Upload
others
View
6
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; KAMATHOLIL VILAKKAM
1912 E}w;whz;ilf; fle;j ,yq;if 2012 tptrhaj; Jiwapd; k`htk;rk;
2014 Vg;uy; - [_d; (52 - 2) ,jo;
kyh; 52 ,jo; 2
Rod;Wk; Vh; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;
coe;Jk; coNt jiy
tptrha mikr;R
tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xU gpuRuk;
ii
Name of the Publication : Kamatholil Vilakkam Vol. 52 No. 2Published by : Director Information and Communication Department of Agriculture Peradeniya Tel: 081 - 2388388 Fax: 081 - 2384328 Email: Web: http//www.doa.gov.lk Ministry of Agriculture
Published in : 2015 December Editor : S.Periyasamy
Issued by : Deputy Director (Communication) Agriculture Publication Unit P.O.Box 24 Peradeniya Tel/Fax: 081 2388507, 081 20528282 email: [email protected] [email protected]
ISSN No : 1391 - 5711
,e;ehl;bYs;s goq;fspy; Fiw
ghtidAs;s goq;fspw;F rpwg;ghd
,lKz;L. mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy;
,J njhlh;gpy; mjpfstpy; Ngrg;gl;L
tUk; xU Kf;fpa tplak; mtw;wpYs;s
Nghrizfs; MFk;. ,g;goq;fs; gutyhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,e;ehl;bYs;s
Fiw ghtidAs;s goq;fspy; [k;G
Kf;fpanjhU ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ. ,f;
fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; ,jopy;; [k;G goq;fs;
njhlh;ghd gy tpguq;fisf; nfhz;l
fl;Liufs; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd.
fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; - jpiuf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
gpujk Mrphpah; rPuq;fd; nghparhkp
Mrphpah; FOtP.tP.g];ehaf;f
N[.Mh;.gp.N`uj;
kpype;j rkuNfhd;
v];.vk;.rp.v];.rkuNfhd;
vd;.lgps;A.b.V.b.fd;dq;fu
Mh;.vk;.v];.rp.,uj;ehaf;f
jkpohf;f cjtp v];. rptfyh
n[.fPh;j;jpfh
fzzp tbtikg;Gk;> gf;f tbtikg;Gk;mrpj;j g];ehaf;f
jpypzp kJ\pf;fh
rP.nghparhkp
n[.fPh;;jpfh
cw;gj;jp Kfhikj;Jtk;cghyp &g];ru
ntspaPLtptrhag; gpuRu myF
j.ng. ,y: 24
fd;ndhWit
Nguhjid
2015
gpujk MrphpahplkpUe;J...... cs;Ns...
,t;tpjopy; ntspahfpAs;s fl;Liufis
vOjpath;fNs mjw;fhd nghWg;ghFk;.
Mrphpa FO vt;tpjkhd nghWg;igAk;
Vw;fhJ. ,t;tpjopy; ntspahfpAs;s
Mf;fq;fis kWgpuRuk; nra;a
tpUk;GNthh; vk;kplk; Kd; mDkjp ngw
Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; ,yhg Nehf;fw;w
tplaq;fspw;F mDkjp kWf;fg;gl
khl;lhJ vd;gijAk; ftdpf;fTk;.
rPd tptrhaj;jpy; ehk; fw;f Ntz;ba
ghlq;fs; .. .. .. 01
rikay; .. .. .. 07
new; nra;ifapy; ek; Kd;Ndhh; ifahz;l
je;jpNuhghaq;fs; .. .. 08
jpl;lkpl;lhy; Gw;wiuAk; moNfh moNfh 10
[k;G .. .. .. .. 12
Nrhah mtiu Nghriz Kf;fpaj;Jtk; 15
Gy; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; gw;wp njhpe;J nfhs;s
Ntz;bait .. .. .. 17
vd; moifg; ghhPh; .. .. 22
kiyehl;L ,il> <u tyaq;fspy; ntg;g
tyag; gaph;fisr; nra;ifgz;Ztjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; .. .. .. 23
Fzq;fs; epuk;gpa frl;il .. 26
tpl;lkpd; rp gw;wp ePq;fs; mwpe;jitAk;>
mwpahjdTk; .. .. .. 27
myq;fhu ,iyj; jhtuq;fisr; nra;if
gz;Ztjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; .. 30
nrsghf;fpakhd ehl;il cUthf;f
rPd tptrhaj;jpy; ehk; fw;f
Ntz;ba ghlq;fs;
cyfpd; ,uz;lhtJ nghpa ehlhd
kf;fs; rPdf; FbauR cyf kf;fspy; Ie;jpy;
xU gFjpapdhpw;fhd jhafkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
Vwf;Fiwa 1300 kpy;ypad; rPdh;fspw;fhd
czit me; ehl;bNyNa cw;gj;jp nra;J
nfhs;fpd;wdh;. mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk;
ehLfSf;F rPdh xU rpwe;j Kd;DjhuzkhFk;.
re;jpudpy; kl;Lky;yhJ> nrt;tha; fpufj;jpYk;
tptrhak; nra;a KbAkh vd MuhAk; rPd
tpQ;Qhdpfs;> mth;fsJ tptrhaj;; Jiwapd;
mgptpUj;jpf;Fr; rpwe;jnjhU vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf
tpsq;Ffpd;wdh;. fyhrhuj;ijg; Nghd;Nw
r%fg; nghUshjhug; gpd;dzpapYk; tptrha
ehlhf mikag; ngw;w ,yq;ifahdJ rPd
tptrhaj;JiwapypUe;J gbf;f Ntz;ba
ghlq;fNsh Vuhsk;.
Gjpa tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
th;f;fq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
epyj;jpypUe;J cr;r gad;
ehshe;jk; kpf tpiuthf mjpfhpj;J
tUk; rdj;njhifapdhy; Vw;glf; $ba Kf;fpa
gpur;rpidahd czTw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;f
Ntz;Lkhapd; gaphplg;gLk; tp];jPuzj;jpd;
msit mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk; my;yJ xU
myF epyg;gug;gpypUe;J ngWk; tpisr;riy
mjpfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ehl;bd;
mgptpUj;jpAld; ,ize;Js;s
efukakhjypdhy; gaph;nra;ag;gLk; epyg;gug;ig
tp];jhpg;gij rPdhtpdhy; epidj;Jf; $l
ghh;f;f KbahJ. ,Nj gpur;rpidia ,d;W
ngUk;ghyhd ehLfs; vjph;nfhs;fpd;wd.
vdNt vkf;Fs;s xNu xU jPh;T Xh; myF
1kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
epyg;gug;gpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; tpisr;riy
mjpfhpj;J> czTw;gj;jpia mjpfhpg;gjhFk;.
mjhtJ epyg; ghtid tpidj;jpwid
mjpfhpg;gjd; %yk; czTw;gj;jpia
mjpfhpg;gjhFk;. fyg;gpd njhopy;El;gq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp kpf mghpjkhd tpisr;riyj; juf;
$ba th;f;fq;fis cUthf;fy;>
cahpaw; njhopy;El;gq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
Neha;> gPilfspw;F vjph;g;Gj; jd;ik
nfhz;l th;f;fq;fis ,dtpUj;jp nra;jy;
Nghd;w etPd njhopy;El;gq;fspd; Clhf
rPd tpQ;Qhdpfs; epyj;jpd; tpidj;jpwid
mjpfhpj;J czTw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;Fk;
rthiy ntw;wp nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Nrhsk;>
ney;> Nrhah mtiu> fLF> gUj;jp
Mfpatw;wpy; ,dtpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l fyg;gpd
th;f;fq;fs; ,jw;fhd rpwe;j cjhuzkhFk;.
tptrha epyq;fspd; ghJfhg;G
efukakhf;fYf;F my;yJ tPLfis
eph;khzpf;f tptrha epyq;fisg;
gad;gLj;JtJ rPd murhq;fj;jhy;
nghpJk; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rPdhtpy;
midj;J tptrha epyq;fSk; murpd;
clikahFk;. gaph; nra;a tpUk;GNthh;;
murplkpUe;J tptrha epyq;fis Fj;jif
mbg;gilapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
30 tUlq;fSf;F Nky; Fj;jiff;Fg;
ngw;Wf; nfhz;lth;fspw;F ePh;g;;ghrd
trjpfs;> tptrha cgfuzq;fs;> fld;
trjpfs;;> cs;sPLfs; Mfpad murpdhy;;
njhlh;r;rpahf toq;fg;gLtNjhL> re;ij
tha;g;;Gfspw;Fk;; murpdhy; mDruiz
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 18 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l
Mz; ngz; ,UghyhUf;Fk; murplkpUe;J
tptrha epyq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
30 tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh; jhk; Fj;jiff;Fg;
ngw;w epyj;ij murplk; kPz;Lk; xg;gilj;j
gpd; Xa;T ngw tpUk;GNthUf;F murpd;
%yk; Xa;T+jpak; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
tptrhapfs; epidj;jthW gaph;fisr;
nra;ifgz;Zk; chpik mth;fspw;F
,y;iy. Fj;jiff;F vLf;fg;gl;l epyq;fspy;
tptrhak; nra;ahjpUg;gpd; mjw;fhf
jz;lg;gzk; mwtplg;gLfpwJ. re;ijiaAk;>
ifj;njhopiyAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l
gaph;fisr; nra;ifgz;z tptrhapfs;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
Mdhy; ,yq;ifapNyh epiyik
Kw;whfNt khWgl;ljhFk;. b.v];.
Nrdhehaf;f mth;fspd; fhyj;jpypUe;Nj
FbNaw;wj; jpl;lq;fs;> ePh;g;ghrdj; jpl;lq;fs;
Mfpatw;wpy; tptrhapfspw;Nf fhzp
chpik toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. murplkpUe;J
epyq;fis ngw;wTld; murpw;Fk;
epyj;jpw;Fkhd njhlh;g;;G tpLgLfpwJ. mjd;
gpd; me;epyq;fspy; gaphplg;gLfpd;wjh ?
,y;iyah vd;gJ Nfs;tpf;Fwpahf khwp
tpLfpd;wJ. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; me;epyq;fSk;
mLj;j re;jjpapdUf;nfd Jz;lhlg;gLtjhy;
tpidj;jpwdhd gaph;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s
Kbahkw; Ngha; tpLfpd;wJ. fl;bl eph;khzk;>
mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspw;F tptrhaf;
fhzpfs; tpLtpf;fg;gly; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;
gaph; nra;ag;gLk; epyg;gug;G ehshe;jk; FWfp
tUfpd;wJ. tpUk;gpa gapiu gaphpLtjw;fhd
chpik toq;fg;gl;bUg;;gjhy; xOq;fw;w
Kiwapy; gaphpLtjhy; tpisnghUl;fspw;Fr;
rpwe;j tpiy fpilf;fhkw; Ngha;
tpLfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dh;
ngUkstpy; tPzhfpd;wd. vdNt ,yq;ifapy;
tptrha epyq;fspd; ghJfhg;G Nfs;tpf;Fwpahfp
tpl;lJ.
ePhpd; tpidj;jpwdhd
ghtidAk;> ghJfhg;ghd
#oypy; gaph;r;nra;jYk;
xU fhy ml;ltizapd;
mbg;gilapy; ePh;g;ghrdk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. xU fhy;thapd;
%yk; ePiug; ngWk; gaph;r;nra;if
epyq;fspy; xNu gapNuh my;yJ
xNuastpyhd ePh;j; Njitiaf; nfhz;l
gy gaph;fNsh fhzg;gLk;.
2fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
xU ePh;g;ghrdf; fhy;thapd; fPo; xNuasthd
eph;j; Njit nfhz;l gaph;fNs gaphplg;gLk;
,jdhy; tptrhapfspw;F ePiug; gfph;e;J
nfhs;tjpy; gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; FiwthFk;.
jw;NghJ tptrha ePh;;ghrdj;jpw;Fj;
Njitahd ePh;;tsk; fhzg;gl;;lhYk; $l
vjph;;fhy rthiyf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L rpwe;j
tpidj;jpwDld; ePiur; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;j
eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;fhd jPu;thf tprpwy;> nrhl;L ePh;g;ghrd Kiwfisg;
Nghd;Nw epyj;jpw;Ff; fPo; toq;fg;gLk; nrhl;L
ePh;g;ghrdKk; (Sub surface Drip irrigation) gad;gLfpd;wJ.
