shops with at least 80% (60% for General and Convenience Shops) of the

HFAB items on shelves for individual LGAs ................................................................................. 43

Table 30 Number of food shops with at least 90% of FV and FFV on shelves for individual LGAs ..... 44

Table 31 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-

identified ....................................................................................................................................... 45

Table 32 Cost (in AUD) of FV, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-identified

...................................................................................................................................................... 46

Table 33 Cost (in AUD) of FFV, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-

identified ....................................................................................................................................... 47

Table 34 SA4 regions of TasmaniaRefer to ABS, 2011c for SA4 regions ........................................... 48

Table 35 Number of food shops where data was collected by shop category and SA4 ...................... 48

Table 36 Actual number of food shops where data was collected by SA4 and shop category ............ 49

Table 37 Mean availability of HFAB items by shop category and SA4 ................................................ 49

Table 38 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by SA4 and shop category ........................ 50

Table 39 Mean availability of FV and FFV components of HFAB by shop category and SA4 ............. 50

Table 40 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and SA4 ............. 51

Table 41 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB two adults and 2 children by shop category and

SA4 ............................................................................................................................................... 52

Table 42 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for two adults and 2 children by shop category

and SA4 ........................................................................................................................................ 53

Table 43 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for one adult and two children by shop categories and SA4 ..... 54

Table 44 Cost (in AUD) of the FV component of the HFAB one adult and two children by shop

category and SA4 ......................................................................................................................... 55

Table 45 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB one adult and two children by shop category

and SA4 ........................................................................................................................................ 56

Table 46 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for single adult male by shop category and SA4 ....................... 57

Table 47 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for a single adult by shop category and SA4 ....... 58

Table 48 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB for single adult by shop category and SA4 . 59

Table 49 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for older female by shop category and SA4 ............................... 60

Table 50 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for an older female by shop category and SA4 ... 61

Table 51 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB for an older female by shop category and

SA4 ............................................................................................................................................... 62

Table 52 ARIA classification by shop category and LGAs .................................................................... 64

Table 53 Total number of food shops where data was collected.......................................................... 65

Table 54 Mean availability of HFAB by shop category and ARIA ......................................................... 65

Table 55 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by ARIA ...................................................... 66

Table 56 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and ARIA ........... 67

Table 57 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category

and ARIA ...................................................................................................................................... 68

Table 58 Cost (in AUD) of FFV for two adults and two children by shop category and ARIA .............. 69

University of Tasmania v 2014 HFAB Final Report

Table 59 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category and ARIA ............. 70

Table 60 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category

and ARIA ...................................................................................................................................... 71

Table 61 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category

and by ARIA ................................................................................................................................. 72

Table 62 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category by ARIA ........................... 73

Table 63 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for single adult by shop category and ARIA ........ 74

Table 64 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category and

ARIA ............................................................................................................................................. 75

Table 65 List of the FV and FFV items included in the HFAB .............................................................. 82

Table 66 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for four family types by shop category ...................................... 83

Table 67 Cost (in AUD) of the FV component of HFAB for four family types by shop category .......... 83

Table 68 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB per fortnight for four family types by shop

category ........................................................................................................................................ 84

Table 69 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for four

family types by shop category ...................................................................................................... 85

Table 70 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase FV component of

HFAB for four family types by shop category ............................................................................... 85

Table 71 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase FFV component of

HFAB for four family types by shop category ............................................................................... 86

Table 72 Forty-four food items and quantities per family type used in the HFAB ................................ 87

University of Tasmania vi 2014 HFAB Final Report

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List of Figures

Figure 1 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and by SEIFA

tertiles presented as median and an interquartile range .............................................................. 17

Figure 2 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for two adults

and two children by shop category presented as median and interquartile range ....................... 34

Figure 3 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for two adults

and two children by shop category and SEIFA presented as median and interquartile range .... 35

Figure 4 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the FFV component of

the HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category presented as median and

interquartile range......................................................................................................................... 36

Figure 5 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for one adult

and two children by shop category presented as median and interquartile range ....................... 37

Figure 6 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for a single

adult male by shop category presented as median and interquartile range ................................ 38

Figure 7 Percentage of Government Assistance Income required to purchase the HFAB for an older

female by shop category presented as median and interquartile range ...................................... 39

Figure 8 Governance Chart Healthy Food Access Tasmania (HFAT) and the HFAB Project ............. 81

University of Tasmania vii 2014 HFAB Final Report

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List of abbreviations and Acronyms

ABS: Australian Bureau of Statistics

ARIA: Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia

FFV: Fresh fruit and vegetables (excluding orange juice)

FV: Fruit and vegetables (excluding orange juice)

HFAB: Healthy Food Access Basket

HFB: Healthy Food Basket

HFAT: Healthy Food Access Tasmania

LGA: Local Government Area

NHMRC: National Health and Medical Research Council

NRVs: Nutrition Reference Values

SEIFA: Socio-Economic Index For Area

SA1: Statistical Area 1

SA4: Statistical Area 4

TFARC: Tasmanian Food Access Research Coalition

UTAS: University of Tasmania

University of Tasmania viii 2014 HFAB Final Report

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Glossary

Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia

Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) is a classification used to

measure and classify the remoteness of populated localities in relation to ‘service

centres’ of various sizes (ABS, 2011b). ARIA defines six categories of remoteness

based on road distance to service centres, and is available for a variety of

geographical units including localities, census collection districts, statistical local

areas and postcodes and ranges from highly accessible to very remote (Table 52).

Family Types

The four family types: two adults and two children; a single mother and two

children; a single adults male; and a single older female, are the same as those

described in the Victorian Healthy Food Basket (VHFB) (Palermo and Wilson, 2007)

(p7). Family types were determined by identifying the most common age and sex of

family members from the 2003 Australian Bureau of Statistics Family Characteristics

Survey (ABS, 2011a) and the 2001 Census of Population and Housing (ABS,

2009). These families types also reflect those most affected by food insecurity (Booth

and Smith, 2001).

Food Access

The socio-economic determinants that influence a person’s ability to acquire fresh

and nutritious food. This includes physical access, financial access, and other access

issues.

Food Affordability

Affordability is defined as the cost of the diet of a household relative to the

household’s income (Lee et al., 2013).

Food Security

The ability of individuals, households and communities to acquire food that is

healthy, sustainable, affordable appropriate and accessible (Rychetnik et al., 2003).

University of Tasmania ix 2014 HFAB Final Report

Fruit & Vegetable and Fresh Fruit & Vegetable component of Healthy Food

Access Basket

The Fruit and Vegetable (FV) component of the HFAB includes 17 fresh, tinned and

dried items (excluding orange juice) whilst the Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (FFV)

component of the HFAB comprises 10 items which includes 3 fruits and 7 vegetables.

For a list of specific items refer to Table 65.

Generic Brand

Generic brands, often referred to as private label products, are typically those

products manufactured or provided by one company for offer under another

company’s brand. They are often positioned as low cost alternatives to company

branded products or ‘name’ brands. Over recent years some generic brands have

been positioned as "premium" brands to compete with existing "name" brands 3.

Government Assistance income

This is defined as a social security payment or financial aid from the government

because of hardship and need (Table 26).

Healthy Diet

A ‘healthy’ diet is defined as one that provides recommended amounts of foods,

nutrients and other food components, within estimated energy requirements, to

promote normal growth and development in children, reduce risk of obesity and

non-communicable diseases, and promote optimum well-being, consistent with

national dietary guidelines/recommendations (NHMRC, 2013).

Healthy Food Access Basket

The Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) is a tool used to monitor food price. The

HFAB used in this study includes forty-four (44) core and non-core food items (Table

1) representing commonly available and popular food choices selected to meet the

Nutrition Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand (NHMRC, 2005) . This

HFAB includes at least 85% of all individuals’ nutrient requirements and at least 95%

of all energy requirements for all members in four family types for a fortnight. The

range and types of foods included in the Tasmanian HFAB are the same as the

Victorian Healthy Food Basket (Palermo and Wilson, 2007) which is based on a

‘healthy’ diet.

University of Tasmania x 2014 HFAB Final Report

Healthy Food Access Tasmania Project

Healthy Food Access Tasmania (HFAT) is a project funded by the Australian

Government’s Department of Health through Tasmania Medicare Local with Heart

Foundation (Tasmanian Division) as lead agency and UTAS as major partner. The

HFAT project seeks to make healthy food choices easy choices by ensuring that fresh

foods (preferably locally grown) are readily available across Tasmania contributing

towards addressing the project’s important health, economic and social objective.

UTAS has been responsible for undertaking the 2014 Tasmanian HFAB survey

component of this larger project (Figure 8).

Interquartile Range

The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of variability, based on dividing a data set

into quartiles (Figure 1 to 7). Quartiles divide a rank-ordered data set into four equal

parts. The values that divide each part are called the first, second, and third

quartiles; and they are denoted by Q1, Q2, and Q3, respectively.

Q1 is the “middle” value in the first half of the rank-ordered data set.

Q2 is the “median” value in the set.

Q3 is the “middle” value in the second half of the rank-ordered data set.

The interquartile range is equal to Q3 minus Q1.

Local Government Area

The Local Government Area (LGA) is a geographical area under the responsibility of

an incorporated local government council or municipality.

Median

Denoting or relating to a value or quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency

distribution of observed values or quantities, such that there is an equal probability

of falling above or below it.

Mean

The mean is the average value of a set of numbers.

PhARIA

PhARIA is a composite ARIA index, which incorporates measurements of general

remoteness. The location of over 13,000 populated localities in Australia has been

used in the development of this index.

University of Tasmania xi 2014 HFAB Final Report

Socio-Economic Index For Area

Socio-Economic Index For Area (SEIFA) is a measure of socio-economic

disadvantage and advantage by geographic area created from socio and economic

Australian Bureau of Statistics Census information.

SEIFA Tertile

Tertiles divide a distribution into three equal groups. For the purpose of this study

we divided the range of SEIFA scores into tertiles. SEIFA 1 denotes the lowest

scoring 33% of areas (score range 589-779) representing the most disadvantaged

areas. SEIFA 2 denotes the middle 33% of areas (score range of 780-968) whilst

SEIFA 3 denotes the highest 33% of areas (score range of 969-1158) representing the

least disadvantaged area.

Shop Categories

For this study the Tasmanian food retail structure has been defined as four shop

categories including; i) Major Supermarkets, ii) Minor Supermarkets, iii) General

and Convenience Shops and iv) Fruit and Vegetable Shops (Table 2).

‘Specials’ and Discounted Items

These are items sold at a reduced price compared to the standard price stated

(Section 2.2).

Statistical Area 4 Regions

The Statistical Area 4 (SA4) regions are geographical areas that provide what is

considered to be the best sub-state socio-economic breakdown data (ABS, 2010a).

SA4s generally have populations over 100,000 people. Labour markets have been a

key consideration in the design of SA4s. The reason for this is that labour force data

has two geographic components to it - the labour supply (where people live) and

demand (where people work). In Tasmania there are four SA4 regions which

include Hobart, Launceston & North East, South East and West & North West

Tasmania (Table 34).

University of Tasmania xii 2014 HFAB Final Report

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Acknowledgements

This research project was undertaken by the School of Health Science, University of

Tasmania (UTAS) from December 2013 to September 2014.

Funding for this project was received from the Australian Government’s Department

of Health through Tasmania Medicare Local. UTAS has been responsible for

undertaking various components of the delivery of the larger project “Poor Diet,

Nutrition, Food Security and Obesity Project” with Heart Foundation (Tasmanian

Division) as lead agency. The original project title “Poor Diet, Nutrition, Food

Security and Obesity Project” was amended to the “Healthy Food Access Tasmania

Project (HFAT)” as it was deemed that this project title better reflected the key aims

and objectives of the project and provided greater clarity at the community level.

Further information on the overall governance for the HFAT project can be found in

1.6.1.

This report relates specifically to one of the key project initiatives, the Tasmanian

Healthy Food Basket (HFAB) Survey. The HFAB survey was the first deliverable

under the broader HFAT Project.

This project received ethics approval from the Tasmania Social Sciences Human

Research Ethics Committee (Ethics Ref: H0013600) on the 29th October 2013.

The authors would like to thank the proprietors of all food shops who graciously

provided access to their premises for the survey. The authors would also like to

acknowledge the commitment and support of the three Regional Food Coordinators

for this project including Bridget Stewart, Lisa Kelly and Michael Bok.

The authors would also like to thank the members of the HFAT Reference Group

who provided guidance and support for the project.

Finally, the authors would also like to express gratitude to staff at all contributing

Local Government Area Councils who provided advice as to the location of

registered food shops within their council area.

University of Tasmania xiii 2014 HFAB Final Report

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Executive Summary The 2014 Tasmanian Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) survey is the first state-

wide cross-sectional survey focussing on the availability, cost and affordability of a

basket of basic healthy food items throughout Tasmania. The range and types of

foods contained in the HFAB includes 44 food items, from five core food groups

(Table 1). These core food groups include cereals (9 items), fresh fruit and vegetables

(10 items) as well as additional fruit and vegetables that were canned, dried and

juiced (8 items), meat and meat alternatives (9 items), and dairy (5 items) plus three

non-core food items. They represent commonly available and popular food choices

selected to meet at least 85% of all individuals nutrient requirements and at least

95% of energy requirements for all members in four reference families for a fortnight

based on Nutrition Reference Values (NRVs) (NHMRC, 2005). All brands

(generic/private labels and company ‘name’ brands) were included in the survey as

well as ‘specials’ on the day of testing.

Food shop selection was based on four shops categories including Major

Supermarkets, Minor Supermarkets, General and Convenience Shops and Fruit and

Vegetable Shops (Table 2). Analysis focussed on availability, cost and affordability

of the HFAB and the Fruit and Vegetable (FV) (excluding orange juice) and Fresh

Fruit and Vegetable (FFV) (excluding orange juice) components of the HFAB (Table

65) at the geographical levels of state-wide (Section 3.2), Statistical Area 4 (SA4)

regions (Section 3.4) and Local Government Areas (LGAs) (Section 3.3) as well as

Socio-Economic Index For Area (SEIFA) (Section 3.2) and Accessibility/Remoteness

Index of Australia (ARIA) (Section 3.5).

General findings

Shop Categories and Location

State-wide approximately 14% of food shops (out of a total of 353) were Major

Supermarket, 23% Minor Supermarkets, 47% General and Convenience Shops and

16% were Fruit and Vegetable Shops with Major Supermarkets being absent from 8

LGAs. There was a predominance of up to 47% of General and Convenience Shops

in Tasmania.

University of Tasmania xiv 2014 HFAB Final Report

Within each SEIFA tertile 5.3% of food shops were located in SEIFA 1 (most

disadvantaged), 57.3% located in SEIFA 2, and 37.4% located in SEIFA 3 (least

disadvantaged) areas. Within SEIFA 1 there were 4 Major Supermarkets, 7 Minor

Supermarkets, 6 General and Convenience Shops and 2 Fruit and Vegetable Shops.

The survey of the HFAB availability and cost was carried out in 142 out of 353 food

shops across 28 of 29 LGAs.

