20140904115344 m.sc Environment Science

0

PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA) (Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India)

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

SYLLABI

FOR

M.Sc. ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE

(SEMESTER SYSTEM)

EXAMINATIONS 2014-15

--:O:--

1

Outlines of tests, syllabi and courses of reading for M.Sc.(Environment Science)Semester

System for the Session2014-2015

Semester-1

Paper-I ENV-6101 Geo-Environment and Meteorological

Science

100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-II ENV-6102 Ecological Principles 100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-III ENV-6103 Environmental Chemistry &Toxicology 100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-IV ENV-6104 Solid Waste Management and Techniques 100+25

(Th+Pr)

Semester-2

Paper-I ENV-6201 Biodiversity and Conservation 100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-II ENV-6202 Environmental Analysis: Techniques and

Instrumentation

100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-III ENV-6203 Environmental Technology 100+25

(Th+Pr)

Paper-IV ENV-6204 Environmental Impact Assessment and

Auditing

100+25

(Th+Pr)

Semester -3

Paper-I ENV-6301 Environmental Pollution 100+25

(T+Pr)

Paper-II ENV-6302 Regional and Global Environmental Issues 100+25

(T+Pr)

Paper-III ENV-6303 Environment and Energy Management 100+25

(T+Pr)

Paper-IV ENV-6304 Industrial and Biomedical Waste

Management

100+25

(T+Pr)

Semester -4

Paper-I ENV-6401 Statistical Applications and Research

Methodology

100+25

(T+Pr)

Paper-II ENV-6402 Environmental Biotechnology 100+25

(T+Pr)

Paper-III ENV-6403 Training of at least 4 weeks, project report,

presentation, and viva Voce

125

Paper-IV ENV-6404 Seminars; and field activity 125

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Each semester shall comprise of 4 Papers, each of 125 marks and a total of

500 marks per semester.

Except for the Paper IV in Semester IV, each paper shall consist of 100 marks

for theory (including 20 of the continuous internal assessment based on tests) and

25 for the Practical.

There shall be no internal assessment for the Paper IV in Semester IV.

For Paper IV in Semester IV, every student shall be required to do a

project training of at least one-month and submit a project report based

upon their training/research undertaken during the course of study. There

shall be a presentation based upon the project submitted by the student.

Instructions for Final Theory Paper Setters:

The question paper shall comprise of a total of nine questions containing two questions

from each unit and one compulsory question from whole of the syllabus. Candidates will

attempt five questions, including one from each section and the compulsory question. Each

question will carry equal marks. The duration of theory paper will be 3 hours.

Instructions / Rules for Continuous Internal Assessment:

There shall two tests each of 20 marks based upon the definitions/ short answer

questions/multiple choice questions, to be conducted during the course of each paper. The

marks obtained by the student in two tests shall be rationalized out of 20 and counted as

Internal Assessment.

To qualify for the degree, a student has to score a total of 50 percent marks in each

semester with a minimum of 40 percent in each paper, including marks of internal

assessment.

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SEMESTER I

Paper-I: Geo-Environment and Meteorological Science

Objective: To acquaint the students with the fundamental concepts of geo-science in

relation to environmental aspects.

UNIT-I

Environmental Geo-science: Fundamental concepts, Primary differentiation and

formation of core, mantle, crust, atmosphere and hydrosphere; magma generation and

formation of rocks: plate tectonics– sea floor spreading, mountain building and evolution

of continents.

Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and reserves. abundance of elements

and mineral resources; classifications; plate tectonics and mineral resources; resources,

population and development; Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources.

Environmental impact of exploration, processing and smelting of minerals.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Atmosphere: Different layers, their characteristics and temperature relationships;

Atmospheric stability, Inversions and mixing heights, windroses.

Meteorology: Weather and Climate, Atmospheric general circulation, Air mass and

weather fronts, Weather elements, Precipitation and types of storms, Indian monsoon, El

Nino effect, and western disturbances Weather forecasting, Methods of weather

forecasting on short-and long range, World Meteorological Organization (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Water resources and Environment: Global water balance. Hydrological cycle. Factors

influencing the surface water, Types of water; Human use of surface and ground waters;

Global Water crisis, Rain water harvesting, Ground water recharge.

Ecological and Environmental impacts of dams, with particular reference to Narmada

Dam and Tehri Dam.

Land-use Planning: The land-use plan. Soil surveys in relation to land-use planning.

Methods of site selection and evaluation. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Principles of remote sensing and its application in Environmental Science, Application

of GIS in Environmental Management.

Environmental Geochemistry: The periodic table and geochemical classification of

elements; abundance of elements in the bulk earth, crust, hydrosphere, atmosphere and

biosphere. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace elements

and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements. Diseases induced by

human use of land.

(12 lectures)

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Practical

1. Studying the internal structure of earth

2. Studying the hand specimens of rock samples.

3. Diagrammatic representation of different layers of atmosphere, their

characteristics and temperature relationships; 4. Wind Roses: their preparation and interpretation.

5. Reading of topo maps and Geological maps.

6. Interpretation of Remotely sensed data.

7. Map work related to meteorology.

8. Assignments/project as assigned by the teacher.

Suggested Readings

1. Barrett, E.C. and Curtis, D.E. Introduction to Environmental Remote Sensing.

Springer,USA1992

2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A..Environmental Science: Earth as a Living

Planet. 6th

ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.

3. Bouwer, H. Groundwater Hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 1978.

4. Butz, S.D.. Science of Earth Systems. 2nd

ed. Thomson Delmar Learning, USA 2004.

5. DeMers, M.N. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. 3rd

ed. Wiley &

Sons, USA. 2002.

6. Eby, N.. Principles of Environmental Geochemistry. Brooks Cole, USA. 2003.

7. Faure, G.. Inorganic Geochemistry. Prentice Hall. 1991.

8. Fetter, C.W.. Applied Hydrogeology. 4th

ed. Prentice Hall of India. 2001.

9. Joseph, G. Fundamentals of Remote Sensing. Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd. 2007.

10. Keller, E.A.. Introduction to Environmental Geology. 4th

ed. Prentice Hall of India

2007.

11. Keller, E.A.. Environmental Geology. 8th

ed. Prentice Hall of India 1999.

