Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive

Dudley Knox Library Publications Bibliographies

2015-05-12

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMG): A

Brief Bibliography

Marlatt, Greta E.

Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School

http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45361

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DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

http://ibrary.nps.edu/

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMG): A Brief Bibliography

Created 05/12/2015 Compiled by Greta E. Marlatt

gmarlatt@nps.edu

BOOKS & REPORTS ..................................................................................... 1 ARTICLES ................................................................................................ 15

BOOKS & REPORTS

Abadinsky, Howard. Organized Crime. 10th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing

Co, 2013. Contents: Introduction to organized crime -- Development of organized crime in the United States -- The American mafia -- Explaining organized crime in -- Italian organized crime and the Albanian connection -- Latin American organized crime -- Black organized crime -- Asian organized crime -- Russian organized crime -- Outlaw motorcycle clubs -- "Goods and Services" : gambling, loansharking, theft, fencing, sex, trafficking in persons, arms, and counterfeit products -- Organized crime and drug trafficking -- Organized crime in labor, business, and money laundering -- Organized crime : statutes -- Organized crime : law enforcement.

Adler, Patricia A. and Peter Adler. Constructions of Deviance: Social Power, Context,

and Interaction. 3rd ed. Australia; Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000.

An Inside Look at Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1992.

Anti-Defamation League. Bigots on Bikes: The Growing Links between White

Supremacists and Biker Gangs. New York, NY: Anti-Defamation League, 2011. http://archive.adl.org/extremism/adl_cr_bigots_on_bikes_online.pdf.

Arvast, Anita. Bloody Justice: The Truth Behind the Bandido Massacre at Shedden. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons Canada, 2012.

Baker, Danny. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs Overview. Fort Smith, AR: Fort Smith Police

Department, n.d.

http://www.fortsmithpd.org/PDFs/OutlawMotorCycleGangsOverview.pdf.

Barger, Ralph, Kent Zimmerman and Keith Zimmerman. Hell’s Angel: The Life and

Times of Sonny Barger and the Hell’s Angels Motorcycle Club. London: Fourth Estate, 2000.

Barker, Thomas. Biker Gangs and Organized Crime. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis Matthew

Bender, 2007. Contents: Conventional and deviant clubs -- One percent clubs : the outsiders -- Becoming a member : righteous biker to patch holder -- Deviant clubs : big five, major independents, and others -- Evolution

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from clubs to gangs : outlaw motorcycle gangs – Biker gangs as organized crime -- Criminals without borders : exporting American organized crime -- The Hells are no Angels : organized crime, death, and Mayhem in Canada -- Biker gangs now and in the future.

———. Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime. Second edition ed.

Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier, 2015. Contents: Introduction -- Enter the one percenters -- Evolution from clubs to gangs -- Outlaw motorcycle clubs-criminal organization continuum -- United States outlaw motorcycle gangs: Big 5, major independents -- U.S. based OMGs: criminals without borders -- Bikies Down Under-OMGs in Australia and New Zealand -- Back patch clubs in the United Kingdom -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs in Europe -- Conclusions.

———. North American Criminal Gangs: Street, Prison, Outlaw Motorcycle, and Drug

Trafficking Organizations. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2012. Contents: 1. Introduction -- What exactly is a gang? -- Selected examples of single purpose gangs -- Selected examples of organized criminal gangs -- Drug trafficking organizations -- Street gangs -- Los Angeles-based or influenced street gangs -- Chicago-based or influenced street gangs -- Prison gangs -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMG) -- 2. Street gangs -- Chicago-based/influenced street gangs -- Gangster Disciple Nation -- Black Gangsters or New Breed -- Latin Kings -- Black P. Stone Nation -- Vice Lords -- Four Corner Hustlers -- Maniac Latin Disciples -- Chicago Caucasian street gangs -- C-Notes -- Almighty Gaylords -- Popes -- Simon City Royals -- Los Angeles-based/influenced street gangs -- African American street gangs -- Bloods -- Crips -- Hispanic street gangs -- Surenos and Nortenos Alliances -- 18th Street -- Florencia 13 -- Mara Salvatrucha (MS 13) -- Avenues -- Varrio Azusa 13 -- Street gangs in Canada -- Territories -- Provinces -- Reading 1. Mexican American youth and adult prison gangs in a changing heroin market -- Reading 2. How the street gangs took Central America -- Reading 3. Aboriginal gangs and their (dis)placement : contextualizing recruitment, membership, and status -- Reading 4. The ballad of Daniel Wolfe -- 3. Prison gangs -- Selected prison gangs -- Aryan Brotherhood -- Barrio Azteca -- The Black Guerilla Family -- Hermanos de Pistoleros Latinos (HPL) -- Mexican Mafia (EME) -- Mexikanemi (The Texas Mexican Mafia or EMI) -- Nuestra Familia -- Public Enemy Number 1 -- Texas Syndicate (TS) -- Reading 1. Blood in, blood out : the violent empire of the Aryan Brotherhood -- Reading 2. PEN1 : Public Enemy Number 1 : California's growing racist gang -- Reading 3. Vicious cycle : Aryan Circle blamed for two cop killings -- Reading 4. The Barrio Azteca trial and the prison gang-cartel interface. 4. Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Big five outlaw motorcycle gangs : an introduction -- Hells Angels MC (HAMC) -- Bandidos MC -- Outlaws MC -- Pagans MC -- Sons of Silence MC -- Puppet/support clubs -- Independent outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Black or interracial one-percent OMGs -- Reading 1. Crimes of the big four motorcycle gangs -- Reading 2. Coordinated chaos : the psychology and structure of organized crime among one percent bikers -- Reading 3. American-based biker gangs : international organized crime -- Reading 4. Hells Angels in springtime -- 5. Drug trafficking organizations -- Drug trafficking organizations and cartels -- Mexican drug cartels -- Reading 1. Drug violence in Mexico : data and analysis from 2001-2009 -- Reading 2. Fact sheet : Department of Justice efforts to combat Mexican drug cartels -- Reading 3. Polarization and sustained violence in Mexico's cartel war -- Reading 4. The Mexican drug cartel threat in Central America -- 6. Dealing with adult criminal gangs and drug trafficking organizations -- Investigation and prosecution strategies -- RICO and VICAR prosecutions of criminal enterprises -- Conclusion -- Reading 1. Enterprise theory of investigation -- Reading 2. The flexibility of RICO and its use on street gangs engaging in organized crime in the United States -- Reading 3. Antigang legislation and its potential impact : the promises and the pitfalls.

———. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs as Organized Crime Groups. New York: Springer,

2014. Contents: 1.; The Nature of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs --; 2.; Hells Angels Motorcycle Club and the One Percenters --; 3.; Criminal Organizations --; 4.; Criminal Organization Continuum of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs --; 5.; Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs --; 6.; Outlaw Motorcycle Gang Violence --; 7.; Conclusion-Organized Criminals Without Borders.

Birzer, Michael L. and Cliff Roberson. Police Field Operations: Theory Meets Practice.

Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, 2008. Contents: 1: Police Patrol: The Backbone Of Policing -- Introduction -- Sketch of the police -- Development of police patrol -- Purpose of police patrol -- Differential Response -- Effectiveness of Police Patrol -- Reactive, proactive and coactive patrol -- Organizational features -- Types of police patrol -- Allocation of patrol personnel -- Special tactical teams -- Managing and supervising patrol activities -- Becoming a police patrol officer -- Training -- Summary -- 2: Police Field Procedures -- Introduction -- Preparing for the tour of duty -- Patrolling the beat -- Handling offenders -- Civil unrest -- High speed pursuits -- Weather and natural disasters -- Police canine -- Traffic stops -- Emergency vehicle operation -- Use of force -- 3: Police Operations in A Community Policing Environment -- Introduction -- Emergence of community policing -- Core components of community policing -- What community policing is not -- Incorporating community

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policing on the job -- Community policing and terrorism -- Does community policing work -- 4: Crime Scene And Preliminary Investigation -- Introduction -- Role of patrol in the preliminary investigation -- Initial steps in the investigation -- Photographing the scene -- Crime scene search -- Nature of evidence -- Types of evidence -- Evidence collection -- Cybercrime -- 5: Interviewing And Interrogation -- Introduction -- Principles of interviewing -- Field interviews/investigative stops -- Principles of interrogation -- Use of the polygraph and CVSA -- Human lie detector -- Law of interviewing and interrogation -- Voluntariness of a confession -- Nontestimonial evidence -- Immunity -- Art of listening -- Summary.; 6: Handling Calls For Service -- Introduction -- Police service role -- Disputes -- Suspicious character calls -- Prowlers -- Missing and runaway children -- Missing adults -- Welfare checks -- Mentally Ill -- Homeless population -- Abandoned vehicles -- Stalled vehicles -- Directing traffic -- Lost property -- Stolen property -- Repeat calls -- Citizen contacts -- Summary -- 7: Forensics -- Introduction -- Duties of a forensic scientist -- FBI Forensic Laboratory -- Crime scene -- Body fluids -- Fibers -- DNA -- Questioned documents -- Fingerprints -- Firearms -- Digital evidence -- Collection and preservation of DNA evidence -- Summary -- 8: Legal Constraints That Impact Police Operations -- Introduction -- Searches -- Warrant clause of the fourth amendment -- Exceptions to the fourth amendment -- Arrests -- Exclusionary rule -- Civil liability -- Use of force -- Summary -- 9: Police Reports And Other Correspondence -- Introduction -- Field notes -- Report writing -- Chain of custody reports -- Special reports -- Writing styles -- Computerized reports -- Recording witness recollections -- Records -- Testifying in court -- Summary -- 10: Police Communications -- Introduction -- Police language -- Radio communications -- Telephone communications -- Special communications issues -- Computer systems -- Data communications -- Computer networks -- Summary -- 11: Gangs And Drugs -- Introduction -- Gangs -- Hispanic gangs -- Female gangs -- Indian country gangs -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- National gangs -- Focus on drugs and alcohol: some definitions -- Drug enforcement -- Drug legislation -- Alcohol related offenses -- Solutions to drug and alcohol abuse -- Drug testing of police officers -- Gangs and drugs -- Summary -- 12: Police Operations In Culturally Diverse Communities -- Introduction -- Changing demographics -- Skeletons in the closet -- Contemporary problems -- Police-minority relations today -- Dangerous traits and behaviors -- Improving police-minority relations -- Culturally competent police officer -- Hate and bias crimes -- Summary -- 13: Crime Mapping And Analysis -- Introduction -- Crime analysts -- Crime mapping -- Should crime information be made public? -- Does hot spot patrolling simply cause crime to move around the corner? -- Hot spot theories on crime -- Summary -- 14: Handling Terrorism and Natural Disasters -- Introduction -- Terrorism and the police officer -- War on terrorism -- Terrorism alerts -- Assessing terrorist threats -- Anti-terrorist and disaster recovery agencies -- Bomb threats -- Hostages -- Summary -- 15: Ethics And Police Operations -- Introduction -- What is ethics? -- What constitutes ethical behavior? -- Ethics as a restriction on behavior -- Kantian ethics -- Moral development -- Values -- Law enforcement values -- Lying and deception -- Off-duty employment -- Internal affairs unit -- International Association of Ethics Trainers -- Summary -- Glossary -- Index -- Photo credits.

Caine, Alex. Befriend and Betray: Infiltrating the Hells Angels, Bandidos and Other Criminal Brotherhoods. Edinburgh: Mainstream, 2009.

———. Charlie and the Angels: The Outlaws, the Hells Angels and the Sixty Year

War. Toronto: Random House Canada, 2012.

———. The Fat Mexican: The Bloody Rise of the Bandidos Motorcycle Club. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2010.

Caine, Alex and John Lawrence Reynolds. Angel Dust: How the Outlaw Biker Gang Became a Criminal Empire. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Viking, 2014.

Campbell, Caesar and Donna Campbell. Enforcer: The Real Story of One of Australia's Most Feared Outlaw Bikers. Sydney: Pan Macmillan, 2010.

———. Outlaw. Sydney: Macmillan, 2011.

———. Wrecking Crew: The Brutal True Story of the Bandidos' Legendary Sergeant-at-Arms. Sydney: Macmillan, 2011.

Campbell, Lorne, and Peter Edwards. Satan's Choice: My Life as an Outlaw Biker with

Satan's Choice and Hells Angels. London Sidgwick & Jackson: 2013.

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Cherry, Paul. The Biker Trials: Brining Down the Hells Angels. Toronto: ECW Press, 2005.

City of Glendale Police Department. Gang Training Manual. Glendale, CA: Glendale Police Dept, n.d. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/148396NCJRS.pdf.

Coulthart, Ross and Duncan McNab. Above the Law How Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs

Became the World's Biggest Criminal Empire. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2011.

Davis, Roger H. Outlaw Motorcyclists: A Problem for Police. Washington, DC: Federal

Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1984. Reprinted from the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, October, November, 1982

Droban, Kerrie. Running with the Devil: The True Story of the ATF's Infiltration of the Hells Angels. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press, 2007.

Edwards, Peter. The Bandido Massacre: A True Story of Bikers, Brotherhood and Betrayal. Harper Collins Publishers: 2010.

Falco, Charles and Kerrie Droban. Vagos, Mongols and Outlaws: My Infiltration of

America’s Deadliest Biker Gangs. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2013.

Fields, Charles B. and Richter H. Moore. Comparative and International Criminal

Justice: Traditional and Nontraditional Systems of Law and Control. 2nd ed.

Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2005. Contents: Crime and criminality : an international view.; Measuring cross-national crime and criminality : methodolgical considerations and concerns /; Charles B. Fields, Jeffrey E. Arrigo, & Kelly R. Webb --; Exporting U.S. organized crime : outlaw motorcycle gangs /; Thomas Barker --; Victimization of women in African society : conflict between the sexes and conflict of laws /; Edna Erez & R. Bankole Thompson --; International terrorism in historical perspective /; Jawad L. Barghothi --; International terrorism in the name of religion : perspectives on Islamic Jihad /; Hamid R. Kusha & Nasser Momayezi --; Organized crime in South Korea /; Dae H. Chang & Ronald G. Iacovetta.; Policing and social control.; Democratizing police organizations from the inside out : police-labor relations in southern Africa /; Monique Marks --; Historical trends and recent developments in international drug policy and control /; Charles B. Fields, Matthew Holt, & Gregory Ferrell --; A comparative model of democracy, respect for human rights, and the rise of democratic policing reforms /; Salih Hakan Can --; Public support for the police in countries in transition and established democracies /; Sanja Kutnjak Ivkovic’ --; The Israeli National Police : a national overview /; Travis Morris --; Reforming the police in central and eastern European states /; Otwin Marenin & Marina Caparini --; The prospects for democratic policing in the third world : the Mauritian model /; Frederick P. Roth --; Civil liberties and the mass line : police and administrative punishment in the People's Republic of China /; Dorothy H. Bracey --; Police in developing countries : the case of Cameroon /; David Chiabi.; Law and Justice : judicial systems -- formal and informal.; The elusive search for uniform sentencing : a look at Denmark and Scotland /; Rudy Prine & Mark Gertz --; Banana justice in Moroland : peacemaking in mixed Muslim-Christian towns in the southern Philippines /; Timothy Austin --; Political challenges to indigenizing justice in post-British Nigeria /; Nonso Okereafezeke --; Islamic legal systems : traditional (Saudi Arabia), contemporary (Bahrain), and evolving (Pakistan) /; Richter H. Moore, Jr. --; Privilege against self-incrimination : a comparative perspective /; Zoran Milovanovich.; Corrections, punishment, and juvenile justice.; The penalty of hand amputation for theft in Islamic justice /; Sam S. Souryal, Abdullah I. Alobied, & Dennis W. Potts --; History and development of modern correctional practices in New Zealand /; Greg Newbold & Chris Eskridge --; Police in a correctional role : cautioning by the English police and its viability as an option for offenders in the United States /; Bill Wakefield & J. David Hirschel --; Local welfare and safety planning in Finland : critical factors of success /; Hannu Kiehelä & Matti Vuorinen --; Vital questions concerning the rehabilitation of offenders : a Scandinavian perspective /; Matti Laine --; Contemporary juvenile justice issues in Japan /; Michael S. Vaughn & Frank F.Y. Huang --; Perspectives of juvenile crime prevention : the case of Finland /; Ahti Laitinen --; Juvenile delinquency in the cross-cultural context : the Egyptian experience /; Sam S. Souryal --; Kyogoin home in Japan : light and shade of tradition /; Akira Hattori.