Availability

The mean availability of the HFAB food items in Major Supermarkets was 43.7 food

items, Minor Supermarkets was 40.9 and General and Convenience Shops 27.4. This

indicated that the availability of the HFAB food items was dependent on the

category of shop.

A key observation from the analysis of availability suggests that it is more difficult

for people shopping in regions, where there is limited or no access to Major and

Minor Supermarkets, to purchase a full HFAB. There is a predominance of up to

47% of General and Convenience Shops in Tasmania. The data indicate that only

35% of the General and Convenience Shops had ≥80% and 55% had ≥60% of the

HFAB items available. Given that only a limited number of the General and

Convenience Shops stocked a full HFAB it reduced the ability of residents to buy

healthy food where access was limited to this particular shop category. General and

Convenience Shops were more likely to stock the fresh fruit and vegetable

component of the HFAB than a full HFAB.

Cost

Results suggest that there was considerable difference between the cost of the HFAB,

between shop categories with the pattern of difference being consistent across all

family types irrespective of area and SEIFA. The FFV component of the HFAB was

less expensive when purchased from a Fruit and Vegetable Shops than from a Major

or Minor Supermarkets from a state perspective irrespective of region.

People with easy access to Major Supermarkets may be able to buy a less expensive

HFAB than people who prefer to buy at, or who may have access only to, the Minor

Supermarkets or General and Convenience Shops.

Irrespective of SEIFA Major Supermarkets were the least expensive shop in which to

purchase a basket of healthy food.

University of Tasmania xv 2014 HFAB Final Report

Affordability

A family with easy access to a Major Supermarket will need to spend the least

amount of their Government assistance income on healthy food compared to

families having access to only General and Convenience Shops, irrespective of the

location of the shop based on socio-economic area (SEIFA). FFV were, however,

similarly affordable in spite of geographical effects. The percentage of Government

assistance income required to purchase the HFAB for two adult and two children

was least expensive for residents living in the Hobart (SA4) region and most

expensive in the West and Northwest (SA4) region.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the results of the 2014 survey highlight considerable variability in the

availability and cost of the HFAB. Access to healthy food may be more challenging

in regional areas if people have to use a limited range of food shops particularly

General and Convenience Shops. Families living in towns serviced by a limited

number of food shops and shop categories may also be at a disadvantage in their

ability to access healthy food if they do not have transport to a supermarket. Whilst

FFV were similarly priced the differences were largely in other HFAB food items

and may be influenced by ‘specials’ and generic brands reducing costs in Major and

Minor Supermarkets.

The cost of healthy food relative to income for low income groups continues to be of

concern. There is a need to undertake further state-wide HFAB research across all

LGAs over time and consider what is happening for the individual/family as well as

in the shops. Monitoring the cost of healthy food is an important strategy towards

addressing food insecurity in Tasmania.

University of Tasmania 1 2014 HFAB Final Report

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1.0 Introduction

The overarching aim of the HFAT project is to make healthy food choices easier by

ensuring that fresh fruit and vegetables (preferably locally grown) are readily

available across Tasmania. Achieving the project aim is reliant on mapping local

determinants of healthy eating and supporting the building local solutions which

increase access to fruit and vegetables within communities across Tasmania. This

report provides the findings from the first project delivered under the HFAT

framework, the HFAB Survey.

The aim of the 2014 Tasmanian HFAB Survey is to determine the availability, cost

and affordability of healthy food with a particular emphasis on fruit and vegetables,

in all local government areas across Tasmania. In particular, the HFAB survey

provides information at a state-wide, SEIFA, LGA, SA4 and ARIA level relating to:

The availability of a healthy food access basket (HFAB);

The cost of the HFAB including the Fruit and Vegetable (FV) and Fresh Fruit

and Vegetable (FFV) components of the HFAB for four family types in four

shop categories;

The affordability of the HFAB including the FV and FFV components of the

HFAB for four family types, in four shop categories across Tasmania.


___________________________________________________________________________

2.0 Methodology In Australia there is no regular national survey to monitor and compare food cost,

affordability and availability in both metropolitan and regional areas. The

methodology for the Tasmanian HFAB survey was informed by the VHFB (Palermo

and Wilson, 2007) and local knowledge gained through the Tasmanian Food Access

Research Coalition (TFARC) (Le et al., 2013) project that was conducted in 2011-2012

in two local government areas of Tasmania. Both methodologies informed the

development of a specific approach for the Tasmanian HFAB.

In order to obtain a comprehensive description of the availability, cost and

affordability of food across Tasmanian the HFAB survey tool, including a list of 44

pre-defined grocery items, was used for data collection. This is the same list of 44

grocery items included in the VHFB survey (Palermo and Wilson, 2007).

2.1 HFAB survey tool

Availability and price information was collected on the 44 foods (Table 1) of specific

weight range. Price was collected for the cheapest brand (including ‘specials’ and

discounted items) irrespective of whether it was a ‘branded’ or a generic brand item.

During data collection, it was noted whether a particular food was available at a

special/discounted price on the day of the data collection.


Table 1 Forty-four food items included in HFAB data collection

Target weights are included in parenthesis. For further information regarding the specifications of foods, please

contact the UTAS research team.

2.2 Brands, specials and discounting

Eligibility of ‘specials’ and generic brand foods is a deviation from the methodology

used in other states of Australia (Palermo and Wilson, 2007, Wong et al., 2011).

Previous research conducted in Australia has included only ‘branded’ food items.

Home brands (often referred to as generic brands or private labels) available under

Supermarket brands such as Coles, Woolworths and IGA brands were not included.

In the last five years there has been a substantial expansion in the number of private

labels available from Coles and Woolworths. Coles has five private labels (Coles,

2014) of which Coles, Coles Smart Buy, and Coles Organic includes foods that form a

part of the HFAB. Similarly, Woolworths has four levels of generic or private label

brands (Woolworths, 2014), of which three labels -Woolworths home brand,

Woolworths Select and Macro Wholefood Market includes various HFAB food

items. In 2011, IGA revived their private label as a middle-of-the-range option

(Redrup, 2013).

In 2012-2013, the sale of private labels was about 25% of the total sales in Australia

(Redrup, 2013). This was an 8% increase from 2008 (Redrup, 2013). It is expected that

the private label sales will reach a third of total Supermarket sales (Redrup, 2013).

Furthermore, generic/private label brands were both cost competitive and of

comparative nutritional quality to branded food items (Redrup, 2013). This has been

White Bread (650-700g) Reduced Fat Flavoured Yoghurt (1kg) Pumpkin (1.5 kg or less) Fresh Shoulder Ham (2kg or less)

Wholemeal Bread (650-700g) Full fat long life milk (1L) Cabbage (half) Beef Mince, Regular (2kg or less)

Crumpets (500g or less) Cheese Block (500g) Lettuce (whole)Lamb Chops, Forequarter (2kg or

less)

Wheat Biscuits (700g-1.3kg) Apples (2kg or less) Carrots (2kg or less) Chicken Breast Fillets, Skin Off

(2kg or less)

Instant Oats (500g-1kg) Oranges (2kg or less) Onions (1kg)Sausages, Thin (Beef) (2kg or

less)

Pasta (500g) Bananas (1kg) Frozen Peas (1kg)Tinned Tuna (unsaturated fat) (400-

500g)

White Rice (1kg)Tinned Fruit Salad, natural juice

(450g -1kg)Tinned Tomatoes (1kg or less)

Tinned Salmon, Pink (water) (200-

250g)

Instant Noodles (1pk or up-to

10pk at <85g )Sultanas (200g to 1kg) Tinned Beetroot (400-450g) Large Eggs (min 50 g) (600-800g)

Premium Biscuits (250g) Orange Juice (100% NAS) (1-2.5L) Tinned Corn Kernals (400-450g)Polyunsaturated Margarine (1kg or

less)

Fresh Full Cream Milk (1-2L) Tomatoes (1-2kg) Tinned Baked Beans (400g-1kg) White Sugar (1kg)

Fresh Reduced Fat Milk (1-2L) Potatoes (1-2kg)Fresh Bacon, Shortcut, Rindless

(2kg or less)Canola Oil (700ml-1L)


supported by investigations at UTAS comparison nutrition information panels

between branded and generic branded items in 2 local Major Supermarkets and 1

Minor Supermarket.

The data collected on HFAB items included generic brands, ‘specials’ and

discounted produce.

2.3 Shop Categories

Findings from the TFARC study (Le et al., 2013) suggested that the Tasmanian food

retail structure could be defined in four distinct categories; Major Supermarkets,

Minor Supermarkets, General and Convenience Shops and Fruit and Vegetable

Shops.

Three of these categories included Major Supermarkets, Minor Supermarkets and

General and Convenience Shops which were identified as most likely to stock a full

HFAB. Where there was a level of ambiguity regarding the categorisation of a shop

the default approach was to categorise according to their registered name e.g. if the

word supermarket or store appeared in their name they were counted as a Minor

Supermarket (e.g. Charlie’s Supermarket and take away) or General and

Convenience Shop (e.g. Meander store) category, respectively. As this study

specifically investigated the availability and cost of the fruit and vegetables included

in the HFAB, Fruit and Vegetable Shops were also included. Markets and mobile

fruit and vegetable vans were not included. The distinction between different

categories/types of food shops is presented in Table 2.

Table 2 Definition of shop categories

Adapted from Turrell et al., 2003

Type of Shop Example Operational Definition

Major Supermarket Woolworths, Coles, Supa IGA Engaged in the sale of a full and large range of groceries

(fresh foods, canned and packaged foods, dry goods) of

non-specialised (conventional) food lines

Minor supermarket

(grocer)

IGA Everyday, local supermarket Mainly engaged in the sale of a mid-sized range of

groceries (fresh food, canned and packaged foods, dry

good) of non-specialised (conventional food lines).

Fruit and vegetable shops Young's vegie shed, Chung’s, local

fruit and vegetable shop

Mainly engaged in the sale of fresh fruit and vegetables.

Includes wholesale shops with direct to public sales. Is

open regularly

Local, general,

convenience and Corner

shop (may include a fuel

pump)

Mainly engaged in the sale of a limited line of groceries that

generally includes milk, bread and canned and packaged

foods and may sell limited fresh lines such as meat,

vegetables and fruit. This shop may also provide a limited

range of fast food lines such as burgers or fish and chips

IGA express, Coles Express -

usually with fuel pump


2.4 Number and category of food shops

selected for data collection

Out of 353 food shops in Tasmania, 150 were included through a randomisation

process for data collection. The premise was that at least 100 food shops would be

available for cost analyses of the HFAB, and FV and FFV component of the HFAB,

after removal of food shops;

That did not meet eligibility criteria of food availability for price calculation,

or;

Where the shop manager did not allow data collection.

An additional requirement of the study was to analyse availability, cost and

affordability according to level of socio-economic disadvantage. For the purposes of

the study the SEIFA index was applied. SEIFA is defined as a measure of social

disadvantage based on ABS data. For this study we divided this range into tertiles

(SEIFA 1: 589-779; SEIFA 2: 780-968 and SEIFA 3: 969-1158, respectively) with SEIFA

1 as the most disadvantaged area and SEIFA 3 as the least disadvantaged area.

It was decided that data be collected from all 19 food shops located in the most

disadvantaged SEIFA 1 area. As SEIFA 2 and SEIFA 3 housed approximately 57 and

37 percent of the total food shops in Tasmania respectively, it was planned that the

randomisation also matched this profile for the remaining 131 food shops for data

collection. Where more than 10 food shops were available for randomisation in an

LGA, a first randomisation with-in the LGA was carried out to reduce the eligible

number of food shops to be included in the final randomisation. This helped ensure

that all LGA’s were represented in data collection and LGAs with large number of

food shops were not over-represented.


2.5 Number of actual food shops where data

was collected

The table below (Table 3) includes a summary of the available food shops,

randomised food shops and the actual food shops from which data was collected.

Table 3 Actual number of food shops where data was collected

Actual indicates the number (percent) of food shops from where the data was collected. There is one extra shop

in category 1 for Actual data collection than in randomisation. One shop was wrongly coded as category 2

instead of category 1 shop during randomisation

Included in Table 4 is information on the number of food shops, as classified by

SEIFA, from where data was collected. Data was collected from all LGAs except

Flinders Island (including Cape Barron Island) due to logistic reasons. Although all

19 food shops from SEIFA 1 were included in the list for data collection, data was

only collected from 14 food shops. The remainder of the 5 food shops were not

included due to one of the following reasons; data collection not allowed, outlet had

closed down, or logistic reasons preventing data collection.

Category of shop Available Randomised Actual

Major Supermarket

(category 1)50 (14%) 22 (15%) 23 (16%)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)82 (23%) 39 (25%) 37 (26%)

General and Convenience Shops

(category 3)165 (47%) 67 (45%) 60 (42%)

Fruit and Vegetable Shops

(category 4)56 (16%) 22 (15%) 22 (16%)

Total 353 (100%) 150 (100%) 142 (100%)


Table 4 Number of food shops where data was collected by SEIFA tertile

SEIFA 1 most disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3 least disadvantaged area

2.6 Family types

For the purpose of this study, affordability is calculated based on the Government

assistance income available to the four family types as of December 2013. These

amounts were provided by the author of the VHFB (Palermo and Wilson, 2007).

Table 5 provides information on each family type, family characteristics, income

source and fortnightly Government assistance income which have been used to

calculate the affordability of the HFAB by family type, across Tasmania.

Table 5 Government assistance income by family type as at December 2013

Fortnightly Government assistance income provided by authors of the VHFB ((Palermo and Wilson, 2007)

Category of shop Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3

Major Supermarket

(category 1)23 4 13 6

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)37 6 26 5

General and Convenience Shops

(category 3)60 3 33 24


(category 4)22 1 14 7

Total 142 (100%) 14 (10%) 86 (60%) 42 (30%)

Family Type Family characteristics Income sourceGovernment

Assistance Income

Two adults and two

children (2+2)

2 parents (44 year old adult male and

female) with 2 fully dependent children

(18 year old female and 8 year old male)

Newstart allowance +

family payments$1,353.42

1 adult and 2 children

(1+2)

1 parents (44 year old adult female) with 2

fully dependent children (18 year old

femail and 8 year old male)



Single male Adult male >31 years old Newstart allowance $501.00

Older female 71 year old female Age pension $751.70


2.7 Data collection

Data was collected from all LGA’s except Flinders Island. Every LGA council

received letters informing them of the HFAB study and requesting their assistance in

providing a list of registered food shops in their areas. Responses were received by

the research group from a majority of councils.

This information was used to identify the location and category of food shops across

the state. This was followed with a randomisation process that resulted in the

identification of 150 out of 353 food shops from which data would be collected. To

assist with the data collection process three regional coordinators were employed to

collect information from allocated food shops in each region. The regional

coordinators received training for the data collection to maximise reliable and

validity of data. Information was collected between March 1, 2014 and April 8, 2014.