12. Krauskopf, K.B.. Introduction to Geochemistry. McGraw Hill. 1994.

13. Mason, B.. Principles of Geochemistry, Wiley Eastern, USA1982.

14. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M.. Environment. 6th

ed.

John Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.

15. Schwartz, F.W. and H. Zhang. Fundamentals of Ground Water. John Wiley & Sons,

USA. 2003.

16. Todd, D.K. Groundwater Hydrology. 2nd

ed., Wiley, New York. 1980.

Paper -II: Ecological Principles

Objective: To acquaint the students with the concept of ecology so that they get well

versed with different ecosystems and try to relate them in their day to day life.

UNIT-I

Ecology: A brief history; Concept, and major branches.

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Population Ecology: Characteristics of population; Dynamics and Interactions; Regulation;

Life history strategies; Population genetics; Metapopulations- demes and dispersal,

interdemic extinction, age- structured Population. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Terrestrial ecosystems: Major terrestrial biomes - Forest, Desert, and Grassland (a brief

account); Relationship between Precipitation and temperature in determining the

vegetation; Forest Types of India (a concise account)

Aquatic Ecosystem: Fresh water and Marine system, their types, characteristics and

components; Wetlands and, their significance. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Community Ecology: Concept, Characteristics and dynamics; Interactions; (positive and

negative); Development of community (Plant Succession); Parasitism; Prey-Predator

relationship; Metacommunities; Fugitive species; Theory of Island biogeography.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Biological Invasion: Concept; Pathways of Invasion; Process of Invasion; Mechanism of

Invasions; Impact of Invasive Species - Ecological, Environmental, Economical; Some

examples of major invasive plants and animals in India.

Speciation: Concepts and types.

Extinction: A brief history and reasons.

(12 lectures)

Practical

1. To determine minimum number and size of quadrat for studying vegetation in a

grassland.

2. To calculate density, frequency, abundance and dominance of plant species in

grassland using quadrat method.

3. To calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) of species.

4. To find out association between two species using Chi-square method.

5. To calculate similarity index between two adjoining communities.

6. To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of pond and forest

ecosystem.

7. To study ecology of some major exotic invasive weeds.

Suggested Readings

1. Begon, M., Townsend, C. R., and Harper, J. L., Ecology from Individuals to

Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 2005.

2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living

Planet. 6th


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3. Chapman, J. L. and Reiss, M. J. Ecology: Principles and Applications. Cambridge

University Press, UK. 1998.

4. Cotgreave, Peter and Forseth, Irwin. Introductory Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

2002.

5. Cunningham, W. P. and Cunningham, M. A. Principles of Environment Science.

Enquiry and Applications. 2nd

ed. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 2004.

6. Kohli, R. K., Jose, S., Singh, H. P. and Batish, D. R.. Invasive Plants and Forest

Ecosystems. CRC Press / Taylor and Francis. 2009.

7. Leveque, C. Ecology: From Ecosystem to Biosphere. Science Publishers, USA. 2003.

8. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders, USA. Indian Reprint 1996 by

Natraj Publishers, Dehradun. 1991.

9. Odum, E.P. Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society. Sinauer Associates,

Inc., USA. 1997.

10. Ramakrishnan, P. S. Ecology and Sustainable Development. National Book Trust of

India, Delhi, India. 2001.

11. Raven, Peter H., Berg, Linda R. and Hassenzahl, David M. Environment. 6th

ed. John

Wiley & Sons., USA. 2008.

12. Silver town J. W. and Charles worth, D. Introduction to Plant Population Biology. 4th

ed. Wiley-Blackwell. 2001.

13. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource

Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.

14. Townsend, C. R., Begon, M., and Harper, J. L. Essentials of Ecology. Wiley-Blackwell,

USA. 2008.

Paper -III: Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology

Objective: To acquaint the students with the dynamics and principle of environmental

chemistry and their toxicological effects on environment.

UNIT- I

Fundamental of Environmental Chemistry: Henry’ Law, Photochemistry,

Electrochemistry, Elements and organics in nature, Petroleum and its products, Gibbs’

energy; chemical potential; chemical equilibria,

Chemistry of Earth: Mineral and Organic components of soil; Reactions in soil solution;

Ion exchange (Physiosorption); Ligand exchange (Chemisorption); Complexations,

Chelation; Precipitation / dissolution. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Chemical composition of Air: Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles,

ions, and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and

organic particulate matter. Sources of trace gases in the atmosphere; Thermo-chemical and

photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Tropospheric oxidation chemistry; Oxygen and

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ozone chemistry. Chemistry of air pollutants. Role of hydrocarbons; Sulphur chemistry;

Halogen Chemistry in the atmosphere

Green Chemistry: Concept and a Brief account (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Water Chemistry: Chemistry of water, dissolution/precipitation reactions; complexation

reactions; concept of DO, BOD, COD; concept of salinity; composition of seawater and

physic-chemical speciation in oceans; Suspended particles; concept of sedimentation,

coagulation, filtration,

Environmental Toxicology: Emergence as a science; concepts and definitions; Factors

affecting toxicity;

Evaluation of Toxicity: Evaluation of LC50, LD50, (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Toxic Chemical in the Environment: Metals and other inorganic contaminants; Organic

contaminants; Fate of organic contaminants; Pesticides; Biochemical aspects of Arsenic,

cadmium, lead, mercury, carbon monoxide, ozone and PAN Pesticides; Insecticides, MIC,

carcinogens in the air. Photochemistry of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFR)

(12 lectures)

Practical

Based upon the theory classes.

Suggested Readings

1. Banerji, S. K. Environmental Chemistry. 2nd

ed. Prentice-Hall, New Delhi, India. 1999.

2. De, A. K. Environmental Chemistry. 4th

ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., New

Delhi, India. 2000.

3. Harrison, R. M. and de Mora, S. J. Introductory Chemistry for the Environment

Science. 2nd

ed. Cambridge University Press, New Delhi. 1996.

4. Hobbes, P.B. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry. Cambridge University Press,

UK. 2000.

5. Kothandaaman, H. and Swaminathan, G. Principles of Environmental Chemistry. B.I.

Publications, Chennai, India. 1997.