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Gaines, Larry K. and Victor E. Kappeler. Policing in America. 7th ed. Newark, NJ:

Lexis Nexis: Anderson Pub, 2011. Contents: 1. The police in American society -- The government structure and policing -- Constitutional government -- Separation of powers -- Principles of Federalism -- Police and the law -- Police in the criminal justice system -- The roles and functions of police in modern society -- Roles performed by the police -- Police activities -- Styles of police departments -- Diversity of the police establishment -- Federal law enforcement agencies -- Justice Department agencies -- Federal Bureau of Investigation -- Drug Enforcement Administration -- U.S. Marshals Service -- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms -- Department of Homeland Security -- Transportation Security Agency -- U.S. Customs and Border Protection -- U.S. Secret Service -- Citizenship and Immigration services -- Immigration and Customs enforcement -- Federal Emergency Management Agency -- U.S. Coast Guard -- Miscellaneous Federal law enforcement agencies -- State law enforcement agencies -- State Police and Highway Patrols -- Limited-purpose state law enforcement agencies -- Local law enforcement agencies. 2. Historical perspectives -- An overview of policing in ancient times -- The birth of civilization in Mesopotamia -- Civilization in Ancient Egypt -- The rise of Greek city-states -- The Roman Empire's contribution to policing -- Police development in England -- Medieval England -- Early English law enforcement -- The English reformers -- Henry Fielding -- Patrick Colquhoun -- Sir Robert Peel -- Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne -- American policing in retrospect -- Early American policing -- Policing America: the modern era -- The political entrenchment phase -- The reform efforts -- Investigative commissions -- Police administrative reform -- General political reform -- Professional policing comes to America -- The law enforcement role -- The bureaucratic model -- Science and technology -- Public and community relations return to policing -- The community policing era -- The post-community policing era? 3. Police human resources -- Toward a theory of police selection -- Affirmative action and police selection -- Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act -- Minorities in policing -- Women in policing -- Sexual harassment -- Recruiting police officers -- Establishing minimum selection standards -- Residency requirements -- Vision standards -- Educational standards -- Physical agility standards -- Background and work history -- Medical standards -- Psychological screening -- The police selection process -- The written test -- The oral interview board -- The assessment center -- Training police officers -- Basic or academy training -- Field training officer (FTO) programs -- In-service training -- Police officer career development -- Lateral expansion -- Vertical expansion -- Impact of race and gender on police officer careers. 4. Organization and management -- The specifics of police administration (POSDCORB) -- Levels of administration and supervision -- Principles of organization and police administration -- Classical organizational principles -- Hierarchy -- Specialization -- Procedural guidelines -- Organizational documentation -- Organizational authority -- Appointment based on qualifications -- Problems with classical organizational principles and traditional police administration -- Human relations organizational theory -- The Hawthorne Studies -- McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y -- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs -- Innovative management strategies in policing -- Participative management -- Vertical staff meetings -- Problem-solving groups -- Contingency management -- Total quality management -- Culture -- Customers -- Counting -- Managing community policing -- Crime analysis and COMPSTAT -- Police collective bargaining -- Contract negotiation. 5. Police operations -- Allocating police personnel -- Receiving and managing calls for service -- Police patrol -- Deploying patrol personnel -- One-officer and two-officer patrol units -- Methods and techniques of patrol -- Foot patrol -- Horse patrol -- Bicycle patrol -- Aircraft patrol -- Watercraft patrol -- Police patrol strategies -- Routine preventive patrol -- Routine preventive patrol reconsidered -- Maximizing resources for directed patrol -- Reducing patrol time -- Delayed police response -- Differential police response -- Not responding to certain calls -- Directed patrol -- D-runs -- Split force -- Saturation patrol or crackdowns -- Suspect-oriented techniques -- Racial profiling and traffic stops -- Criminal investigations -- Investigations: a historical perspective -- The detective as secretive rogue -- The detective as inquisitor -- The detective as bureaucrat -- The investigation process -- Preliminary investigation -- Follow-up or latent investigation -- Research on the effectiveness of investigations -- The traffic function -- The police and the traffic function -- Driving-under the influence enforcement -- Police paramilitary units -- Distinguishing police paramilitary units from regular police -- Police partnerships. 6. Police discretion -- The nature of police discretion -- Administrative discretion -- Enforcement discretion -- The police decision-making process -- The decision to invoke the Criminal Justice Process -- Offender variables -- Age -- Race -- Socioeconomic status -- Demeanor -- Gender -- Situation variables -- Seriousness of offense -- Officer-initiated actions and citizen calls for assistance -- System variables -- Community expectations -- Community support agencies -- Departmental culture -- Community policing -- Discretionary situations in law enforcement -- Domestic violence -- Vice crimes -- Prostitution and human trafficking -- Pornography -- Gambling -- The investigation of vice -- Policing hate crimes -- Disenfranchised populations -- The homeless -- The mentally ill -- Controlling police discretion -- Understanding the need for control mechanisms -- Internal control mechanisms -- External control mechanisms -- Control by the citizens -- Legislative control -- Control by the courts. 7. Police of force -- The meaning of excessive force -- Legal standards of police use of force -- Patterns of police use of force -- Determinants of police use of force -- Controlling police discretion in situations involving the use of force -- Use-of-force continuum -- Use-of-force policy considerations -- Use of force by off-duty police officers -- Early warning systems to identify problem officers -- Less-than-lethal force -- Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray -- Impact munitions -- Conduct energy devices -- Net widening and use of force -- Homicides and assaults of police officers -- The dangers of policing in context -- Suicide by cop. 8. Police culture and behavior -- The psychological perspective -- The sociological perspective -- Types of police officers -- The anthropological perspective -- The police subculture -- The Law and police culture --