All data was collected on an electronic application (iPAD™ mini) specifically created

for the purposes of this study, using FileMaker™ software. This was to improve

efficiency, reduce time for data collection and more importantly to reduce the

transcribing errors. The data was transferred to the university server as soon as each

coordinator completed data collection at a particular shop. The data collection

application also included a hyperlink to access the camera function of the electronic

device. Regional coordinators were asked, where possible, to take photos of the

product and its price. These photos were later used to validate the price and weight

of the product entered by the study-coordinator. For further details regarding the

tool, contact the UTAS research team.

All quantitative data was analysed using STATA software version 12 and checked

for data integrity.


___________________________________________________________________________

3.0 Analysis and Findings An important element of the study was the adoption of a community development

approach which required the analysis of data, where feasible, at multiple levels.

This approach was considered to facilitate an improved understanding and access to

information at the community level, thereby informing latter stages of the overall

study. The study included an analysis of data at the following levels;

Tasmania: state-wide approach

Socio-economic index for area (SEIFA): Analysis across SEIFA tertiles 1 to 3

Local Government Area (LGA): Where it was possible to de-identify food

shops by category

Statistical Area 4 (SA4) regions: SA4 includes 4 regions of Tasmania

comprising; Hobart, Launceston & North East, South East and West &

Northwest.

Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA): based on six categories

of remoteness measured on road distance to service centres, and is available

for a variety of geographical units including localities; census collection

districts (CCDs); statistical local areas (SLAs) and postcodes and ranges from

highly accessible to very remote.


3.1 Tasmanian Food Shops

Information was received from 26 of 29 LGAs (between early-January to mid-

February 2014) and desktop search of food shops in 3 remaining LGAs showing a

total of 353 Major and Minor Supermarkets, General and Convenience Shops and

Fruit and Vegetable Shops in Tasmania (Table 6).

Based on the operational definition in Table 2 and other assumptions used for

classifying the food shops we found that in February 2014:

Central Highlands, Glamorgan Spring Bay, Flinders Island, King Island,

Tasman, Southern Midlands, Latrobe, Kentish and West Coast LGAs did not

have any Major Supermarkets.

There were no Minor Supermarkets in Central Highland and Hobart.

Table 6 Total number of food shops in Tasmania by SEIFA tertile

Category of shop Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3

Major Supermarket

(category 1)50 (14%) 4 29 17

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)82 (23%) 7 58 17

General and Convenience

Shops (category 3)165 (47%) 6 85 74


(category 4)56 (16%) 2 30 24

Total 353 (100%) 19 (5.3%) 202 (57.3%) 132 (37.4%)


3.2 State-wide And SEIFA Analyses

3.2.1 Availability of HFAB, fruit and vegetables (FV) and

fresh fruit & vegetables (FFV) within Tasmania

3.2.1.1 Availability of HFAB

There was a large variability in the number of HFAB food items available at different

food shops during data collection (Table 7). Major Supermarkets, irrespective of

SEIFA location, had at least 42 (out of 44) foods available. For Minor Supermarkets,

availability ranged from 18 items (one shop) to 44 items, with an average of 41 items

from the HFAB basket. The availability of the HFAB at General and Convenience

Shops (category 3) was most variable and ranged between 2 and 44 foods. The mean

number of HFAB food items available was lowest at the General and Convenience

Shops in SEIFA 1 area.

An observation from the analysis suggests that it is more difficult for people

shopping where there is limited access to Major and Minor Supermarkets to

purchase a full HFAB if they were reliant on General and Convenience Shops. This

would be most applicable to people who may have limited or no access to transport

to be able to shop in a Major or Minor Supermarket.


Table 7 Mean availability of HFAB items in food shops categories by SEIFA tertile

Maximum expected items-44; SEIFA 1 most disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3 least disadvantaged area

Based on studies conducted in Australia which use eligibility criteria of 75-95%

HFAB food items at food shops, this current study used an eligibility criteria of ≥80%

for Major and Minor Supermarkets, and used a slightly different approach for

General and Convenience Shops. One analysis included an 80% eligibility criteria

for General and Convenience Shops; however, given that there was a large number

of (up to 47%) of the food shops in Tasmania that were General and Convenience

Shops, the eligibility criteria for another analysis was further reduced to ≥60%

availability of HFAB food items. This change resulted in an increase from 35% to

55% of the number of General and Convenience Shops that were included in the cost

analysis (Table 8).

The cost of the HFAB items that were unavailable on the day of data collection from

particular food shops, that fitted the eligibility criteria, was determined by using the

average price from the same category of food shops.

This current study showed a high prevalence of General and Convenience Shops in

Tasmania. As only a limited number of these food shops stocked a full HFAB it may

reduce the ability of residents to buy healthy food where access is limited to this

particular shop category.

Category of

shopStatistics State wide SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3

n 23 4 13 6

Mean ± SD 43.7 ± 0.6 43.5 ± 0.6 43.9 ± 0.4 43.3 ± 0.8

Range 42 to 44 43 to 44 43 to 44 42 to 44

n 37 6 26 5

Mean ± SD 40.9 ± 4.7 42.7 ± 0.8 40.5 ± 5.4 40.8 ± 3.4

Range 18 to 44 42 to 44 18 to 44 35 to 43

n 60 3 33 24

Mean ± SD 27.4 ± 12.1 22.7 ± 17.2 28.2 ± 11.7 26.9 ± 12.3

Range 2 to 44 3 to 35 7 to 44 2 to 43

Major

Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor

Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience

Shop

(category 3)


Table 8 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by SEIFA tertile


3.2.1.2 Availability of FV and FFV

The study makes a distinction between FV and FFV. The point of difference being

all fresh, dried and canned produce is considered as FV whilst all fresh items were

considered as FFV. Orange juice has been excluded as the study focused on whole

food items rather than juiced items. FV make up 17 out of 44 items while FFV

comprises 10 items of the HFAB (Appendix 36.2). Availability of ≥90% of items for

Major and Minor Supermarkets, General and Convenience Shops and Fruit and

Vegetable Shops was used as eligibility for the calculation of cost for this food group.

All 23 Major Supermarkets, 34 (out of 37) Minor Supermarkets, 19 (out of 60) General

and Convenience Shops and 3 (out of 22) Fruit and Vegetable Shops met the ≥90%

eligibility criteria for the cost analysis (Table 9). It was not expected that Fruit and

Vegetable Shops would stock canned and dried food.

All 23 Major Supermarkets, 21 (out of 22) Fruit and Vegetable Food Shops and 35

(out of 37) Minor Supermarkets met the eligibility criteria of ≥90% fresh fruit and

vegetable availability for cost analyses (Table 9). In contrast only 26 General and

Convenience Shops (out of 60) met the eligibility criteria for cost analyses of fresh

fruit and vegetables.

Category of shop Statistics Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3

Shops where data was collected 23 4 13 6

Shops with ≥ 80% HFAB 23 4 13 6






General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Table 9 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for FV and FFV component of

HFAB

SEIFA 1 most disadvantaged; SEIFA 3 least disadvantaged

3.2.2 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV within Tasmania

The median cost of the HFAB, and FV and FFV components of the HFAB for four

family types across 28 LGAs is shown in the following pages. Results indicate that

there is considerable difference between the cost of the HFAB between shop

categories with the pattern of difference being consistent across all family types

(refer to Section 6.3 for a summary of data).

Category of shop Statistics Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3


Shops with ≥ 90% fruit & veg 23 4 13 6

Shops with ≥ 90% FRESH fruit & veg 23 4 13 6










Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience shop

(category 3)

Fruit and Vegetabe

shop (category 4)


3.2.2.1 Two adults and two children

3.2.2.1.1 Cost of HFAB

Presented in Table 10 are the costs of the HFAB for two adults and two children

across Tasmania including the mean (± SD), median and range for a fortnight.

Although mean ($432) and median ($438) cost of the HFAB were similar, there was a

large variability in the lowest and highest cost of the HFAB ($311 and $560,

respectively). Interestingly, the cost of the HFAB was lowest in SEIFA 1 (most

disadvantaged) compared to SEIFA 2 and 3 (least disadvantaged) areas. Both the

lowest and the highest cost the HFAB was represented by food shops in SEIFA 2.

Table 10 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for two adults

and two children


Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA3

Shops meeting eligibility criteria 90 12 55 23

Mean ± SD 432.15 + 62.33 406.39 ± 42.83 433.94 ± 65.45 441.33 ± 61.87

Median 437.86 418.71 439.02 447.26

Range 311.00 to 560.67 339.05 to 464.95 311.00 to 560.67 337.57 to 532.94

Statistics

Family (2 Adults + 2 Children)


There was a significant difference in the cost of the HFAB depending upon the

category of food shops where data was collected (Table 11). The mean cost of the

HFAB at Major Supermarkets was lower than Minor Supermarkets by $88 and

General and Convenience Shops by $128. Comparison of the HFAB cost with

different (80% versus 60% availability) eligibility criteria in General and

Convenience Shops showed minimal price difference, indicating that the relaxed

eligibility criteria of ≥60% food items available is valid for cost calculations at these

food shops.

Table 11 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by food shop

categories and SEIFA tertiles

Eligibility of Major and Minor Supermarkets minimum 80% of the items available; eligibility for General and

Convenience Shops a minimum 80% of the items available; b minimum 60% of the items available. Price for

remaining items calculated as the average price of that food in the same category of food shops. SEIFA 1 most

disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3 least disadvantaged area




Mean 352.01 355.69 346.91 360.62

Median 345.92 347.83 344.69 354.61

Range 311.00 to 413.38 339.04 to 388.05 311.00 to 413.38 337.57 to 391.96



Mean 440.25 425.21 442.77 447.66

Median 437.06 430.54 437.90 442.77

Range 378.16 to 550.76 393.84 to 444.68 378.16 to 550.76 397.20 to 507.89


Shops meeting eligibility criteriaa 21 0 13 8

Mean 473.60 479.12 464.62

Median 472.52 472.52 464.59

Range 404.48 to 560.67 414.15 to 560.67 404.48 to 532.94


Shops meeting eligibility criteriab 33 2 18 13

Mean 479.67 451.34 485.00 476.64

Median 483.32 485.93 484.17

Range 404.48 to 560.67 437.37 to 464.95 414.15 to 560.67 404.48 to 532.94

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Category of shop Statistics

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Figure 1 is the graphical representation of the cost of the HFAB for two adults and

two children by food shop categories and SEIFA tertiles. This figure shows the cost

of the HFAB and includes all food shops, median and interquartile ranges across

Tasmania by shop category.

Figure 1 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category

and by SEIFA tertiles presented as median and an interquartile range

These results indicate that people with easy access to Major Supermarkets may be

able to buy a less expensive HFAB than people who prefer to buy at, or who may

have access only to, the Minor Supermarkets or General and Convenience Shops. In

addition, it may be difficult for people to get a full HFAB if they do not access to

Major Supermarkets or Minor Supermarkets because the data indicates that only

35% of the General and Convenience Shops had ≥80% and 55% had ≥60% of the

HFAB items available.

Irrespective of SEIFA Major Supermarkets were the least expensive shops to

purchase the HFAB. The following reasons may have contributed to the difference in

cost of the HFAB between the different shop categories:

3 0 0

3 2 5

3 5 0

3 7 5

4 0 0

4 2 5

4 5 0

4 7 5

5 0 0

5 2 5

5 5 0

5 7 5

6 0 0

Fo

rtn

igh

tly

co

st o

f H

FB

in

AU

D

M a j o r

S u p e r m a r k e t

M i n o r


G e n e r a l a n d C o n v e n i e n c e

S h o p

T a s m a n ia


- Major Supermarkets stock both branded and private label brands (e.g. generic

brand, Coles, Woolworth select etc.). Private label brands are often cheaper

but of similar nutritional value as the branded products.

- Major Supermarkets have weekly specials for a large range of foods including

milk and bread.

- Minor Supermarkets stock less number of brands for individual food

products.

- Minor Supermarkets have fewer foods on special and discounted prices.

- General and Convenience Shops are often used as top-up or emergency food

shops. These food shops stock only one or two brands for different food items

and rarely private label brands. In addition, General and Convenience Shops

rarely have any specials or discounted prices for available food items.

Data from this current study show that out of 938 different food items (including 44

food items and various brands), for which price data was available from 23 Major

Supermarkets, 15.4% (144) of food items were offered at special/ discounted price.

At Minor Supermarkets (37 food shops) special/discounted price items made 11.5%

(179 out of 1555) of total available items. In contrast, the discount/specials made up

only 3% (48 out of 1584) of the total available items at 60 General and Convenience

Shops.


3.2.2.1.2 Cost of FV and FFV components of HFAB

Similar to the cost of the HFAB, the cost of FV was less expensive at the Major

Supermarkets than Minor Supermarkets or General and Convenience Shops (Table

12). As an average the FV component of the HFAB at the Major Supermarkets was

$30 cheaper than other categories of food shops. The cost at the Minor Supermarket

and General and Convenience Shops was similar. In addition, the price of FV

component of the HFAB was similar irrespective of SEIFA tertiles within the same

category of food shops.

Table 12 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for two adults and two

children by shop category and SEIFA tertile

Eligibility criteria for Major Supermarkets and Minor Supermarkets: minimum 80% of the items available;

Eligibility criteria for General and Convenience Shops: minimum 60% of the items available. Price for remaining

items calculated as the average price of that food in the same category of food shops. SEIFA 1 most





Mean 158.73 158.57 156.85 162.90

Median 159.55 157.73 157.39 164.41

Range 144.33 to 182.37 150.51 to 168.29 144.96 to 182.37 144.33 to 178.69



Mean 188.55 182.66 189.77 190.03

Median 188.70 184.82 186.90 191.58

Range 153.58 to 247.49 158.45 to 208.66 153.58 to 247.49 163.46 to 214.82



Mean 191.60 164.58 197.69 175.39

Median 195.27 197.27 183.91

Range 164.58 to 227.23 169.14 to 227.23 168.37 to 218.54



Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)


Cost of the FFV component of the HFAB by shop category was lowest (average cost

of $110.96) at the Fruit and Vegetable Shops and highest at Minor Supermarkets

(average cost of $132.79). There was a difference of $10 between Major Supermarkets

and Fruit and Vegetable Shops and the same difference between Major

Supermarkets and the Minor Supermarkets (Table 13).

Table 13 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for two adults and two









Mean 121.90 121.23 119.86 126.77

Median 123.58 118.55 118.12 127.88

Range 107.44 to 136.32 112.13 to 135.69 107.44 to 136.22 111.06 to 135.44



Mean 132.79 129.12 133.98 131.50

Median 132.97 128.45 133.80 131.20

Range 102.42 to 179.59 108.55 to 155.70 102.42 to 179.59 113.72 to 152.45



Mean 129.82 116.59 131.88 128.06

Median 128.72 129.56 125.67

Range 106.48 to 168.55 116.41 to 168.55 106.48 to 154.47



Mean 110.96 111.19 112.02 108.96

Median 111.19 119.50 103.35

Range 70.53 to 130.87 70.53 to 130.87 97.51 to 126.37

Statistics


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

Category of shop

Fruit and Vegetable

Shops (category 4)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


3.2.2.2 One adult and two children


Presented in Table 14 are the costs of the HFAB for one adult and two children

across Tasmania including the mean (± SD), median and range for a fortnight.