Fsph;;fhyj;jpy; gaph;;fspd; ntg;gepiyia
NgZtjw;Fk;> gdpapypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,y;yq;;fspy; gaph;fs;
gaphplg;gLfpd;wd. jf;fhsp> Flkpsfha;> jpuhl;ir
kuf;fwpfs;> goq;fs; vd;gd ,k;Kiwapy;
ghhpastpy; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.
ghJfhg;gpy;yq;fspy; gaph;r;nra;if
nghypj;jPd; ,y;yq;fspYk;> G+r;rpfs; Eioa
Kbahj ,y;yq;fspYk; ,k;Kiwapy;
gaphplg;gLfpd;wJ. Neha;> gPilfspypUe;J
gaph;fisg;; ghJfhg;gJk;> Fiwe;jsthd
tptrha ,urhadq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJk;
,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mj;Jld; nraw;ifahd
gj;jpuf;fyitfis ,l;L> nrhl;L
ePh;g;ghrdj;jpy; gaphpLtjd; %yk;
ePhpdJk;> grisfspdJk; tpidj;jpwd;
mjpfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jw;Nghija tptrhag;
gzpg;ghsh; ehafj;jpd; vz;zf;fUtpy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUk; ntz;Gul;rpAk;
,jid xj;jjhFk;.
czTg; gy;tifikAk;>czTf;
fyhrhuKk;
rPdh;fspd; czTg; gof;f tof;fkhdJ
ngUk; gy;tifikiaf; nfhz;lJ.
midj;J gwf;Fk; caphpdq;fSld;> rfy
fhy;eilfisAk; ,th;fs; tpl;L itg;gjpy;iy.
khkpr czTfis mjpfstpy; cl;nfhs;Sk;
,th;fs; jhtu czTfis cz;gjpYk;
risj;jth;fsy;y. cs;ehl;L ePh; epiyfspy;
kPidAk;> ,whiyAk;; tsh;g;gjw;;F mjpfsthd
tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifapy;
jw;NghJ ekJ Njrpa cztfq;fis tpl
mjpfkhd mstpy; rPd cztfq;fNs cs;sd.
vdpDk; rPdhtpYs;s cztfq;fSf;Fk;
3kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
,yq;ifapYs;s rPd cztfq;fSf;Fk;
,ilapyhd xw;WikahdJ cUt mikg;gpy;
khj;jpuNk cs;snjd;gJ mDgtg+h;tkhd
cz;ikahFk;. RitahfTk;> kpFe;j
myq;fhukhfTk; czTfis Maj;jk;
nra;tjpy; rPdh;fSf;F epfh; vtUkpy;iy.
nghJthf ghgfpt; vd;gJ
khkpr czTfis neUg;gpy; thl;bnaLj;J
jahhpg;gnjd;Nw ehk; mwpe;J itj;Js;Nshk;.
Mdhy; rPdh;fs; ,k;Kiwapy; jhtu
czTfisAk; thl;bnaLj;J cz;Zfpd;wdh;.
thiog; gok;> fj;jhp> Flkpsfha;;>
ntq;fhaj;jhs; vd;gdtw;NwhL>
gotiffisAk; ,t;thW thl;bnaLj;J
cz;fpd;wdh;. ,it ,yFthfTk;>
tpiuthfTk; jahhpj;J cz;zf;$ba
czTfsh jw;NghJ khwpAs;sd.
Njrpa tpijfs;> Njrpa czTfNshL>
Njrpa Ritiaj; Njbr;nry;Yk; vkf;F ,r;rPd
czTKiw rpwe;j Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;
vd;gjpy; rw;NwDk; Iak; nfhs;sj;
Njitapy;iy.
czTfisg; gjdply;
xOq;fw;w Kiwapy; nra;Ak;
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gaph;nra;ifapdhy;
vk;ehl;bd; jk;;Gs;is> `guid Mfpa
gpuNjrq;fspy; fhl;L ahidfspd; czthf
khWk; kiy Nghd;W Ftpj;J itf;fg;gLk;
jf;fhsp> G+rzp> nff;fhp> ePw;Wg;G+rzp>
nghpa ntq;fhak; Nghd;wd njhlh;ghd
jfty;fis Clfq;fspd; %yk; ehk; mbf;fb
Nfs;tpg;;gLk; xd;whFk;. tptrhapfs; jkJ
vjph;g;gpid ntspf;fhl;l kiy Nghd;W Ftpj;J
itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tptrha tpisnghUl;fis
vhpj;J tpLtijAk; ehk; fhz KbAk;.
,it khj;jpukh Ch;tyq;fs;> Nghuhl;lq;fs;
elj;JtijAk;; fhzyhk;. ,g;gpur;rpidia
Ch;tyq;fshYk; Nghuhl;lq;fshYk; KbTf;Ff;
nfhz;Ltu Kbahnjd;gJ tptrhapfSf;Nfh
rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfSf;Nfh tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;s Kbahik ftiyf;fplkhd xU
tplakhFk;.
Mdhy; njhopw;rhiyj; Njitia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l
Kiwapy; gaphplg;gl;l G+rzp> jf;fhsp>
Njhil Nghd;w kuf;fwpfSk; Njhil
Nghd;w goq;fSk; nghpastpy;
njhopw;rhiyfSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;L
gog;ghF> gor;rhW Nghd;wd cs;ehl;L
re;ijfis khj;jpuky;yhJ ntspehl;Lr;
re;ijfisAk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;;L cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. ,jid rPdhtpd;
`_dhd; gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzyhk;.
czitg; gjdpLk; njhopw;rhiyfSk;
NtWgl;l jd;ikAiladthFk;.
jf;fhsp gUtj;jpy; mit
jf;fhspiag; gjdpg;gLtNjhL> jf;fhsp
gUtk; Kbe;jJk;> G+rzp tiffs;
gjdplg;gLk;> ,jidaLj;J Njhil
iag; gjdpLtjw;fhd trjpfs;
mj;njhopw;rhiyfspy; cs;sd.
,jdhy; tUlk; KOJk; ,ae;jpuq;fs;
,aq;Ftjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. tay;
Ntiyfis epiwT nra;Ak;
tptrhapfs; mjd; gpd; jkJ Ntiyia
gjdpLk; njhopw;rhiyfspy; njhlh;th;;.
Fsph; fhyj;jpy; mth;fsJ Ntiyj;jsk;
njhopw;rhiyfs; MFk;. ,t;thW
tUlk; KOtJk; gzpahw;Wtjw;;fhd
tha;g;Gfs; njhopyhsh;fspw;Ff; fpl;Lk;.
Xh; xOq;fikg;gpy; gaph;nra;jy;> mg;
gaph;r;nra;iff;fhd gpd;dzpia toq;Fjy;>
cw;gj;jpfis re;ijg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpwe;j
re;ij tha;g;Gfs; fhzg;gly; vd;gd
,g;gaph;r;nra;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s VJthd
fhuzpfshf mike;Js;sd vd;gJ
,ufrpakhnjhd;wy;y vd;gJ njspthFk;.
Mdhy; ,yq;ifapy; jf;fhsp gUtj;jpy;
nfhs;is ,yhgj;jpw;F mit tpw;gid
4fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
uyd mßudKfhka fk¿ï j.d lr we;s whqre
nra;ag;gLk; mNjNtis Vida
fhyq;fspy; jf;fhspiag; gjdpLk;
njhopw;rhiyfspw;F jf;fhsp ,d;ikahy;
mtw;iw %b itf;f Ntz;ba
epiyNaw;gLfpd;wJ. njhopw;rhiyfspw;F
mtrpakhd %yg;nghUl;fs;
,y;yhikapdhy; mit njhlhr;rpahf
cw;gj;jp nra;a KbahjpUg;gJld; ,jdhy;
tPz; tpuaKk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
ngWkhdk; Nrh;f;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs;
rpy czTg; nghUl;fis
cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; NghJ mjd;
gadhff; fpilf;Fk; gpujhd cw;gj;jpf;F
Nkyjpfkhf fpilf;Fk; rpy gf;f
tpisnghUl;fisAk; rPdh;fs; tpl;L
itg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapy;
,e;epiy ,d;Dk; ngUkstpy;
Vw;gltpy;iy. gf;f tpisnghUl;fshff;
fpilf;Fk; gytw;iw ehk; gad;gLj;JtJ
FiwT. cjhuzkhf ney;Yw;gj;jpia
vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mJ mhprpapd;
nghUl;Nl gaphplg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;
mjd; gf;f tpisthf fpilf;Fk;;
jtplhdJ vz;nza; cw;gj;jpf;Fk;> fhy;
e[ilfspw;fhd jPtdkhfTk;; rPdhtpy;
gad;gLfpwJ. rPdh;fspd; cztpy;
mhprpj; jtpl;bypUe;J cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
gy nghUl;fs; cs;sd. cz;ikapy;
tWikapdhy; mhprpj; jtpl;il rPdh;fs;
Efh;fpd;wdh; vd;gij tpl jtpl;bYs;s
Nghrizfis Ma;tpd; %yk; ed;fwpe;j
gpd;dNu mtw;iw cz;Zfpd;wdh;
vd;gijAk; ehk; kwe;J tplf; $lhJ.
jtpl;bypUe;J ngwg;gLk; vz;nza;
kdpj czthFk; mNjNtis ngwg;gLk;
Gz;zhf;F fhy;eilfspw;Fj; jPtdkhf
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J Gujk; epiwe;j xU
jPtdkhFk;. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapy; mwpe;Njh
mwpahkNyh mhprpj; jtpl;il
NeubahfNt tpyq;Ffspw;F toq;fp
tpLfpd;Nwhk;. ,jdhy; mtw;wpypUe;J
ngwg;gLk; vz;nza; gad;glhkw; Ngha;
tpLfpd;wJ. mhprp Miyfspw;fUNf kiy
Nghd;W Ftpj;J itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; jtpl;L
kiyfis rPdhtpy; fhz KbahJ.
mth;fs; mhprpj; jtpl;bypUe;J ngwg;gLk;
tYtpid ,ae;jpuq;fis ,af;Ftjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;. Mdhy; vkf;F ,J
GjpanjhU njhopy;El;gkhf ,y;yhtpbDk;
$l ,jid FiwthfNt gad;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;
myq;fhuj;Jld; Nghriz
vt;tsTjhd; efukakhfpdhYk; rPdh;fs;
,aw;ifr; rkepiyia NgZfpd;wdh;.
fl;blq;fSf;fpilapYk; ghijapd; ,U
kUq;fpYk; myq;fhug; g+q;fhf;fis
mikf;fj;; jtWtjpy;iy. ,j;jhtuq;fs;
myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf kl;Lky;yhJ
thridj; jputpaq;fshfTk;> %ypiffshfTk;
fhzg;gLtNj ,jd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
jhkiuj; jz;L ,yq;ifah;fs;
tpUk;gpAz;Zk; xU czTg; nghUshFk;.
,yq;ifapy; ,g;g+f;fs; topghLfSf;F
nfhq;wPl; tdq;fspw;fpilNa G+q;fh
myq;fhuj;jpw;Fk; tha;g;Gfs;
5kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
Nf.vd;.fd;dq;fu
Muha;r;rp mYtyh;
jhtu ituRfis ,dq; fhZk;
epiyak;
N`hkhfk
kl;LNk mjpfkhf gad;gLfpwJ. Mdhy;
Kjph;r;rpaile;j jhkiuf; fha;fis> my;yJ
tpijfis ehk; mhpjhfNtf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.
Mdhy; rPdhtpy; xU kuf;fwpahfNt
jhkiu gaphplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;nfd
jahhpf;fg;gl;l njhl;bfspNyh my;yJ
jho;thd ,lq;fspNyh Rj;jkhd ePiu epug;gp
gaph;r;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. kyh;fs;
g+f;Fk; fhyq;fspy; Fsk; KOJk; g+f;fshy;
epiwe;J fhzg;gLk;. ,g;g+f;fshdJ #oypw;;F
itf;Fk; rPd tptrhaj; Jiwapd;
tsh;r;rp xU ehspy; Vw;gl;lnjhd;wy;y
vd;gij ehk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. vjph;fhyj;ij vz;zp ePz;l
fhyj;jpw;Fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;l xd;whFk;.
fhyq; fhykhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
tplhKaw;rpNa mth;fspw;F ,t;ntw;wpia
je;Js;sJ.
fle;j 2012 Mk; Mz;L xypk;gpf;
Nghl;bfspy; rPd tPuh;fs; ngw;w ntw;wp
mth;fsJ tplhKaw;rpf;F xU rhd;whFk;.
tsh;e;JtUk; Mgphpf;f> fpof;fhrpa
ehLfspy; mNefkhdit tptrhak;
rhh;e;j ehLfshFk;. tiuaWf;fg;gl;l
G+j;Jf; FYq;Fk; jhkiuf; Fsq;fs;
uk;aj;ij Nrh;f;fpd;wd.
mq;F ngsj;j tpfhiufs; my;yJ NtW rka
];jhgdq;fs; mjpfstpy; ,y;iy. ,jdhy;
midj;J jhkiug; G+f;fSk; fha;fshf
khWfpd;wd. re;ijf;F tUk; jhkiug;
goq;fs; Nghriz epiwe;jNjhL> kpfTk;
gpugy;akhdnjhU czthFk;. vkJ ehl;bYk;
ney; gaphplg;glhj <utya gpuNjrq;fspYk;>
NkYk; rpy efh; Gwq;fspYk; ,j; jhkiur;
nra;ifia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mjpfsthd
tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd.
cyfpNyNa mjpfsthd
rdj;njhifiaf; nfhz;l rPdhtpy; gl;bdp
,y;yhJ miidthpw;Fk; cztspj;J tho
`{dhd; tptrha th;j;jf
rk;Nksdk; elhj;jpa nraw;wpl;lj;jpy;
,yq;ifiag; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
xU FO fye;J nfhz;lJ. mg;NghJ
mth;fSf;F `{dhd; gpuNjr tptrha
gaph;r; nra;ifia Ma;T nra;J>
mjid mwpe;J nfhs;s re;jh;g;gk;
fpilj;jJ. mf;FOtpy; gq;Fgw;wpa
Xh; mq;fj;jtuhd N`hkhfk
jhtu ituRfisf; fz;Lgpbf;Fk;
epiyaj;jpd; Muha;r;rp mYtyuhd
jpU.Nf.vd;.fd;dq;fu mth;fs;
6fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
rik ay;jpizapypUe;J Ritahd czTfis ehKk; rikg;Nghk;
fle;j ,jopy; jpidapYs;s Nghrhff;fpidAk;> mtw;wpd; Fzeyd;fisAk; tpghpj;jpUe;Njhk;. jpizapypUe;J vt;thwhd
czTg; nghUl;fisj; jahhpf;fyhk; vd;gjpy; rpy thrfh;fspw;Fr; re;Njfk; ,Uf;fyhk;. vdNt ,q;F jpizapypUe;J
jahhpf;ff; $ba rpy czTg; nghUl;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fisj; jUfpd;Nwhk;. mtw;iw ePq;fSk; rikj;J> Ritj;Jg;
gad; ngWq;fs;.