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The police worldview -- Police bravery, autonomy, and secrecy -- Police isolation and solidarity -- Police postulates and the Code -- Police subcultures of violence and social context -- Police stress -- Sources of police stress -- Effects of police stress -- Police suicide -- Alcoholism and drug abuse -- Mortality and health problems -- Reducing police stress. 9. Ethics and deviance -- Sources of ethics -- Justice -- Law -- Agency policy -- Professional Code of Ethics -- Social norms and personal values -- A conflict of values -- Police crime, abuse of authority, occupational deviance, and corruption -- Bribery -- Extortion -- Narcotics violations -- The scope and forms of police corruption -- Rotten apples or systemic abuse? -- Deviant behavior -- Statistical definition of deviance -- Absolutist definition of deviance -- Reacitivist definition of deviance -- Normative definition of deviance -- Alcohol and other drugs of abuse -- Sexual misconduct -- Sexual harassment -- Police sexual violence -- Stacking-up, jacking-up, and using cover charges -- Gratuities -- Goldbricking versus quotas. 10. Civil liberty -- The incidence of civil suits -- Police fear of litigation -- Lawsuits, police perceptions, and behavior -- Frivolous lawsuits -- The cost of civil liberty -- Litigants in liability cases -- Police civil liability and Tort Law -- Strict Tort liability -- Intentional Torts -- Wrongful death -- Assault and battery -- False arrest and imprisonment -- Negligence -- Legal duty -- Breach of duty -- Proximate cause -- Damage or injury -- Common claims of police negligence -- Negligent operation of emergency vehicles -- Negligent failure to protect -- Negligent failure to arrest -- Negligent failure to render assistance -- Negligent selection, hiring, and retention -- Negligent police supervision and direction -- Negligent entrustment and assignment -- Negligent failure to discipline and investigate -- Defenses to claims of police negligence -- Contributory negligence -- Comparative negligence -- Assumption of risk -- Police liability under Federal Law -- Acting under Color of State Law -- Violation of a Constitutional Right -- Municipal liability for failure to train -- Defenses to Section 1983 lawsuits -- Absolute immunity -- Qualified immunity -- Probable cause -- Good faith -- Preventing liability. 11. The police in the modern community -- An overview of public perceptions of the police -- Public attitudes toward the police -- Individual-level variables -- Age -- Race -- Gender -- Socioeconomic status -- Contact with the police -- Major incidents -- Crime prevention -- The theory of crime prevention -- Primary crime prevention techniques and programs -- Environmental design -- Neighborhood watches -- Media programs -- Juvenile curfews -- Community policing -- The philosophical dimensions -- Broad police function -- Citizen input -- Neighborhood variation -- The strategic dimension -- Geographical focus -- Prevention focus -- Substantive focus -- The programmatic dimensions -- Reoriented police operations -- Problem solving and situational crime prevention -- Community engagement -- Management issues -- Operational examples. 12. Policing the drug problem -- The nature and extent of the drug problem -- Drugs and crime -- the nation's drug strategy -- Interdiction -- Drug prevention programs -- Drug treatment -- The illegal drug delivery system -- Criminal organizations -- Colombian drug cartels -- Organized criminal groups -- Mexican Mafia -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Youth street gangs -- Drug enforcement techniques and programs -- Attacking high-level distributors -- Drug enforcement at the retail level -- Traditional enforcement -- Gang strategies -- Citywide street sweeps -- Neighborhood crackdowns -- Public housing and drugs -- Third-party policing -- Community policing and drugs. 13. Globalization, terrorism, and homeland security -- Globalization, conflict, and policing -- Globalization -- Terrorism, politics, and police -- Defining terrorism and its variations -- Weapons of mass destruction -- Nuclear weapons -- Biological weapons -- Chemical weapons -- Extremist groups -- Extremist groups and the Middle East -- Hamas -- Hezbollah -- Islamic Jihad -- Al Qaeda -- Extremist groups and the United States -- The Arizona Patriots -- Patriot Council -- Oklahoma Constitutional Militia -- Ku Klux Klan -- Extremist groups and Israel -- The Jewish Defense League -- Kach -- Fighting Jewish Organization -- Homeland security -- The National Infrastructure Protection Plan -- Threat identification -- Threat assessment -- Target assessment -- Response-protection decisions -- Homeland security and local policing -- Intelligence-led policing and threat assessment -- Fusion centers -- Critical infrastructure identification -- Enforcement and critical infrastructure personnel -- Public education -- New York City and homeland security.

Grennan, Sean. Gangs: An International Approach. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice

Hall, 2000. Contents: 1. Gangs in history -- 2. What is a gang? -- 3. Gang structure and organization : Why people join ; How people join -- 4. Italian organized crime : Homeland foundations and American mobsters ; Structure ; A brief history in the United States ; Five families from New York ; Criminal prosecution -- 5. Outlaw motorcycle gangs : History ; The big four ; Criminal activities ; Law enforcement -- 6. Supremacists and militias : Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam ; Black Panthers ; Black Guerilla Family and other prison gangs ; Similarities among Black supremacist gangs ; White power ; KKK ; White Aryan Resistance ; Aryan Nations ; Contemporary gangs: skinheads and beyond ; Other notable groups ; Similarities and differences among groups ; Commonalities between supremacist gangs and street gangs ; Distinguishing between supremacist gangs and street gangs -- 7. Street gangs : Chicago-based street gangs ; Los Angeles gangs ; The gangsters' "new" face ; Gang identifiers ; Influence of rap music ; Strange facts -- 8. Jamaican and Nigerian gangs : Jamaican organized gangs ; Nigerian organized crime -- 9. Chinese gangs : Asian organized crime groups ; Chinese groups ; History ; Chinese street gangs ; The gangs ; Criminal activities ; Specific geographic regions -- 10. Japanese, Vietnamese, and Korean gangs : Japanese organized crime ; The gangs ; Criminal activities of Yakuza ; Vietnamese organized crime ; Vietnamese gangs ; Criminal activities of Vietnamese gangs ; Korean organized crime ; The gangs ; Criminal activities of Korean gangs -- 11. Hispanic gangs : Cuban organized crime ; Colombian organized crime ; Mexican organized crime ;

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Dominican organized crime -- 12. Russian and Israeli gangs : Russian organized crime ; Israeli organized crime -- 13. Other worldwide organized crime groups : Third World groups ; Eastern European groups ; Emerging high-profile gangs in the United States -- 14. Conclusions : Appendix A. Thirty-six oaths of the Hung societies ; Thirty-six strategies of the Hung societies ; Oaths of a Chinese street gang -- Appendix B. Brief of the most active Asian gangs.

Hall, John. Riding on the Edge: A Motorcycle Outlaw's Tale. Minneapolis, MN: MBI

Pub. Co. and Motorbooks, 2011.

Harris, Maz. Bikers: Birth of a Modern-Day Outlaw. London; Boston: Faber and Faber, 1985.

Hayes, Bill. American Biker: The History, the Clubs, the Lifestyle, the Truth. Birmingham, MI: Flash Productions, LLC, 2010.

———. Hell on Wheels: An Illustrated History of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Motorbooks, 2014.

———. The One Percenter Encyclopedia: The World of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs from

Abyss Ghosts to Zombies Elite. Minneapolis, MN: MBI Publishing Co., Motorbooks, 2011.

Hayes, Richard and Mary Gardner. Outlaw Biker: My Life at Full Throttle. New York: Citadel Press, 2008.

Hesterman, Jennifer L. The Terrorist-Criminal Nexus: An Alliance of International

Drug Cartels, Organized Crime, and Terror Groups. Boca Raton: Taylor &

Francis, 2013. Contents: Machine generated contents note: References -- Multinational Corporate Sophistication -- Transnational Organized Crime on the Rise -- Scoping the TOC Challenge -- Eurasian Transnational Crime: Size, Wealth, Reach -- Italian Transnational Crime: Not Your Grandfather's Mafia -- Baltic Transnational Crime: Emergent and Deadly -- Asian Transnational Crime: Sophisticated and Multicultural -- African Criminal Enterprises: Internet Savvy and Vast -- Emerging Area of Concern: North Korea -- Fighting Transnational Crime Overseas ... and within Our Borders -- Palermo Convention: First Strike on TOC -- National Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime -- Agencies and Methods -- INL -- DOJ -- FBI -- Major Areas of Concern, Progress, and Lessons Learned -- Counternarcotics -- Human Trafficking -- Money Laundering -- Corruption -- Lessons Learned -- References -- Postmodern Organizational Theory: The Rise of Modern Terrorism and Groups -- Genesis of Postmodern Groups and Thinking. Contents note continued: Upstream Thinking -- Epistemology -- Deconstruction -- Deconstruction's Danger -- Postmodern Organizational Theory -- Neo-Marxist Organizational Theory -- Diagnostic Tools of Postmodernism -- Systems Theory -- Environmental Theory -- Symbolic Theory -- Postmodern Theory and the Rise of Modern Terrorism -- Final Thoughts on Postmodernism -- Modern Terrorism's Roots -- What Is Terrorism? -- Terrorism's Target -- The New Anatomy of a Terrorist Group -- Life Cycle Study -- Terrorist Group Members -- Behavior -- Motivation -- Culture -- Environment -- How Terrorist Groups End -- International Terrorist Groups: The "Big 3" -- Al Qaeda and Affiliates -- The Ideology -- Rise of bin Laden and al Qaeda -- Emergent al Qaeda -- AQAP or Ansar al-Sharia -- Other Al Qaeda Splinter Groups -- Bin Laden Speaks -- Al Qaeda's New Goals and Tactics -- Al Qaeda and Nexus -- Hezbollah -- Unique Structure -- Methodology and Objectives -- Primary Area of Operations. Contents note continued: Tactical Depth and Breadth -- Political Acumen -- Leveraging the Community -- Strong Leadership -- Active and Deadly -- Global Operations -- Latin America -- Nexus Concern: Venezuela -- West Coast of Africa -- Europe -- Iraq -- Canada -- United States -- U.S. Response -- FARC -- Colombia: A Sophisticated, Transnational Narco-State -- Final Thoughts -- References -- History of Domestic Terrorism in the United States -- The Twenty-First Century and the Rising Tide of Domestic Extremism -- Right-Wing Extremism -- Militias -- Sovereign Citizens -- Left-Wing -- Anarchists -- Single-Issue or Special-Interest Terrorism -- The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) -- Animal Liberation Front (ALF) -- Homegrown Terror -- Rehabilitation and the Domestic Terrorist -- Jihadist Defined -- Recidivism -- Terrorist Recidivism -- Counterradicalization Efforts -- Inside the Saudi Program -- Possible Solutions in the Homeland -- The Lone Wolf -- Gangs: Evolving and Collaborating. Contents note continued: MS-13-Moving toward 3G2 -- History -- Structure -- Operational Activities -- Adaptable and Morphing -- Sophistication -- Internationalization -- Rival Gang -- Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs (OMGs) -- Prison Gangs -- Special Concern: Gangs and the Military -- The Way Ahead -- References -- The Battle in Mexico -- Ideology: Money -- Tactic: Brutal Violence -- Goals: Money, Power,