Although mean ($297) and median ($300) cost of the HFAB were similar, there was a

large variability in the lowest and highest cost of the HFAB ($212 and $392,

respectively). Interestingly, the cost of the HFAB was lowest in SEIFA 1 (most

disadvantaged) compared to SEIFA 2 and 3 (least disadvantaged) areas. Both the

lowest and the highest cost the HFAB was represented by food shops in SEIFA 2.

Table 14 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for one adult

and two children




Mean ± SD 296.51 ± 42.17 279.68 ± 29.47 297.91 ± 45.04 301.29 ± 40.20

Median 299.86 288.11 302.10 300.56

Range 211.50 to 391.50 232.63 to 319.75 211.50 to 391.50 232.58 to 365.77

Statistics

Family (1 Adult + 2 Children)


The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB by shop category for one adult

and two children, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles are presented in Table 15.

Table 15 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category

and SEIFA tertile








Mean 242.34 244.99 238.33 249.25

Median 238.49 239.77 237.69 243.57

Range 211.5 to 284.33 232.63 to 267.79 211.50 to 284.33 232.58 to 273.31



Mean 302.42 292.20 304.13 307.44

Median 299.09 295.40 300.98 303.95

Range 258.48 to 377.89 270.97 to 307.42 258.48 to 377.89 274.69 to 347.17



Mean 329.33 311.49 332.64 327.48

Median 334.36 334.56 336.40

Range 280.30 to 391.50 303.23 to 319.75 285.50 to 391.50 280.32 to 365.77

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)



Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)



The mean, median and range for cost of the FV components of the HFAB by shop

category for a one adult and two children, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles is

presented in Table 16.

Table 16 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for one adult and two children

by shop category and SEIFA tertile





SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA3



Mean 108.94 108.93 107.46 112.17

Median 109.47 108.65 106.77 112.05

Range 98.49 to 124.99 101.66 to 116.75 98.49 to 124.99 101.15 to 123.74



Mean 129.43 125.53 130.12 130.93

Median 129.58 126.82 129.38 131.02

Range 105.61 to 169.66 109.39 to 143.21 105.61 to 169.66 113.82 to 146.64



Mean 130.80 112.69 134.012 130.80

Median 132.51 133.38 130.31

Range 112.69 to 157.57 116.52 to 157.57 114.97 to 151.82


Tasmania

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

StatisticsCategory of shop


The mean, median and range for cost of the FFV components of the HFAB by shop

categories for a one adult and two children, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles is

presented in Table 17. Similar to the family type of two adult and two children, the

results indicate that for the FFV components of the HFAB, Fruit and Vegetable Shops

were less expensive than all other shop categories from a state perspective and

across all SEIFA tertiles.

Table 17 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for one adult and two





disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3: least. SEIFA 1 most disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3 least disadvantaged area




Mean 85.02 84.56 83.47 88.67

Median 85.05 82.37 81.09 89.41

Range 75.43 to 95.38 78.13 to 95.38 75.43 to 94.65 79.61 to 94.60



Mean 92.56 90.17 93.21 92.31

Median 92.42 89.18 92.68 91.12

Range 71.96 to 125.23 76.58 to 108.12 71.96 to 125.23 81.10 to 106.35



Mean 89.97 80.76 91.17 89.09

Median 88.92 89.55 88.44

Range 72.78 to 117.98 81.93 to 117.98 72.78 to 109.08



Mean 77.28 76.66 77.63 76.72

Median 76.66 80.56 72.31

Range 48.84 to 93.03 48.84 to 93.03 68.98 to 88.65

Statistics


Category of shop

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Fruit and Vegetable

Shops (category 4)


3.2.2.3 Single adult male


Presented in Table 18 are the costs of the HFAB for a single adult across Tasmania

including the mean (± SD), median and range for fortnight1. Although mean ($135)

and median ($138) cost of the HFAB were similar, there was a large variability in the

lowest and highest cost of the HFAB ($99 and $174, respectively). Interestingly, the

cost of the HFAB was lowest in SEIFA 1 (most disadvantaged) compared to SEIFA 2

and 3 (less disadvantaged) areas. Both the lowest and the highest cost the HFAB was

represented by food shops in SEIFA 2.

Table 18 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for a single

adult male


1 This may underestimate the cost of the HFAB due to some pack sizes being more suitable for a family than for a

single adult male.



Mean ± SD 135.22 ± 20.01 126.57 ± 13.89 136.32 ± 21.02 136.88 ± 19.79

Median 136.73 130.51 137.39 136.47

Range 98.67 to 173.52 105.19 to 145.77 98.67 to 173.52 104.14 to 167.20

Statistics

Single Adult


The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB by shop category for a one single

adult male, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles is presented in Table 19.

Table 19 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category by

SEIFA tertile








Mean 109.24 110.02 108.25 110.88

Median 107.64 107.18 107.05 110.40

Range 98.67 to 129.43 105.19 to 120.55 98.67 to 129.43 104.13 to 117.52



Mean 138.04 132.94 138.90 140.53

Median 136.89 134.65 136.89 139.66

Range 119.45 to 173.24 123.24 to 138.13 119.45 to 173.24 122.19 to 160.60



Mean 151.24 140.52 153.16 150.24

Median 152.16 152.81 155.40

Range 125.93 to 173.52 135.27 to 145.77 128.80 to 173.52 125.93 to 167.20

Single Adult

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)




The mean, median and range for cost of FV component of the HFAB by shop

category for a single adult male, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles are presented in

Table 20.

Table 20 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for a single adult male by

shop category and SEIFA tertile




disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3: least. SEIFA 1: most disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3: least disadvantaged area

SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3



Mean 51.12 51.00 50.74 52.00

Median 51.75 51.36 50.92 53.13

Range 44.56 to 59.09 48.55 to 52.75 45.44 to 59.09 44.56 to 55.94



Mean 61.32 59.07 61.98 61.58

Median 61.10 59.82 61.36 62.93

Range 49.82 to 79.73 50.95 to 67.33 49.82 to 79.73 51.56 to 71.73



Mean 63.42 54.71 65.64 63.41

Median 63.38 54.71 65.18 63.61

Range 54.71 to 76.74 54.71 55.22 to 76.74 55.14 to 72.19

Single Adult

Statistics

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)

Category of shop Tasmania


The mean, median and range for cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for a single

adult male, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles is presented in Table 21. Similar to

the two adult and two child family, the results indicate that for the FFV components

of the HFAB, Fruit and Vegetables Shops were less expensive than all other shop

categories from both a state perspective and SEIFA-3.

Table 21 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for a single male by shop

category and SEIFA tertile




disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3: least. SEIFA 1: most disadvantaged area; SEIFA 3: least disadvantaged area




Mean 37.17 36.97 36.70 38.34

Median 37.73 36.54 37.26 38.86

Range 30.92 to 41.96 34.46 to 40.35 30.92 to 41.96 31.84 to 41.57



Mean 40.67 39.32 41.23 39.61

Median 40.45 39.51 40.44 40.52

Range 30.84 to 55.02 32.37 to 47.96 30.84 to 55.02 33.06 to 46.39



Mean 40.28 36.27 41.14 39.38

Median 40.15 40.18 39.01

Range 32.18 to 50.86 34.91 to 50.86 32.18 to 47.76



Mean 34.10 35.02 34.82 32.64

Median 34.47 36.70 32.40

Range 22.04 to 41.37 22.04 to 41.37 28.73 to 38.14

Statistics

Single Adult

Fruit and Vegetable

Shops (category 4)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Category of shop


3.2.2.4 Single older female


Presented in Table 22 are the costs of the HFAB for an older female across Tasmania

including the mean (± SD), median and range for a fortnight2. Although mean ($105)

and median ($106) cost of the HFAB were similar, there was a large variability in the

lowest and highest cost of the HFAB ($76 and $137, respectively). Interestingly, the

cost of the HFAB was lowest in SEIFA 1 (most disadvantaged) compared to SEIFA 2

and 3 (less disadvantaged) areas. Both the lowest and the highest cost the HFAB was

represented by food shops in SEIFA 2.

Table 22 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB in Tasmania and by SEIFA tertiles for an older

female


2 This may underestimate the cost of the HFAB due to some pack sizes being more suitable for a family than for

an older female.

Tasmania SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA 3


Mean + SD 104.59 + 14.63 98.83 + 9.97 105.11 + 15.59 106.13 + 14.15

Median 105.56 101.98 105.87 105.2

Range 76.18 to 136.62 82.69 to 112.23 76.18 to 136.62 82.52 to 129.54

StatisticsOlder Female


The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB by shop category for an older

female, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles are presented in Table 23.

Table 23 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for an older female by shop category and SEIFA

tertile








Mean 85.98 87.08 84.56 88.34

Median 84.33 85.80 83.91 86.86

Range 76.18 to 100.73 82.69 to 94.02 76.18 to 100.73 82.52 to 96.72



Mean 106.60 103.15 107.11 108.76

Median 105.39 104.53 105.80 106.95

Range 90.70 to 132.43 95.52 to 108.67 90.70 to 132.43 96.62 to 124.53



Mean 116.05 109.35 117.30 115.34

Median 117.19 117.93 116.34

Range 99.23 to 136.62 106.47 to 112.23 100.15 to 136.62 99.23 to 129.54

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Older Female


3.2.2.4.2 Cost of FV and FFV component of HFAB

The mean, median and range for cost of FV component of the HFAB for an older

female, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles are presented in Table 24.

Table 24 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for an older female by shop






SEIFA 1 SEIFA 2 SEIFA3



Mean 39.65 39.68 39.00 41.05

Median 39.58 39.30 38.96 41.23

Range 35.70 to 45.72 37.38 to 42.74 35.70 to 45.07 36.15 to 45.72



Mean 46.69 45.31 47.03 47.13

Median 46.77 45.06 46.79 46.91

Range 37.85 to 61.56 39.39 to 51.95 37.85 to 61.56 40.58 to 52.93



Mean 47.30 40.93 48.56 47.33

Median 48.01 48.74 47.31

Range 40.93 to 56.33 41.66 to 56.33 41.79 to 54.38

Older Female

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

StatisticsCategory of shop Tasmania

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


The mean, median and range for cost of FFV component of the HFAB by shop

category for an older female, across Tasmania and SEIFA tertiles is presented in

Table 25. Similar to the two adult and two child family, these results indicate that for

the FFV components of the HFAB, Fruit and Vegetable Shops were less expensive

than all other shop categories from a state perspective and across all SEIFA tertiles.

Table 25 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for an older female by shop









Mean 31.17 30.97 30.45 32.67

Median 31.48 30.12 30.09 33.31

Range 27.10 to 35.02 28.60 to 35.02 27.10 to 34.40 28.48 to 34.80



Mean 33.61 32.78 33.85 33.41

Median 33.54 32.27 33.77 33.18

Range 25.91 to 45.66 27.75 to 39.52 25.91 to 45.66 29.01 to 39.30



Mean 32.80 29.43 33.27 32.43

Median 32.24 32.28 32.25

Range 26.82 to 42.33 29.33 to 42.33 26.82 to 39.11



Mean 28.00 28.24 28.27 27.47

Median 28.24 29.96 26.00

Range 17.90 to 33.61 17.90 to 33.61 24.83 to 31.57

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Fruit and Vegetable

Shops

(category 4)


Older Female


3.2.3 Affordability of HFAB, FV and FFV within Tasmania

In this section the affordability of the HFAB, and the FV and FFV components of the

HFAB by family type across 28 Local Government Areas is considered in Figures 2-

7. The affordability refers to the percentage of fortnightly Government assistance

income required to purchase the HFAB, and FV and FFV components of the HFAB

by family type.

For the purpose of this study, affordability is calculated based on the Government

assistance income available to the four family types in December 2013. These

amounts were determined using the methodology by Palermo et al (Palermo and

Wilson, 2007) for monitoring the affordability of a healthy food basket in Victoria as

of December 2013 (Table 26)

Table 26 Government assistance income by family type as at December 2013

Fortnightly Government assistance income provided by authors of the VHFB ((Palermo and Wilson, 2007)

Results indicate that there was considerable difference between the percentage of

Government assistance income required to purchase the HFAB, and FV and FFV

components of the HFAB between shop categories with the pattern of difference

being consistent across all family types (refer to Section 6.4 for a summary of data).

Family Type Family characteristics Income sourceGovernment

Assistance Income

Two adults and two

children (2+2)

2 parents (44 year old adult male and

female) with 2 fully dependent children

(18 year old female and 8 year old male)



1 adult and 2 children

(1+2)

1 parents (44 year old adult female) with 2

fully dependent children (18 year old

femail and 8 year old male)



Single male Adult male >31 years old Newstart allowance $501.00

Older female 71 year old female Age pension $751.70



3.2.3.1.1 Affordability of HFAB for two adults and two children

As with the cost of the HFAB, the affordability of the HFAB, if bought at different

categories of shops, was also different. While at a Major Supermarket, a family of

two adults and two children may spend 22-30% of their Government assistance

income the affordability at the Minor Supermarkets and General and Convenience

Shops lies between 28-42% (Figure 2).

The affordability of the HFAB was up to 36% of the Government assistance income

at 75% of food shops (68 out of 90 food shops) of the shops eligible for cost analyses.

The affordability of the HFAB was between 36 and 42% at the remaining 25% of food

shops (21 out of 90 food shops).

Figure 2 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the

HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category presented as median and

interquartile range

2 0

2 2

2 4

2 6

2 8

3 0

3 2

3 4

3 6

3 8

4 0

4 2

4 4

Affo

rd

ab

ilit

y o

f H

FB

as

%o

f w

elf

ar

e i

nc

om

e

M a j o r


M i n o r


G e n e r a l a n d

C o n v e n i e n c e S h o p

T a s m a n ia


3.2.3.1.2 Affordability of HFAB by SEIFA areas for two adults and two

children

Figure 3 is the graphical representation of the affordability data separated by

categories of food shops in different SEIFA areas. As with the cost of the HFAB, the

data shows that a family with easy access to Major Supermarket will need to spend

least amount of their Government assistance income on healthy food than the

families having access to only General and Convenience Shops, irrespective of the

location of the food shops based on socio-economic area (SEIFA).


HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and SEIFA presented as

median and interquartile range

2 0

2 2

2 4

2 6

2 8

3 0

3 2

3 4

3 6

3 8

4 0

4 2

Affo

rd

ab

ilit

y o

f H

FB

as

%o

f w

elf

ar

e i

nc

om

e

S E I F A 1 S E I F A 1 S E I F A 1S E I F A 2 S E I F A 2 S E I F A 2S E I F A 3 S E I F A 3 S E I F A 3

M a j o r S u p e r m a r k e t s M i n o r S u p e r m a r k e t s G e n e r a l a n d C o n v e n i e n c e S h o p s


3.2.3.1.3 Affordability of FFV component of HFAB for two adults and

two children

Figure 4 includes data on the affordability of fresh fruit and vegetables by shop

category. This data indicates that an average of 9.25% of Government assistance

income will go towards buying fresh fruit and vegetable.