jpizr; NrhW
Njitahd nghUl;fs;
jpiz - 150 fpuhk;
ePh; - 1½ Nfhg;ig
cg;G - Njitahd msT
nra;Kiw
fOtpa jpizAld; 1½ Nfhg;ig ePiur; Nrh;j;J
mtpa tplTk;. rpwpJ mtpe;jTld; Njitahd
msT cg;G Nrh;j;J fye;J tplTk;.
jpizf;fQ;rp
Njitahd nghUl;fs;
jpid - 50 fpuhk;ePh; - 1½ Nfhg;ig
cg;G - Njitahd msT
nts;isg; g+L - 2 gy;
fLF - ½ Njf;fuz;b
,Q;rp - ½ Njf;fuz;b
Njq;fha;g; ghy; Njitahd msT
nra;Kiw
fOtpa jpizAld; 1½ Nfhg;ig ePiur;;
Nrh;j;J nfhjpf;f tplTk;. fLF> ,Q;rp>
nts;isg; g+L Mfpatw;iw ed;whf
,bj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. jpiz
ed;whf mtpe;jTld; ,bj;j fLF> ,Q;rp>
nts;isg; g+z;NlhL> Njq;fha; ghiyAk;>
cg;igAk; Nrh;j;J fye;JtplTk;. Njq;fha;
ghy; ed;whf nfhjpj;jTld; ,wf;fTk;.
jpiz ghw;NrhW
Njitahd nghUl;fs;
jpiz - 50 fpuhk;
ePh; - 1½ Nfhg;ig
Njq;fha;ghy; Njitahd msT
cg;G Njitahd msT
nra;Kiw
fOtpa jpizAld; 1½ Nfhg;ig
ePiur; Nrh;j;J mtpa tplTk;. jpiz
ed;whf mtpe;jTld; Njq;fha;ghy;> cg;G
Mfpatw;iwr; Nrh;j;J ed;whf fye;J
tplTk;. Njq;fha;ghy; ed;whf nfhjpj;j
gpd; ,wf;fTk;.
vr;.vk;.fk;kd;gpy;y
cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh;
Nritf;fhyg; gapw;rp epiyak;
fd;ndhWit
7kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
new; nra;ifapy; ek; Kd;Ndhh;
ifahd;l je;jpNuhghaq;fs;
tptrha ,urhadq;fisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Vw;gl;l jPa
gyhgyd;fis mDgtpf;Fk; ,e;j
Afj;jpy; tptrha ,urhadq;fs; ,y;yhJ
gaph; nra;tJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;.
,e;epiyapy; ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; ney;iyg;
gaphpl;l Kiwfspy; vk; ftdj;ijr;
nrYj;jpdhy;; kpFe;j gaDs;sjhf
mikAk; vd;gjpy; re;Njfk; ,y;iy.
gz;ila coTj;
njhopyhdJ rkar; #oYld; ,ize;Nj
fhzg;gl;lJ. fpuhk kf;fs; gy;NtW
tifahd je;jpNuhghaq;fis jkJ
tho;itg; ghJfhf;fTk;> jkJ gaph;fisg;
ghJfhf;fTk; Nkw;nfhz;L te;Js;sdh;.
gaph;r;nra;ifiag; nghWj;j tiu
Muk;gj;jpypUe;J ,Wjp tiu gy;NtW
Kiwfis mth;fs; gad;gLj;jp
te;Js;sdh;. Kd;Ndhh; new;nra;ifapy;
Nkw;nfhz;l fpuhkpa Kiwfs; njhlh;ghd
tpguq;fis ,q;F jUfpd;Nwhk;.
new; nra;ifia Muk;gpj;jy;
Kd;Ndhh; fhh;j;jpifg; g+f;fs;
kyUk;; fhyj;jpy; ney;iyg;
gaphpLtijj; jtph;j;Js;sdh;.
mf;fhyj;jpy; kz;zpy; frg;Gj;
jd;ik ,Ug;gJld;> Ez;Zaph;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifAk; mjpfkhf mjpfkhf
,Ug;gjhf mth;fs; ek;gpdh;. ,NjNghy;
new; gaph;r;nra;ifia Qhapw;Wf;
fpoikfspNyNa Muk;gpg;gh;.
epyj;ijj; jahh; nra;jy;
Rg Neuk; ghh;j;Nj taypd;
epyj;ij jahh; nra;th;. Nrk;G fpoq;if
ntl;b Mq;fhq;Nf taypy; tPrp tpLth;.
,jd; %yk; cOthd; Nghd;w gPilfs;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtjhf ek;gpdh;.
tpij ney;iyg; ghpfhpj;jy;
Jq;F my;yJ Gd;F vd miof;fg;gLk;
Pongamia pinnata ,d; Njhy;> Pennis
8fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
etum triflorum Nth;> Trichadenia zeylanica Mfpatw;iw xd;whfr; Nrh;j;J mjid
tpij ney;Yld; fye;J tpLth;. me;
ney;iy rhf;fpypl;L jz;zPhpy; CwtpLth;.
Rg Neuj;jpNyNa ,jid Nkw;nfhs;th;.
,jd;gpd; Nrk;Gf; fpoq;F> kQ;rs;> ,Q;rp
Mfpadtw;wpy; xt;nthU
nrbiaAk;> njd;dk; G+ my;yJ fKF
g+Tld; nts;isj; Jzpapy; Rw;wp
mtw;Wld; rpwpjsT tpij ney;iyAk;;
taYf;F vLj;Jr; nry;th;. taypy; 3
tuk;Gfs; ,izAk; ,lj;jpy; flTis
tzq;fp jhk; nfhz;L te;j
nrbfis eLth;. nfhz;L te;j g+itAk;;
mt;tplj;jpy; el;L itg;gh;. ,jid
mth;fs; nrsghf;fpaj;jpd; xU FwpaPlhf
gpd;gw;wp te;Js;sdh;.
ney;iy tpijj;jy;
fhiyapy; gwitfspd; xyp vOk; Kd;Ng
jPh;j;jf; fyaj;ij Maj;jk; nra;th;.
ntw;wpiyj; jl;nlhd;iw Maj;jk;
nra;J mjpy; rpwpjsT tpijney;iy
itg;gh;. taypy; rka topghLfspd; gpd;dh;;
ney;iy tpijg;gh;.
ney;ypd; ghw;gUtj;jpy; ghpfhpj;jy;
,sePnuhd;wpd; jiyg;gFjp ntl;b
mfw;wp> gphpj; Xjpa gpd; mt;tpsePh;
gaph;fSf;F njspf;fg;gLk;.
taypy; vypfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;;
fhiy Ntisapy; tuk;gpd; topNa
FWf;fhf md;dhrp Kbfis itg;gh;.
khiy Neuj;jpy; md;dhrpr; nrbapd;
kj;jpapYs;s Kbiag; gwpj;J mjid
vypfs; Nrjg;gLj;jpa ,lq;fspy;
itg;gh;. ahUlDk; fijf;fhJ ,jid
nra;tNjhL> ,jd; gpd;dUk; ahUlDk;
fijf;fhJ kPz;Lk; tPl;bw;Fr; nry;th;.
md;dhrp Kbfs; mOfj; njhlq;Fk;
NghJ Vw;gLk; Jh;ehw;wj;jpdhy; kPz;Lk;
vypfs; tukhl;lhJ vd ek;gpdh;.
taypy; Mq;fhq;Nf rzy;
FUj;Jf;fis el;L itg;gh;. ,it
mOfpa gpd;dh; tPRk; Jh;ehw;wj;jpd;
fhuzkhf vypfs; tuhJ vd ek;gpdh;.
vypfs; taypDs; Eioaf;$ba
,lq;fspy; rpwpjhf ntl;lg;gl;l
gg;ghrpj; jz;LfisAk;> fhfpjj;
Jz;LfisAk; itj;J tpLth;.
ney; < fl;Lg;ghL
new; gaphpy; fjph; ntsp te;jTld;
,uT Neuj;jpy; gf;fpypg;ghy; ge;jj;jpy;
Fq;fpypaj;ij tprpwp mjd; Gifia
tanyq;Fk; gpbg;gh;.
Mf;fk;:
vy;.V.epy;kpzp Njtpfh
tptrha Nghjdhrphpia
taw; gaph;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;>
k`h,Yg;gs;sk
9kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
xU rpy gh;r;r];
fhzpapy;
©e;Njhl;lnkhd;iw
eph;khzpj;Jf;
nfhs;tJ vg;gb ?
kyh; 53 - ,jo; 1 ,ypUe;J njhlh;fpd;wJ....
jppl;lkpl;lhy; Gw;wiuAk;;; moNfh moF
rdj;njhif
mjpfhpg;gpw;Nfw;g
ngUk;ghyhNdhhpw;Ff;
Fiwe;jsthd tsq;fNs
fpilf;fpd;wd. epyKk; mjw;F
tpjptpyf;fy;y. ,jdhy;
jw;NghJ 10 - 15 gh;r];
tp];jPuzKs;s fhzpfspNyNa tPLfis mikf;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; fl;blj;jpw;fhd
,lk; Nghf vQ;rpapUf;Fk;; epyj;jpy; tPl;Lj;;Njhl;lk; mikg;gnjd;gJ xU ngUk; rthyhFk;. Mdhy;
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; ,jid vjph;nfhs;s Kbahikf;fhd fhuzk; mwpahikNa MFk;.
Njhl;lnkhd;iw eph;khzpf;Fk; Kd; ePq;fs; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;bait ,it...
Njhl;lnkhd;iw eph;khzpf;FKd; ;ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fhuzpfSs; Kjd;ikahdJ
fhyepiyahFk;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; ehl;bd; fhyepiy vy;yh gpuNjrj;jpYk; xNu khjphpahf ,Ug;gjpy;iy.
gpuNjrq;fSf;Nfw;g ehk; eLk; jhtuq;fisAk; njhpTnra;a Ntz;Lk;.
,uz;lhtjhf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba tplak; epyj;jpd; mikg;G my;yJ cau
NtWghl;ilf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mf;fhzp rkjiuahdjh my;yJ rha;thdnjhU ,lkh
vd mtjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. jhtuq;fis eLtjw;F mjpYs;s kz; nghUj;jkw;wjhapd; kz;iz khw;w
Ntz;Lk;.
mLj;J nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzp fhzpapy; eLif nra;a vz;zpAs;s jhtuq;fs;
MFk;. #oypw;F MNuhf;fpakhd fhw;iw khj;jpuky;yhJ> epoiyAk; jhtuq;fspd; %yNk ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. ePq;fs; thOk; ,lq;fspy; eLif nra;af;$ba> ePq;fs; tpUk;gpa jhtuq;fspd;
gl;banyhd;iwj; jahhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jhtuq;fisj; njhpT nra;Ak; NghJ fhzpapd;
miktplk;> myq;fhuk; Mfpatw;iw khj;jpuky;yhJ> tsp khriljy;> xypapdhy; khriljy; vd;gdtw;wpYk;
10fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
rkpe;j uj;dhaf;f>
tptrhag; Nghjdhrphpah;
mur jhtutpaw; ©q;fh>
Nguhjid
jpl;lkpl;L fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fj;ij moFgLj;jpath;
ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. mbf;fb thfdk;
nry;Yk; gpujhd tPjpfspw;fUNf trpg;gtuhapd;
tsp> xyp Mfpatw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $ba
jhtuq;fisj; njhpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
G+q;fhtpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Gw;fs;
njhlh;gpYk; mjpf ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
rkjiuahd ,lq;fspy; jhtuq;fis
,yFthf el KbAkhapDk;> XusT rha;thd
my;yJ mjpfsT rha;thd ,lq;fspy;
kz;zhpg;G Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
cs;sd. vdNt ,t;tplq;fspy; tpNrl ftdQ;
nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,Wjpahf G+e;Njhl;lj;ij
vt;thW guhkhpg;gJ vd;gJ njhlh;ghfTk;>
g+e;Njhl;lk; njhlh;ghfTk; eilKiw mwpTk;
mtrpakhFk;.
,jw;fika tPl;ilr; #oTs;s
rpwpa ,lj;jpYk; myq;fhukhd G+e;Njhl;lj;ij
eph;khzpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. cq;fspw;Nfh
my;yJ cq;fs; FLk;g mq;fj;jth;fspw;Nfh
#lhd fhw;wh my;yJ Fspuhd fhw;wh Njit
vd;gij czh;e;J mjw;fika jhtuq;fisj;
njhpT nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
tPl;by; nraw;ifahd epoNy
fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; ,jid tpl Kw;wpYk;
NtWgl;l epoy;> kuj;jpd; %yk; fpl;Lk;.
Vnddpy; ,J ,aw;ifahff; fpilf;Fk; xU
ghfkhFk;.
Ie;J my;yJ gj;J gh;r;r];
fhzpf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd G+e;Njhl;lj;ij
vt;thW eph;khzpg;gJ vd;gij mLj;j ,jopy;
Muha;Nthk;.
11kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
[k;G NghrizAk; kUj;Jtf;
FzKk; epiwe;j gok; [k;G
MFk;. gz;ila fhyj;jpypUe;Nj
,j;jhtuk tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fspy;
fhzg;gl;lnjhU go kukhf
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,J G+j;Jf; FYq;Fk;
NghJk;> fha;f;Fk; NghJk; kpfTk;
myq;fhukhff; fhzg;gLk;. rpwg;ghf
epoiy toq;ff; $ba xU epoy;
kukhFk;. vtUk; tpUk;Gk; goq;fspy;
,JTk; xd;whFk;.
rptg;G [k;G ,yq;ifapy; kpfTk; gpugy;akhd xd;whFk;. Mdhy; mz;ikf;
fhyq;fspy; ntspehLfspypUe;J ,yq;iff;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l gy [k;G th;f;fq;fSk;
gpugy;akhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; gy tiffs; cz;L. ,yq;ifapy; uj;J (rptg;G)
[k;G> gpdp [k;G> ul;l (ntspehl;L) [k;G> ntyp [k;G> k`h [k;G> tpijfsw;w [k;G vd
gy nghJg; ngah;fspy; ,it miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk; ,tw;wpy; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s ehd;F
tifahd [k;G khj;jpuNk kpfTk; gpugy;akhdjhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.
01. uj;J (rptg;G) [k;G 02. gpdp[k;G 03. ul;l (ntspehl;L) [k;G 04. ntyp (kzy;) [k;G
,e;j tif [k;G Red rose apple, Wax apple, Java apple, Water apple, Wax jambu vd gy ngah;fspy;
miof;fg;gLk;. ,jd; jhtutpaw; ngah; Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston MFk;. ,jd; fdp
uj;J (rptg;G) [k;G
rptg;G epwkhFk;. ,jd; Nkw;gug;G kpDq;Fk; nkOF
Nghd;W Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. Vida tiffis tpl
mstpw; rpwpajhFk;. ,jd; epiw ruhrhpahf 10 -
12 fpuhkhff; fhzg;gLk;. Gspg;Gld; $ba ,dpg;Gr;
RitahdjhFk;. ,t;tif [k;Git mNefkhf vy;yh
tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fspYk; fhzyhk;. fp.gp. 1505 mstpy; ,J
,yq;iff;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.
12fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
gpdp [k;G ,t;tif [k;G Malay apple vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;. ,jd; jhtutpaw; ngah; Syzy gium malacence MFk;. ,J ,sQ; rptg;G
epwkhf ,Ug;gJld; ngahh;]; fhapd;
mikg;ig xj;jJ. gpdp [k;G ePh; mjpfk;
nfhz;l Gspg;Gr; Ritahd gokhFk;. ,jd;
rijahdJ ];nghd;r; Nghd;W ntz;zpwkhff;
ul;l (ntspehl;L) [k;G ,J Bell fruit vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.
,jd; jhtutpaw; ngah; Syzygium samarangense Merr.& Perry vdg;gLk;. ,it tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
rptg;G [k;G th;f;fk; vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.
nghJthd tof;fpy; ngy; G&l; my;yJ
ul;l (ntspehl;L) [k;G vd miof;fg;gLk;.
rhjhuz [k;Git tpl Njhw;wj;jpYk;> mstp
Yk; NtWgl;ljhFk;. ,jid nts;is> rptg;G>
fhzg;gLk;. mjpfsthd ePh; fhzg;gLk;. ,k;kuj;jpy; gpujhdkhf eLj;jz;bYk; fpis-
fspYk; g+ g+f;Fk;. xU gok; 40 - 50 fpuhk; epiwAilaJ. ,k;kukhdJ Vida [k;G
kuq;fis tpl caukhf tsh;tJld;> ,jd; goj;jpd; Rit Fiwe;jjhff; fhzg;gLk;.
,jd; g+thdJ ,sQ; rptg;G epwj;jpy; kpfTk; myq;fhukhdjhff; fhzg;gLk;.
,sQ;rptg;G ehty; kw;Wk; gr;ir epwq;fspy; fhzyhk;. ,j; jhtuj;jpd; fha;fspd; epwk;> msT>
ghuk;> Rit> kuj;jpd; Njhw;wk; vd;gtw;wpd; tpNrl jd;ikfshy; ,J xU gokhf kl;Lky;yhky;
myq;fhuj; jhtukhfTk;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lg; gapuhfTk; gpugy;akhfpAs;sJ. ,J Rkhh; 35 - 75 fpuhk;
epiwAs;sjhff; fhzg;gLk;. ,t;tif [k;G 1980fspy; epyj; Njhw;w myq;fhuj;jpw;fhf Vida
jhtuq;fSld; kNyrpah> jha;yhe;;J Mfpa ehLfspypUe;J nfhz;L tug;gl;ljhf ek;gg;gLfpwJ.
ntyp [k;G / rPdp [k;G ,J Rose Apple, Malabar plum ,Jambu, chom pu, Pomme rose vd gy ngah;fspy; miof;fg;gLk;.
,jd; jhtutpaw; ngah; Sygygium jambos Alston MFk;;. ,it ,skQ;rs;> nts;is my;yJ
kQ;rs; rhh;e;j ,sQ; rptg;G epwkhdjhFk;. goq;fs; ePs; tl;l tbthdit MFk;.
13kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
<ug;gjd; 91.40 - 92.96
Gujk; 0.50
rPdp 0.56
,Uk;G 0.001
rhk;gy; 0.21 - 0.27
fy;rpak; 0.01
nghRguR 0.03
ry;©hpf;fkpyk; 0.17 tPjk;
rpw;wpf;fkpyk; 0.15 tPjk;
20 Mk; gf;fj;jpw;F
,yq;iff;Nf chpj;jhd> ,jd;
Vida td ,dq;fis gw;iwf;
fhLfspy; tpNrlkhf <utyag; gpuNjrq;fspYk;
fhzyhk;. gz;ila fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy;
kpfg; gpugykhdnjhU gokhf tpsq;fpaNjhL>
jw;NghJ ,jidf; fhz;gJ mhpjhfNt
cs;sJ. ,jd; ,lj;ij jw;NghJ rptg;G (uj;J)
[k;G gpbj;;Js;sJ. ,jd; g+f;fs; ,sk;gr;ir>
gr;ir epwj;jpy; fhzf; fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; G+f;fs;
mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd kfue;j ,iofisf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
G+h;tPfKk;> gutYk; kNyrpah> me;jkhd;> epf;Nfhghh; jPTfisg; G+h;tPfkhff; nfhz;lnjhU gokhFk;. uJ
[k;GTk;> ul (ntspehl;L) [k;GTk; jha;yhe;J> fhk;Nghbah> yhNth];> tpal;dhk;> jha;thd;
Mfpa ehLfspy; gpugykhdJ. ntyp (kzy;) [k;G kNyrpahitg; G+h;tPfkhff; nfhz;lNjhL>
,e;jpahtpy; gy gpuNjrq;fspYk;> njd; fpof;F MrpahtpYk;> gRgpf; jPTfspYk; gaph;
nra;ag;gLtNjhL> ,aw;ifahfTk; ,t;tplq;fspy; gutpAs;sJ. gpdp[k;G Nkw;F kNyrpahitg;
G+h;tPfkhff; nfhz;lJ. th;j;jf ,hPjpapy; kNyrpah> mT];jpNuypah> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w ehLf
spy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mstpy; [k;G gaph;r;nra;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ. jha;thdpy;; th;j;jf
[k;G gaph;r;nra;if kpfTk; Kd;Ndw;wkile;j epiyapw; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nghrizg; ngWkhdk; [k;GtpYs;s Nghrizg; ngWkhdq;fs; njhlh;ghd jfty;fs; ,d;Wk; Fiwe;j
mstpNyNaf; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. czTf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F Vw;wnjhU gokhFk;. cyh;
fhyepiyapd; NghJ clw; #l;ilf; Fiwf;f ,J cjTk;.
100 fpuhk; [k;G goj;jpYs;s Nghrizg; ngWkhdq;fs; (fpuhkpy;)
14fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
Nghriz Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Nrhah mtiu
rhpahd czTg;
gof;fkpd;;ikahy; Gw;W Neha;>
,iug;ig mow;rp (nf];l;iub];)>
ePhpopT> rpWePufk; rhh;e;j
Neha;fs; Nghd;wd kpf ,yFthf
kdpjh;fspy; njhw;wpf; nfhs;fpd;wd.
,J vjph;fhyj;jpy; ehl;bd;
mgptpUj;jpf;F ngUk; rthyhf
mikayhk;. ,e;epiyapy; Nrhah
mtiuia kpf Kf;fpakhd
gapuhff; fUJtjw;fhf fhuzk;
mjpYs;s epiwe;j NghrizAk;>
kUj;Jtf; Fzq;fSk; MFk;.
ePhpopT> nfhy];l;Nuhy;> Gw;WNeha;
Nghd;wtw;wpw;F vjpuhf njhopw;gLk;
rf;jpia ,J nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,JnthU Gujk; epiwe;j
czthFk;. Nrhah mtiuia
,yq;ifapy; ,yFth
fr; nra;ifgz;z KbAk;.
,jdhy; fpilf;Fk; Nghrizf;
Fzq;fspdhy; kf;fspilNa
,jid gpugy;ag;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
,yq;ifah;fspd; FLk;gg;
Nghrizia tpUj;jp nra;a KbAk;.
,jpy; Xh; mq;fkhf
ehshe;j czTld; Nrhah ghiy
mwpKfg;gLj;j KbAk;. mjhtJ
,aw;ifahd ghypw;Fg; gjpyhfg;
gad;gLj;jf; $ba Nghrhf;fhd>
ghJfhg;ghd> MNuhf;fpakhd
xU ghdkhf Nrhah ghiy
mwpKfg;gLj;jyhk;. jw;NghJ
kf;fspilNa ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk;
ghy kh njhlh;gpy; gy epr;rakw;w
jd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rkPg
fhyj;jpy; DCD vDk; ,urhad
nghUspdhy; ghy;khit iftpl;L
gRk;ghiy gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;fpdh;.
vdpDk; efug; gFjpfspy; thOk;
kf;fspd; Nfs;tpiag; G+h;j;jp nra;a
Kbahik ,q;F xU rthyhf
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kf;fs;
jputg; ghiy mUe;Jtjpy; gy
gpur;rpidfs; cs;sd. vdNt
,jw;fhd rpwe;j jPh;T Nrhahg;
ghiy gpugy;ag;gLj;JtjhFk;.
NghrizapYk; Nrhah ghy; cah;
kl;lj;jpw; fhzg;gLtJ ,d;ndhU
ed;ikahFk;. gRk; ghypw;F
xt;thik nfhz;lth;fspw;F Nrhah
ghy; rpwe;j jPh;thFk;.
15kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
ghiyNrhah
mtiu
rf;jp (fpNyh [{y;) 103 131
nkhj;j nfhOg;G (fpuhk;) 2.4 (3%) 4.2 (6%)
epuk;gpa nfhOg;G (fpuhk;) 1.5 (7%) 0.5 (2%)
epuk;ghj nfhOg;G (fpuhk;) 0.1 2.3
Monounsaturated (fpuhk;) 0.7 1
nfhy];lNuhy; 4 % 0 %
Nrhbak; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 107 (4%) 124 (5%)
nghl;lhrpak; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 366 (4%) 287 (8%)
fhNghitjNuw;W (fpuhk;) 12 (4%) 15 (6%)
ehh; (fpuhk;) 0 1.5
rPdp (fpuhk;) 13 1.0
Gujk; (fpuhk;) 8 (16%) 8 (16%)
fy;rpak; (tPjk;) 30 % 6 %
,Uk;G (tPjk;) 0 % 8 %
gRk; ghy;> Nrhah ghypd; Nghriz ngWkhdk; Xh; xg;gPL
Nrhah ghiyj; jahhpf;Fk; Kiw
D Rj;jkhd Nrhah tpijapy; 200 fpuhik Xh; ,uT KOJk; Cw tplTk;.
D ePiu tbj;J fOtpa gpd;> nfhjp ePhpypl;L 5 epkplq;fs;; mtpf;fTk;.
D mtpe;j gpd; me; ePiu mfw;wp xU yPw;wh; ePUld; Nrh;j;J ed;whf
miuj;njLf;fTk;.
D Rj;jkhd Jzpnahd;wpid gad;gLj;jp mg;ghiy tbj;J nfhs;sTk;.
D tbj;j ghYld; cg;igr; Nrh;j;J> ,dpg;Gr; Ritf;F rPdpiaAk; Nrh;j;Jf;
fye;j gpd;> kPz;Lk; xU epkplk; mg;ghiy nfhjpf;f tplTk;.
D mt;thW nfhjpj;j gpd; mg;ghy; gUFtjw;F cfe;jJ.
D nfhf;Nfh gTlu; my;yJ ntzpyhr; Rita+l;bAld; fye;J FspUl;ba gpd;
gUf KbAk;.
vr;.vk;.yypjh gj;kpzp fkNf> tptrhag; Nghjdhrphpia
czT Muha;r;rp myF> fd;ndhWit
16fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
tptrhapfNs ,ijg; gw;wp rpe;jpj;jJz;lh ?
