2015 Graduate Student Symposium_Final

Memorial University of Newfoundland

2015 Graduate Student Symposium Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science

ENGI 9100: Engineering Graduate Seminar

November 28, 2015


Graduate Symposium November 28, 2015

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III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................III

PREFACE TO PROCEEDINGS ................................................................................................ IV

A MESSAGE FROM THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ............................................................. V

SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM ......................................................................................................... VI

TABLE OF AUTHORS .............................................................................................................. XI

TABLE OF ABSTRACTS ......................................................................................................... XII

SESSION 1A: Oil and Gas Engineering ..................................................................................... 1

SESSION 1B: Civil Engineering ................................................................................................. 8

SESSION 1C: Renewable Energies – Part 1 ............................................................................15

SESSION 1D: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering – Part 1 .........................................22

SESSION 1E: Mechanical Engineering – Part 1 ........................................................................29

SESSION 1F: Environmental Engineering ................................................................................36

SESSION 2A: Safety and Risk Engineering ..............................................................................43

SESSION 2B: Renewable Energies – Part 2 .............................................................................49

SESSION 2C: Electrical Engineering ........................................................................................55

SESSION 2D: Mechanical Engineering – Part 2 .......................................................................61

SESSION 2E: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering – Part 2 ..........................................67

SESSION 2F: Computer Engineering .......................................................................................71



IV

PREFACE TO PROCEEDINGS Faculty of Engineering and Allied Science

2015 Graduate Student Symposium The Graduate Student Symposium has been held for the past several years with the main objective of complementing the engineering skills students acquire through research with the professional skills necessary for success in advanced career in engineering. Besides this, the course also encourages graduate students as well as faculty members to learn about the spectrum of current research in Engineering at Memorial. Memorial strives to maintain a strong graduate program, with highly qualified faculty, excellent facilities, and relevant and leading edge research projects. Students leaving Memorial with graduate degrees in engineering expect to find advanced positions in research, in industry, and in business. In these leadership positions, professional as well as technical abilities are important to success. Professionals must be able to motivate their team, persuade their colleagues, and promote their ideas. Communications skills are essential to professional development. Since the success of its graduates reflects back on the university. Memorial provides students with opportunity to develop these valuable professional abilities through the Graduate Student Symposium. In the Symposium, the students are challenged to present to a technical, but not specialist, audience and to convince that audience of the merit of their project – in fact a realistic and common situation in the world of engineering. In the work leading up to the Symposium, students were presented with advice and example presentations from professors and invited guests who are themselves experienced practicing engineers. Each student then developed and delivered a preliminary presentation on a topic in the subject area to their graduate degree. Each student contributed to the improvement of presentations skills of their peers by critiquing the presentation of other students. The Symposium showcases the final presentation of each student which has benefited from the course material and peer feedback. Students are commended for understanding the importance of these professional factors, and for improving their skills by practicing in the symposium. In particular, the students who contributed as the technical chair of this symposium, thus enhancing and extending their professional experience, are commended and thanked for their efforts. Susan Caines, Instructor, ENGI 9100 Graduate Seminar



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A MESSAGE FROM THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Greeting! On behalf of the Organizing Committee of the 2015 Graduate Student Symposium (GSS 2015), I would like to thank all of this year’s participants. This symposium would not be possible without you, the graduate students in the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science. Submitted presentations cover all fields, including civil, mechanical, computer, electrical, naval, and oil & gas. The topics within each of these disciplines are vast, and we hope that your interests will be piqued in one of these fascinating areas of research presented at this symposium. I would like to offer special thanks to the members of the GSS 2015 Organizing Committee, who gave their time to ensure that this symposium would be a great success. This committee was comprised of:

Name Position

Susan Caines Chair Javad Hashemi Associate Chair Hawley, John Technical Chair, Session 1A Islam, Md Rakibul Technical Chair, Session 1B Martin, Craig Technical Chair, Session 1C Masoudi, Mehdi Technical Chair, Session 1D Moakler, Edward Technical Chair, Session 1E Saydam, Vahit Technical Chair, Session 1F Boyd, Nicholas Technical Chair, Session 2A Deyab, Samir Technical Chair, Session 2B Fernando, Hondanaidelage Technical Chair, Session 2C Hussein, Emadeddin Technical Chair, Session 2D Ryan, Amanda Technical Chair, Session 2E Zaidi, Syed Hasnain Technical Chair, Session 2F

To all of this year’s participants: thank you for being part of the GSS 2015, and enjoy the day! Susan Caines, Chair, GSS 2015 Organizing Committee



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SYMPOSIUM PROGRAM 1.0 General Schedule

Time EN 4002 EN 4006 EN 4008 EN 4020 EN 4034 EN 4035

8:30 - 9:00 Networking, Coffee, Setup and Opening Remarks (EN 4000)

9:00 - 11:00 Session 1A Session 1B Session 1C Session 1D Session 1E Session 1F

11:00 – 11:20 Coffee Break (EN 4000)

11:20 – 13:00 Session 2A Session 2B Session 2C Session 2D Session 2E Session 2F

13:00 Symposium Conclusion (EN 4000)