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Control -- Major DTOs Impacting the United States -- Nuevo Cartel de Juárez -- Gulf Cartel/New Federation -- Sinaloa Cartel -- Beltran Leyva Organization (BLO) -- Tijuana/Arellano Felix Organization (AFO) -- La Familia Michoacana (LFM) -- Special Concern: Los Zetas -- Zeta Tactics -- Increasing Reach in the United States -- Interaction with Dark Networks -- Nexus with Gangs -- Criminal Activity Expanding -- Savvy Propaganda Campaigns -- DTOs Cross the Border: Cartels in the Heartland -- LE Operations against DTOs in the United States -- Operation Dark Angel -- Project Delirium. Contents note continued: Project Deliverance -- Project Xcellerator -- Project Reckoning -- Nexus Area: Terrorists, SlAs, and DTOs -- Corruption at the Border: Opening the Gates -- DTOs: Foreign Terrorist Organizations? -- Final Thoughts -- References -- Funding Terror -- Earning, Moving, Storing -- Tactics -- Earn -- Move -- Store -- Earning -- Charities -- Designation -- Zakat -- Commodities Smuggling and Organized Retail Crime -- Intellectual Property Crime (IPC) -- Identity Theft -- Other Fund-Raising Methods -- Mortgage Fraud: Emergent Earning Method -- Moving -- A Paper Chase in a Paperless World: Informal Value Transfer Systems -- Hawala -- Storing, Earning, and Moving -- Precious Metals and Diamonds -- Money Laundering -- Fronts, Shells, and Offshores -- Bulk Cash Smuggling -- E-gambling and E-gaming: Emergent Money-Laundering Concerns -- E-gambling -- E-gaming -- The Way Forward -- References -- New Payment Methods Defined -- Typologies and Concerns. Contents note continued: Use of a Third Party -- Person-to-person (P2P) Transactions -- Lack of Human Interaction and Oversight -- NPM Financing -- Nonbanks -- Internet-Based Nonbanks -- The MSB -- Methods of Using MSBs to Move Money -- Digital Currency Exchange Systems -- Prepaid Access Cards -- Limited-Purpose/Closed-Loop Cards -- Multipurpose/Open-Loop Cards -- E-purse or Stored-Value Cards (SVCs) -- Devices with Stored Value -- Auction and Bulletin Board Websites -- Auction Sites -- Auction Site Intellectual Property Theft (IPT) -- P2P Websites -- Digital Precious Metals -- E-dinar -- The Battle Ahead -- References -- The Internet: A Twenty-First-Century Black Swan -- Rise of Social Networking: Are We Users ... or Targets? -- The Mind as a Battlefield: The War of Ideology -- Shifting the Cognitive Center of Gravity -- Preying on Maslow's Needs: Affiliation -- Social Cognitive Theory at Play -- Marketing Ideology and Fear -- Hizb-ut-Tahrir (HuT). Contents note continued: Exploitation by Other Groups -- Looking through a New Lens at Social Networking -- Second Life -- LinkedIn -- Facebook -- YouTube -- Hidden Messages on the Web -- Enter Hackers and Cyber Vigilantes -- th3j35t3r and th3raptor -- Other Notable Vigilantes -- The Way Ahead -- References -- Drug-Trafficking Organizations and Terrorist Group Interface -- Tunnels -- Bombs -- IRA Inc. -- Hezbollah and Hamas: Partnering for Success -- IEDs, Fertilizer, and Sticky Bombs -- IEDs -- Fertilizer -- Sticky Bombs -- First Response and the Threat of Secondary Devices -- Use of Human Shields by Terror Groups on the Rise -- Hamas -- LTTE -- Asymmetric Threats -- WMD -- Final Thoughts -- References -- Resiliency as a Weapon -- Current List of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations -- Identification -- Designation -- Legal Criteria for Designation under Section 219 of the INA as Amended -- Legal Ramifications of Designation -- Other Effects of Designation.

Hopper, Columbus B. and Johnny Moore. "Women in Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs." In

Constructions of Deviance: Social Power, Context, and Interaction, edited by

Adler, Patricia A., and Peter Adler, 389-401. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co, 1994.

An Inside Look at Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press, 1992.

Kerr, John. Outlaw Bikers. Melbourne: Wilkinson Publishing, 2009.

Langton, Jerry. Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hell Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada, 2010.

Langton, Jerry and Walter Stadnick. Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter

Stadnick in the Canadian Hells Angels. Mississauga, Ont.: J. Wiley & Sons

Canada, 2006.

Leet, Duane A., George E. Rush, and Anthony Smith. Gangs, Graffiti, and Violence: A

Realistic Guide to the Scope and Nature of Gangs in America. 2nd ed. Incline

Village, NV: Copperhouse Pub. Co., 2000. Contents: Introduction -- Hispanic gangs -- African-American gangs -- Asian Gangs -- Skinhead gangs -- Taggers -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Prison gangs -- Jamaican posse -- Cuban gangs -- Chicago street gangs -- The future.

Liddick, Don. The Global Underworld: Transnational Crime and the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004.

9

Lunde, Paul. Organized Crime: An Inside Guide to the World's Most Successful

Industry. 1st American ed. London; New York: DK, 2004. Contents: What is organized crime? -- Defining organized crime -- Organized crime activities -- Exploiting the human condition -- Supplying the illicit -- Extortion and protection -- Manipulating money -- Organized crime groups -- The Sicilian Mafia -- Other Italian groups -- Organized crime in Britain -- The Russian Mafiya -- Organized crime in Albania -- The Yakuza -- The Triads and the Tongs -- The American Mafia -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- The Mexican cartels -- Yardies and posses -- The Medellín and Cali cartels.