Gy; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; gw;wp njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bait
fisfis fl;LgLj;JtJ vd;gJ ,d;W vy;yh
tptrhag; gz;izfspYk;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fspYk;
Kf;fpanjhU gpur;rpidahf khwpAs;sJ. Gw;fis
ntl;Ltjw;F mjpfsthd nryTk;> ciog;Gk;> fhyKk;
mtrpakhFk;. njhopyhsh;fspw;F Vw;gLk; mjpfsthd nryT>
nghUj;jkhd xUtiuj; Njbf; nfhs;tjpYs;s gpur;rpid Mfpatw;wpd;
fhuzkhf ,d;W Gy; ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kpfTk; gpugy;akhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,jw;fhf kf;fs;
vjph;;Nehf;fpa rpf;fy;fSf;Fj; jPh;;thf etPd Gy;ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuk; rkPg
fhykhf gad;ghl;by; cs;sd.
,jid kpd;rhuk;> vhpnghUs; %yk; ,af;f KbAk;.
,t;tif ,ae;jpuq;fis nfhs;tdT nra;Ak; NghJ jkf;fhd
Njitia mwpe;J nghUj;jkhdnjhd;iw nfhs;tdT nra;tJ
rhyr; rpwe;jJ.
tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpNyh my;yJ rpwpasthd epyg;gug;G cs;s NghJ
kpd;dpizg;ig toq;ff; $ba trjp ,Ue;jhy; (,izg;G tahpd;
ePsj;ijg; nghWj;J) kl;LNk kpd;rhuj;jpdhy; ,aq;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ij
nfhs;tdT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy;; vhpnghUs; %yk;
,aq;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; cfe;jjhFk;.
nghpa gug;gsTs;s Njhl;lq;fSf;F my;yJ gz;izfspw;F
vhpnghUs; %yk; ,aq;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; cfe;jJ. Vnd-
17kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
dpy; njhlh;r;rpahf mjpf Neuj;jpw;F
gad;gLj;jf; $bajhapUg;gNjhL> ,yhg
fukhdJ> gad;gLj;jTk; ,yFthdjhFk;.
ngw;Nwhy; %yk; ,aq;Fk; Gy;
ntl;Lk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; %yk; Fwpg;gpl;l
,lj;jpYs;s fisfspd; td;jd;ikf;F
Vw;g ehnshd;wpy; ntl;lf; $ba
gug;gsT NtWgLk;. rhjhuz ,iyfs;
fhzg;gLkhapd; ehnshd;wpy; xU Vf;fh;
tiu ntl;l KbAk;. ,jw;F 3 - 4 yPw;wh;
ngw;Nwhy; mtrpakhFk;.
,ae;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ
ftdpf;f Ntz;bad
,ae;jpuj;jpd; gad;ghl;L Kiw
ia mwpa Nrit topfhl;bia
(Service Manual) ed;F thrpj;J mwpe;J
,ae;jpuk; njhlh;ghd rpwe;j njspit
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;jpy; ngw;Nwhy; Foha;>
ntl;L Kid (Blade), tah; njhFjp (High tension wires) Mfpad
ed;whfg; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sjh vd;gij
mjhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ngw;Nwhypdhy; ,aq;Fk; ,ae;jpukhapd;
2T vz;nziaAk;> ngw;NwhiyAk;
rhpahd tpfpjj;jpy; fyit nra;a
Ntz;baJ kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
,ae;jpuk; tpidj;jpwdhf ,aq;fTk;>
vd;[pd; Njitapy;yhJ #lht
ijj; jtph;g;gjw;Fk;> MAl;fhyj;ij
mjpfhpf;fTk; ,J kpf Kf;fpakhFk;.
tsp tbfl;bia ed;whfr; Rj;jg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; Gw;fspd; ghfq;fSk;>
Vida J}rpfSk; ,Ug;gpd; rhpahd
Kiwapy; mfw;w Ntz;Lk;.
Gw;fis ntl;l Kd; ,ae;jpuj;jpd;
ntl;L Kidia ed;whf jPl;bf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jk;; Kd;G ghJfhg;G
mq;fpfis (fz;fisAk;> ghjq;fisAk;
ghJfhf;f) mzpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;ij gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ
md;whlk; Vw;glf;$ba rpf;fy;fs;
,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;Ftjpy; rpukk;
ePz;l ,ilntspf;Fg; gpd; ,ae;jpuj;ijg;
gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ ,g;gpur;rpid Vw;gl
tha;g;G cs;sJ. rpyNeuk; fhgpANul;lUld;
njhlh;Gila ngw;Nwhy; Foha;; gFjpapy;
Njitaw;w nghUl;fs; milj;jpUf;;fyhk;.
,jd; NghJ Foha; njhFjpia
ed;F ghpNrhjpj;J VjhtJ nghUl;fs;
milj;jpUf;Fkhapd; mjid Rj;jk; nra;J
kPz;Lk; nghUj;jTk;.
2T vz;nza;> ngw;Nwhy; vd;gd rhpahd
tpfpjj;jpy; fye;jpuhik (,ae;jpuj;Jld;
toq;fg;gLk; topfhl;bia thrpj;J
mjw;fika fyf;fTk;).
fhh;gpANul;lhpd; Crp thy;T (Needle Valve) ,WfpapUf;Fkhapd; fhh;gpANul;lhpw;F ngw;Nwhy; nry;tJ jilg;gLjy; my;yJ
ngw;Nwhy; fhh;gpANul;lhpw;F frpjy;
Nghd;wtw;why; ,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;Ftjpy;
jhkjNkw;glyhk;. ,J mNefkhf
ngw;NwhYld; NtW nghUl;fs; nry;tjhy;
my;yJ tsp tbfl;bapd; Clhf khRf;fs;
fhh;gpANul;liu Nehf;fp nry;tjhy;
Vw;glyhk;. Kjw; gbahf fhh;gpANul;lhpd;
fPo; fhzg;gLk; jpUfhzpia
fow;wp rpwpjsT ngw;Nwhiy mfw;wp
kPz;Lk; mj;jpUfhzpia ,Wf;fp kPz;Lk;
,af;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;FiwghL Kd;diu
Nghd;W kPz;Lk; Vw;gLkhapd; jpUj;Jdhpd;
cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;.
18fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
Mf;fk;:
kpype;j rkuf;Nfhd;>
tptrhag; Nghjdhrphpah;>
tptrhag; gpuRu myF
Spark plug rhpahd Kiwg;gb
jfdkilahik. ,jw;F Spark plug ,y; Nkyjpfkhf vz;nzapl;L itj;jy;> Plug point vhpe;J fhzg;gly;> Plug point gap clearance NtWgl;bUj;jy;. Hightention wire ,y; FiwghL ,Uj;jy;> mlg;lNuhL Spark plug rhpahd Kiwapy; nghUe;jpapuhik
Nghd;w FiwghLfs;; ,Ug;gpd; mjidf;
fz;L gpbj;J FiwghLfis epth;j;jp
nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;jpd; Ntfj;ij mjpfupf;f
Kbahik
,jid epth;j;jp nra;a tsp tbfl;biar;
Rj;jg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ngw;NwhYk;> 2T vz;nzAk; rhpahd mstpy; fyf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh
vd;gjid ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhh;gpANul;lhpd;
n[l;]; (Carburetor Jets) ,WfpapUg;gpd; mjid
Rj;jg;gLj;j jf;f eltbf;iffs; vLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;jpd; Ntfj;ij khw;w Kbahik
vf;rNyl;lh; Nfgy; ,WfpapUj;jy;>
gOjhfpapUj;jy; vd;gd ,jw;fhd
fhuzq;fshFk;. ,jid epth;j;jp nra;tjw;F
Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; gad;gLj;jpa gpd;dh; cuha;T
ePf;fp vz;nza; ,l;L rPh; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
fk;gp gOjile;jpUg;gpd; mjid khw;w
Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; Throte valve spring I Muha;e;J mjpy; gpw nghUl;fs; ,WfpapUg;gpd;
mjid rPh; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Throte valve cup rhpahd Kiwapy; %bapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;Fk; NghJ mjpf Gif
ntspNaWjy;
,jid epth;j;jp nra;a ngw;NwhYk;> 2T vz;nzAk; rhpahd mstpy; fyf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh
vd;gij cWjp nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,NjNghd;W tsp tbfl;bia ed;F Rj;jk;
nra;jy;> fhh;gpANul;lhpy; ngw;NwhYk;> tspAk;;
rhpahf tpfpjj;jpy; fyg;gij rPh; (Tuning) nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
Gy; ntl;Lk; NghJ ntl;L KidAld;
njhlh;Gila Fohapy; mjph;T Vw;gly; my;yJ
mf;FohapDs; njhopw;gLk; RUsp mjph;Tld;
,aq;Fjy;
,jid epth;j;jp nra;a NfgYf;F vz;nza;
tpLjy; my;yJ FohapYs;s ngahhpq;
I ghpNrhjpj;J Gjpjhf ,l Ntz;Lkhapd;
jpUj;Jdhpd; cjtpAld; mjid jpUj;jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpuj;ij rhpahd Kiwapy;
,af;fpdhYk; rhpahd Kiwapy; Gy;
ntl;Lg;glhik
ntl;Lk; myiff; $h;ikahf;Fjy; my;yJ
Gjpa ntl;Lk; myif nghUj;jy; %yk; ,jid
epth;j;jp nra;ayhk;.
,ae;jpu Mspapd; %yk; ,ae;jpuj;ij ,af;f
Kbahik
,g;gpur;rpidapd; NghJ ,ae;jpu Msp kw;Wk;
mjNdhL njhlh;Gila tah; ,izg;Gfis
ghprPyid nra;a Ntz;Lk;. FiwghLfs;
,Ug;gpd; jpUj;jQ; nra;aTk; my;yJ khw;wTk;.
Nkw; Fwpg;gpl;lthW ,ae;jpuj;ij rupahd
Kiwapy; guhkhpj;J> jpUj;j
NtiyfisAk; rhpahd Neu fhyj;jpy;
Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; Gy; ntl;Lk;
,ae;jpuj;jpypUe;;J cr;r gaid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tNjhL> mjd; MAl; fhyj;ijAk;
ePbf;f KbAk;.
19kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
14 Mk; gf;fj;jpypUe;J ......
Njitahd fhyepiy [k;G ,dq;fs; mad kz;ly my;yJ mjidnahj;j fhypepiyikfspy; rpwg;ghf tsUk;;. rptg;G
[k;GthdJ jho;ehL> kj;jpa ehL Mfpatw;iwg; Nghd;Nw kiyehl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; rpwg;ghf tsUk;.
,yq;ifapy; mNefkhf vy;yh Fsph;r;rpahd gpuNjrq;fspYk; ,J tsUk;. ntg;gepiy kpff; Fiwthf
,Uf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; tsh;r;rpailahJ. Mdhy; ,dtpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l [k;Gj; jhtuq;fs;
ve;j tifahd fhyepiyapYk; ed;F tsh;r;rpailAk;. ntyp (kzy;) [k;G mjpfkhf tsh;tJ <utyag;
gpuNjrq;fspyhFk;. gpdp [k;G kj;jpa kiyehl;by; mjpfkhf tpisAk;. ,J ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F twl;rpiaAk;>
mjpfsthd ntg;gepiy NtWghL epyTk; gpuNjrq;fspYk;; <L nfhLj;J tsu khl;lhJ. vdpDk; [k;Gg;
gaph;r;nra;iff;F mjpf cyh;thd> mjpf ntg;gkhd gpuNjrq;fs; cfe;jjy;y.
guk;gy; tpijapd;%yk; [k;Git ,yFthf ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;ayhk;. [k;G tpijfspd;; tho;jfT Fiwe;j
fhyj;jpw;Nf epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. vdNt goj;jpypUe;J tpijiag; gphpj;njLj;jTld; cldbahfNt eLif
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpby; kzy; ehw;W Nkilfspy; tpijfis el;L> mjd; gpd;dh; tPhpakhf tsh;e;j
ehw;iw NjitahdthW eLif nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. gjpa ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp
nra;J nfhs;tNj rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;. tpij %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l ehw;Wld; (xl;Lf;fl;il) cah;e;j
Fzq;fSila jha;j; jhtuj;jpd; xl;Lf; fpisia xl;b eLtjw;fhd ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;J nfhs;s
KbAk;. ,jidj; jtpu ,il ituj; Jz;lq;fs;> fhw;Wg; gjpitj;jy;> Mg;nghl;L Mfpatw;wpd; %yKk;
ehw;Wf;fis cw;gj;jp nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
gaph; nra;jy; jpUg;jpfukhfg; gaph; nra;tjw;F ed;F #hpa ntspr;rk; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; rhjhuz
epoypd; fPo; ,jidg; gaphplyhk;. ePh; ed;whf tbe;J nry;y Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh tifahd kz; tiffspYk;
thof; $baJ ,g;gaph;. Vida gog;gaph;fisg; Nghd;Nw [k;gtpw;Fk; epyj;ij Maj;jk; nra;aTk;. 60 r.kP
(2 mb) ePs> mfy> MoKs;s Fopfis ntl;ba gpd; mjid Nky; kz;> cf;fpa rhzk;> $l;nlU Mfpa
fyitahy; epug;g Ntz;Lk;. ,jidj; jtpu ,urhadg; grisfis ,l;Lk; gad; ngwyhk;.
jhtuj;jpd; cauk;> tpjhdk; Mfpatw;iw fj;jhpj;J jhtuj;jpd; fl;likg;igg; guhkhpj;Jf; nfhs;s
KbAk;. gjpa ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; %yk; ngwg;gl;l ehw;Wf;fis G+r;rhbfspYk; eLif nra;J gad;ngwyhk;.
gaph;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha;> gPilfs; [k;G jhtuj;ij Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd Neha;fs;> gPilfs; ghjpg;gjpy;iy. rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ngy; G&l;
(Bell fruit) vDk; [k;G tif go <f;fspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;F rpghhpR nra;ag;gl;lthW g+r;rpg;nghwpfisg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;. nghJthf [k;G goq;fspd; mbg;ghfj;ij Nehf;fp vWk;Gfs; ftug;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
,jdhy; goj;jpy; %lg;gl;l ghfj;jpy; vWk;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. ,jdhy; ,tw;iw tpw;gid nra;tjpy; gpur;rpidfs;
Vw;glyhk;. [k;Gtpd; ,iyfspy; Psylid vDk; G+r;rpapd; jhf;fj;ijf; fhzyhk;. ,jdhy; gpdp [k;GNt
mjpfstpw; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; NghJ ,iyapd; kPJ nfhg;Gsq;fs; cUthtijAk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
20fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
mWtil tpij ehw;;Wf;fs; fha;g;gjw;F Rkhh; 3 tUlq;fs; nry;Yk;. Mdhy; xl;Lf; fd;Wfis
eLk; NghJ 1½ - 2 tUlq;fspy; gad; ngwyhk;. [k;G gOj;jTld; kuj;jpypUe;J tpOtJ
,ay;ghdjhFk;. ,jdhy; goq;fspd; nkd;ikahd ghfq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. vdNt ,tw;iw
ftdkhf mWtil nra;J re;ijf;F mDg;gp itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
gad;ghL [k;Git NeubahfNt cz;z KbAk;. goq;fspw;F ngWkhdk; Nrh;j;Jk; ,jid
cz;zyhk;. ,it Ritahf tpsq;FtNjhL> ghJfhj;J itg;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd.