6. Mahan, B. M. and Myers, R. J. University Chemistry. 4th

ed. International Students

Edition. Benjamin / Cummings Publishing Co., USA. 1987.

7. Manahan, S. E. Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. 2nd

ed. CRC Press, Inc.,

USA. 2001.

8. Plunkett, E. R. Industrial Toxicology. 3rd

ed. Edward Arnold (Australia) Pty. Ltd.,

Australia. 1987.

9. Richards, I. S.Principles and Practice of Toxicology in Public Health. Jones and

Bartlett Publishers, London. 2008.

10. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. John Wiley and

Sons, Inc., USA. 2006.

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Paper-IV: Solid Waste Management and Techniques

Objective: To acquaint the students with the common municipal solid wastes, their

characteristic and the chaos caused by these wastes in the environment and to study the

latest technologies to dispose of such wastes.

UNIT- I

Waste generation, Need and requirements for management and planning Solid waste-

types, generation trends, quality and quantity aspects.

Types of solid waste – Municipal waste, urban -, rural - and industrial wastes.

Integrated Solid Waste Management; Solid waste characterization: ultimate and proximate

analysis; Waste reduction at source, volume reduction.

Collection techniques. Transport of solid waste and its optimization, transfer stations.

(12 lectures)

UNIT- II

Hierarchy in waste management

Materials recovery/recycling; - Recycling of Aluminum, glass, plastic and, paper

Treatment and disposal techniques - Burning, Open dumping,

Landfill: landfilling methods and operation

Landfill liners: clay, Geo-membrane, HDPE, Geonet, Geotextile

Protection at disposal sites, Landfill closure methods and operations

(12 lectures)

UNIT- III

Composting, Vermi-composting, Incineration

Energy from Waste: Pyrolysis, Gasification, Refuse derived fuels, Biogas

Merits and demerits of waste disposal methods

Role of GIS in Waste Managemnt (12 lectures)

UNIT- IV

Municipal Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, 2013.

Impacts of landfill on environment

Landfill emissions : Leachate and Landfill gas

Leachate collection & analysis

Landfill gas management

(12 lectures)

Practical

1. A visit to Composting/Vermicomposting Unit/ RDF plant/Sanitary landfill.

2. Ultimate analysis of Solid waste

3. Recycling of paper

4. To prepare a list of materials from municipal waste stream that can be reused /recycled

5. Practice exercises on computer related to handling of data

6. To determine moisture content of sample

7. To determine the pH of the given sample.

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Suggested Readings

1. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd

ed.

Prentice Hall of India. 2000.

2. Kreith, F. Handbook of Solid Waste Management. McGraw Hill Publishers, USA.

1999.

3. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol Pub.

Co., New Delhi. 2006.

4. Noble, G. Sanitary Landfill Design Handbook. Technomic Westport Connecticut,

USA. 1976.

5. Peavey, H. S, Rowe, D. R and Tchobanoglous, G. Environmental Engineering.

International Ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA. 1985.

6. Shah, K. L. Basics of Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Technology. McGraw

Hill, USA. 1999.

7. Tchobanogloas, G. Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering, Principle and

Management. McGraw Hill, USA. 1993.

8. Vesilind, P. A., Worrell, W. and Reinhart, D. Solid Waste Engineering. Brooks/Cole

Thomson Learning Inc., USA. 2002.

9. White, P, Frank, M. and Hindle, P. Integrated Solid Waste Management- A Life Cycle

Inventory. Chapman &Hall, USA. 1999.

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SEMESTER II

Paper-I: B i od i v e r s i t y a n d Conservation Objective: To acquaint the students with the basic and applied aspects of

protecting biodiversity and conservation of natural resources, while providing for

human needs UNIT-I

Conservation biology-What?

Concept of Biodiversity/Biological diversity; Where Is the World’s Biological Diversity

Found; levels of diversity; alpha, beta and gamma diversity, and their measurement;

Valuing Biodiversity: Ecological Economics and Direct Use Values; Indirect Use Value;

Ethical Values

Biodiversity Hotspots –concept and a brief account; Biodiversity hotspots of India: a

short account. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Threats to Biological Diversity: Extinction; Vulnerability to Extinction; Habitat

Destruction, Fragmentation, Degradation, and Global Climate Change; Overexploitation,

Invasive Species, and Disease

Endangered and threatened species: IUCN Categories of Extinction; E ndangered

and threatened animals and plants (of India);

Biodiversity conservation: Ex situ and In situ conservation Strategies

Concept of Protected Areas: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves; Managing Protected Areas; Conservation Outside Protected Areas;

Restoration Ecology (A brief account) (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Conservation: Concept, objectives and aims; Renewable and non-renewable resources;

Policies and strategies of Conservation

Conservation of Mineral Resources: Demographic quotient, depletion curves.

Conservation of Forests: Plantation programmes in India; Joint Forest Management,

Forest Conservation Act.

Conservation of Soil: Reasons of soil degradation, Role of soil micro-organisms;

Reclamation of Alkaline and Salines oil. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Conservation of Agriculture: Conservation of arable land, Conservation of crop

genome, Environmental hazards of pesticides – their impact on life and life support

system; Role of botanicals and natural plant products in crop protection; Integrated

approach of pest and weed management,

Conservation of Aquatic System: Need and strategies: Conservation of Wetlands.

Conservation of Deserts: Strategies for conservation of wastelands and desert.

Wildlife Conservation: Concept of wildlife, Preservation of Breeding Stock; Artificial

stocking; Wildlife Protection Act. (12 lectures)

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Practical

1. To calculate index of diversity, richness, evenness and dominance of species.

2 . Assignment on biodiversi ty ( to be ass igned by the inst ructor)

3 . To undertake a field visit to understand the concept and consequences of oil

degradation

4. To study different types of plantation systems.

5. To prepare a list of wild and cultivated varieties of cereal crops commonly used in

adjoining areas of Chandigarh.

6. To prepare a list of plants which are the sources of botanicals?

7. To make a list of various botanical pesticides available in the market

Suggested Readings

1. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet 6

th ed. John Wiley & Sons,USA.2007.

2. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships. 11th ed.McGrawHillInc.,USA.2006.