Lyman, Michael D. and Gary W. Potter. Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts, and

Control. 5th ed. Newark, NJ: LexisNexis / Anderson Pub, 2007. Contents: pt. I. Understanding the problem -- 1. The nature of the drug problem -- Statistical evidence of drug use -- This book's theme -- Overview of the drug crisis -- Drugs and the family -- Drugs and schools -- The cost of combating drugs -- The economics of the drug war -- Drug-related deaths -- Health complications -- Attitudes about drugs -- Why do people get high? -- The "usefulness" of drugs -- Drug abuse forums -- The natural high -- Happy hour -- Medicinal use -- Religious use -- To alter moods and metabolism -- To inspire creativity -- Measuring drug abuse -- Who are the drug users? -- Geographical differences -- The social costs of drug abuse -- Violence -- Addicted babies -- Drugs and HIV -- Lost productivity -- Drug consumerism -- Theories of drug abuse and crime -- Vice and "victimless" crime -- Social disorganization theory -- Cultural transmission -- Anomie -- Opportunity theory -- Differential association -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- Class project -- 2. The history of drug abuse -- History repeats itself -- The opium menace of the 1800s -- Late nineteenth-century developments -- The twentieth century -- The prohibition era -- Post-prohibition drug abuse -- The postwar era -- The turbulent 1960s -- Late-twentieth-century developments -- The twenty-first century and beyond -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 3. Understanding drugs of abuse -- Defining drugs -- Drugs and the brain -- Side effects -- Outcomes of drug abuse -- Dependence versus abuse -- Drug categories -- Stimulants -- Depressants -- Hallucinogens -- Newer hallucinogens -- Narcotics -- Cannabis -- Steroids -- Inhalants -- Diet drugs -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 4. The illicit drug trade -- Illegal drug trafficking in the twenty-first century -- The economics of drug trafficking -- Drug prices -- Demand elasticity -- Financing drug deals -- Merchandising and distribution of illegal drugs -- Marketing illicit drugs -- Distributing illegal drugs -- Profit margin -- The international perspective -- Mexico -- Colombia -- Bolivia -- Peru -- Trafficking trends in South America -- Trafficking trends in the Caribbean -- Southeast Asia -- Southwest Asia -- Latin America -- Hong Kong -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- Class projects -- 5. Domestic drug production -- The pharmaceutical drug industry -- The business of painkilling -- The doctor's dilemma -- The cost crisis -- The drug approval dilemma -- Adverse drug reactions -- Domestic marijuana cultivation -- Business considerations -- Types of domestic marijuana -- Clandestine laboratories -- The growing meth menace -- Categories of illicit labs -- Controlling precursor chemicals -- Pharmaceutical diversion -- The scammer -- Doctors as offenders -- Theft of drugs -- Addressing the problem -- Problems in diversion investigations -- The drug audit -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 6. Drugs and crime -- Drug use and predatory crime -- Drugs and violent crime -- Other factors -- Police corruption -- Preconditions for corruption -- Types of police corruption -- Corruption in New York City -- Corruption in Philadelphia -- Institutional corruption -- Fighting police corruption -- Corruption in foreign countries -- Cuba -- Mexico -- The Bahamas -- Panama -- Money laundering -- Current money-laundering trends -- The laundering specialists -- Concealment -- Money-laundering techniques -- Fighting money laundering -- Summary -- Discussion questions.; pt. II. Gangs and drugs -- 7. Organized crime and the drug trade -- The nature of drug trafficking -- Defining organized crime -- The criminal group -- The protectors -- Specialized support -- The alien conspiracy theory -- The Mafia -- Drug gangs as organized crime -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- Class project -- 8. Domestic drug-trafficking organizations -- Traditional organized crime : the Mafia -- The Mafia's history -- The Mafia and the drug trade -- Contemporary research on organized crime -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- The Hell Angels -- The Outlaws -- The Pagan -- The Bandidos -- Youth gangs -- Special youth gang problems -- Defining the youth gang -- Gang formation -- Prison gangs -- Ancillary trafficking organizations -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 9. Foreign drug-trafficking organizations -- Colombian cartels -- Colombian traffickers and the cocaine market -- Cocaine wholesaling structure -- The heroin trade -- The Medellin cartel -- The Cali cartel -- Colombian drug-trafficking organizations at the millenium -- Mexican drug syndicates -- Drug trafficking and the Southwest border -- Cocaine trafficking across the U.S./Mexico border -- Trafficking routes and methods -- Importation points -- Heroin trafficking across the U.S./Mexico border -- Mexican methamphetamine trafficking -- Mexican marijuana trafficking -- Mexican MDMA trafficking -- Narcoterrorism -- Southwest Asia -- South America -- Cuban drug traffickers -- Asian organized crime -- Chinese organized crime -- Yakuza -- Vietnamese gangs -- Nigerian drug traffickers -- Dominican drug-trafficking organizations -- Albanian drug-smuggling networks -- Summary -- Discussion questions.; pt. III. Fighting back -- 10. The drug control initiative -- The goals of drug control -- Drug laws -- The history of federal drug enforcement -- The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) -- The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) -- Drug interdiction -- The U.S. Coast Guard -- U.S. Customs and Border Protection -- Interdiction support agencies -- Coordination organizations -- The task of agency coordination -- Strategies for street-level enforcement -- Discreet and nondiscreet markets -- The kingpin strategy -- Marijuana citations -- Undercover operations -- Other concerns -- Police-community drug control efforts -- -- Community policing -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 11. Critical issues in drug control -- Drug lord abductions -- Drug courier profiling -- Drug evictions -- The reverse drug sting -- Entrapment and reverse stings -- Zero tolerance -- The war on drugs as a war on women -- The "crack babies" scare -- Mandatory minimum sentencing -- Electronic surveillance -- Drug testing -- Home drug testing -- Drug testing in

10

schools -- Needle exchange programs -- Forfeiture of attorney's fees -- Drug control and sports -- Why athletes use drugs -- Drug control in amateur sports -- Medical marijuana -- Other public policy issues -- Reduce aid to source countries -- Increase aid to source countries -- Expand the role of the military -- Legalizing drugs -- Increase spending for drug education programs -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- Class project -- 12. The issue of legalizing drugs -- Public opinion -- Getting tougher with dealers -- Marijuana as medicine -- Mixed attitudes -- The basis for the debate -- The pros : arguments for legalization -- The futility of enforcement -- The restriction of the drug market -- The hypocrisy of drug laws -- International relations -- Personal freedom -- The crime rate -- Public health -- Issues to consider -- The cons : arguments against legalization -- The alcohol argument -- The crime rate -- New revenues -- The addicts -- Organized crime -- Personal freedom -- The cost of legalization -- Drugs in Amsterdam : the "Dutch way" -- The British experiment -- The Alaskan pot legalization experience -- A proposed solution -- A comment from the authors -- Discussion questions -- Class projects -- 13. Understanding drug control policy -- Shared responsibility -- Development of federal drug control efforts -- Policy-related factors -- Private-sector responses -- The role of the military -- Development of American drug policy -- Demand reduction -- The supply-reduction paradigm -- Drug use -- Other variables -- Strategies in national drug control -- Politics and the ONDCP -- Prohibition then and now -- Comparative lessons from prohibition -- Legal tools in drug control -- The Racketeer-Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) -- The Continuing Criminal Enterprise (CCE) statue -- Conspiracy laws -- Forfeiture sanctions in drug control -- Drug tax laws -- Grand juries and immunity -- The witness security program -- Summary -- Discussion questions -- 14. Control through treatment and prevention -- Understanding the drug user -- The rise in addiction -- Treatment programs -- Detoxification -- Maintenance (substitute therapy) -- Narcotic antagonists -- The therapeutic approach -- Does drug treatment work? -- Drug treatment in lieu of prison -- Social reintegration -- Relapse -- Problems with drug treatment -- The cost of drug treatment -- Drug prevention -- Prevention programs -- Prevention through education -- Project DARE -- Concerns about DARE -- Summary -- Discussion questions.

Mallory, Stephen L. Understanding Organized Crime. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones &

Bartlett Learning, 2012. Contents: An introduction to organized crime -- Evolution of organized crime and the impact on investigative strategies and law enforcement -- Theories on the continued existence of organized crime -- Colombian drug cartels -- Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) -- The Russian mafia -- The Italian-American mafia -- The Yakuza -- Triads and tongs -- American outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Hispanic and African-American gangs -- Major statutes, legislation, and methods of organized crime investigations -- The intelligence function in organized crime -- The nexus of transnational organized crime and terrorism -- Where do we go from here?.

Marsden, William and Julian Sher. Angels of Death: Inside the Bikers' Empire of Crime. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2007.