Although Fruit and Vegetable Shops were least expensive, accounting for 8.2% of

Government assistance income, the difference in average affordability of fruit and

vegetables ranged between 9.1 and 9.8% between Major Supermarkets, Minor

Supermarkets and General and Convenience Shops.

This suggests that it was the 34 other components of the HFAB that influence the

cost of the basket which may vary between the various shop categories.


FFV component of the HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category

presented as median and interquartile range

5

6

7

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

Affo

rd

ab

ilit

y o

f f

re

sh

fr

uit

an

d v

eg

eta

ble

s a

s %

we

lfa

re

in

co

me

M a j o r


M i n o r


G e n e r a l a n d


F r u i t a n d

V e g e t a b l e s h o p

T a s m a n ia



Figure 5 includes data on the affordability of the HFAB. This data indicates that an

average of 23% of Government assistance income will go towards buying the HFAB

from a Major Supermarket, 29% from a Minor Supermarket and 32% from a General

and Convenience Shop.


HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category presented as median and

interquartile range

2 0

2 2

2 4

2 6

2 8

3 0

3 2

3 4

3 6

3 8

4 0

Affo

rd

ab

ilit

y o

f H

FB

as

%o

f w

elf

ar

e i

nc

om

e

M a j o r


M i n o r


G e n e r a l a n d


C a t e g o r y o f s h o p

T a s m a n ia








HFAB for a single adult male by shop category presented as median and

interquartile range

1 5

2 0

2 5

3 0

3 5

4 0

Affo

rd

ab

ilit

y o

f H

FB

as

%o

f w

elf

ar

e i

nc

om

e

M a j o r


M i n o r


G e n e r a l a n d


C a t e g o r y o f s h o p

T a s m a n ia







Figure 7 Percentage of Government Assistance Income required to purchase the

HFAB for an older female by shop category presented as median and interquartile

range

8

1 0

1 2

1 4

1 6

1 8

2 0

Aff

ord

ab

ilit

y o

f H

FB

as

%o

f w

elf

are

in

co

me

M a jo r

S u p e rm a rk e t

M in o r

S u p e rm a rk e t

G e n e ra l a n d

C o n v e n ie n c e S h o p

C a te g o ry o f s h o p

T a sm a n ia


3.3 Local Government Area Analyses

In this section the number of food shops as well as the availability and cost of the

HFAB, and FV and FFV components of the HFAB by LGA is shown, where it was

possible to de-identify the data.


3.3.1 Number of food shops in each LGA by SEIFA

The table below (Table 27) provides a snapshot of the number of food shops in the

four categories by SEIFA and LGA.

Table 27 Number and category of food shops in each LGA and SEIFA tertile

T1, T2, T3 are the three tertiles of SEIFA. T1 Most disadvantaged; T3 Least disadvantaged. Zero means no food

shops were identified by the LGA in this category

T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total

1 Break O'Day 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5

2 Brighton 1 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 1 0 2 3 0 1 1 2 9

3 Burnie 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 4 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 9

4 Central Coast 0 1 1 2 0 5 1 6 0 2 3 5 0 2 3 5 18

5 Central Highlands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 9

6 Circular Head 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 4 5 9 0 1 0 1 13

7 Clarence 2 1 1 4 1 1 3 5 1 3 8 12 0 0 3 3 24

8 Derwent Valley 0 1 1 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 9

9 Devonport 0 3 0 3 0 4 0 4 0 4 2 6 0 6 1 7 20

10 Dorset 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 2 1 3 10

11 Flinders 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3

12 George Town 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 1 7

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 0 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 7

14 Glenorchy 0 4 0 4 1 1 0 2 0 12 5 17 0 2 0 2 25

15 Hobart 0 1 5 6 0 0 0 0 0 3 11 14 0 1 5 6 26

16 Huon Valley 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 3 7 0 1 0 1 10

17 Kentish 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 2 1 5 2 1 1 4 10

18 King Island 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2

19 Kingborough 0 1 2 3 0 0 3 3 0 4 5 9 0 1 3 4 19

20 Latrobe 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 7

21 Launceston 0 5 4 9 1 8 2 11 0 9 10 19 0 3 2 5 44

22 Meander Valley 0 2 0 2 0 2 1 3 0 1 4 5 0 2 0 2 12

23 Northern Midlands 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 7

24 Sorell 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 1 6 0 0 1 1 10

25 Southern Midlands 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 5

26 Tasman 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 4

27 Waratah/Wynyard 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 3 0 2 3 5 0 2 0 2 11

28 West Coast 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 6

29 West Tamar 0 0 2 2 0 4 0 4 0 2 3 5 0 0 1 1 12

4 29 17 50 7 58 17 82 6 85 74 165 2 30 24 56 353

14% 23% 47% 16%

Number of

shops in

each LGA

Local Government Areas

Total

Percent of total shops in each category

1. Major

Supermarkets

2. Minor

Supermarkets

3. General and

Convenience Shops

4. Fruit and Vegetable

Shops


3.3.2 Number of food shops where data was collected in

each LGA by SEIFA

The number of food shops included in data collection in each LGA by SEIFA is

summarised in table 28.

Table 28 Number of food shops included in HFAB dataset from 28 LGAs across

Tasmania

T1, T2, T3 are the three tertiles of SEIFA. T1: Most disadvantaged; T3: Least disadvantaged

T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total T1 T2 T3 Total

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 3

2 Brighton 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 0 6

3 Burnie 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 2 2 6

4 Central Coast 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 8

5 Central Highlands 0 0 3 3 0 3

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 0 6

7 Clarence 2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 9

8 Derwent Valley 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

9 Devonport 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 4 9

10 Dorset 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 4

11 Flinders 0 0 0 0 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 3

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 1 1 2 1 3 0 4

14 Glenorchy 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 6

15 Hobart 1 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 5

16 Huon Valley 1 1 0 1 1 0 2

17 Kentish 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 6

18 King Island 0 1 1 1 1 0 2

19 Kingborough 1 1 0 3 2 5 2 2 8

20 Latrobe 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4

21 Launceston 2 1 3 1 3 4 2 3 5 1 1 13

22 Meander Valley 0 1 1 2 1 1 0 3

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 0 7

24 Sorell 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 3

25 Southern Midlands 0 1 1 2 2 0 3

26 Tasman 0 1 1 1 1 0 2

27 Waratah/Wynyard 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 4

28 West Coast 0 2 2 2 2 0 4

29 West Tamar 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 0 5

4 13 6 23 6 26 5 37 3 33 24 60 1 14 7 22 142

16% 26% 42% 15%


Number of

Shops in

each LGA

Total

Percent of total shops where data was collected

1. Major Supermarkets 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and

Convenience Shops

4. Fruit and Vegetable

Shops


3.3.3 Number of food shops meeting 90%, 80% and 60%

eligibility criteria for HFAB by LGA

The number of food shops included in data collection meeting 90%, 80% and 60%

eligibility criteria for the HFAB by LGA is summarised in Table 29.

Table 29 Number of food shops with at least 80% (60% for General and

Convenience Shops) of the HFAB items on shelves for individual LGAs

Available

shops

Shops

where data

was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

Available

shops

Shops

where data

was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

Available

shops

Shops

where data

was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

≥ 60%

items

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 0

2 Brighton 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 0 0 2

3 Burnie 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 1 0

4 Central Coast 2 1 1 1 6 3 2 2 5 2 0 0 0

5 Central Highlands 0 0 0 9 3 1 1 2

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 4 0 0 2

7 Clarence 4 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 12 1 0 0 1

8 Derwent Valley 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0

9 Devonport 3 1 1 1 4 1 0 1 6 1 0 0 0

10 Dorset 1 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 0 0 1

11 Flinders 0 1 0 2 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 0

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 4 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 3

14 Glenorchy 4 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 17 2 1 1 1

15 Hobart 6 1 1 1 0 14 2 2 2 2

16 Huon Valley 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 1 0 0 0

17 Kentish 0 0 1 1 1 1 5 4 0 1 1

18 King Island 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

19 Kingborough 3 1 1 1 3 0 9 5 0 1 3

20 Latrobe 0 0 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0

21 Launceston 9 3 3 3 11 4 3 4 19 5 0 2 2

22 Meander Valley 2 0 3 2 1 1 5 1 0 0 0

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 1 4 5

24 Sorell 2 0 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 2 2

25 Southern Midlands 0 0 2 1 0 1 3 2 1 1 1

26 Tasman 0 0 2 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1

27 Waratah/Wynyard 1 0 3 1 1 1 5 2 0 0 1

28 West Coast 0 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0

29 West Tamar 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 5 2 0 2 2

50 23 23 23 82 37 31 34 165 60 9 21 33Total

1. Major Supermarkets 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and Convenience

Shops



3.3.4 Number of food shops with at least 90% of FV and

FFV component of HFAB by LGA

Table 30 indicates that there were a number of LGAs that had limited food shops

available that stocked at least 90% of the FV component of the HFAB.

Table 30 Number of food shops with at least 90% of FV and FFV on shelves for

individual LGAs

Availab

le

shops

Shops

where

data was

collected

≥

90%

FV

≥

90%

FFV

Availabl

e shops

Shops

where

data was

collected

≥

90%

FV

≥

90%

FFV

Availabl

e shops

Shops

where data

was

collected

≥

90%

FV

≥ 90%

FFV

Availab

le

shops

Shops

where

data was

collected

≥

90%

FV

≥ 90%

FFV

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 0 0 0

2 Brighton 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 0

3 Burnie 2 1 1 1 4 3 3 3 1 0 2 2 0 2

4 Central Coast 2 1 1 1 6 3 3 3 5 2 0 0 5 2 0 2

5 Central Highlands 0 0 9 3 1 1 0 0

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 4 1 2 1 0

7 Clarence 4 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 12 1 0 0 3 2 1 2

8 Derwent Valley 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 1 0 1

9 Devonport 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 6 1 0 0 7 4 0 4

10 Dorset 1 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 1 1 3 2 0 2

11 Flinders 0 1 0 2 0 0 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 0 0 1 0

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 4 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 0 0

14 Glenorchy 4 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 17 2 1 1 2 1 0 1

15 Hobart 6 1 1 1 0 14 2 2 2 6 2 1 1

16 Huon Valley 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 1 0 0 1 0

17 Kentish 0 1 1 1 1 5 4 1 1 4 1 0 1

18 King Island 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

19 Kingborough 3 1 1 1 3 0 9 5 0 1 4 2 1 2

20 Latrobe 0 3 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 2 1 0 1

21 Launceston 9 3 3 3 11 4 4 4 19 5 1 2 5 1 0 1

22 Meander Valley 2 0 3 2 1 2 5 1 0 0 2 0

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 4 0 0

24 Sorell 2 0 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 0

25 Southern Midlands 0 2 1 0 0 3 2 1 1 0 0

26 Tasman 0 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 0 0

27 Waratah/Wynyard 1 0 3 1 1 1 5 2 0 1 2 1 0 1

28 West Coast 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0

29 West Tamar 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 5 2 1 2 1 0

50 23 23 23 82 37 34 35 165 60 19 26 56 22 3 21Total

1. Major Supermarkets 2. Minor Supermarkets 4. Fruit and Vegetable

shops

3. General and Convenience

shops

Local Government

Areas


3.3.5 Cost of HFAB, FV, FFV by family type

Table 31 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-identified

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 4 2 2 432.37 298.58 134.97 104.83 0

2 Brighton 2 2 2 343.62 235.56 106.94 84.40 2 1 1 454.38 312.00 143.93 109.68 3 3 2 468.20 322.66 146.67 113.52

3 Burnie 2 1 1 337.57 232.58 105.36 82.63 4 3 3 447.30 307.20 139.92 109.11 1 0

4 Central Coast 2 1 1 345.92 237.69 108.20 83.91 6 3 2 435.14 300.07 135.37 105.37 5 2 0

5 Central Highlands 0 0 0 9 3 2 523.43 358.96 164.52 126.32

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 2 1 1 531.30 365.57 167.45 129.14 9 4 2 493.33 339.20 156.08 119.59

7 Clarence 4 3 3 350.83 241.82 108.18 86.43 5 3 3 412.43 283.03 128.76 99.86 12 1 1 464.95 319.75 145.77 112.23

8 Derwent Valley 2 1 1 413.38 284.33 129.43 100.73 3 2 2 436.98 298.86 137.10 106.63 2 2 0

9 Devonport 3 1 1 328.65 224.61 104.12 84.33 4 1 1 474.81 327.00 148.06 114.58 6 1 0

10 Dorset 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 1 501.53 342.71 159.55 120.81

11 Flinders 0 1 0 2 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 2 1 1 444.68 307.42 137.46 108.67 3 1 0

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 4 1 1 439.02 302.10 137.05 105.72 3 3 3 464.46 317.29 147.84 112.19

14 Glenorchy 4 2 2 340.10 233.44 105.54 82.88 2 1 0 17 2 1 463.96 320.06 145.80 112.61

15 Hobart 6 1 1 341.01 236.27 104.14 82.52 0 14 2 2 444.33 308.67 137.61 108.12

16 Huon Valley 1 1 1 1 0 7 1 0

17 Kentish 0 0 1 1 1 5 4 1 483.32 334.75 148.50 117.19

18 King Island 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

19 Kingborough 3 1 1 391.96 273.31 117.49 96.72 3 0 9 5 3 508.79 349.78 159.19 123.01

20 Latrobe 0 0 3 1 1 394.20 270.74 123.43 95.44 2 2 0

21 Launceston 9 3 3 351.46 243.98 107.57 85.64 11 4 4 448.03 308.47 139.86 108.28 19 5 2 489.56 334.67 155.46 119.39

22 Meander Valley 2 0 3 2 1 431.16 295.91 135.39 104.21 5 1 0

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 446.18 304.38 142.37 107.66

24 Sorell 2 0 1 1 1 6 2 2 501.33 348.23 155.54 121.40

25 Southern Midlands 0 0 2 1 1 489.25 334.62 154.60 117.49 3 2 1 414.15 285.50 128.80 100.15

26 Tasman 0 0 2 1 1 476.35 320.81 156.35 115.84 2 1 1 490.33 335.24 156.19 118.83

27 Waratah/Wynyard 1 0 3 1 1 460.25 318.34 142.05 111.45 5 2 1 517.19 358.05 162.43 125.39

28 West Coast 0 0 4 2 2 407.76 280.29 127.91 98.73 2 2 0

29 West Tamar 2 1 1 352.37 241.21 110.61 86.02 4 2 2 407.47 279.17 128.31 98.29 5 2 2 502.31 343.01 160.10 121.37

1. Major Supermarket 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and Convenience Shops



Table 32 Cost (in AUD) of FV, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-identified

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 4 2 2 184.61 127.32 59.53 45.85 0

2 Brighton 2 2 2 158.59 107.69 52.02 39.78 2 1 1 191.58 131.02 62.93 46.91 3 3 1 164.58 112.69 54.71 40.93

3 Burnie 2 1 1 159.55 109.47 51.81 39.94 4 3 3 182.22 126.30 58.19 45.90 1 0

4 Central Coast 2 1 1 160.11 109.61 51.86 39.91 6 3 3 197.81 135.55 65.18 48.97 5 2 0

5 Central Highlands 0 0 9 3 1 221.66 147.08 76.74 53.91

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 2 1 1 221.17 151.40 72.11 55.02 9 4 1 197.83 135.16 65.18 48.86