3. Frankel, O.H., Brown A.H.D. and Burdon, J.J. Conservation of Plant Biodiversity. Cambridg eversityPress,UK.1995.

4. Gaston, K.J.and Spicer ,J.I. Biodiversity: An Introduction. Blackwell, UK.1998. 5. Gadgil, Madhav and Rao, P.R.S. Nurturing Biodiversity: An Indian

Agenda. Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad,India.1999. 6. Hunter, Malcolm L.,Jr.,andGibbs, James P.Fundamentals of Conservation

Biology. 3rd ed .Wiley- Blackwell. 2006. 7. Jeffries,M.Biodiversity and Conservation. 2nded. Routledge, UK.1997. 8. Perrings, Charles, Maler, Karl-Goran, Folke, Carl, Holling, C.S.and Jansson,

Bengt-Owe. Biodiversity Loss: Economic and Ecological Issues. Cambridge University Press, UK.1997.

9. Riordan, Tim O' and Stoll-Kleemann, Susanne. Biodiversity, Sustainability and Human Communities: Protecting Beyond the Protected. CambridgeUniversityPress,UK.2002.

10. Van Andel,J. and Aronson, J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell, UK.2005

11. Odum,E.P.FundamentalsofEcology.W.B.Saunders,USA.1991. 12. Primack, R. B Essentials of Conservation Biology. 5

thed. Sinaeur Associates,

Inc., USA.2010. 13. Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R. and Kohli, R.K. Handbook of Sustainable Weed

Management. Haworthess,Inc.,USA.2006. 14. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and source

Conservation. AnamayaPublishers,NewDelhi,India.2006. 16. Townsend, Colin R. Ecological Applications: Toward a Sustainable World.

Wiley- Blackwell.2007.

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Paper-II: Environmental Analysis: Techniques and Instrumentation Objective: To upgrade the students with knowledge on instrumental techniques of

chemical analysis, practical work with the realistic samples from the environment so that

they could become familiar with the instrumentation this is inevitable for contemporary

investigations of environmental pollution.

UNIT-I

Concept of accuracy, precision and error, Sample preservations, handling of samples and

chemical in lab, Sample handling of Volatile and non-volatile organic compounds, pH

metry, Solvent partitioning, Titrimetry. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Instrumentation and analytical methods involved in the following techniques and their

applications in environment: Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Fluorescence Spectroscopy,

Visible, Atomic and Infrared spectrometry, Flame photometry, Atomic Absorption

Spectroscopy. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, HPLC, Supercritical Fluid chromatography,

Reverse phase liquid chromatography, Electrophoresis: Capillary, X-ray diffraction, X-ray

fluorescence, Bomb colorimetrry, Mass Spectroscopy, Microscopy; Fluorescence.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Handling of radioactive and hazardous samples, Determination of radionuclide in the

environmental samples: gamma spectrometry, alpha particle spectrometry, beta particle

spectrometry, Utilization of different techniques for analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Pesticide residues, Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Environment.

Management of chemicals and waste generated in labs, safety measures while handling

chemicals and instruments, familiarity about various symbols used on the bottles of

chemicals etc. (12 lectures)

Practical

1. Preparation of a standard solution in lab

2. Preparation of a standard curve

3. To analyse the moisture content of a sample using gravimetry

4. Analysis of sample using titrimetry.

5. To analyse the pH of a sample

6. To analyse the sample Using Spectrophotometery

7. A visit to different labs to demonstrate the functioning of instrumentation as listed in

the syllabi.

13

Suggested Readings

1. Chatwal, G. R., and Anand, S. K. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis.

Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi. 2007.

2. De, A.K. Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, New Delhi. 2000.

3. Murphy, W.J. Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society, USA. 1977.

Paper-III: Environmental Technology

Objective: To acquaint the students with latest environmental technology on how to

combat with common environmental issues and related problems without altering the

natural environmental conditions.

UNIT-I

Air pollution Sampling and Monitoring Air Matrices : Scope, Purpose and Objectives

of Air Quality Monitoring Programme; Preliminary information required for planning an

air quality survey; Guidelines for planning a survey; Design of an air quality surveillance

network; Period, frequency and duration of sampling; Averaging times; Sample size

determination; Principles and instruments for measurement of – (i)ambient air pollutants;

and (ii) stack emissions (monitoring), Sampling of gaseous and particulate air pollutants,

measurement of SO2, NOx, CO, SPM, Oxidants and Ozone, Hydrocarbons and particulate

matter. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Meteorology and Dispersion of Pollutants: Maximum mixing depth, lapse rate, stability

conciliations, plume behaviour, calculation of effective stack height,

Control of Air Pollution: General methods of control of Gaseous pollutants- scrubbers,

condensers, control equipment for particulate matter-gravity settling chambers, cyclone,

fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, Case study of thermal power plants

Control of Mobile Source Emissions. Automobile Exhausts: Type of pollutants: Indian

auto emission standards: Problems associated with automobile pollution.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Water Pollution Control: Treatment for Clean Water: Water Treatment Plant -

Procedures, flocculation, settling, filtration, reverse sand filter, cleaning, chlorination.

Methods of Cleaning Potable Water: Filtration, Electro-dialysis, principle & theory of

chemical oxidation, Disinfection mechanism: Ozone, permanganate, chlorination. Reverse

osmosis, Ultra filtration; Water quality standards. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Stream, River and Industrial discharge;

Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks/sea/ in inland streams/ impoundments;

14

Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates; Common Effluent

Treatment plants, their economics and management.

Sewage Treatment: Pre-treatment, Primary, Secondary and Tertiary treatment methods;

Percentage removal and overall efficiency; Physical, chemical and biological methods of

treatment. Screening: Designs of Fixed and Rotary Screens; Separation & design of girt

chambers; Velocity control devices; Detritus tanks; Centrifugal devices; Disposal of grit;

oil and grease separation. (12 lectures)

Practical

1. To study the different methods of air monitoring

2. To study the different methods of water sampling

3. A visit to nearby Sewage Treatment Plant

4. A visit to nearby Effluent Treatment Plant

5. Ambient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, SPM

6. Assignments/Project work as assigned by the teacher

Suggested Readings

1. Bhargava, S. K. Practical Methods for Water and Air Pollution Monitoring, New

Age International Pub., New Delhi. 2008.