2.0 Detailed Schedule EN 4000 Networking, Coffee, Setup and Opening Remarks

Time Presenter Details

8:30 – 8:50 N/A Registration. Ensuring presentations are loaded and working. Coffee will be provided in EN 4000

8:50 – 8:55 Caines, Susan Welcoming speech in EN 4000

Session 1A Theme: Oil and Gas Engineering

EN 4002 Chair: Hawley, John

Time Presenter Abstract Title

9:00 – 9:20 Alfarek, Serag Predictions of Pressure Drop for Gas/Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows in a Horizontal Pipe

9:20 – 9:40 Alwaar, Abourawi Experimental investigation for development downhole thrusters

9:40 – 10:00 Seddig, Hekma R-discovery Mamuniyat Reservoir Evaluation Block NC115 Murzuq Basin,Western Libya

10:00 – 10:20 Sultan, Rasel A Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Close Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe With Fin and Wire Insert

10:20 – 10:40 Turco Neto, Eugenio

Numerical Flow Analysis of Hydrate Formation in Offshore Pipelines Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

10:40 – 11:00 Zaidi, Syed Hasnain

Natural Gas: A literature review on densification techniques



VII

Session 1B Theme: Civil Engineering

EN 4006 Chair: Islam, Md Rakibul


9:00 – 9:20 Ali, Ismail The use of STAAD. ProV8i for analysis of Raft foundation

9:20 – 9:40 Eluweheshi, Meftah

The Effect of Aggregate Properties on Concrete

9:40 – 10:00 Hamed, Mohamed

Structural Behaviour of Layered Beams with Fibre-Reinforced LWAC and Normal Density Concrete

10:00 – 10:20 Roy, Shubhagata Study on the Behaviour of Concrete Strength Using Recycle Tire as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

10:20 – 10:40 Ryan, Amanda Ice Wear and Abrasion Effects on Concrete

10:40 – 11:00 Zurgani, Mohamed

Nonlinear analysis of the behaviour of a FRP concrete beam

Session 1C Theme: Renewable Energies - Part 1

EN 4008 Chair: Martin, Craig


9:00 – 9:20 Aisa, Ahmed Sizing for a wind farm in the Town of Tripoli-Libya

9:20 – 9:40 Alamri, Gamal Design and Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy House and its Power System for Libya

9:40 – 10:00 Elhajare, Mustafa Effects of Icing on Wind Turbine Performance

10:00 – 10:20 Futheiz, Ibrahim Snow and dirt cleaning system for PV panels

10:20 – 10:40 Hussein, Emadeddin

Design of Renewable Energy System for a Mobile iceOff

10:40 – 11:00 Lasmar, Abadalmawla

The Role and Future Benefits of Green Energy

Session 1D Theme: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering - Part 1

EN 4020 Chair: Masoudi, Mehdi


9:00 – 9:20 Abdel Naby, Acil A Survey of Distributed Architectures for Computer Vision Systems

9:20 – 9:40 Abdullah, Md International Maritime Authorities and Their Genesis

9:40 – 10:00 Amin, Mohammad Experimental Study on Ice management using Propeller Wake Wash

10:00 – 10:20 Boyd, Nicholas Design Optimization of OSVs for the Flemmish Pass

10:20 – 10:40 Day, Adam Experimental Analysis of an IMOCA 60 Bare Hull Form

10:40 – 11:00 Gauthier, Matthew

A Review of Wave Energy Extraction Techniques for Autonomous Marine Vehicles



VIII

Session 1E Theme: Mechanical Engineering - Part 1

EN 4034 Chair: Moakler, Edward


9:00 – 9:20 Ahmed, Ibrahim Thermal insulation and flow friction reduction in subsea pipelines

9:20 – 9:40 Cook, Daniel Towards Terrain Leveling with a Swarm of Simple Robots

9:40 – 10:00 Ehteshum, Mehedi

Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Rectangular Fin Arrays with Different Perforation Sizes and Number

10:00 – 10:20 Elhemmali, Alaaeddin

Design of Thermal System

10:20 – 10:40 Fernando, Hondanaidelage

Modelling, Simulation and Implementation of Quadrotor UAV

10:40 – 11:00 Hadia, Hassn Heat Pump

Session 1F Theme: Environmental Engineering

EN 4035 Chair: Saydam, Vahit


9:00 – 9:20 Ansah, Solomon Importance of Quality Assurance Quality Control (QAQC) in Mine Grade Control (Goldfields Ghana Limited)

9:20 – 9:40 Deyab, Samir Coal mine accidents

9:40 – 10:00 Ibrahim, Galal China advances to conserve energy and reduce emissions from electric power generation sector

10:00 – 10:20 Li, Xixi Biosurfactant aided soil remediation polluted by oil

10:20 – 10:40 Narimannejad, Samira

Evaluation of Water Quality of Cisterns

10:40 – 11:00 Shoker, Yasmeen Environmental Effects Monitoring in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

Coffee Break 11:00 – 11:20 in EN 4000

Session 2A Theme: Safety and Risk Engineering

EN 4002 Chair: Boyd, Nicholas


11:20 – 11:40 Bamzad, Sayyedvahid

Online Risk Assessment using a Comibination of “Bank of Kalman Filter” and “Event Tree” Analysis