,jd; rhw;wpd; Rit> nkhWnkhWg;;ghd fbgLk; jd;ik vd;gd gRk; gokhf gpugy;akiltjw;fhd
fhuzpfs; MFk;.
ntyp[k;Git cld; gokhf cz;gij tpl N[k;> n[yp> rPdp rpug; Mfpadthfg; ghJfhj;J>
Vida rpw;Wz;bfshf cz;z KbAk;. ntyp [k;Gitg; gad;gLj;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;
<w;WzTfspy; mjw;Nf chpa RitAk;> kzKk; mlq;fpAs;sik xU tpNrl mk;rkhFk;.
rpw;Wz;bfisj; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLk; RitA+l;bahd Nuh]; Nthl;liu (Rose water) cw;gj;jp
nra;aTk; gad;gLk;. ntyp [k;G jhtuj;jpd; mhpkuk; gykhdjhy; rq;fPj cgfuzq;fs;> eph;khzj;
JiwapYk;> ghJfhg;G ntypfs;> $iu> Gifapuj rpypg;gh; fl;ilfs;> rpiyfs;> jsghlq;fs;
jahhpf;fTk; gad;gLk;. [k;G ,iyfs; thridj; jputpak; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLk;. [k;Gg; gok;
%isapd; jpwDf;F cjTk; gy kUj;Jtf; Fzq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. [k;G G+f;fspy; mjpfsthd
Njd; fhzg;gLtjhy;> ,it NjdPf;fisf; ftUk;. vdNt jukhd NjidAk; cw;gj;jp nra;J
nfhs;s KbAk;.
[k;Gtpy; mjpfsthd kUj;Jtf; Fzq;fs; cs;sjhf jfty;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd.
%isapdJk;> <uypdJk; Kiwahd njhopw;ghl;bw;F Kf;fpakhd %ypiffs; ,jpy; mlq;fpAs;sd.
tapw;Nwhl;lk;> cly; twl;rp> fz; Neha; Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fzg;gLj;j [k;G tpij gad;gLfpd;wJ.
gy ehLfspy; [k;G tpijfSk;> Nth;fSk; gy Neha;fspw;fhd kUe;jhfg; gad;gLfpd;wJ. [k;G
G+f;fspd; epwk;> fth;r;rp Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; tPl;Lj; Njhl;l myq;fhuj;jpYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
fyhepjp.fy;ahzp nfl;lNgMur;rp
nghWg;ghd Muha;r;rp mYtyh;
goq;fs; Muha;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp epiyak;>
fd;ndhWit
21kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
vd; moifg; ghhPh;jhtuj;jpd; nghJg; ngah; - naNyh ruf;fh
jhtuf; FLk;gk; - ngNgrpNa (Fabaceae)
jhtutpaw; ngah; - Saraca thaipingensis
gutpAs;s ehLfs; - kpad;khh;>
jha;yhe;J> kNyrpah> ,e;NjhNdrpah
cfe;j fhyepiy - mad kz;ly
ehLfs;
jhtuj;jpd; jd;ik - 7 kPw;whpw;Fk;
mjpf cauk; tsuf;$ba kuk;
nghJthd jfty;fs; - #hpa xspia
mjpfkhf tpUk;Gk; cyh; fhyepiyiaj;
jhq;fp kpf tpiuthf tsUk; xU
jhtukhFk;. ePh; ed;F tbe;J nry;yf;
$ba> XusT mkpyj; jd;ikahd kz;zpy;
rpwg;ghf tsUk; jhtukhFk;. ,j;jhtuj;ij
tpijfs; my;yJ jz;Lj; Jz;lq;fs; %yk; ,jid
,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;ayhk;. ,sk; ,iyfs; ntsph; kQ;rs; epwj;jpy;
fPNo Nehf;fp nfhj;jhfj; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. fLk; kQ;rs; epwkhd G+e;Jzh;fs;
jz;Lfspy; my;yJ gpujhd fpisfspy; cUthFk;. ntg;gkhd fhyj;jpy; ,g; g+f;fs; kyuj;
njhlq;FtJld;> ,uT Neuq;fspy; ,g; g+f;fspd; kzk; mjpfkhftpUf;Fk;. g+f;fs; thLk; NghJ
rptg;ghf khWk;. nky;ypa jl;ilahd nghpa> ePz;l fha;fs; Kjph;r;rpailAk; NghJ Cjh
epwkhf khwp> ,uz;lhf ntbf;Fk;. ,jpy; fWg;G epwkhd tpijfs; fhzg;gLk;.
vd; moifg; ghhPh; tpNrl mq;fj;ij toq;;fpath; - fyhepjp.V.vk;.V.v];.mj;jehaf;f> (gpujpg; gzpg;ghsh;)
Rgh\pzp nrdtpuj;d (epfo;r;rp cjtpahsh;)> mur jhtutpaw; G+q;fh
22fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
goq;fs; md;whl
tho;f;iff;F mtrpakhd
Xh; czTg;nghUshFk;.
gpujhd czT Ntisf;Fg;
gpd; <w;Wzthf ,d;W
ngUk;ghyhNdhh; goq;fis
cz;gjpy; Mh;tk;
nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,jw;fhd
fhuzk; goq;fis cz;gjd;
%yk; gpujhd czT
Ntisf;F Nkyjp
fkhf clYf;Fj;
Njitahd gy Nghriz
fis toq;Ffpd;wjhFk;.
,yq;if xU
rpwpa jPthf ,Ug;gpDk;
,q;F Vuhskhd goq;fisf;
fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ.
,tw;wpy; tUlk; KOtJk;
fha;g;gNjhL> ,d;Dk;
rpy goq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lf;
fhyj;jpNyNa fha;f;fpd;wd.
NkYk; rpy gpuNjrq;fSf;F
khj;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l
go th;f;fq;fSk; cs;sd.
,jw;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzk;
xt;nthU gaph;fspw;Fk;
mtrpakhd fhyepiy
NtWgLtjhFk;.
ntg;gtya goq;fSk;
,t;thW tpNrlj;Jtkhd fhy
epiy mtrpakhd ,d;ndhU
go tiffshFk;. kiyehl;L
,il> <u tyaq;fspy;
ntg;gtya gog;gaph;fis
tpahghu Nehf;fpy;
nra;ifgz;ZtJ ,yhg
fukhdjhFk;. ,yq;ifapy;
nra;ifgz;zf; $ba ntg;g
tyag; gaph;fshf mg;gps;>
ngahh;];> ];Nuhnghp> gPr;>
nef;lhpd;> yPr;> g;yk;];
vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpl
KbAk;. ,tw;wpy; gPr;>
nef;lhpd;> yPr;> g;yk;];
Mfpa goq;fSf;F mjpf
Nfs;tp ,y;yhtpbDk;
mg;gps;> ];Nuhghp> ngahh;];
vd;gdtw;wpw;F mjpf
Nfs;tp cs;sJ. ,jdh-
NyNa 2012 Mk; tUlj;jpy;
21>061 nkw;wpf; njhd;
mg;gpSk;> 248 nkw;wpf;
njhd; ngahh;Rk; ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;ld. ,jw;nfd
KiwNa 1>843 kpy;ypad;
&ghAk; 12.3 kpy;ypad;
&ghAk; nrytplg;gl;lJ
(Agstst 2013). mjpf
fpuhf;fp epyTtjd; fhuz-
khfNt ,t;thW ngUk-
sthd nrytpy; ,g;goq;fs;
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
kiyehl;L ,il tyak;>
kiyehl;L <utyak;
Mfpa tptrhar; Rw;whly;
tyaq;fspy; ,tw;wpd;
gaph;r;nra;ifia
tp];jhpg;gjd; %yk;
nrytplg;gLk; ngUksthd
me;epa nryhtzpia
kPjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
mg;gps;>
ngahh;]; Mfpad g+f;Fk;
fhyg;gFjpapy; 200 - 300
kzpj;jpahyq;fspw;F 15
ghif nry;rpair tplf;
Fiwthd ntg;gepiy
epyTtJ mtrpakhFk;.
,g;gokuq;fspd; rpwe;j
tsh;r;rpf;F ruhrhp cah;
ntg;gepiy 25 ghif
nry;rpair tplf;
FiwthfTk;> ruhrhp ,opT
ntg;gepiyahf 15 ghif
nry;rparhfTk; ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ruhrhp rhhPug;gjd;
60 - 70 tPjk; tiu ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; goq;fs;
Njhd;Wtjw;fhd #oy;
epiyikfs; cUthFk;.
,t;thwhd #oy; kiyehl;L
,il> <u tyaq;fspy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wik
rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.
,g;goq;fs; mjpf
kUj;Jtf; Fzq;fisAk;;
kiyehl;L ,il> <u tyaq;fspy; ntg;g tya gog;
gaph;fisr; nra;ifgz;Ztjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs;
23kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
nfhz;lit vd;gJ
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mk;rkhFk;.
mjhtJ clypw;F cfe;j
ehh;> xl;rpNaw;w vjphpfs;>
fdpg;nghUs;> tpl;lkpd;fs;
mlq;fpAs;sik> jpde;NjhWk;
,tw;iw cz;gjd; %yk;
Gw;W Neha;> Fly; tPf;fk;>
vd;gtw;iw jLj;Jf; nfhs;s
KbtJld; FUjpapy;
mlq;fpAs;s nfhOg;ig
Fiwg;gJld; cly;
epiwia Fiwg;gjpYk;
gq;fspg;G nra;fpwJ.
,g;gpuNjrj;jpy;
nra;ifgz;z kpfTk;
cfe;j mg;gps; th;f;fk;
uhfiy rptg;G (nul;)
MFk;. Njhl;lq;fspy;
eLtjw;F xl;Lf; fd;Wfs;
cfe;jdthFk;. el;L ehd;F
tUlq;fspy;;
mWtil nra;aj; njhlq;f
KbAk;. Muk;gj;jpy; xU
mg;gps; kuj;jpypUe;J 20
- 30 goq;fisg; ngw
KbtJld; fhyg; Nghf;fpy;
40 - 45 goq;fis xU
kuj;jpypUe;J gwpf;f KbAk;.
ed;F gOj;jit rptg;G epwg;
gpd;dzpapy; nghd;dpwkhff;
fhzg;gLk;. ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gl;lg; goq;fSld;
xg;gpLk; NghJ mjpfsT
RitahdJ.
,t;tyaj;jpy;
ngahh;]; gaph;r;nra;ifia
mjpfstpy; tp];jhpf;f
KbAk;. rhpthd ,lq;fspy;
tp];jhpf;ff; $bajhapUj;jy;>
Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fspYk;
CL gapuhfr; nra;if
gz;zf; $bajhapUj;jy;>
gaph;r;nra;if epyq;fspy;
fhw;Wj; jilahfg;
gaphplf; $bajhapUj;jy;>
mJkhj;jpuky;yhJ>
gapu;r;nra;ifapd; Muk;g
fhyq;fspy; khj;jpuNk
ftdkhfg; guhkhpf;ff;
$bajhapUj;jy; Mfpa
fhuzpfspdhy; ,jid
tptrhapfspilNa kpf
,yFthf gpugy;ag;gLj;jf;
$bajhapUf;Fk;.