7 Clarence 4 3 3 162.72 112.61 51.33 40.91 5 3 3 171.80 118.40 55.52 42.45 12 1 0

8 Derwent Valley 2 1 1 157.39 106.77 51.75 39.25 3 1 1 190.94 129.77 62.36 46.73 2 1 0

9 Devonport 3 1 1 182.37 124.99 59.09 45.07 4 2 2 188.50 129.82 60.57 47.02 6 2 0

10 Dorset 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 1 203.83 138.91 67.89 50.06

11 Flinders 0 1 0 2 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 2 1 1 192.95 133.26 61.34 48.86 3 1 0

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 4 1 1 175.18 119.51 57.73 43.05 3 3 2 183.02 125.03 60.32 44.98

14 Glenorchy 4 2 2 153.31 104.60 49.85 37.86 2 1 0 17 2 1 199.15 138.12 63.76 49.49

15 Hobart 6 1 1 144.33 101.15 44.56 36.15 0 14 2 2 185.88 108.35 59.81 46.36

16 Huon Valley 1 1 1 1 0 7 1 0

17 Kentish 0 1 1 1 5 4 1 227.23 157.57 71.93 56.33

18 King Island 0 1 1 1 1 1

19 Kingborough 3 1 1 165.55 113.21 53.41 42.03 3 0 9 5 1 209.85 143.19 69.88 51.85

20 Latrobe 0 3 1 1 173.59 118.75 56.77 42.65 2 2 0

21 Launceston 9 3 3 158.79 110.56 49.60 40.06 11 4 4 202.77 139.50 65.40 49.84 19 5 1 185.02 110.56 63.38 46.11

22 Meander Valley 2 0 3 2 1 177.12 123.06 56.16 43.78 5 1 0

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 180.51 122.00 60.95 44.22

24 Sorell 2 0 1 1 1 6 2 1 168.37 115.93 55.14 41.79

25 Southern Midlands 0 2 1 0 3 2 1 169.14 116.52 55.22 41.66

26 Tasman 0 2 1 1 202.57 134.82 70.49 50.20 2 1 0

27 Waratah/Wynyard 1 0 3 1 1 185.91 128.70 59.71 45.98 5 2 0

28 West Coast 0 4 2 2 183.79 126.12 60.13 45.70 2 2 0

29 West Tamar 2 1 1 163.26 110.89 53.41 40.90 4 2 2 183.28 124.72 60.57 45.06 5 2 1 218.54 149.02 71.19 53.65

1. Major Supermarket 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and Convenience shops

Local Government Area


Table 33 Cost (in AUD) of FFV, by family type by LGA, where food shops were able to be de-identified

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Includesh

ops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Avail

shops

Include

shops

Eligible

shops

2+2

family

1+2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

1 Break O'Day 1 1 1 4 2 2 129.38 90.58 39.14 32.79 0 0

2 Brighton 2 2 2 125.13 86.15 39.22 32.08 2 1 1 133.41 93.24 40.79 33.64 3 3 1 116.59 80.76 36.27 29.43 2 0

3 Burnie 2 1 1 123.91 86.06 38.17 31.68 4 3 3 129.38 91.17 38.51 33.35 1 0 2 2 2 102.40 71.46 31.37 26.00

4 Central Coast 2 1 1 127.00 88.26 39.21 32.28 6 3 3 130.21 90.56 40.07 32.95 5 2 0 5 2 2 117.11 81.05 36.41 29.81

5 Central Highlands 0 0 0 9 3 1 150.48 101.83 49.27 37.65 0

6 Circular Head 1 1 1 2 1 1 160.85 111.39 50.11 40.83 9 4 2 131.59 92.76 37.26 33.24 1 0

7 Clarence 4 3 3 130.27 91.47 32.65 33.31 5 3 3 117.71 82.72 35.46 29.80 12 1 0 3 2 2 109.66 77.43 32.65 27.50

8 Derwent Valley 2 1 1 123.58 85.05 38.80 31.48 3 1 1 124.19 86.55 38.04 31.37 2 1 0 2 1 1 123.57 85.62 38.48 30.97

9 Devonport 3 1 1 130.56 90.88 40.01 33.00 4 2 2 132.44 92.76 39.98 33.89 6 2 0 7 4 4 106.90 73.61 33.82 26.85

10 Dorset 1 1 1 3 0 3 1 1 130.71 90.79 40.34 33.01 3 2 2 127.05 89.95 37.44 32.03

11 Flinders 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0

12 George Town 1 1 1 2 1 1 142.53 100.11 42.62 37.06 3 1 0 1 0

13 Glamorgan/Spring Bay 0 4 1 1 127.43 88.05 39.90 31.95 3 3 3 130.64 89.62 41.47 32.76 0

14 Glenorchy 4 2 2 117.75 81.84 36.20 29.74 2 1 0 17 2 1 142.18 99.88 42.70 35.78 2 1 1

15 Hobart 6 1 1 111.06 79.61 31.84 28.48 0 14 2 2 120.07 85.66 34.72 30.94 6 2 1 99.36 70.52 29.19 25.15

16 Huon Valley 1 1 1 1 0 7 1 0 1 0

17 Kentish 0 1 1 1 5 4 1 168.55 117.98 50.86 42.33 4 1 1 111.19 76.66 35.02 28.24

18 King Island 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

19 Kingborough 3 1 1 134.44 92.96 41.57 34.80 3 0 9 5 1 137.29 95.12 42.58 34.71 4 2

20 Latrobe 0 3 1 1 120.18 83.49 37.17 30.17 2 2 0 2 1 1 116.83 82.64 34.47 29.73

21 Launceston 9 3 3 116.43 83.14 33.57 30.18 11 4 4 143.13 100.38 43.17 35.97 19 5 2 139.53 96.97 33.57 35.56 5 1 1 120.96 83.88 37.50 30.65

22 Meander Valley 2 0 3 2 2 133.86 93.18 41.14 33.74 5 1 0 2 0

23 Northern Midlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 4 118.49 81.19 37.78 29.80 0

24 Sorell 2 0 1 1 1 6 2 1 106.48 74.63 32.18 26.98 1 0

25 Southern Midlands 0 2 1 0 3 2 0 0

26 Tasman 0 2 1 1 145.11 97.11 48.55 36.73 2 1 1 121.83 83.78 38.30 31.46 0

27 Waratah/Wynyard 1 0 3 1 1 130.49 91.95 39.05 32.79 5 2 1 130.71 90.79 40.34 33.01 2 1 1 123.87 82.86 41.37 30.97

28 West Coast 0 4 2 2 135.01 93.78 41.76 34.13 2 2 0 0

29 West Tamar 2 1 1 126.94 87.61 39.54 32.56 4 2 2 130.80 89.85 41.43 32.78 5 2 2 137.62 94.59 43.58 34.51 1 0

4. Fruit and Vegetable Shops

Local Governent Area

1. Major Supermarket 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and Convenience Shops


3.4 SA4 Analyses

The SA4 regions (ABS, 2010a) are geographical areas that provide what is considered

to be the best sub-state socio-economic breakdown data. This data has been

included because much of the other national and state level data relating to health

outcomes is available at this level and would provide an opportunity to make

comparisons across other jurisdictions and between health indicators using similar

data platforms. Table 34 indicates the four SA4 geographical regions of Tasmania

and the LGAs geographically situated within each.

Table 34 SA4 regions of Tasmania

Refer to ABS, 2011c for SA4 regions

3.4.1 Number of food shops in each SA4

A snapshot of the number of food shops studied in the four categories by SA4 has

been provided in Table 35.

Table 35 Number of food shops where data was collected by shop category and

SA4

SA4SA4 regions of

Tasmania

Number of

LGAsLGAs

Number of

shops

Major

Supermarkets

(category 1)

Minor

Supermarkets

(category 2)

General and

Convenience

Shops

(category 3)

Fruit and

Vegetable

outlets

(category 4)

1 Hobart 5Brighton, Clarence, Glenorchy,

Hobart, Sorell94 18 10 52 14

2Launceston &

North East8

Launeston, Meander Valley,

Break O'Day, Dorset, Flinders

Island, George Town, Nothern

Midlands, West Tamar

97 17 29 42 9

3 South East 7

Central Highlands, Derwent

Valley, Southern Midlands,

Huon Valley, Kingborough,

Glamorgan, Spring Bay, Tasmana

63 6 15 35 7

4West & North

West9

Burnie, Central Coast,

Devonport, Kentish, Latrobe,

Circular Health, King Island,

Waratah, Wynyard, West Coast

99 9 28 36 26

353 50 82 165 56Total

Category of shop Tasmania SA4-1 SA4-2 SA4-3 SA4-4

Major Supermarket

(category 1)23 8 8 3 4

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)37 6 12 4 15


Shops (category 3)60 10 15 16 19

Fruit and Veg shop

(category 4)22 5 3 3 11

Total 142 29 38 26 49


Table 36 below provides a breakdown of the actual shop category by SA4

comparing the total food shop numbers with the actual number of food shops from

which data was collected.

Table 36 Actual number of food shops where data was collected by SA4 and shop

category

3.4.2 Availability of HFAB, FV and FFV in each SA4

3.4.2.1 Availability of HFAB items

Table 37 below shows the number of HFAB items available by shop category and

SA4. The findings indicate that the average availability of HFAB items in the West

and Northwest SA4 region was less expensive than in other SA4 regions in General

and Convenience Shops.

Table 37 Mean availability of HFAB items by shop category and SA4

Major

Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor

Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Fruit and

Vegetable Shop

(category 4)

1 29/94 8/18 6/10 10/52 5/14

2 38/100 8/17 12/29 15/42 3/12

3 26/63 3/6 4/15 16/35 3/7

4 49/96 4/9 15/28 19/36 11/23

Total 142/353 23/50 37/82 60/165 22/56

Shops where data was collected

Shops where

data was

collected

SA4

Category of

shopStatistics State wide SA4-1 SA4- 2 SA4-3 SA4-4

n 23 8 8 3 4

Mean ± SD 43.7 ± 0.6 43.3 ± 0.7 43.9 ± 0.4 44.0 ± 0.0 43.8 ± 0.5

Range 42 to 44 42 to 44 43 to 44 44 to 44 43 to 44

n 37 6 12 4 15

Mean ± SD 40.9 ± 4.7 37.8 ± 9.8 41.7 ± 3.5 39.3 ± 3.2 41.9 ± 2.3


n 60 10 15 16 19

Mean ± SD 27.4 ± 12.1 32.2 ± 11.4 29.4 ± 12.9 30.6 ± 10.3 20.6 ± 11.0


Major

Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor

Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience

Shop

(category 3)


Results in Table 38 show that there were a limited number of General and

Convenience Shops stocking the HFAB. This was particularly evident in the West

and Northwest SA4 region. The consequence maybe that it would be more difficult

for residents to buy healthy food where access was limited to this particular shop

category

Table 38 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by SA4 and shop

category

3.4.2.2 Availability of FV and FFV items

The availability of FFV was best represented in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in the

West and Northwest SA4 region (Table 39).

Table 39 Mean availability of FV and FFV components of HFAB by shop category

and SA4

Category of shop Statistics Tasmania SA4 - 1 SA4 - 2 SA4 - 3 SA4 - 4

Major Supermarket shops where data was collected 23 8 8 3 4

(category 1) shops with > 80% HFAB 23 8 8 3 4

Minor Supermarket shops where data was collected 37 6 12 4 15


General and shops where data was collected 60 10 15 16 19

convenience shops shops with > 80% HFAB 21 5 8 6 2


Category of shop Statistics Tasmania SA4-1 SA4-2 SA4-3 SA4-4

shops where data was collected 23 8 8 3 4

shops with ≥ 90% fruit & veg 23 8 8 3 4

shops with ≥ 90% FRESH fruit & veg 23 8 8 3 4










Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Fruit and Vegetabe

Shop (category 4)


3.4.3 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV


Table 40 indicates that the median cost of the HFAB for two adult and two children

was least expensive for residents living in the Hobart SA4 region and most

expensive in the West and Northwest SA4 regions.

Table 40 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category

and SA4



items calculated as the average price of that food in the same category of food shops.

Tasmania SA4-1 SA4-2 SA4-3 SA4-4

Shops where data was collected 23 8 8 3 4

Shops meeting eligibility criteria 23 8 8 3 4

Mean 352.01 345.12 358.50 348.82 355.25

Median 345.92 344.59 356.62 343.49 341.75

Range 311.00 to 413.38 332.03 to 356.84 325.72 to 388.05 311.00 to 391.96 324.12 to 413.38



Mean 440.25 415.81 430.40 469.90 448.25

Median 437.06 402.10 431.16 475.58 428.84



Shops meeting eligibility criteriaa 33 8 10 10 5

Mean 479.67 469.58 471.62 487.11 497.05

Median 483.32 464.56 462.77 489.44 497.66



Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)


Major Supermarket

(category 1)


In Table 41 the median cost of the FV component of the HFAB for two adult and two

children was least expensive for residents living in the Hobart SA4 region and most

expensive in the West Northwest SA4 region.

Table 41 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB two adults and 2 children by

shop category and SA4







Mean 158.73 157.04 159.46 155.97 162.70

Median 159.55 156.74 159.96 157.39 159.83




Mean 188.55 172.11 188.83 189.41 193.66

Median 188.70 174.39 195.05 190.49 186.90




Mean 191.60 180.77 191.49 193.76 212.53

Median 195.27 176.49 190.87 191.60


Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)




Table 42 shows that the median cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for two

adult and two children was least expensive in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in all SA4

regions except for the Launceston and Northeast SA4 region.

Table 42 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for two adults and 2 children

by shop category and SA4







Mean 121.90 123.46 118.40 123.06 124.90

Median 123.58 123.11 113.62 123.58 125.46




Mean 132.79 117.79 134.79 132.24 136.30

Median 132.97 113.72 138.72 127.43 134.63




Mean 129.82 121.08 128.77 131.13 138.63

Median 128.72 119.50 124.59 127.88 130.71




Mean 110.96 97.30 125.02 115.82 110.78

Median 111.19 100.07 124.69 123.57 105.34



(category 4)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)





The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB for one adult and two children,

across SA4 regions are presented in Table 43.

Table 43 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for one adult and two children by shop

categories and SA4







Mean 242.34 237.47 247.17 239.96 244.2

Median 238.49 237.38 244.49 235.06 235.14




Mean 302.42 285.54 296.10 321.13 308.06

Median 299.09 276.07 295.91 323.91 295.49




Mean 329.33 324.86 322.00 333.99 341.00

Median 334.36 319.91 315.91 335.71 337.81



Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)



The mean, median and range for cost of the FV component of the HFAB for one

adult and two children, across SA4 regions are presented in Table 44.

