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27-10-2017
1
2015 Final Heating & Cooling
Demand in Germany
Country presentation
October 2017
German context
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
2
General context
• Population [1]:
80.8 million • 15.9% of EU28
• GDP [1]:
2,916 billion EUR • 22.3% of EU28
• Heating degree days [2]:
2,908 HDDs/year • 13th coldest of EU28
• 7th coldest among the 14 HRE countries
Heat Demand Atlas (major population centres are visible [HRE4, 2013]
1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from the German datasheet (2016)
2. Eurostat’s 2015 data on HDDs in Germany (2016)
General context – Energy intensity
• Total final energy demand (FED)[3]:
2 467 TWh• 19.6% of EU28
• The highest of EU28 and HRE14
• FED per capita :
30.5 MWh/Capita• 7th highest of EU28
• 6th highest of HRE14
• Final energy from renewable sources [4] :
359.9 TWh• 14.6% of total FED
• 18th highest share of EU28
• 9th highest share of HRE14
• Final energy from renewable sources for H&C [4]:
177.9 TWh• 12.9% of the total H&C
• 22nd highest share of EU28
• 11th highest share of HRE14
3. Eurostat’s 2015 data on annual energy quantities in Germany
4. Eurostat’s RES Shares 2015 results
Heat Demand Atlas (major population centres are visible [HRE4, 2013]
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
3
Climate and emissions
• Germany has committed to reduce GHG
emissions by 40%[2] by 2020, compared to
1990
Carbon per capita[kg CO2/person]
Carbon per GDP[ton CO2/billion EUR]
Carbon Emission per tone of
energy carrier (carbon intensity)
[kg CO2/toe]
10,117 299 2,611
The highestamong the 14 HRE
5th highest among the 14 HRE
2nd highest among the 14 HRE
2014 data [1]
1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from the German datasheet (2016)
5. German Federal Ministry for the Environmental, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)
National energy situation currently
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
4
Heating and cooling
56%
Non-H&C44%
Germany: H&C energy by purposes
• H&C comprises 56% of Germany’s final energy demand.
• Very little cooling process needs, but very high need for space and process heating.
Final energy demand for Germany(2,467 TWh)
Germany H&C (1,384 TWh)
Space heating
55%
Process heating
32%
Hot water9%
Process cooling
2%
Other heating
2%
Space cooling
0%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
AT
BE
CZ
FI
FR
DE
HU
IT
NL
PL
RO
ES
SE
UK
Final energy [TWh]
Space heating Hot water Process heating
Other heating Process cooling Space cooling
14 HRE: H&C energy by purposes
• Germany has the highest final energy demand for H&C among the 14 HRE countries.
German H&C (1,384 TWh)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
5
42%
12%
12%
12%
9%
8%
4%
1%0% 0% Gas Oil
Biomass Electricity
District heating Coal
Others (fossil) Solar thermal
Heat pumps Others (RES)
H&C energy by energy carriers
• Germany accounts for 22% of the EU28’s total delivered H&C
demand.
• Compared to the EU28, it uses less biomass, less electricity
and more oil for H&C.
Germany H&C (1,384 TWh)
EU28 H&C (6352 TWh)
42%
20%
10%
8%
8%
8%
3%1%
0%0%
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Industry Residential Services
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
Solar thermal
Others (RES)
Others (fossil)
Oil
Heat pumps(electric)Gas
Electricity
District heating
Coal
Biomass
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Industry Residential Services
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
Space heating
Space cooling
Process heating
Process cooling
Hot water
Other heating
Sectors by purposes and energy carriers
• German industries are overwhelmingly dominated byprocess heating, other sectors by space heating.
• All sectors rely much on fossil fuels, especially gas, whileindustry also relies on coal and the other sectors on oil.
512 TWh581 TWh
292 TWh
512 TWh581 TWh
292 TWh
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
Industry sub-sectors by H&C purposes
• German industry is dominated by higher temperature heating
processes.
• Most of this is used for the metals industry, (petro-)chemicals and
non-metallic minerals.
German industry(512 TWh)
12%
17%
9%
46%
12%
0%1%
1%2%
Process heating <100 °C
Process heating 100-200 °C
Process heating 200-500 °C
Process heating >500 °C
Space heating
Space cooling
Process cooling <-30 °C
Process cooling-30-0 °C
Process cooling 0-15 °C
Industry sub-sectors by energy carriers
• To attain such high temperatures, German industry relies mostly on
fossil fuels.
• The (Petro-)Chemical industry is the one that relies most on district
heating
• Only the paper and “other” industries make significant use of
biomass.
German industry(512 TWh)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Fin
al E
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
42%
19%
11%
9%
7%
7%4%
1% 0%Gas
Coal
District heating
Others (fossil)
Electricity
Oil
Biomass
Others (RES)
Solar thermal
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
7
Industry Space Heating
• German Industry uses mostly gas for space heating,
although it uses some district heating and oil too
0
50
100
150
200
250
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
Process cooling 0-15 °C
Process cooling -30-0 °C
Process cooling <-30 °C
Space cooling
Space heating
Process heating >500 °C
Process heating 200-500 °C
Process heating 100-200 °C
Process heating <100 °C
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Spacecooling
Otherheating
Hot waterSFH
Spaceheating
SFH
Hot waterMFH
Spaceheating
MFH
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
Residential sub-sectors by energy carriers
• German households use mostly gas and coal for H&C
• Single-family homes lead the way in biomass and solar thermal (for
hot water).
• Multi-family homes are the primary market for district heating.
German households (581 TWh)
26%
42%
26%
11%
10%
8%
1% 1% 1%
Gas
Oil
Biomass
District heating
Electricity
Solar thermal
Coal
Heat pumps
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
8
Service sub-sectors by H&C purposes
• Space heating is definitely the main concern for Germany’s
service sector.
• Their only significant cooling needs are from wholesale/retail
trade, and some from hospitality facilities.
German services (292 TWh)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
84%
6%
6%4%
0%
Space heating
Hot water
Process cooling
Process heating
Space cooling
42%
29%
12%
9%
6%
1%
1%0%
0%
0%
Gas
Oil
Electricity
Biomass
District heating
Solar thermal
Heat pumps
Coal
Others (fossil)
Others (RES)
Service sectors by energy carriers
• Germany’s service sector relies greatly on gas and
oil, most of which goes to space heating.
• All cooling, and process heating, are powered by
electricity only.
German services(292 TWh)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Germany Germany Germany Germany Germany
Hot water Spaceheating
Processheating
Spacecooling
Processcooling
Fin
al e
ne
rgy [
TW
h]
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
9
Excess heat sources
• The biggest concentrations of
excess heat sources are located
in the West and East regions of
Germany.
Excess Heat Atlas [HRE4, 2013]
• Excess Heat:
At least 686 Twh*
• Would cover 77% of the
final energy demand for
Space heating and Hot
water in Germany
* Calculated from the 463 biggest facilities in Germany, using Peta 4.2
Heat Synergy Regions
• 17 regions present a
very high potential for
district heating
• At least 10 other
regions present a high
potential for district
heating
Excess Heat Atlas [HRE4, 2013]
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
27-10-2017
10
Main references cited
1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from German datasheet (2016)
2. Eurostat’s 2015 data on HDDs (2016)
3. Eurostat’s 2015 data on annual energy quantities
4. Eurostat’s RES Shares 2015 results
5. German Federal Ministry for the Environmental, Nature Conservation,
Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.
Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU
Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: [email protected]