,g;gpuNjrq;fspy;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
u`q;fy njhpT ,wf;Fkjp
nra;ag;gLk; ngahh;]; cld;
xg;gpLk; NghJ kpfTk;
cah; jukhdNjhL> vkf;Nf
chpj;jhd RitiaAk; mJ
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
xl;L ngahh;];
ehw;wpypUe;J KjyhtJ
jlit mWtil nra;tjw;F
5 - 6 Mz;Lfs; tiu
nry;Yk;. mf;fhyg;
gFjpapy; ngahh;];
jhtuj;jpd; fl;likg;igr;
rpwg;ghf cUthf;fpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rhpahd
fl;likg;igf; nfhz;l
ngahh;]; jhtuj;jpd;
nghUshjhu tho;f;iff;
fhyk; 25 - 30 tUlq;fs;
tiuahFk;. 12 tUlq;fs;
tiu ed;F tsh;e;j
ngahh;]; kunkhd;wpypUe;J
nghJthf 500 - 600
goq;;fs; tiu mWtil
nra;a KbAk;. mWtil
nra;Ak; NghJ Nkw;Nwhypy;
gr;ir epwj;jpw;F Nky;
,sk; fgpy epwk;
tpUj;jpailtNjhL> mjd;
Nky; rhk;gy; epwk; fye;j
rpwpa Gs;spfisf; fhz
KbAk;. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy;
mWtil nra;jhy;
,g;goq;fis Fspuhd
epiyikapd; fPo; Rkhh;
1 - 2 khj fhyj;jpw;F
Nrkpj;J itf;f KbAk;.
];NuhghpAk;
cah; NghrizAk;>
kUj;Jtf; Fzq;fSk;
nfhz;lJ. ,e;ehl;bw;F
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gy;NtW ];Nuhghp
th;f;fq;fs; fhzg;gl;lhYk;
$l> ,t;tyaj;jpy;
ntz;byh; vd;Dk;
th;f;fj;jpw;Nf mjpf
24fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
xU n`f;lahpy; gaphpLtjw;fhd cw;gj;jpr; nryT
mg;gps; ngahh;]; ];Nuhgwpp
ehw;Wf;fspw;F (&gh) 126 000'00 99 000'00 3 320 000'00
Fopfisj; jahhpf;fTk;> ehw;W elTk; (&gh) 91 200'00 72 000'00 80 000'00
ePh;r; Rz;zhk;gpw;Fk;> rhzj;jpw;Fk; (&gh) 14 000'00 16 200'00 104 000'00
mbf;fl;Lg; gris (&gh) 4 710'00 3 650'00 8 400'00
nghUshjhu tho;f;iff; fhyj;jpy; gris ,l (&gh) 47 210'00 37 000'00 37 200'00
Neha;> gPilf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F (&gh) 10 000'00 10 000'00 5 000'00
kuj;ijf; fj;jhpf;fTk;> gapw;Wtpf;fTk; (&gh) 10 000'00 10 000'00 1 600'00
sthd tha;;g;Gfs; cs;sd.
,t;th;f;fj;ij gaphpLk; NghJ
xU n`f;lahpypUe;J 20 -
30 nkw;wpf; njhd; goq;fis
tpisr;ryhfg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. ehw;Wf;fis
el;L 4 khjq;fspd; gpd;dh;
mWtil nra;a KbAk;.
,jd; nghUshjhu tho;f;iff;
fhyk; 1 - 1½ khjq;fshFk;. ,t;ntg;g tya gog;gapiu
nra;if gz;z Vw;gLk;
nryTfs; ml;ltiz 1 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sd.
xU n`f;lahpy;
gaphpLtjw;F mtrpakhd
,ioa tsh;gG ehw;Wf;fis
nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F Rkhh;
Kg;gj;jp %d;W ,yl;rk;
&gh mtrpakhFk;. Mdhy;
,yq;ifapy; vtUk; xU
n`f;lahpy; ];Nuhghpiar;
nra;ifgz;Ztjpy;iy.
,jidg; gaphpl nghyj;jPd;
,y;yq;fspy; my;yJ
Fiwe;j tp];jPuzj;jpNyNa
gaphpLfpd;wdh;. mj;Jld;
,ioa tsh;g;G
ehw;Wf;fspy; cUthFk;
Xbfis eLtjw;Fj;
njhpT nra;ayhk;. ,jd;
%yk; ehw;Wf;fspw;fhd
nryitf;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT Fiwf;f
KbAk;.
ntg;g tya
goq;fis eLif
nra;tjw;fhd Muk;g
nryTld; xg;gpLk; NghJ>
gapiu Kiwah
fg; guhkhpj;jhy; kpfr;
rpwe;j tUkhdj;ij
,tw;wpypUe;J ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAk;. ,tw;iw
gRikahd goq;fshf
Efuf; $bajhapUg;gNjhL>
];Nuhghpiag; gad;gLj;jp
rl;dp> N[k; Nghd;w
ngWkhdk; Nrh;f;fg;gl;l
nghUl;fshf cw;gj;jp
nra;jhy; kpfg; ngUk;
,yhgj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;s KbAk;.
jw;NghJ
re;ijapy; ,g;goq;fis
nfhs;tdT nra;a
mjpfstpy; nry
tpLtNjhL> mWtil
nra;J gy khjq;fspd;
gpd;dNu mtw;iw Efuf;
$bajhfTk; cs;sJ.
,jdhy; mtw;wpd;
cz;ikahd Ritia
ehk; czu KbahJs;sJ.
Mdhy; vkJ ehl;bNyNa
,tw;iw cw;gj;jp nra;J
EfUk; NghJ me;epa
nryhtzpia kPjg;gLj;jf;
$bajhapUg;gNjhL>
Ritahd goq;fisAk;
ehk; Efuyhk;.
njhFj;J toq;fpath;
<.Nf.<.rP.ead
Muha;r;rp mytyh;
gpuhe;jpa tptrha Muha;r;rp epiyak;>
gz;lhutis
25kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
frl;il Fzq;fs; epuk;gpa
tUlk ;
xU Kiw
Vg;uy;> Nk
khjq;fspy; gutyhff;
fpilf;Fk;> Ritahf czT jahhpf;ff;
$banjhU fha; frl;il MFk;.
Careya arborea Roxb vd;gNj ,jd; jhtutpaw; ngauhFk;. ,J
Lecythidaceae FLk;gj;ij Nrh;e;j xU
jhtukhFk;. ,J ,yq;if> ,e;jpah>
kpad;khh;> kNyrpah> Mg;fhdp];jhd;
Nghd;w ehLfspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. rpq;fs
nkhopapy; ,J f`l;l vdTk; jkpopy;
frl;il vdTk; ,e;jpapy; Fk;gp vdTk;
Xf; kuj;ij xj;jpUg;gjhy; Mq;fpyj;jpy;
gj;jd Xf; vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
<utyag; gpuNjrq;fspy;
,j;jhtuk; ed;F tsh;r;rpailAk;.
fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 1500 kPw;wh;
cauk; tiuahd fz;b> khj;jis>
Nffhiy> khtdy;iy> njy;njzpa
Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fspy; gutyhff;
fhzg;gLk;.
10 - 20 kPw;wh; cauk; tiu
tsUk; ,iyAjph;f;Fk; xU jhtuk;
MFk;. tUlj;jpw;nfhU jlit gr;ir
epwkhd ,iy nghd;dpwkhf khwp
,iyAjph;g;gNjhL> tlfPo; gUtg;
ngah;r;rpf; fhw;W kioapd; NghJ
Gjpjhf Jsph; tpLk;. ,j;Jsph;fs; fgpy
epwkhdjhFk;. ,e;epwj;jpd; fhuzkhf tPl;Lj;
Njhl;lq;fspy; xU myq;fhuj; jhtukhfTk;
,J gad;;gLfpd;wJ.
khh;r;> Vg;uy; khjq;fspy; fpisf
spd; Edpapy; kyh;fs; cUthFk;. ehd;F
,jo;fisf; nfhz;l frl;ilg; G+tpy;
Gy;ypfSld; fha; ,ize;jpUf;Fk;. tise;j
,jo;fs; gr;ir epwkhdit MFk;. ,sQ;
rptg;G epwkhd kfue;j ,iofs; kyUk; NghJ
Nky;Nehf;fpf; fhzg;gLk;. kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if
mile;j gpd; kPjkhfp GijAk; ghfj;ijNa
ehk; czthf cl;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.
26fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
gad;fs;
,iyAjph; jhtukhifahy;
myq;fhuj; jhtukhf tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. frl;ilj; jhtuj;jpd;
jb ,sk; fgpy epwkhdjhFk;. frl;il kuk;
ePiu cwpQ;rhj gbahy; ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F
cf;fhJ epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. ,jdhy; rpypg;gh;
fl;ilfs;> fjT epiyfs;> jsghlg;
nghUl;fs; Mfpadtw;iwj; jahhpf;fg;
gad;gLk;. kuj;ij kpDkpDg;ghf;Fk; NghJ
myq;fhukhfj; Njhw;wkspf;Fk;. ,jd; G+f;fs;>
,sk; fha;fspypUe;J rikf;Fk; czT
kpfTk; RitahdjhFk;.
kUj;Jtf; Fzq;;fs;
kdpj clypy; MNuhf;fpa tho;tpw;F
mtrpakhd xl;rpNaw;wnajphpfs; (Antioxident)
gytw;iw ,j;jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs;> fha;> gl;il>
G+f;fs; vd;gd nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt jhtuj;jpd;
ghfq;fs; gy;NtW Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
MAh;Ntj itj;jpaj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,Uky;> jbkd;> GOf;fis mopf;f> fhaq;fs;>
nrq;fz;khhp Nghd;w gy Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;j
gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
tpl;lkpd; rp gw;wp ePq;fs; mwpe;jitAk;> mwpahjdTk; !!! tpl;lkpd; rp vd;gJ Gjpa goq;fspYk;> kuf;fwpfspYk;>
fPiufspYk; mjpfstpw; fhzg;gLk; ePhpw; fiuAk; xU tpl;lkpd;
MFk;. cztpw; fhzg;gLk; tpl;lkpd; rp czTf; fhy;thapdhy;
KOikahf cwpQ;rg;gLk;. tpl;lkpd; rp MdJ m];Nfhgpf; mkpyk;
vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;
Mf;fk;
czTg; nghUs; msT czTg; nghUs; msT
ney;yp 600 gr;ir kpsfha; 150
Ke;jphpifg; gok; 200Njhil Njhy;$
nykd; Njhy;150
fWg;G jpuhl;ir 200 - 250 Njhlk; gor;rhW 60
Ke;jphpif 180 gg;ghrp 30 - 120
nfha;ah 10 - 400 md;dhrp 30 - 60
gr;ir epwf; fPiu 50 - 220 kh 10 - 50
thio 10 - 30
Mh;.gp.v];.Nf.nf.uj;dkyy>
tptrhag; Nghjdhrphpia>
©q;fdpapaw; gaph;fs; Muha;r;rp>
mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;>
fd;ndhWit
tpl;lkpd; rp mlq;fpAs;s gpujhd czTg; nghUl;fs;
(100 fpuhkpy; mlq;fpAs;s msT kpy;yp fpuhk;fspy;)
27kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
mtiug; gaph;fspYk;>
jhdpaq;fspYk; mlq;fpAs;s tpl;lkpd;
rp ,d; msT FiwthdNjhL> mtw;iw
Kisf;f itj;J cz;Zk; NghJ
mjpYs;s tpl;lkpd; rp ,d; msit
mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
mNdfkhd goq;fspy; NjhypNy-
Na mjpfsthd tpl;lkpd; rp
mlq;fpAs;sjhy; nfha;ah Nghd;w
goq;fis cz;Zk; NghJ NjhYld;
cz;gNj rhyr; rpwe;jJ.
jhapd; cz;;Zk;
cztpNyNa jha;g; ghypYs;s tpl;lkpd;
rp ,d; msT jq;fpAs;sJ. vdNt
jha;g; ghiy nfhLf;Fk; jha;khh;fs;
Kiwahf tpl;lkpd; rp mlq;fpAs;s
czTfis cz;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;.
,yq;ifapYs;s ngUk;ghyhd
kuf;fwpfspYk;> goq;fspYk; tpl;lkpd;
rp mlq;fpAs;sjhy;>
Nehahspfisj; jtpu VidNahh;
gpuj;jpNafkhf kUe;Jfspd; %yk;
tpl;lkpd; rp I cs;nsLf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;iy.
tpl;lkpd; c apd; gad;fs;
nfhny[d; vd;Dk; ngaU
ila ehh; th;f;fk; cly; mq;fq;fs;>
ghfq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw tYTld;
guhkhpf;f mtrpakhFk;. ,e;j
nfhyn[d; ehh; Kjph;r;rpaila tpl;lkpd;
rp mtrpakhFk;. tpl;lkpd; rp FiwghL
Vw;gl;lhy; FUjpf; Foha;fspd; Rth;fs;
$l tYtypof;Fk;. ,jdhy; FUjpf;
Foha;fs; ntbj;J nkd;ikahd gFjpf-
spD}lhf FUjpf; frpT Vw;gLk;. ,J
curvy vdg;gLk;.
vkJ clypw;F vjph;g;Gr;
rf;jpia toq;Ftjw;F tpl;lkpd;
rp mtrpakhFk;. ,jdhy;
Neha;fspypUe;J ghJfhf;Fk;
ty;yik ,jw;F cz;L. mj;Jld;
ituir mopf;Fk; ty;yikAk;
nfhz;lJ. ,jdhy;jhd; jbkd;
Neha; Vw;gLk; NghJ tpl;lkpd; rp I mjpfstpy; toq;Fk; re;jh;g;gq;fSk;;
cs;sd.
tpl;lkpd; rp ,y; xl;rpNaw;w
kiltjw;fhd vjph;g;Gf; fhuzp
fisf; nfhz;Ls;sjhy; Gw;W
Neha; cUthFk; re;jh;g;gj;ijf;
Fiwf;Fk;.