2. Bhatia, S.C. Textbook of Air Pollution and Its Control. Atlantic Pub., New Delhi. 2007.

3. Clarke, Andrew G. Industrial Air Pollution Monitoring, Gaseous and Particulate

Emissions, Springer. 2008.

4. Eckenfelder. Industrial Water Pollution Control 3rd

ed. McGraw-Hill Education

(Asia). 2003.

5. Evans, G. Biowaste and Biological Waste Treatment. James and James (Science

Publishers) Ltd, U.K. 2005.

6. Gurnham, C. F. Principle of Industrial Waste Treatment. John Wiley & Sons Inc,

New York. 2004.

7. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer Jr, M.J. Water and Wastewater Technology. 3rd

ed.

Prentice Hall of India. 2000.

8. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J. Jr, Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice Hall,

USA. 2000.

9. Heck, R.M. and Farrauto, R. J. Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial

Technology. Wiley-Interscience. 2002.

10. Kumar, R and Singh, R.N. Municipal Water and Wastewater Treatment. Capitol

Pub. Co., New Delhi. 2006.

11. Ray, T.K. Air Pollution Control in Industries. Tech Books International, New Delhi

(2 volumes). 2006.

12. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.H., and Stensel, D. Wastewater Engineering:

Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., McGraw-Hill, USA. 2003.

13. Perkins, H.C. Air Pollution, McGraw Hill. (1974),

14. Stern, A.C. Air Pollution, Vol. 1-VIII, Academic Press. (1980),

15. Nevers, Nod, DAir Pollution Control Engineering, McGraw Hill Int. . (2000),

15

Paper- IV: Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing

Objective: To acquaint the students with importance of Environment Impact assessment

and various methodologies of impact assessment and auditing.

UNIT-I

Introduction to Environmental Impact Analysis, Environmental impact statement &

environmental management plan Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). EIA

guidelines: notification of the Government of India, 2006; various appendices and forms

for application. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

EIA in project planning and implementation; Component of EIA, EIA Methodology: Project

screening, scoping, base-line data, impact identification; prediction, evaluation, Significant

environmental impacts, stages of environmental impact analysis, mitigation, Public consultation,

presentation, review and decision making, Checklist for EIA. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Guidelines for & Introduction to Environmental Auditing, objective of auditing,

Environmental audit process, Step in environmental auditing, Benefits of auditing,

Environmental Clearance, Types of project activities requiring Environmental Clearance,

Procedure of Public hearing, Composition of EAC, SEAC Influence of EIA on projects

and organizations, Benefits and future of EIA Generic structure of EIA Document.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Mitigation of Impacts, Measurement of environmental impacts, Impact assessment

methods adhoc method, Overlay method, matrix and network method.

Water quality impact analysis, air quality impact analysis.

Role of GIS in EIA

Case Studies: Construction project, Hospitals

(12 lectures)

Practical

1. Preparaton of Public hearing notices

2. Project report on EIA

3. Prepare an environmental audit of hostel / institute / city

3. Assignments as suggested by teacher

16

Suggested Readings

1. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V. Environmental Management. Capital Pub. Co.,

New Delhi. 2006.

2. Petts, J. Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment- Volume 1 and 2. Blackwell

Publishers, UK 2005.

3. Glasson, J. Therivel, R. and Chadwick, A. Introduction to Environmental Impact

Assessment. Routledge, London. 2006.

4. Canter, W. L. (1995) Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw-Hill Science/

Engineering/ Math, New York;

5. Fischer, T. B. (2007). Theory and Practice of Strategic Environmental Assessment,

Earthscan, London.

6. Lawrence, D. P. (2003) Environmental Impact Assessment: practical solutions to

recurrent problems, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ;

7. Morris, P. and Therivel, R. (1995) Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment,

UCL Press, London;

8. Petts, J. (1999) (ed) Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment, volume 1 and 2,

Blackwell Science, Oxford;

9. Therivel, R. and Partidario, M. R. (1996) (eds) The Practice of Strategic Environmental

Assessment, Earthscan, London;

10. Vanclay, F. and Bronstein, D. A. (1995) (eds) Environmental and Social Impact

Assessment, Wiley & Sons, Chichester

11. Wood, C. (2003) Environmental Impact Assessment – A Comparative Review,

Prentice Hall, London.

17

SEMESTER III

Paper- I: Environmental Pollution

Objective: The students shall be equipped with the knowledge of different types of

pollution; their sources and intensity and its consequence on man, animal, plants and

monuments over a period of time.

UNIT-I

Air: Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and Secondary

Pollutants. Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Methods of monitoring of air

pollution SO2, NOx, CO, SPM. Effects of pollutants on human beings, plants animals,

materials and on climate. Acid rain, Smog. The Air (Prevention and control of

Pollution) Act (1981) of India.

Indoor Air Pollution: Indoor air pollutants; Pollutants in the homes and work places,

kitchen, living rooms. Control of indoor air quality. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Water: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico -chemical and

bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality; testing - turbidity, DO, pH,

conductivity etc. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act (1974) of

India.

Marine: Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for disposal of

pollutants in marine system – coastal zone management. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Soil: Physico-chemical properties, sampling and analysis of soil quality; Industrial

waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil components; Different

kinds of synthetic fertilizers and their interactions with different components of the

soil. Degradation of different pesticides in soil. Control of Soil Pollution; Phyto-

remediation

Thermal Pollution: Sources and its impact on environment.

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986 of India.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Noise: Sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise and indices, effect of

meteorological parameters on noise propagation. Impact of noise on human health.

Noise control and abatement measures. Noise exposure levels and standards.

Biological: Bio-pollutants- seeds, spores, bacteria, viruses trichomes

Microbial Pollutants and Sanitation: Bacterial, Viral, Mycoplamic pollutants

interfering biological processes, man, plants and animals; Means of safety against

them; Sanitation and Hygiene. (12 lectures)

18

Practical

1. To determine air pollutants from different locations (less polluted, heavily

polluted) of city.

2. To study various Physico-chemical properties of water – pH, conductivity, total

hardness, alkalinity

3. To determine various physico-chemical properties of soil collected from

polluted and non-polluted areas: Soil pH, conductivity, bulk density, organic

carbon and organic matter.

