2014 Lecture 1 ceramics

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CERAMICS

MSE 1161


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ACCESS FOR CONSULTATIONS

1. Email: [email protected]

2. Telephone:a) cell phone: 0905-270-0330b) landlines: 8372071 local 2203 (O)

529-6860 (H)

3. Office address:

Materials Science DivisionIndustrial Technology Development Institute

Department of Science and TechnologyBicutan, Taguig, M.M.

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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COURSE E VALUATION

long 25% Midterms 25%

Finals 25%

Quizzes 10%

reports 10%

Others 5%

(term papers, portfolio, etc)

Total 100%

Standing Gradebelow 70 5

70-below 73 3

73-below 76 2.75

76-below 79 2.5

79-below 82 2.2582-below 85 2

85-below 88 1.75

88-below 91 1.5

91-below 94 1.25

Above 94 1


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COURSE E VALUATION

long exams 40% Finals 25%

Quizzes 20%

reports 10%

Others 5%

(term papers, portfolio, etc)

Total 100%

Standing Gradebelow 60 5

60-below 65 3

66-below 76 2.75

76-below 79 2.5

79-below 82 2.25

82-below 85 2

85-below 88 1.75

88-below 91 1.5

91-below 94 1.25

Above 94 1


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R EFERENCES Introduction to Ceramics by W.D. Kingery, H. K.

Bowen and D. R. Uhlman

Modern Ceramic Engineering by D. W. Richerson

The Chemistry of Ceramics by H. Yanagida, K.Koumoto and M. Miyayama

Principles of Ceramic Processing by J. S. Reed

Introduction to Fine Ceramics by N. Ichinoso

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OVERVIEWDerive from the Greek keramos

meaning “a potter” or “a pottery”

This Greek word is related to an older

Sankrit root meaning “ to burn”Primary meaning was “burnt stuff” and

“burned earth”

Refer to the art or technique ofproducing articles of pottery

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Product obtained through the actionof fire upon earthy materials

In recent years increasing interest in

ceramics made from highly refinednatural or synthetic compositionswith special properties

Non-metallic, inorganic solid

materials produced by thermaltreatment


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Ceramics / Introduction

• keramikos - burnt stuff in Greek → desirable properties of

ceramics are normally achieved through a high-temperature

heat treatment process ( firing).• Usually a compound between metallic and non-metallic

elements.

• Always composed of more than one element (e.g.,Al2O3,

NaCl, SiC, SiO2)

• Bonds are partially or totally ionic, and can have ionic andcovalent bonding

• Ceramics are typically characterized as possessing a high

melting temperature (i.e., “refractory”),

• Generally hard and brittle

• Generally electrical and thermal insulators (exceptions:

graphite, diamond, AlN… and others)

• Can be optically opaque, semi-transparent, or transparent

• Traditional ceramics – based on clay (china, bricks, tiles,

porcelain), glasses.• New ceramics for electronic, computer, aerospace industries.


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covalent

metallic

secondary

ionicceramics

polymers

metals


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CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS

• Traditional ceramics/conventional

– Clay based products

• Structural ceramics/fine ceramics

– Used for their mechanical properties• Functional ceramics/advanced

– Used for other properties than mechanical strength,

i.e.

electrical, optical, magnetic properties

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CERAMICS

In 1974, the U.S.

market for the ceramic

industry was estimated

at $20

million. Today, the

U.S. market isestimated to be $ 35B

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Why study ceramic materials?

– Very “traditional” (crude civil engineering

material)

– BUT also new high-tech ceramics and

applications.

• Optical (transparency) opto-electronic.