Table 44 Cost (in AUD) of the FV component of the HFAB one adult and two

children by shop category and SA4







Mean 108.94 107.94 109.81 106.16 111.29

Median 109.47 108.07 110.01 106.77 109.54




Mean 129.43 118.37 129.71 128.03 133.20

Median 129.58 119.78 133.26 129.77 129.38




Mean 130.80 125.00 129.69 131.56 146.37

Median 132.51 123.32 128.80 130.19


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)




The mean, median and range for cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for a one

adult and two children, across SA4 regions are presented in Table 45. The data

shows that FFV was least expensive in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in the Hobart SA4

region and the West and Northwest SA4 region for one adult and two children.

Table 45 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB one adult and two

children by shop category and SA4







Mean 85.02 86.25 83.04 84.93 86.57

Median 85.05 86.34 79.52 85.05 87.16




Mean 92.56 82.67 93.92 90.57 95.17

Median 92.42 81.10 95.41 88.05 92.42




Mean 89.97 85.32 88.74 90.22 96.49

Median 88.92 85.24 84.86 88.28 90.79




Mean 77.28 68.56 87.93 81.08 76.52

Median 76.66 71.42 86.87 85.62 73.48




Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)


(category 4)



The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB for a single adult, across SA4

regions are presented in Table 46. The data shows that the HFAB was most

expensive in the West and Northwest SA4 region for a single adult male.

Table 46 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for single adult male by shop category and

SA4







Mean 109.24 106.70 111.31 107.93 111.17

Median 107.64 106.13 111.87 107.64 106.78




Mean 138.04 130.25 104.15 149.02 140.32

Median 136.89 125.95 104.21 151.33 135.25




Mean 151.24 146.40 150.25 153.51 156.43

Median 152.16 145.79 147.69 155.68 159.05


Single Adult

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)



The mean, median and range for cost of the FV component of the HFAB for a single

adult, across SA4 regions is presented in Table 47.

Table 47 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for a single adult by shop

category and SA4







Mean 51.12 50.28 51.12 50.93 52.92

Median 51.75 50.70 51.84 51.75 51.84




Mean 61.32 55.86 61.19 63.53 62.79

Median 61.10 56.71 61.34 62.36 61.86




Mean 63.42 58.64 64.38 64.74 68.56

Median 63.38 56.33 64.66 64.06


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)


Single Adult


Table 48 highlights the mean, median and range for cost of the FFV component of

the HFAB for a single adult, across SA4 regions. The data shows that the FFV

component of the HFAB was least expensive in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in the

Hobart and West Northwest SA4 regions for a single adult male.

Table 48 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB for single adult by shop

category and SA4







Mean 37.17 37.48 35.68 38.35 38.66

Median 37.73 38.04 35.47 38.80 38.69




Mean 40.67 35.60 41.28 42.16 41.57

Median 40.45 33.57 41.71 39.90 40.52




Mean 40.28 36.12 40.51 41.35 42.51

Median 40.15 34.72 40.18 40.08 40.34




Mean 34.10 29.13 37.46 35.20 34.70

Median 34.47 28.96 37.50 38.14 32.92



Single Adult


(category 4)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


Shop (category 3)



The mean, median and range for cost of the HFAB for an older female, across SA4

regions are presented in Table 49.

Table 49 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for older female by shop category and SA4







Mean 85.98 84.54 87.18 85.74 86.62

Median 84.33 84.13 86.91 84.33 83.27




Mean 106.60 100.49 104.15 113.41 108.77

Median 105.39 97.73 104.21 115.21 104.13




Mean 116.05 133.86 114.06 117.72 120.16

Median 117.19 112.42 111.60 118.64 119.06


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Older female



The mean, median and range for cost of the FV component of the HFAB for an older

female across SA4 regions is presented in Table 50.

Table 50 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for an older female by shop

category and SA4







Mean 39.65 39.27 39.84 38.99 40.54

Median 39.58 39.01 39.56 39.25 39.93




Mean 46.69 42.42 46.66 46.66 48.14

Median 46.77 43.32 48.86 46.73 46.80




Mean 47.30 45.00 47.08 47.69 52.60

Median 48.01 44.71 47.06 47.45


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Older Female


Table 51 highlights the mean, median and range for cost of the FFV component of

the HFAB for an older female, across SA4 regions. The data shows that the FFV

component of the HFAB was least expensive in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in the

Hobart and West Northwest SA4 regions for an older female.

Table 51 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB for an older female by

shop category and SA4







Mean 31.17 34.51 30.30 31.40 31.76

Median 31.48 31.22 28.93 31.48 31.98




Mean 33.61 29.79 34.02 33.35 34.59

Median 33.54 29.01 34.77 31.95 33.99




Mean 32.80 30.81 32.48 33.06 34.97

Median 32.24 30.40 32.00 31.96 33.01




Mean 28.00 24.51 31.57 29.12 28

Median 28.24 25.30 31.74 30.97 26.57


Fruit and Vegetable

Shops (category 4)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Older female


3.5 ARIA Analyses

Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) (ABS, 2011b) is a classification

used to measure and classify the remoteness of populated localities in relation to

‘service centres’ of various sizes. This data has been included because many of the

jurisdictions within Australia that have undertaken HFAB surveys have used a

remoteness classification for analysis of HFAB data.

ARIA defines six categories of remoteness based on road distance to service centres,

and is available for a variety of geographical units including localities; Census

Collection districts (CCDs); Statistical Local Areas (SLAs) and postcodes and ranges

from highly accessible to very remote. In this instance six categories have been used

based on PhARIA which is a composite index, which incorporates measurements of

general remoteness. The location of over 13,000 populated localities were used in

the development of this index (APMRC, 2013).

The six categories are:

1. Highly Accessible - relatively unrestricted accessibility to a wide range of

goods and services and opportunities for social interaction;

2. Accessible (group a) - some restrictions to accessibility of some goods,

services and opportunities for social interaction;

3. Accessible (group b) – some restrictions to accessibility of some goods,


4. Moderately Accessible - significantly restricted accessibility of goods,


5. Remote - very restricted accessibility of goods, services and opportunities for

social interaction;

6. Very Remote - very little accessibility of goods, services and opportunities for

social interaction.


3.5.1 Number of food shops in each ARIA

Table 52 provides a snapshot of the total number of food shops across all shop

categories in the six ARIA classifications.

Table 52 ARIA classification by shop category and LGAs

ARIA 1 least remote; ARIA 6 most remote

The data shows 46% (163 out of 353) of the food shops across all shop categories

were located in ARIA 1 which was the most highly accessible classification. The data

also indicates that 47% (77 out of 163) shops were General and Convenience Shops.

In addition the majority of the Fruit and Vegetable Shops were also located in ARIA

1, 2 and 3.

ARIANumber

of LGAs

Number of

Shops

Major

Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor

Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience

shop (category 3)

Fruit and

Vegetable shop

(category 4)

1 8 163 30 30 77 26

2 7 87 13 22 34 18

3 6 54 6 14 23 11

4 2 18 1 4 12 1

5 4 26 0 10 16 0

6 2 5 0 2 3 0

353 50 82 165 56

Central Highlands, Glarmorgan-Spring Bay,

Tasman, West Coast

Flinders Island, King Island

LGAs

Brighton, Burnie, Clarence, Glenorchy, Hobart,

Kingborough, Latrobe, Launceston

Central Coast, Derwent Valley, Devonport,

Northern Midlands, Sorell, Waratah-Wynyard,

West Tamar

Break O'Day, Dorset, George Town, Huon

Valley, Kentish, Meander Valley

Circular Head, Southern Midlands

Total


Table 53 provides a breakdown of actual shop category by ARIA comparing the

total shop numbers with the actual number of food shops from which data was

collected

Table 53 Total number of food shops where data was collected

Denominator: number of Food Shops available for randomisation

3.5.2 Availability of HFAB, FV and FFV in each ARIA

Table 54 shows the number of HFAB items available by shop category and ARIA.

The higher the ARIA classification (i.e. the more remote the location) the less likely

the availability of the HFAB across all shop categories. Conversely the lower the

ARIA classification (i.e. the less remote the location) the more likely the availability

of the HFAB.

Table 54 Mean availability of HFAB by shop category and ARIA

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


shop (category 3)

Fruit and Vegetable

shop (category 4)

1 57/163 13/30 13/30 20/77 11/26

2 40/87 5/13 11/22 16/34 8/18

3 21/54 4/6 6/14 8/23 3/11

4 9/18 1/1 2/4 6/12 0/1

5 13/26 4/10 9/16

6 2/5 1/2 1/3

Total 142/353 23/50 37/82 60/165 22/56

ARIA

Shops where

data was

collected

Shops where data was collected

ARIA StatisticsMajor Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)


shop (category 3)

n 13 13 20

Mean ± SD 43.5 ± 0.7 39.9 ± 6.9 25.5 ± 13.3

Range 42 to 44 18 to 44 2 to 43

n 5 11 16

Mean ± SD 43.8 ± 0.5 41.5 ± 3.1 28.6 ± 12.3

Range 43 to 44 35 to 44 6 to 42

n 4 6 8

Mean ± SD 44 41.5 ± 4.2 20.8 ± 12.1

Range 33 to 44 3 to 39

n 1 2 6

Mean ± SD 44 38.5 ± 2.1 29.5 ± 9.8

Range 37 to 40 15 to 43

n 4 9

Mean ± SD 42.5 ± 1 32.8 ± 8.8

Range 42 to 44 21 to 44

n 1 1

Mean ± SD 43 37

Range

1

2

3

4

5

6


Table 55 shows the number of food shops by category and ARIA which met the

eligibility criteria for the HFAB.

Table 55 Food shops meeting eligibility criteria for HFAB by ARIA

Available

shops

Shops where

data was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

Available

shops

Shops where

data was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

Available

shops

Shops where

data was

collected

≥ 90%

items

≥ 80%

items

≥ 60%

items

1 30 13 13 13 30 13 11 12 77 20 3 6 11

2 13 5 5 5 22 11 9 10 34 16 2 8 10

3 6 4 4 4 14 6 5 5 23 8 0 1 2

4 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 12 6 1 1 3

5 10 4 4 4 16 9 3 4 6

6 2 1 1 1 3 1 0 1 1

Total 50 23 23 23 82 37 31 34 165 60 9 21 33

1. Major Supermarkets 2. Minor Supermarkets 3. General and Convenience shops

ARIA


3.5.3 Cost of HFAB, FV and FFV in each ARIA


Indicated in the table below (Table 56) is the cost of the HFAB for two adult and two children which was least expensive for

residents living in ARIAs one, two and three.

Table 56 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and ARIA

Eligibility criteria for Major Supermarkets and Minor Supermarkets: minimum 80% of the items available; Eligibility criteria for General and Convenience Shops: minimum

60% of the items available. Price for remaining items calculated as the average price of that food in the same category of food shops

Tasmania ARIA 1 ARIA 2 ARIA 3 ARIA 4 ARIA 5 ARIA 6



Mean 352.01 349.60 367.76 347.14 cost below mean

Median 345.92 344.70 352.37 344.76

Range 311.00 to 413.38 325.72 to 391.96 343.49 to 413.38 311.00 to 388.05

Shops where data was collected 37 13 11 6 2 4 1

Shops meeting eligibility criteria 34 12 10 5 2 4 1

Mean 440.25 434.99 426.83 435.58 510.28 432.72 cost below mean

Median 437.06 426.34 426.34 437.34 427.92

Range 378.16 to 550.76 394.20 to 507.89 378.16 to 489.67 393.84 to 470.89 489.25 to 531.30 398.70 to 476.35



Mean 479.67 478.13 475.58 492.43 466.94 488.43 cost below mean

Median 483.32 484.17 462.77 483.03 486.13


Category of shop

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

StatisticsFamily (2 Adults + 2 Children)


Table 57 indicates that the cost of the FV component of the HFAB for a two adult and two children family type varied between

ARIA classifications.

Table 57 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for two adults and two children by shop category and ARIA





Shops meeting eligibility criteria23 13 5 4 1


Median 159.55 159.55 160.11 154.96

Range 144.33 to 182.37 144.33 to 178.69 157.39 to 182.37 144.96 to 167.89


Shops meeting eligibility criteria35 12 11 6 1 4 1

Mean 188.55 186.52 184.29 188.02 221.17 186.33 cost above mean

Median 188.70 188.31 185.91 192.51 221.17 183.79





Median 195.27 195.27 186.03 215.53 191.15 195.85


Statistics


Category of shop

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Table 58 indicates that the cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for two adult and two children was least expensive in Fruit and

Vegetable Shops in ARIAs one and two.

Table 58 Cost (in AUD) of FFV for two adults and two children by shop category and ARIA






Mean 121.90 122.71 123.10 118.68 below mean

Median 123.58 123.91 126.94 113.62

Range 107.44 to 136.32 108.76 to 135.69 107.44 to 130.56 111.15 to 136.32



Mean 132.79 130.61 126.23 134.78 160.85 135.64 above mean

Median 132.97 130.68 124.19 140.34 160.85 135.01

Range 102.42 to 179.59 108.55 to 155.7 102.42 to 150.58 117.24 to 142.53 160.85 127.43 to 145.11


Shops with ≥ 90% of fresh fruit and veg26 7 8 2 3 5 1

Mean 129.82 130.75 123.30 149.63 126.53 132.84 above mean

Median 128.72 124.59 120.98 149.63 130.47 127.88



Shops with ≥ 90% of fresh fruit and veg21 10 8 3

Mean 110.96 105.57 113.66 121.76

Median 111.19 102.92 112.42 124.69

Range 70.53 to 130.87 70.53 to 126.37 99.94 to 130.87 111.19 to 129.41

Statistics


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Category of shop

Fruit and Vegetable

Shop (category 4)



Table 59 indicates that the cost of the HFAB for one adult and two children was least expensive in ARIAs one, two and three where

Major Supermarkets were predominant.

Table 59 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category and ARIA







Median 238.49 238.49 241.21 236.19

Range 211.5 to 284.33 226.02 to 273.31 235.06 to 284.33 211.50 to 267.79




Median 299.09 293.32 292.51 300.29 293.62





Median 334.36 336.18 315.91 332.12 331.29


Category of shop

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

StatisticsFamily (1 Adult + 2 Children)


Table 60 indicates that the cost of the FV component of the HFAB for one adult and two children varied between ARIA

classifications.

Table 60 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category and ARIA







Median 109.47 109.47 109.61 105.63

Range 98.49 to 124.99 99.56 to 123.74 106.77 to 124.99 98.49 to 115.45




Median 129.58 130.20 128.70 132.65 151.40 126.12





Median 132.51 134.82 125.77 148.24 128.17 132.51




Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)


Table 61 indicates that the cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for one adult and two children family type was least expensive

in Fruit and Vegetable Shops in ARIAs one and two.