Mays, G. Larry. Gangs and Gang Behavior. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1997. Contents: I. Definitions : a struggle for understanding. The logic of definition in criminology : purposes and methods for defining "gangs" / by Richard A. Ball and G. David Curry -- The definition and measurement of "gang status" : policy implications for juvenile justice / by L. Thomas Winfree, Jr. . [and others] -- Gang crime and law enforcement recordkeeping / by G. David Curry, Richard A. Ball, and Robert J. Fox. II. Theories : a search for explanation. Social learning theory, self-reported delinquency, and youth gangs : a new twist on a general theory of crime and delinquency / by L. Thomas Winfree, Jr., Teresa Vigil Bäckström, and G. Larry Mays -- Crime, youth gangs, and urban transition : the social dislocations of postindustrial economic development / by Pamela Irving Jackson -- Age, social context, and street gang membership : are "youth" gangs becoming "adult" gangs? / by James R. Lasley -- Perceived blocked opportunity as an explanation of delinquency among lower-class Black males : a research note / by Ronald L. Simons and Phyllis A. Gray. III. The demographics of gangs : gender, race, and ethnicity. Self definition by rejection : the case of gang girls / by Anne Campbell -- Cholas, Mexican-American girls, and gangs / by Mary G. Harris -- Gang involvement and delinquency among Hispanic and African-American adolescent males / by G. David Curry and Irving A. Spergel -- Los cholos : legal processing of Chicano gang members / by Marjorie S. Zatz -- Patterns of Chinese gang extortion / by Ko-Lin Chin, Jeffrey Fagan, and Robert J. Kelley -- A short history of Asian gangs in San Francisco / by Calvin Toy. IV. Gang activity : drugs and violence. Gangs, drugs, and delinquency in a survey of urban youth / by Finn-Aage Esbensen and David Huizinga -- "Crack," street gangs, and violence / by Malcolm W. Klein, Cheryl L. Maxson, and Lea C. Cunningham -- Differences between gang and nongang homicides / by Cheryl L. Maxson, Margaret A. Gordon, and Malcolm W. Klein -- Gang homicide, delinquency, and community / by G. David Curry -- Routine activities and a subculture of violence : a study of violence on the street / by Leslie W. Kennedy and Stephen W. Baron. V. Different contexts, different gangs. Women in outlaw motorcycle gangs / by Columbus B. Hopper and Johnny Moore -- A comparative analysis of prison gang members, security threat group inmates, and general population prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections / by Robert S. Fong and Ronald E. Vogel -- The threat of the Jamaican posses to the United States in the 1990s / by Ronald A. Pincomb and Daniel L. Judiscak. VI. Gang policies : prevention, intervention, and enforcement. Community organization

11

and gang policy response / by G. David Curry and Rodney W. Thomas -- Gangs, neighborhoods, and public policy / by John M. Hagedorn -- The police and social threat : urban transition, youth gangs, and social control / by Pamela Irving Jackson -- Street gangs and preventive interventions / by David W. Thompson and Leonard A. Jason -- Deviant adolescent subcultures : assessment strategies and clinical interventions / by Cynthia M. Clark.

McGuire, Phillip. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs : Organized Crime on Wheels.

Washington, DC: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, U.S. Dept. of the Treasury, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011411946.

McNab, Duncan. Outlaw Bikers in Australia. Sydney, N.S.W.: Pan Macmillan Australia, 2013.

Menginie, Anthony and Kerrie Droban. Prodigal Father, Pagan Son: Growing Up

Inside the Dangerous World of the Pagans Motorcycle Club. New York: Thomas

Dunne Books, 2011.

Miller, J. Mitchell and Richard A. Tewksbury. Extreme Methods: Innovative

Approaches to Social Science Research. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2001. Contents: Beyond convention : extreme methods of fieldwork -- Acting like an insider : studying hidden environments as a potential participant / Richard Tewksbury -- Covert participant observation : reconsidering the least used method / J. Mitchell Miller -- Covert participant observation : on its nature and practice / Richard A. Hilbert -- Doing research in prison : the strengths and weaknesses of full participation as a guard / James W. Marquart -- Comparison of self-reported recycling attitudes and behaviors with actual behavior / Kathleen Barker [and others] -- Establishing entrée and rapport -- Establishing rapport with deviant groups / Richard A. Berk and Joseph M. Adams -- Assumed and presumed identities : problems of self-presentation in field research / Richard Tewksbury and Patricia Gagné -- A snowball's chance in hell : doing fieldwork with active residential burglars / Richard Wright [and others] -- Doing gang research in the 1990s : pedagogical implications of the literature / Mark S. Hamm -- Get a little dirt on your hands : illustrations of extreme fieldwork -- Drug enforcement's double-edged sword : an assessment of asset forfeiture programs / J. Mitchell Miller and Lance H. Selva -- Women in outlaw motorcycle gangs / Columbus B. Hopper and Johnny Moore -- Into the darkness : an ethnographic study of witchcraft and death / Wendy G. Lozano and Tanice G. Foltz -- Turns-ons for money : interactional strategies of the table dancer / Carol Rambo Ronai and Carolyn Ellis -- Nonmainstream body modification : genital piercing, branding, burning, and cutting / James Myers -- Stigma, danger, and ethics : problems of extreme methods -- On having one's research seized / David Sonenschein -- Personal safety in dangerous places / Terry Williams [and others] -- The ethics of deception in social research : a case study / Erich Goode -- Scholarly ethics and courtroom antics : where researchers stand in the eyes of the law / Rik Scarce.

Morton, James and Susanna Lobez. Gangland Sydney. Carlton, Vic: Victory Books, 2011.

Nicaso, Antonio and Lee Lamothe. Angels, Mobsters & Narco-Terrorists: The Rising

Menace of Global Criminal Empires. Mississauga, Ont: J. Wiley & Sons Canada,

2005. Contents: Italian organized crime groups. 'Ndrangeta ; Sicilian Mafia ; La Cosa Nostra ; Camorra ; Sacra Corona Unita -- Asian organized crime. Structure ; Triads ; Tongs ; Operation Candy Box ; The 125 Organization ; Japanese/Korean crime groups ; Yakuza ; Korean organized crime ; The North Korean government ; Myanmar -- Russian organized crime groups. Crime and emigration ; Vory v Zakone ; "Yaponchik" ; Brighton Beach ; Project Osada ; Semion Mogilevich and the YBM scandal -- Israeli organized crime. The Ecstasy connection ; The Rosenstein-Aberjil war -- Albanian organized crime. The Balkan connection ; "The Corporation" ; A terrorist connection? -- Colombian and Mexican cartels. The border economy ; Colombian cartels ; The rise and fall of cartels ; Mexico ; International criminal networks ; MS-13 -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs. Businessmen in biker attire ; Hells Angels -- African organized crime. The black hole -- Narco-terrorism. Brothers in arms and drugs ; Cyber crime -- Canada : the triple-threat country. Haven, transit and source.

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Nichols, Dave. One Percenter: The Legend of the Outlaw Biker. St. Paul, MN:

Motorbooks, 2007. Contents: Motorcycle mavericks -- The seeds of rebellion -- American rebels -- Birth of the one percenter -- The wild ones -- There are no gangs -- Easyriders -- Worldwide outlaws -- The Harley connection -- The rebel in all of us -- Marketing the rebel -- Beyond here there be dragons.

Nichols, Dave and Kim Peterson. The One Percenter Code: How to be an Outlaw in a World Gone Soft. Minneapolis, MN: Motorbooks, 2012.

Paradis, Peter. Nasty Business: One Biker Gang’s Bloody War Against the Hells

Angels. Toronto: HarperCollins, 2002.

Queen, William. Under and Alone: The True Story of the Undercover Agent Who

Infiltrated America's Most Violent Outlaw Motorcycle Gang. New York: Random House, 2005.

Richardson, Ann. Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs - USA Overview. Sacramento, CA: CA

Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Organized Crime and Criminal Intelligence, 1991.

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf.

Rivera, Louis Reyes and Bruce George, eds. Bandana Republic: A Literary Anthology

by Gang Members and their Affiliates. New York, NY, USA: Soft Skull Press,

2008.