• Electronic (piezoelectrics, sensors,

superconductors)

• Thermo-mechanical (engine materials)

• Cutting tools

Courtesy of NTK

Technical Ceramics


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TRADITIONAL CERAMICS Wares or products made from from naturally occurring

materials

Pottery

Whiteware

Structural products

Refractories

Enamels

Glass

Cement.Lime and Plaster

Abrasives

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ADVANCED CERAMICS Wares or products from highly refined natural or

synthetic materials

Key components in high technology fields:computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting

tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, hightemperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,medical implants and many other special purposeapplications

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Classify by function

Electric, electronic

Magnetic

Optical

Chemical

Thermal

Mechanical

Biological

Nuclear

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MATERIALSCharacteristics

High heat capacity

Low heat conductance

Corrosion resistance

Electrically insulating, semiconducting orsuperconducting

Nonmagnetic and magnetic Hard, strong but brittle

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Compounds of metallic and

nonmetallic elements

non metallic elements

oxygen (oxides)

carbon (carbides)

nitrogen (nitrides)


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Diversity in the characteristicsdue to bonding and crystalstructures

Atomic bonding Ionic

Covalent

Ionic and covalent


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Structures

Crystalline: atoms are arranged in a

very regular repeating patternAmorphous: lacks systematic and

regular arrangements of atoms


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Crystalline structure Silicate (SiO4) – 2

AX

Rock salt structureCesium Chloride structure

Zinc Blende structure

Diamond cubic structure


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Raw Materials

Silicate

Oxide Non-Oxide


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Silicate

Clay Feldspar

Oxide

Alumina Zirconia

Quartz /Silica


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Calcium Phosphate

Zinc oxide Limestone

Gypsum

Plaster of Paris

Non-oxide Silicon carbide

Silicon nitride


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APPLICATIONS Traditional ceramics

Dinnerware

Tiles

Bricks

Sanitary ware Insulators

Construction materials: concrete

Porcelain crucible

Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware

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Advanced ceramics

Ceramic magnets (ferrites)

Piezoelectric (PZT)

Capacitors

Substrates

Bioceramics

Sensors


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TRADITIONAL CERAMICS Wares or products made from from naturally occurring

materials

Pottery

Whiteware

Structural products

Refractories

Enamels

Glass

Cement.Lime and Plaster

Abrasives

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ADVANCED CERAMICS Wares or products from highly refined natural or

synthetic materials

Key components in high technology fields:computers,electronics, optical communication,cutting

tools, metal forming dies, wear resistant parts, hightemperature reactors, high temperature engine parts,medical implants and many other special purposeapplications

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Classify by function

Electric, electronic

Magnetic

Optical

Chemical

Thermal

Mechanical

Biological

Nuclear

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MATERIALSCharacteristics

High heat capacity

Low heat conductance

Corrosion resistance

Electrically insulating, semiconducting orsuperconducting

Nonmagnetic and magnetic

Hard, strong but brittle

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Compounds of metallic and

nonmetallic elements

non metallic elementsoxygen (oxides)

carbon (carbides)

nitrogen (nitrides)

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Diversity in the characteristics dueto bonding and crystal structures

Atomic bonding

Ionic

Covalent

Ionic and covalent

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Structures

Crystalline: atoms are arranged

in a very regular repeatingpattern

Amorphous: lacks systematicand regular arrangements ofatoms


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Crystalline structure

Silicate (SiO4) – 2

AX

Rock salt structure

Cesium Chloride structure

Zinc Blende structure

Diamond cubic structure

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Raw Materials

Silicate

Oxide Non-Oxide


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Silicate

Clay

Feldspar

Oxide

Alumina

Zirconia

Quartz /Silica

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Calcium Phosphate

Zinc oxide

Limestone

Gypsum Plaster of Paris

Non-oxide

Silicon carbide Silicon nitride

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APPLICATIONS Traditional ceramics

Dinnerware

Tiles

Bricks

Sanitary ware Insulators

Construction materials: concrete

Porcelain crucible

Decorative ceramics: vases, terra cotta,artware

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Advanced ceramics

Ceramic magnets (ferrites)

Piezoelectric (PZT)

Capacitors

Substrates

Bioceramics

Sensors

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SEE YOU NEXT MEETING

Documents

2014 Lecture 1 ceramics