Table 61 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for one adult and two children by shop category and by ARIA






Mean 85.02 86.03 85.47 82.13 below mean

Median 85.05 86.06 87.61 78.54

Range 75.43 to 95.38 75.43 to 95.38 75.53 to 90.88 76.77 to 94.65



Mean 92.56 91.66 87.78 94.14 111.39 93.18 above mean

Median 92.42 91.77 86.55 96.92 111.39 93.78




Mean 89.97 91.57 84.92 104.39 88.28 90.89 above mean

Median 89.92 86.08 82.65 104.39 90.70 88.28



Shops meeting eligibility criteria21 10 8 3

Mean 77.28 74.13 78.13 85.52

Median 76.66 72.77 77.02 86.87

Range 48.84 to 93.03 48.84 to 88.65 69.97 to 90.74 76.66 to 93.03

Fruit and Vegetable

Shop (category 4)

Statistics


Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Category of shop

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)



Table 62 indicates that the cost of the HFAB for one single adult was least expensive in ARIAs one, two and three where Major

Supermarkets were predominant.

Table 62 Cost (in AUD) of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category by ARIA







Median 107.64 105.55 110.61 108.63

Range 98.67 to 129.43 99.64 to 117.52 107.64 to 129.43 98.67 to 120.55




Median 136.89 133.18 133.41 137.46 134.86





Median 152.16 149.28 147.69 152.16 155.80


Category of shop

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

StatisticsSingle Adult


Table 63 indicates that the cost of the FV component of the HFAB for a one single adult was less expensive in Major Supermarkets

in ARIAs one to four. Major Supermarkets were predominant in these ARIA locations.

Table 63 Cost (in AUD) of FV component of HFAB for single adult by shop category and ARIA







Median 51.75 51.26 51.86 50.94

Range 44.56 to 59.09 44.56 to 55.94 50.92 to 59.09 47.64 to 53.93




Median 61.10 59.58 59.71 61.71 72.11 60.13





Median 63.38 63.38 63.52 69.91 63.93 65.95


Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)


Single Adult


Table 64 indicates that the cost of the FFV component of the HFAB for one single adult male was least expensive where there was a

Fruit and Vegetable Shop available in ARIAs one, two and three.

Table 64 Cost (in AUD) of FFV component of HFAB for a single adult male by shop category and ARIA






Mean 37.17 36.94 37.98 36.90 above mean

Median 37.73 37.73 39.21 35.58

Range 30.92 to 41.96 30.92 to 41.57 32.32 to 40.01 34.46 to 42.96



Mean 40.67 39.38 38.87 41.03 50.11 42.99 above mean

Median 40.45 40.09 39.05 42.25 42.76




Mean 40.28 39.56 38.85 45.60 38.64 42.40 above mean

Median 40.15 40.18 38.86 45.60 40.11 40.08



Shops meeting eligibility criteria21 10 8 3

Mean 34.10 31.83 35.99 36.63

Median 34.47 31.65 35.70 36.70

Range 22.04 to 41.37 22.04 to 38.14 30.50 to 41.37 35.02 to 38.18

Minor Supermarket

(category 2)

General and

Convenience Shop

(category 3)

Major Supermarket

(category 1)

Fruit and Vegetable

Shop (category 4)

Statistics

Single Adult

Category of shop


___________________________________________________________________________

4.0 Conclusion

The survey was conducted in 142 out of 353 food shops across 28 of the 29 LGAs.

Food shops selection was based on four shop categories including Major

Supermarkets, Minor Supermarkets, General and Convenience Shops and Fruit and

Vegetables Shops. Analysis focussed on availability, cost and affordability of the

HFAB, and the Fruit and Vegetable (excluding orange juice) and Fresh Fruit and

Vegetables (excluding orange juice) components of the HFAB, for four family types,

at the geographical levels of state-wide, SA4, LGA as well as SEIFA and ARIA.

The results of the 2014 Tasmanian HFAB Survey highlight considerable variability in

the availability and cost of the HFAB. Access to healthy food may be more

challenging in regional areas if people have to use a limited range of food shops

particularly General and Convenience Shops. Families living in towns serviced by a

limited number food shops and shop categories may also be at a disadvantage in

their ability to access healthy food if they do not have transport to a supermarket.

Whilst the FFV component of the HFAB across the state was less expensive when

purchased from a Fruit and Vegetable Shop than from a Major or Minor

Supermarkets, the price of FFV was similarly priced in major and minor

supermarkets. The difference observed in major and minor supermarkets was

largely in other HFAB food items and may be influenced by ‘specials’ and generic

brands reducing costs in Major and Minor Supermarkets.

The cost of healthy food relative to income for low income groups continues to be of

concern. There is a need to undertake further state-wide HFAB research across all

LGAs over time. Additional data is also needed using actual amounts that are

practicable for an older female and a single male. Monitoring the cost of healthy food

is an important strategy towards addressing food insecurity in Tasmania.

This current data is not without limitations. The data was cross-sectional in nature;

some food shops were excluded from the analysis as they did not meet all of the

HFAB eligibility criteria, were unable to be accessed on the day of the survey or

were not willing to participate; and analysis in some LGAs was too small to be able

to de-identify the shops. Longitudinal data would provide a more robust picture of

food cost over time.


___________________________________________________________________________

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6.0 Appendix 6.1 HFAT project governance

A key deliverable for the HFAT project was the establishment of a governance

structure that facilitated the effective delivery of project outcomes/outputs (figure 1).

Overall governance for the HFAT project was the responsibility of the Heart

Foundation (Tasmanian Division), the lead agency with the School of Health

Sciences (UTAS) having responsibility for the delivery of the Tasmanian HFAB

survey. A Project Manager was appointed by the Heart Foundation with the

responsibility for convening the HFAT Reference Group and liaison between project

partners and stakeholders. The HFAT Reference Group comprised representation

from project partner agencies and provided advice and guidance to project working

groups responsible for the delivery of specific project components such as the

Tasmanian HFAB Research Group.

The HFAB Research Group comprised specialists from the School of Health Sciences,

at the University of Tasmania; members of the Research Group brought their

combined experience in rural health, community development, community nutrition

and research methodologies to address the project objectives. The HFAB Research

Group had the responsibility for the management of all aspects of the HFAB project

including resource input and allocation, quality assurance, budgetary control and

risk management strategies in accordance with its funding agreement with TML.

An additional requirement was for the Tasmanian HFAB Research Group to

collaborate with the broader HFAT governance structures. This was achieved

through representation by the Research Group members at regular meetings of the

HFAT Reference Group.


Figure 8 Governance Chart Healthy Food Access Tasmania (HFAT) and the HFAB

Project


6.2 Fruit and Vegetable (FV) and Fresh Fruit and Vegetable (FFV) component of Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB)

Table 65 List of the FV and FFV items included in the HFAB

Fruit and Vegetables (FV) Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (FFV)

(excl orange juice) (excl orange juice)

Apples (2kg or less) Apples (2kg or less)

Bananas (1kg) Bananas (1kg)

Oranges (2kg or less) Oranges (2kg or less)

Cabbage (half) Cabbage (half)

Carrots (2kg or less) Carrots (2kg or less)

Lettuce (whole) Lettuce (whole)

Onions (1kg) Onions (1kg)

Potatoes (1-2kg) Potatoes (1-2kg)

Pumpkin (1.5kg or less) Pumpkin (1.5kg or less)

Tomatoes (1-2kg) Tomatoes (1-2kg)

Frozen Peas (1kg)

Sultanas (200g - 1kg)

Tinned Baked Beans (400g-1kg)

Tinned Beetroot (400-450g)

Tinned Corn Kernels (400-450g)

Tinned Tomatoes (1kg or less)

Tinned Fruit Salad (natural Juice) (450g-1kg)


6.3 Summary of the cost of HFAB, FV and FFV

by four family types

Table 66 Cost (in AUD) of the HFAB for four family types by shop category

Table 67 Cost (in AUD) of the FV component of HFAB for four family types by

shop category

Local Government

AreasStatistics 2+2 family 1+2 family Male adult Older female

Median 345.92 238.49 107.64 84.33

Range 311 to 413.38 211.50 to 284.33 98.67 to 129.43 76.18 to 100.73

Median 437.06 299.09 136.89 105.39

Range 378.16 to 550.76 258.48 to 377.89 119.45 to 173.24 90.70 to 132.43

Median 472.52 334.36 152.16 117.19

Range 404.48 to 560.67 280.30 to 391.50 125.93 to 173.52 99.23 to 136.62

Median 437.86 299.86 136.73 105.56

Range 311.00 to 560.67 211.50 to 391.75 98.67 to 173.52 76.18 to 136.62

Categories

combined

Major

supermarkets

Minor

supermarkets

General and

Convenience food

shops (80%)

Local Government


Median 159.55 109.47 51.75 39.58

Range 144.33 to 182.37 98.49 to 124.99 44.56 to 59.09 35.70 to 45.72

Median 188.70 129.58 61.10 46.77

range 153.58 to 247.49 105.61 to 169.66 49.82 to 79.73 37.85 to 61.56

Median 195.27 132.51 63.38 48.01

Range 164.58 to 227.23 112.69 to 157.57 54.71 to 76.74 40.93 to 56.33

General &

Convenience food

shops (80%)

Major

supermarkets

Minor

supermarkets


Table 68 Cost (in AUD) of the FFV component of HFAB per fortnight for four

family types by shop category

Local Government


Median 123.58 85.05 37.73 31.48

Range 107.44 to 136.32 75.43 to 95.38 30.92 to 41.96 27.10 to 35.02

Median 132.97 92.42 40.45 33.54

range 102.42 to 179.59 71.96 to 125.23 30.84 to 55.02 25.91 to 45.66

Median 128.72 88.92 40.15 32.24

Range 106.48 to 168.55 72.78 to 117.98 32.18 to 50.86 26.82 to 42.33

Medan 111.19 76.66 34.47 28.24

Range 70.53 to 130.87 48.84 to 93.03 22.04 to 41.37 17.90 to 33.61

Major

supermarkets

Minor

supermarkets

General &

Convenience food

shops (80%)

Fruit and

Vegetable shops


6.4 Summary of the affordability of HFAB, FV

and FFV by four family types

Table 69 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase the

HFAB for four family types by shop category

Table 70 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase FV

component of HFAB for four family types by shop category

Food Outlet Category Statistics 2+2 family 1+2 family Male adult Older female

Percentage 26 23 21 11

Range 23 to 30.5 20 to 27 20 to 26 10 to 13


Range 28 to 40.5 25 to 36 24 to 34.5 12 to 18


Range 30 to 41 27 to 37 25 to 35 13 to 18


Range 23 to 41 20 to 37 20 to 35 10 to 18

Categories combined

Major supermarkets

Minor supermarkets

General & Convenience

food shops (80%)

Local Government Areas Statistics 2+2 family 1+2 family Male adult Older female


Range 11 to 13 9 to 12 9 to 12 5 to 6


Range 11 to 18 10 to 16 10 to 16 5 to 8


Range 12 to 17 11 to 15 11 to 15 5 to 7.5

General & Convenience

food shops (80%)

Major supermarkets

Minor supermarkets


Table 71 Percentage of Government assistance income required to purchase FFV

component of HFAB for four family types by shop category

Local Government Areas Statistics 2+2 family 1+2 family Male adult Older female

Percentage 9 8 8 4

Range 8 to 10 7 to 9 6 to 8.5 3.5 to 4.5

Percentage 10 9 8 4

Range 8 to 13 7 to 12 6 to 11 3.5 to 6

Percentage 10 9 8 4

Range 8 to 12.5 7 to 11 6 to 10 3.5 to 5.5

Percentage 8 7 7 4

Range 5 to 10 5 to 9 4 to 8 2.5 to 4.5

Major supermarkets

Minor supermarkets

General & Vegetable food

shops (80%)

Fruit and Vegetable shops


6.5 HFAB quantities for each family type

Table 72 Forty-four food items and quantities per family type used in the HFAB

(Palermo & Wilson, 2007)

2 + 2

family

1 + 2

family

Male

adult

Older

female

Breads & Cereals

White Bread 650-700g loave 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.2

Wholemeal bread 650-700g loave 5.8 3.6 2.3 1.3

Crumpets (rounds) 500g or less pack 3.1 2.2 0.9 0.9

Wheat biscuits 700g-1.3kg pack 1.4 0.9 0.5 0.2

Instant oats 500g-1kg pack 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.4

Pasta 500g pack 1.7 1.1 0.6 0.4

White rice 1kg pack 1.4 0.9 0.6 0.3

Instant noodles 1x85g pack or up-to 10X85g packs pack 9.0 6.0 3.0 2.0

Premium Biscuits 250g pack 1.3 0.8 0.5 0.2

Fruit

Apples 2kg or less kg 5.8 4.3 1.4 1.8

Oranges 2kg or less kg 5.7 4.6 1.1 1.4

Bananas 1kg kg 4.1 2.8 1.3 0.9

Tinned Fruit Salad, natural juice 450g-1kg can 9.0 4.9 3.7 1.8

Sultanas 200g -1kg pack 0.84 1.0 0.4 0.2

Orange Juice 100% no added sugar 1-1.5L L 2.5 1.5 0.8 0.5

Vegetables and Legumes

Tomatoes 1-2kg kg 4.7 2.8 1.9 1.1

Potatoes 1-2kg kg 2.6 1.7 1.0 0.7

Pumpkin 1.5kg or less kg 2.7 1.7 1.0 0.7

Cabbage half half 3.7 2.8 0.9 0.9

Lettuce whole whole 2.8 1.8 1.1 0.8

Carrots 2kg or less kg 3.1 2.2 0.9 0.8

Onions 1kg kg 1.2 0.85 0.4 0.3

Frozen peas 1kg bags 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.3

Tinned tomatoes 1kg or less can 8.0 6.0 2.0 2.0

Tinned beetroot 400-450g can 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2

Tinned corn kernels 400-450g can 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.6

Tinned baked beans 420g can 9.5 5.7 3.8 1.9

Meat & alternatives

Fresh bacon, shortcut, rindless 2kg or less kg 0.75 0.5 0.3 0.2

Fresh shoulder ham 2kg or less kg 0.54 0.3 0.2 0.12

Beef mince, regular 2kg or less kg 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.34

Lamb chops, forequarter 2kg or less kg 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.2

Chicken breast fillets, skin off 2kg or less kg 1.3 1 0.3 0.3

Sausages, thin (beef) 2kg or less kg 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3

Tinned tuna (unsaturated oil) 400-500g can 2.8 2.1 0.7 0.7

Tinned salmon, pink (water) 200-250g can 2.9 2.1 0.7 0.7

Large eggs (min. 50g) 600-800g dozen carton 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.4

Dairy

Fresh Full cream milk 1-2L bottle/carton 2 1.5 0.5 0.5

Fresh reduced fat milk 1-2L bottle/carton 13.8 10.4 3.4 3

Reduced fat flavoured yoghurt 1kg tub 8.4 6.8 1.6 2

Full fat long life milk 1L carton 0.6 0.4 0.14 1.1

Block cheese 500g block 2.1 1.2 0.9 0.5

Non-core foods

Polyunsaturated margarine 1kg or less pack 1.4 0.8 0.5 1.1

White sugar 1kg pack 0.1 0.07 0.03 0.03

Canola Oil 700ml-1L bottle 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.2

Pack typeFood items in HFAB Product size

Quantity to meet the nutritional

requirements of family members for a

fortnight


Documents

2014 Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) Survey · 2015. 12. 1. · University of Tasmania i 2014 HFAB Final Report 2014 Tasmanian Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) Survey Final Report