Contents: Alicia Benjamin-Samuels -- Oscar Brown, Jr. -- Commander -- Ruby Dee -- Shaggy Flores --

Erica Ford -- chairman Fred Hampton, Jr. -- Layding Kaliba -- The Last Poets -- Akua Njeri -- Jesus Papoleto Melendez -- Willie Perdomo -- Dead prez -- T. Todgers -- Luis J. Rodriguez -- Leila Steinberg -- Kublai Toure -- Ted Wilson -- Comrade X -- Malik Yoba.

Rolfe, Peter Lars and Zelma E. Greeson. Gangs USA. Boulder, CO: Paladin Press,

1992. Contents: The gangs of America -- Prison gangs -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs -- The Jamaican invasion -- The Columbian connection -- The new Yakuza -- The Cuban mafia -- Here come the dragons, Pt I -- Here come the dragons, Pt II -- The gang rulers of Chicago.

Rowe, George. The Gods of Mischief: My Undercover Vendetta to Take Down the

Vagos Outlaw Motorcycle Gang. New York: Touchstone Book, 2013.

Ruiz, Jim and Donald C. Hummer. Handbook of Police Administration. Boca Raton,

FL: Taylor & Francis, 2008. Contents: Psychology for police leadership / Randy Garner -- Importance and incorporation of community policing characteristics in midsize and large police departments / Sutham Cheurprakobkit -- Role of citizen surveys in responsive policing / Jim Ruiz, Charles Burckhardt -- Examining the role of the police in reentry partnership initiatives / Don Hummer, James M. Byrne -- Dilemmas confronting female police officer promotional candidates / Deborah G. Wilson, Thomas S. Whetstone -- Difference in the police department / Venessa Garcia -- Supreme court and police practices / Craig Hemmens -- Protected expression / William P. Bloss -- Americans with Disabilities Act and law enforcement / Lisa S. Nored -- Law enforcement employment discrimination based on sexual orientation / R. Alan Thompson, Lisa S. Nored -- Importance of theory to police research and practices / Barbara Sims -- Technology applications / Vicki S. Williams, Barry O. Williams -- Understanding the use and abuse of statistics / Randy Garner -- Impact of distance learning / Doug Dailey -- Professional courtesies / John Kleinig, Albert J. Gorman -- What price a freebie?: the real cost of police gratuity acceptance / Jim Ruiz, Christine Bono -- Supervising the undercover function / Michael L. Arter -- Law enforcement responses to ethnic street gangs / Pamela Preston -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs / Thomas Barker -- Physical fitness in policing / Jeffery C. Lee -- Retiring the old centurion / Jim Ruiz, Erin Morrow -- Police, a community consultation in Australia / John Casey, Margaret Mitchell -- Improving impact / Catherine Layton, Christine Jennett -- Conflict of interest and police / Stephen Coleman -- Understanding and managing professional distance / Anna Corbo Crehan -- Research literacy in police organizations / Margaret Mitchell, Christine Jennett.

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Savelli, Lou. Gangs Across America and their Symbols : Including Street Gangs,

Ethnic Gangs, Occult Groups, Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, Hate Groups,

Extremists, Terrorists, and Prison Gangs. Flushing, N.Y: Loosleaf Law

Publications, 2004. Contents: Introduction -- The history of gangs -- Understanding and analyzing gang graffiti -- How to identify if someone is in a gang -- Gangs and their symbols -- Bloods -- Bloods symbols -- Crips symbols -- People Nation gangs symbols -- Folk Nation gangs symbols -- Latino gangs symbols -- Prison gangs symbols -- Asian gangs symbols -- Outlaw motorcycle gangs symbols -- Hate groups/extremists symbols -- Occult symbols -- Miscellaneous gangs symbols -- Terrorists groups symbols -- Gang colors reference guide -- Sports apparel and designer clothing -- Symbol/phrase/word/# reference -- Gang/group information.

Schneider, Stephen. Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada. Mississauga,

Ont: Wiley, 2009. Contents: Part I. Antecedents (1596-1907): Shiver me northern timbers; pirates and privateers of Atlantic Canada -- Outlaws on the Canadian plains; bank robbers, horse thieves, cattle rustlers, smugglers, swindlers, whiskey traders, and other varmints -- Part II. Genesis (1908-1933): The black hand of death; extortion and violence in Canada's early Italian communities -- Canadian vice; dope peddlers, white slavers, and fantan operators -- Speakeasy or die; organized crime in the era of prohibition -- Part III. Ascendance (1934-1984): La Cosa Nostra comes to Canada; the ascendancy of the Italian Mafia in North America -- Âllo police; the Montreal Mafia and other crimes organisés in Quebec -- The undertaker, the three Dons, the enforcer, and other tales of the Mafiosi in Ontario -- Part IV. Proliferation (1985-2006): Challenging the Mafia hegemony; the expansion, proliferation, and internationalization of organized crime -- A strange and terrible Canadian saga; the Hells Angels and other outlaw motorcycle gangs -- Sword of the Triad It's raining corpses in Chinatown! Asian organized crime in Canada -- A different kind of snow; the Colombian Cartels come north -- Return of the Italians; the Canadian connection, redux.

Sher, Julian and William Marsden. Angels of Death: Inside the Biker Gangs’ Crime Empire. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006.

———. The Road to Hell: How the Biker Gangs are Conquering Canada. Toronto: A.A.

Knopf Canada, 2003.

Spiteri, David. The Prez: Money, Violence, Women and "The Code": The Inside Story of an Outlaw Brotherhood. Sydney South, N.S.W: HarperCollins, 2012.

Tewksbury, Richard A. and Patricia Gagné. Deviance and Deviants: An Anthology. Los Angeles: Roxbury, 2000.

Thompson, Hunter S. Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga. New York: Modern Library, 1999.

Thompson, Tony. Outlaws: How a Small Town Biker Gang Took On the Hell’s Angels -

and Lived to Tell the Tale. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2011.

———. Outlaws: Inside the Violent World of Biker Gangs. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2011.

———. Outlaws: One Man’s Rise Through the Savage World of Renegade Bikers, Hell's Angels, and Global Crime. New Work: Penguin Group, 2013.

Veno, Arthur and Ed Gannon. The Brotherhoods: Inside the Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs. Rev. ed. Crows Nest, N.S.W., Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2003.

Veno, Arthur and Edward Winterhalder. Biker Chicks: The Magnetic Attraction of Women to Bad Boys and Motorbikes. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2009.

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Winterhalder, Edward and Wil De Clercq. The Assimilation Rock Machine Become

Bandidos--Bikers United Against the Hells Angels. Toronto: ECW Press, 2008. Contents: Chapter 1; Welcome to the Great White North; 1 --; Chapter 2; Reflections; 25 --; Chapter 3; A Matter of Fate; 49 --; Chapter 4; Sturgis High ... Montreal Low; 63 --; Chapter 5; Birth of a Biker; 83 --; Chapter 6; Living on Borrowed Time; 119 --; Chapter 7; Fools Masquerading as Masterminds; 127 --; Chapter 8; On the Road Again; 145 --; Chapter 9; The Hammer Drops on the Quebec Bandidos; 161 --; Chapter 10; Be Careful What You Wish For; 179 --; Chapter 11; Quebec Justice; 193 --; Chapter 12; Painting Canada Red & White From Coast To Coast; 203 --; Chapter 13; Trouble In Hells' Paradise; 211 --; Chapter 14; Disillusionment; 221 --; Chapter 15; The Shedden Massacre; 231 --; Appendix A; Hangaround & Prospect Information; 251 --; Appendix B; Bylaws of the USA Bandidos Motorcycle Club; 261 --; Appendix C; Projects & Job Assignments for El Secretarios; 265 --; Appendix D; Edward's Projects & Job Assignments for National Chapter; 267 --; Appendix E; Bandidos Motorcycle Club Active Chapters; 268 --; Appendix F; Bandidos Support Club Chapters; 272 --; Appendix G; Bandidos Motorcycle Club Inactive Chapters; 277 --; Appendix H; Newspaper Articles; 278.

Wolf, Daniel R. Rebels: A Brotherhood of Outlaw Bikers. Toronto, Ontario: University

of Toronto Press, 1991.

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ARTICLES

Albanese, Jay S. "North American Organised Crime." Global Crime 6, no. 1

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