4. To study some bio-pollutant weeds like Parthenium, Ageratum or Eucalyptus

plantations

5. To study the Impact of Urban air pollution.

6. Assignments/project as assigned by the teacher

Suggested Readings

1. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a

Living Planet. 6th


2. Charbeneau, R.J. Groundwater Hydraulics and Pollutant Transport. Prentice

Hall, India. 2000.




4. Cutler, S.L, Environment Risks and Hazard. Prentice Hall of India, Delhi. 1999.

5. De, A.K., Environmental Chemistry. New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers,

New Delhi. 2000.

6. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of

Interrelationships. 11th

ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006.

7. Fetter, C.W. Contaminant Hydrogeology. 2nd

ed., Prentice Hall, India. 1999.

8. Hammer, M.J. & Hammer, M.J. Jr., Water & Waste Water Technology. Prentice

Hall. 2000.

9. Hillel, D., Introduction to Soil Physics, Academic Press, New York. 1982.

10. Kapoor, B.S. Environmental Sanitation. S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi. . 2000.


ed.


12. Sanai, V.S. Fundamentals of Soil. Kalayani Publishers, New Delhi. 1990.

13. Sharma, B.K. Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut. 2000.

14. Sharma, P.D. Ecology and Environment, Rastogi Publications, New Delhi.

1997.

15. Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R. and Kohli, R.K. Handbook of Sustainable Weed

Management. Haworth Press, Inc., USA. 2006.

16. Singh, R.A. Soil Physical Analysis, Kalayani Publishers, New Delhi. 1997.

19

Paper- II: Regional and Global Environmental Issues

Objective: To provide assessments of the current status and trends in major

developmental and environmental issues at the national, sub regional, regional and

global levels.

UNIT-I

Major Environmental issues, Stockholm conference, Creation of UNEP and its role,

World earth summits; Agenda 21, UNFCCC, Convention on Biodiversity and

Convention on Climate Change, CoPs, Climate Change and Global Warming; IPPC

and its reports (a brief account). (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Human Population and its implications, PAT Formula, Indian census, Population

Regulation, Problems of slums in urban cities, Environmental factors of Cancer and

AIDS, Descriptive and analytical markers and indicators of pollutants in the body;

Impact of population explosion and poverty on the environment, smoking and its

impact on environment. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Stratospheric Ozone depletion, Ozone hole, history, reasons and Impacts on Biota;

Concept of carbon trading; carbon credits; Ecological Footprints; Carbon Footprints;

Basics of CDM, Green Buildings. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Food additives and Preservatives, Food Allergens, New emerging diseases (a brief

concept), Water-borne, air borne, vector-borne, genetic, contagious and non-

contagious diseases and their management, Sanitation measures to control infectious

diseases, Bio-terrorism and Eco-terrorism, Scheme of labelling of environmentally

friendly products (Ecomark) (12 lectures)

Practical

1. To prepare a list of preservatives and additives used in candies, chocolates and

toffees, curd, yoghurt and processed cheese available in the market.

2. To prepare a profile of smokers and analysis in terms of: Type of products like

cigarettes, Bidis and Cigars, Number of persons in the family, Health effects,

Number of cigarettes per person

3. Project file on a global environmental issues

4. To prepare a list of various eco-terrorism and bioterrorism events

5. To calculate the carbon footprint of some anthropogenic activities

6. Enlist various green buildings in India and world

20

Suggested Readings

1. Andel, J. Van and Aronson, J. Restoration Ecology: The New Frontier. Blackwell,

UK. 2005.

2. Botkin, Daniel B. and Keller, Edward A. Environmental Science: Earth as a

Living Planet. 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA. 2007.

3. Burroughs, W.J. Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach. 2nd

ed.

Cambridge University Press. 2007.

4. Chandra, P. Global Ecotourism – Codes, Protocols & Charters. Kanishka

Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi. 2003.

5. Chasek, P. S. The Global Environment in the Twenty-First Century - Prospects for

International Co-operation. Indian Reprint by Manas Publications, New Delhi.

2004.




7. Dash, S. K. Climate Change-An Indian Perspective. Centre for Environment

Education and Cambridge University Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2007.

8. Dodds, F. (ed.). Earth Summit. 2002. A New Deal. Earthscan Publications Ltd.,

UK. 2002.

9. Enger, E.D. and Smith, B. F. Environmental Science: A Study of

Interrelationships. 11th

ed. McGraw Hill Inc., USA. 2006.

10. Hardy, John T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, Solutions. Wiley & Sons, USA.

2003.

11. Harris, F. Global Environmental Issues. Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA. 2004.

12. Kasperson, J. X. and Kasperson, R. E. (ed.). Global Environmental Risk. United

nations University Press & EarthScan Publications, UK. 2001.

13. Metcalfe, S. and Derwent, D. Atmospheric Pollution and Environmental Change.

A. Hodder Arnold Publications. 2005.


ed.


15. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. and Gupta, S.R. Ecology, Environment and Resource

Conservation. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2006.

16. Speth, J. C. Global Environmental Challenges – Transitions to a Sustainable

World. Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2004.

17. UNEP (United Nationals Environment Programme). Agenda 21. Available online

at http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?documentID=52

18. UNEP. Global Environmental Outlook 3: Past, Present and Future. Earthscan

Publications. 2002.

19. Webber, R. Communicable Diseases: Epidemiology and Control. 2nd

ed. CABI.

UK. 1996.

21

Paper- III : Environment and Energy Management

Objective: To provide the students with information on how to manage the natural

resources on a sustainable basis, reducing the threat of degradation, and conforming to

various environmental regulations.

UNIT-I

Environmental Economics and Management: Planning Levels, physical planning

and development Cost-Benefit analysis, methods of economic evaluation of intangible

environmental resources; contingent method, travel cost, opportunity cost concept of

consumer behaviour, environmental consumerism

Disaster Management: Definition, nature, types and classification of disasters, risk

analysis; Disasters - causes and effects; Factors affecting damage- Type, scale,

population density, socio-economic status of population, Factors affecting mitigation

measures- Prediction, preparation, communication, aerial extent, accessibility,

population density (12 lecture)

UNIT-II

Planning for disaster mitigation

Floods – River flooding, flood plains, drainage basins, nature and frequency of

flooding, flood hazards, urbanisation and flooding, flood hydrographs, flood plain

management and control.