,Uk;G mfj;JwpQ;riy
tpl;lkpd; rp mjpfhpf;Fk;. vdNt
ty;yhiu Nghd;w ,Uk;G mjpfk;
fhzg;gLk; fPiufis rikf;Fk;
NghJ tpl;lkpd; rp mlq;fpAs;s
vYkpr;ir rhw;iw Nrh;j;jhy; ,Uk;G
mfj;JwpQ;ry; mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.
,Uk;G Fiwg;ghl;il epth;j;jp
nra;a ,jid gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.
rikf;Fk; NghJ cztpy;
mlq;fpAs;s tpl;lkpd; rp mjpf
stpy; moptilAk;. ,jid
FLk;gj; jiytpfs; mwpe;jpUj;jy;
kpf mtrpakhFk;. mjpf Neuk;
czitr; #lhf;Fk;
NghJk; tpl;lkpd; rp mjpfstpy;
moptilAk;. cjhuzkhf
rikg;gjw;F Kd; 200 fpuhk;
Nfhthtpy; 70 kpy;yp fpuhk;
tpl;lkpd; rp fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; 10
28fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
epkplq;fs; #lhf;fpa gpd; ,e;j msT
50 kpy;yp
fpuhkhff; FiwAk;. 15 epkplk;
#lhf;fpa gpd; ,JNt 30 kpy;yp
fpukkhff; FiwAk;.
gr;irahf cz;zf;$ba
czTfis gr;irahf cz;gjd; %yk;
,e;j ghjpg;igf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s
KbAk;.
ghiy fpUkpaopf;Fk;
NghJk;> ghy; khitj; jahhpf;Fk;
NghJk; tpw;wkpd; rp mjpfs
tpy;; mopAk;. tpl;lkpd; rp
ePhpw; fiuAk;. ePiur; Nrh;j;J rikf;Fk;
NghJ mjpy; mjpfsT nrhjp Ald;;
fiue;J tpLk;;. nry;Yk;. vdNt
czit cl;nfhs;Sk; NghJ nrhjpia
Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.
czit gpj;jis kw;Wk; ,Uk;G
ghj;jpuq;fspy; rikf;Fk; NghJ tpw;wkpd;
rp mjpfsT moptilAk;;. vdNt
kz; my;yJ mYkpdpag; ghj;jpuj;ij
cgNahfpf;Fk; NghJ ,g;gpur;rpid
Vw;glhJ.
N[k; jahhpf;Fk; NghJ rPdp
iar; Nrh;g;gjdhYk;> Fsp&l;LtjdhYk;
tpl;lkpd; rp mjpfsT moptilahJ.
vdpDk; #hpa xspapy; mlq;fpAs;s
Cjhf;; fle;j fjph;fs; (uv) glf; $bathW itf;Fk; NghJ tpw;wkpd; rp moptilayhk;. vdNt ,tw;iw fWg;G
epwkhd Nghj;jy;fspy; my;yJ ,Ushd
,lj;jpy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jp itg;gJ
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
fPiufis mhpe;J
miw ntg;gepiyapy; 4 - 12
kzpj;jpahyq;fspw;F itf;Fk;
NghJ 30 - 80% tpw;wkpd; rp moptilAk;. goq;fisAk;>
kuf;fwpfisAk; ePz;l fhyk;
Nrkpj;J itj;jy;> miuj;J
cz;zy;> rikj;J ePz;l
Neuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dh; cz;zy;
vd;gdTk; tpl;lkpd; rp Fiwa
fhuzq;fshf mikAk;.
goq;fis cz;z Kd;
mtw;iw ntl;b itf;Fk; NghJ
mtw;wpd; kPJ fhw;W
gLtjdhYk;> gof;fyitiaj;
jahhpj;J fhw;W gLkhW itf;Fk;
NghJk; tspapy; fhzg;gLk; xl;rprd;
%yKk;> cztpy; fhzg;gLk;
m];NfhNg]; nehjpak; %yKk;
tpw;wkpd; rp mjpfstpy; Fiw
tilAk;. vdNt gof;fyitiaj;
jahhpj;J 12 kzpj;jpahyq;fspw;Fs;
cl;nfhs;sy;> tspapy; jpwe;J
itg;gijj; jtph;j;jy; my;yJ
Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapy; itg;gJ
Kf;fpakhFk;. mr;rhW my;yJ
cg;gply; %yk; cztpy;
mlq;fpAs;s tpl;lkpd; rp KO
ikahf moptilAk;. kuf;fwp>
fPiu tiffis ntl;ba gpd;dh;
fOTtjhYk; tpw;wkpd; rp mopAk;.
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mk;rq;;fisf;
fUj;jpw; nfhz;L czTfisj;
juk; Fiwahky; czthfj;
jahhpj;J cl;nfhs;sy; rpwg;ghFk;.
B.gP.gP.mUz arghypj;j>
tptrhag; Nghjdhrphpah;>
Nrthfk>
nghyd;dWit
29kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
myq;fhu ,iyj; jhtuq;fis nra;ifgz;Ztjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; fle;j ,jopd; njhlh;r;rp...
nrd;wpahdhit nra;ifgz;z
ghj;jpfis Maj;jk; nra;jy;
epoy; tiyfspdhy; kiwg;gplg;gl;l
epyj;ij NkYk; kl;lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
kl;lg;gLj;jpa gpd;dh; ghj;jpfisj; jahhpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ghj;jpfspd; mfyk; 1.5 kPw;wh;
MfTk;> ePsj;ijg; guhkhpf;f ,yFthfTk;>
tiy ,y;yj;jpd; mstpw;fikaTk;
jPh;khdpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,U
ghj;jpfSf;F ,ilNa 50 r.kP msTs;s
fhd;fspdhy; ghj;jpfis Ntwhf;ff;
$bathW $dpabj;Jf; fapw;iwf; fl;b
ghj;jpfis milahskply; Ntz;Lk;. tiy
,y;yj;jpy; elg;gl;bUf;Fk; J}z; ghj;jpapd;
eLtpy; mikahjgb ghj;jpfs;; jahhpf;fg;gLk;.
mjd; gpd; 50 r.kP mfyj;jpw;F fhid
ntl;b> mk; kz;iz ghj;jpapd; Nky; ,l;L
4 mq;Fyk; caukhd ghj;jpfis Maj;jk;
nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW
jahhpf;fg;gl;l ghj;jpapYs;s nghpa fw;;fs;>
Nth; vd;gdtw;iw Fg;igthwp %yk; mfw;wp
rkg;gLj;jTk;. rkg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghj;jpapd; kPJ
Jk;Gj;J}isAk;> kuj;J}isAk; xd;whff;
fye;j fyitia 2 mq;Fy cauj;jpw;F
xU gilahf ,lTk;. ,f;fyitia ghj;jpapd;
Nky; Ez;zpajhfg; gutp tplTk;.
,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; ePh;g;ghrdk;
nra;tjw;F trjpahf Foha;fisAk;
nghUj;jpf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;. ,tw;iw
cq;fs; Njitf;fika jpl;lkpl;L ];jhgpj;Jf;
nfhs;s KbAk;.
,t;thW fhd;fs;; mikj;J
ghj;jpfis Maj;jk; nra;tjw;Fg; gjpyhf
NtW xU KiwAk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. 2
x 4 x 10 mq;Fy msTfspy; jahhpf;fg;gl;l
nfhq;wPl; (rPnke;Jf;) fw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp
1.5 kPw;wh; mfykhd ghj;jpfs; 50 r.kP
,ilntspapy; jahhpf;fg;gLk;. ,g;ghj;jpfspw;F
Nrjdg; gris ($l;nlU)> kz;> kzy;> Jk;Gj;
J}s; (njd;dQ; NrhW) Mfpatw;iwr; Nrh;j;J
ngwg;gl;lf; fyitia ,l;L ghj;jpfs; kl;lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,jidj; jtpu Xl;Lj; Jz;Lfs; Nghd;w nghUj;jkhd
nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jpAk; ghj;jpfisj; jahhpj;Jf;
nfhs;s KbAk;.
nrd;wpahdh ehw;Wf;fis ely;
jahhpf;fg;gl;lg; ghj;jpfspy; gy Kiwfspy;
ehw;Wf;fis eLif nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. gioa
gaph;r;nra;ifapypUe;;J ntl;lg;gl;l ehw;Wf;fis
Neubahfg; ghj;jpfspy; eLif nra;J nfhs;s
KbAk;. ,jd; NghJ jha;j;jhtuj;jpypUe;J ntl;lg;gl;l
Neha;g;gPilj; jhf;fkw;w tPhpakhd ,uz;L ntl;Lj;
Jz;lq;fs; ,iyfSld; xU eLiff; Fopapy; xd;whf
elg;gLk;.
eLiff;fhf njhpT nra;ag;gLk;
ntl;Lj;Jz;lq;fs; 10 r.kP - 20 r.kP msTs;sjhapd;
kpfTk; rpwe;jJ. ,t;ntl;Lj;Jz;lq;fspy; Nth;tpLjiy
tpiuTgLj;Jk; Kfkhf Nth; tpLjiyj; J}z;Lk;
XNkhd;fis ntl;L Kidfspy; G+rp tply;
Ntz;Lk;. ,y;yhtpby; jha;j;jhtuj;ij fj;jhpf;Fk;
NghJ ngwg;gLk; ntl;Lj;Jz;lq;fspypUe;J ,iyfs;
mfw;wpa gpd; 10 r.kP caukhd Jz;lq;fshf
ntl;lTk;. ntl;LKidia rPnke;Jg; gilapdhy;
my;yJ nkOfpdhy; rPy; nra;J kzy; ehw;W
Nkilapy; el;l gpd; Nth; tpl;l fd;Wfis eLtjw;Fg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,dg;ngUf;fpapDs;
(Gnuhg;gNfl;lh;) ntl;Lj; Jz;lq;fis el;L>
Jz;lq;fspy; Nth; tplr; nra;J> mtw;iwAk;
eLtjw;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
ehw;W eLk; NghJ 1.5 kPw;wh; mfykhd
ghj;jpapy; mfykhd gf;fj;jpy; 7 ehw;Wf;fs;
,Uf;fj;jf;fthW thpirfspw;fpilapy; 20 r.kP ,ilnt-
30fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;
ifg;gpb
$uhf;fg;gl;l kuj; Jz;L 20 cm 15 cm
ehw;Wf;fis eLtjw;fhd cgfuzk;
rpwg;ghf tsh;r;rpaile;j nrd;wpahdh jhtuk;
spapy; elTk;. ghj;jpapd;; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; 15
r.kP ,ilntsp tply; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ehw;W
el 1.5 kPw;wh; ePskhd hPg;ig xd;wpy; ,UG-
wKk; 15 nr.kP ,ilntspia tpl;L 20 r.kP
,ilntspapy; VO $uhd gyifj; Jz;Lfis
Xh; Mzpapd; cjtpAld; nghUj;jp ,e;j vspa
cgfuzj;ijj; (glj;ijg; ghh;f;fTk;) jahhpj;J>
mjid ehw;Wf;fis tphpirfspy; eLtjw;F
milahskpl;Lf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,t;thW ehw;W
elg;gl;l ghj;jpapy; xU th;f;f kPw;wh; gug;gstpy;
25 ehw;Wf;fs; tiu fhzg;gLk;.
ePh;g;ghrdk;
,g;gaph;r;nra;iff;F rpwg;ghd
ePh;g;ghrdk; mtrpakhFk;. ePh;g; gw;whf;Fiw
Vw;gLk; NghJ ,iyfspd; Edp fUFk;.
,J Tip burn vd miof;fg;gLk;. ,t;thW
ghjpg;gile;j fd;Wfs; Vw;Wkjp nra;a
cfe;jit my;y. kio Fiwthd fhyj;jpy;
xU ehs; tpl;L xU ehs; ePh;g;ghrdk; nra;jy;
mtrpak;. ,wg;gh; Foha;fspy; nghUj;jg;gl;l
g+g;Nghy ePiu tprpWk; ghfj;jpd; Clhf
eP&w;wTk;. ,y;yhtpby; J}ty;; ghrdj;ijAk;
Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
cyh; fhyq;fspy; ePiug; gpbj;J
itf;f Jk;Gj;J}s; my;yJ kuj;J}s;
fyitahdJ ghj;jpapd; Nky; gj;jpuf;
fyitahf ,lg;gLfpd;wJ. 2 - 3 mq;Fy
cauj;jpw;F gj;jpuf;fyitia ,Ltjd;
%yk; ePiuAk;> NghrizfisAk; mjpf
fhyj;jpw;F mfj;JwpQ;r KbAk;. gaphpd;
tsh;;r;rpapy; ePhpd; juk; mjpf nry;thf;Fr;
nrYj;Jk;. ngu]; mad;fspd; (Fe+) nrwpT
$Ltjhy; nrd;wpahdh Nfhy;l; ,iyapd;
Nkw;Gwj;jpy; gr;irakw;w xsp Gf tpLk;
,lq;fisf; fhz KbAk;.
nrd;wpahdhtpw;fhd Nghrizj; Njit
jhtuf; fyq;fs; cUthfy;;>
,ioaq;fs; cUthfy; Nghd;w gy;NtW
njhopw;ghLfspw;F Nghriz
mtrpakhFk;. jhtu tsh;r;rpf;F gy
Nghrizfs; mtrpakhFk;. NtW
jhtuq;fisg; NghyNt ,tw;wpw;Fk; vy;yh
NghrizfisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
gP.[P.Mh;.Nf.tpf;ukNrf;fu
Muha;r;rp cjtpahsh;
mLj;j ,jopYk; njhlUk;. . .
31kyh; 53 - ,jo; 2
p