Land slides – causes, human use and land slide analysis, determination of stability

and safety factor.

Earth quakes – causes, intensity and magnitude of earthquakes, geographic

distribution of earthquakes zones, seismic waves, travel-time and location of

epicenter, nature of destruction, quake resistant buildings and dams.

(12 lecture)

UNIT-III

Watershed Management: Definition, concepts, principles; Classification by size;

Rainfall and runoff; Water balance approach; Water budgeting; Topographic

surveying; Water conservation and harvesting methods - Importance and techniques

of Rain Water Harvesting; Agriculture and Water management- Participatory Rural

Appraisal in watershed Programmes.

Energy Environment: Fossil fuels – classification, composition, physico-chemical

characteristics and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas.

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, ocean, wind, geothermal

energy, nuclear energy – fission and fusion, magneto hydrodynamic power, bio-

energy – energy from biomass and biogas

Sun as source of energy; solar collectors, solar ponds (12 lectures)

22

Practical

Based upon Theory

Suggested Readings

1. Boland, R.G.A. General Environmental Management. Sterling Pub. Pvt. Ltd.,

New Delhi. 1993.

2. Kulkarni, V. and Ramachandra, T.V.. Environmental Management. Capitol Pub.

Co., New Delhi. 2006

3. Aslokar, S.R. and Gopichandran, R. Preventive Environmental Management- An

Indian Perspective. Foundation Book, New Delhi. 2005.

4. Dhameja, S.K.. Environmental Engineering and Management. S.K. Kataria and

Sons, New Delhi. 2000

5. Pandey, G.N.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi 1997.

6. Saxena, H.M. Environmental Management. Rawat Pub., New Delhi 2000.

7. Stavins, R.N.,. Economics of the Environment – Selected Readings. 5th ed. W.W.

Nations and Co., New Delhi. 2005

8. Mukherjee, B.. Environmental Management. Vikas Pub. House Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi. 1997

9. Kolstad, C.D.. Environmental Economics. Oxford University Press. 2000

10. Hussen, A.. Principles of .Environmental Economics. 2nd ed. Routledge, U.K.

2004

11. Tietenberg, T. 2004. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 6th ed.

Pearson Education.

12. Ravindranath, N.H., Rao, U.K. Natarajan, B. and Monga, P.. Renewable Energy

and Environment – A Policy Analysis of India. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.

2002

13 Rai, G.D. Non Conventional Energy Sources. Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.

1998.

15. Coley, D.. Energy and Environment Change. John Wiley and Sons. 2008

16. Quaschning, V. Understanding Renewable Energy Systems. Earthscan Pub Ltd.,

U.K. 2006.

17. Sukhatme, S.P. Solar Energy – Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage.

Tata McGraw Hill. 2000.

Paper- IV: Industrial and Biomedical Waste Management

Objective: To acquaint the students to understand the difference in perception of

hazardous and biomedical wastes management, applications and their limitations.

UNIT- I

Radioactive waste and its Management

Electronic waste, types and Management

Basic Considerations of Wastes from Industries like textile, sugar, pulp and paper,

cement, distilleries, dairy, food processing, mining.

23

Types and Environmental problems of hazardous wastes: Lead and Mercury

poisoning. (12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Industrial Effluent Treatment: Standards of Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in

sea / in inland streams; Importance of planning location of industries and industrial

estates; Common Effluent Treatment plants, Types and Environmental problems of

hazardous wastes

Generation, collection, segregation, treatment, transport and disposal of hazardous

waste, Waste destruction, separation and Immobilization Technologies

(12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Biomedical waste: Introduction: definition, Classification, types and composition,

Types of solids, liquids, sharps, blood and blood tissue, radioactive material,

biological and chemical material

Documentation of Biomedical waste types and guidelines

Storage of hospital waste; Types of bags and containers used for storage; Segregation

of biomedical waste into different type; Handling and transport of hospital waste

Transport of medical waste: Authorization and accidental spilling reporting

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Biomedical waste treatment/disposal methods: Incineration, autoclaving, microwave

radiations, chemical treatments

Biomedical Waste Treatment Facility: record keeping, collection, transport and

storage facilities

Hospital Effluent treatment plant: Its structure and Functioning

Bio-medical wastes (Management and Handling) Rules; Green hospitals. (12 lectures)

Practical

1. Survey of the town to make a list of various clinics / nursing homes / tertiary

medical care centers / dispensaries / health care centers / multi-specialty

hospitals and medical centers

2. Knowledge about the different types of wastes generated in clinics, nursing

homes and hospitals in the city/town etc

3. Report about the types and amount of waste generated in a nursing home and

clinic.

4. Data on the various methods of handling and transport of hospital wastes in the city

5. A visit to the Hazardous waste Generation or disposal site.

6. Visit to Industrial area especially the handling Hazardous material

7. Preparation of Project report based on a case study of one hospital

24

Suggested Readings

1. Acharya, D.B. and Singh, M. Hospital Waste Management. Minerva Press,

Delhi. 2003.

2. Blackman, W.C. Basic Hazardous Waste Management. CRC Press, USA. 2001.

3. Pichtel, J. Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and

Industrial. CRC Press, USA. 2005.

4. Pruss, A., Giroult, E. and Rushbrook, P. Safe Management of Wastes from

Health-care Activities. World Health Organization, Geneva. 1999.

5. Williams, P.T. Waste Treatment and Disposal. John Wiley and Sons, USA.

2005.

6. Jaswal, P.S. and Jaswal, N. Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi.

2003.

7. Leelakrishnan, P. Environmental Law in India. LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa,

Nagpur. 2005.

8. Shastri, S.C. Environmental law in India. Eastern Book Co, Lucknow. 2008.

25

SEMESTER IV

Paper- I : Statistical Applications and Research Methodology

Objective: To acquaint the students with fundamentals of statistics and research

methodology.

UNIT-I

Basic Statistics: Objectives and applications in environmental sciences; Collection,

compilations and presentation of data; Basic tools of statistical analysis; Central

tendency: mean (arithmetic), median and mode; Measures of variation (standard

deviation and standard error); Probability; Distribution – Normal, t and chi square,

Poisson and binomial; Moments, matrices, simultaneous linear equations

(12 lectures)

UNIT-II

Statistical Analysis: Tests for comparing means of one and two-samples; Analysis of

Variance (one-way); Tests of hypothesis and significance (Null hypothesis);

Regression Analysis; Chi square test. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Environmental system analysis: Approaches to development of models; linear simple

and multiple regression models; models of population growth and interactions: Lotka-

Volterra model, Leslie’s matrix model, Point source stream pollution model, Gaussian

plume model. (12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Research Methodology: Basic principles of research design; Significance of research

design; Concept of research articles, research papers, reviews, scientific popular

articles; Components of a Research Article (title, author-line, address, abstract,

summary, hypothesis, keywords, introduction, methodology, observations, discussion,

conclusion, citing relevant work of others); Reference styles; Copyright Act (in brief),

Plagiarism, Cheating / academic frauds; process of reviewing; List of important

journals in different fields of Environment; Concept of Impact factor; H-Index.

(12 lectures)

Practical

1. Collection of data

2. Calculation of mean, mode, median, standard error, standard deviation

3. Use of statistical softwares and their usage

4. Determination of F-value, t-vlaue, one-way analysis of variance

5. Calculation of r value

6. Null hypothesis, Chi square test

7. Application of Duncan’s multiple range test; Dunnett’s and Tukey’s test

26

Suggested Readings

1. Aggarwal, Y.P. Statistical Methods – Concepts, Applications and Computations.

Sterling Publications Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore. 1986.

2. Bailey, N.T.J. Statistical Methods in Biology. 3rd

ed. Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, UK. 1994.

3. Banerjee, P.K.. Introduction to Biostatistics. S. Chand and Co., New Delhi. 2004

4. Cummings, K., Laws, P. W., Redish, E. F. and Cooney, P. J. Understanding

Physics. John Wiley, USA. 2004.

5. Cutnell, J. D. and Johnson, K. W. Physics. 5th

ed. Wiley, USA. 2000.

6. Dobbs, S. and Miller, J. Statistics 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

2006.

7. Dobbs, S. and Miller, J. Statistics 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

2006.

8. Gerstman, B.B. Basic Biostatics – Statistics for Public Health Practice. Janes and

Bartlett Pub., U.K. 2008.

9. Hewitt, P.G. Conceptual Physics with Practice book. 10th

ed. Pearson Addison

Wesley, USA. 2005.

10. Hewitt, P.G., Lyons, S. and Suchocki, J. Conceptual Integrated Science. Pearson,

USA. 2006.

11. Kothari, C.R. Research Methodology – Methods and Techniques. 2nd

revised ed.

New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New Delhi. 2007.

12. McKillup, S. Statistics Explained. An Introdcutory Guide for Life Scientists.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2006.

13. Monteith, J. and Unsworth, M. Principles of Atmospheric Physics. 3rd

ed.

Academic Press, Inc., USA. 2007.

14. NCERT. Mathematics Text book for Class XI. Part I. NCERT, New Delhi. 2007.

15. NCERT. Mathematics Text book for Class XII. Part II. NCERT, New Delhi. 2008.

16. Resnick, R., Halliday, D. and Wlaker, J. Fundamentals of Physics. 6th

ed. Wiley,

Inc., USA. 2001.

17. Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. John Wiley

and Sons, Inc., USA. 2006.

18. Selvin, S. Biostatistics – How it Works. First Impression. Pearson Education Inc.,

New Delhi. 2007.

19. Serway, R. A. and Jewett, J. W. Principles of Physics. 3rd

ed. Thomson, India.

2002.

20. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in

Biological Research. 3rd

ed. W.H. Freeman and Co., USA. 1995.

21. Rastogi, V.B. Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Ane Books India, New Delhi. 2007.

27

Paper- II: Environmental Biotechnology

Objective: To acquaint the students with information on how to improve

understanding, identification, and prevention of environmental problems, remediation

& restoration through biotechnological methods.

UNIT-I

Bioremediation: Planning and management of bioremediation; In situ and Ex situ

bioremediation; Constrains and priorities of bioremediation; Evaluating

Bioremediation; Bioremediation of VOCs. (8 lectures)

Phytoremediation: Phytoremediation of xenobiotics and bioaccumulation of metals

using plants. (4 lectures)

UNIT-II

Biodegradation: Factors affecting process of biodegradation; Methods in determining

biodegradability; Contaminant availability for biodegradation. Xenobiotics;

Persistence and biomagnification of xenobiotic molecules; Microbial interactions with

xenobiotics; Phase I and Phase II reactions; Cyt P 450 mediated reactions;

Xenobiotics and microbial biotransformation. Use of microbes (bacteria and fungi)

and plants in biodegradation and Biotransformation. (12 lectures)

UNIT-III

Biodegradation of petroleum constituents and associated heavy metal; Biodegradation

of halogenated hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrogen; Pesticides and

Detergents.

Biosorption: Biotechnology and heavy metal pollution; Oil field microbiology;

Improved oil recovery; Biotechnology and oil spills; Hydrocarbon degradation

(12 lectures)

UNIT-IV

Biotechnology for Management of Resources: Role of environmental biotechnology

in management of resources; Reclamation of wasteland; Biomass production; Biogas

and biofuel production; Microorganisms in mineral and energy recovery and fuel and

biomass production.

Application of Biotechnology in Environment. (12 lectures)

Practical

Based upon theory

28

Suggested Readings

1. Evano, G.H. and Furlong, J.C. Environmental Biotechnology – Theory and

Application. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 2004.

2. Jjemba, P.K. Environmental Microbiology – Theory and Application. Science

Pub. Inc., USA. 2004.

3. Pepper, I.L. and Gerba, C.P. Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manaul.

Elsevier, USA. 2005.

4. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. Basic Biotechnology. 2nd

ed. Cambridge

University Press, Cambridge, UK. 2002.

5. Rittman, B. and McCarty, P. L. Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and

Applications. 2nd

edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, USA. 2000.

6. Rittmann, B.E. and McCarty, P.L. Environmental Biotechnology – Theory and

Application. McGraw Hill, USA. 2001.

Paper III Project Training: Training of at least 4 weeks, project report, presentation,

and Viva Voce

Paper IV Seminars: 2 Seminars; Paper based upon seminars

*********