11:40 – 12:00 El-Gheriani, Malak

Expert Knowledge Elicitation-based Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Rare Accident Frequency Estimation

12:00 – 12:20 Gregory, Keegan Logistical Challenges & Risks – Long Distance, Deep Water Production Facilities

12:20 – 12:40 Islam, Md Rakibul An Introduction of Offshore Drilling and Blowout

12:40 – 1:00 Liu, Hanwen Finite Element Modeling Of The Failure Behavior Of Pipelines



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Session 2B Theme: Renewable Energies - Part 2

EN 4006 Chair: Deyab, Samir


11:20 – 11:40 Masoudi, Mehdi Induced stresses and morphing potential of a wind turbine blade

11:40 – 12:00 Salami, Younes Integration of wind turbine to electrical system

12:00 – 12:20 Sasi, Mahmud Sizing Photovoltaic System

12:20 – 12:40 Shen, Jiabin Overview of Small Signal Stability Analysis for Power System with Doubly Fed Induction Generators

12:40 – 1:00 Thapa, Prakash Gas to Liquefaction technologies in Process System

Session 2C Theme: Electrical Engineering

EN 4008 Chair: Fernando, Hondanaidelage


11:20 – 11:40 Blackwood, Justin Adaptive Impedance matching for wireless power applications

11:40 – 12:00 Li, Shuo The Development of an Acoustic Sea Ice Thickness Measurement System and Technique

12:00 – 12:20 Mahdavi, Sahel A Method for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Vegetated Areas Using Multi-Frequency Data Considering Different kinds of Interaction in Different Frequencies

12:20 – 12:40 Mosbah, Fathi Harmonic reduction in Direct Current-to-Alternating Current Inverter

12:40 – 1:00 Shafah, Esam Optical Fiber

Session 2D Theme: Mechanical Engineering - Part 2

EN 4020 Chair: Hussein, Emadeddin


11:20 – 11:40 Marrah, Aimen Internal Combustion Engine Application

11:40 – 12:00 Mohamed, Bashir Fluid flow modelling of a small bi-directional tidal turbine

12:00 – 12:20 Peach, Brian Ballista Modeling Using Microsoft Excel and Matlab for First Year Engineering Education

12:20 – 12:40 Pinto, Plinio Modeling the dynamic behaviour of cable and utility poles under mechanical excitation

12:40 – 1:00 Saydam, Vahit Characterization of Phase Change Materials With Nanoparticles

Session 2E Theme: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering - Part 2

EN 4034 Chair: Ryan, Amanda


11:20 – 11:40 Martin, Craig Motions Analysis during LNG Bunkering Operations

11:40 – 12:00 Moakler, Edward Design of a Disaster Relief Ship

12:00 – 12:20 Sahoo, Pragyandeep

Investigations into Wave Resistance and Global Hydrodynamics Coefficient Prediction for the Medium-Speed Systematic Series (MESSS)



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Session 2F Theme: Computer Engineering

EN 4035 Chair: Zaidi, Syed Hasnain


11:20 – 11:40 Abdelpakey, Mohamed

Smart Camera Prototype for Automatic Target Recognition

11:40 – 12:00 Hawley, John Swarm Robotics

12:00 – 12:20 Juteau, Daniel The Process and Implications of the Deanonymization of Data and Identifying People

12:20 – 12:40 Noel, Adam Structural Health Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Implications

12:40 – 1:00 Soliman, Ahmed Implementation of Hand Hygiene Monitoring System

Symposium Conclusion 1:00 p.m. in EN 4000



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TABLE OF AUTHORS

Name Page Session Room Name Page Session Room

Abdel Naby, Acil 28 1D EN 4034 Li, Shuo 57 2C EN 4008

Abdelpakey, Mohamed 72 2F EN 4035 Li, Xixi 40 1F EN 4035

Abdullah, Md 23 1D EN 4020 Liu, Hanwen 48 2A EN 4002

Ahmed, Ibrahim 30 1E EN 4034 Mahdavi, Sahel 58 2C EN 4008

Aisa, Ahmed 16 1C EN 4008 Marrah, Aimen 62 2D EN 4020

Alamri, Gamal 17 1C EN 4008 Martin, Craig 68 2E EN 4020

Alfarek, Serag 2 1A EN 4002 Masoudi, Mehdi 50 2B EN 4006

Ali, Ismail 9 1B EN 4006 Moakler, Edward 69 2E EN 4034

Alwaar, Abourawi 3 1A EN 4002 Mohamed, Bashir 63 2D EN 4020

Amin, Mohammad 24 1D EN 4020 Mosbah, Fathi 59 2C EN 4008

Ansah, Solomon 37 1F EN 4035 Narimannejad, Samira 41 1F EN 4035

Bamzad, Sayyedvahid 44 2A EN 4002 Noel, Adam 75 2F EN 4035

Blackwood, Justin 56 2C EN 4008 Peach, Brian 64 2D EN 4020

Boyd, Nicholas 25 1D EN 4020 Pinto, Plinio 65 2D EN 4020

Cook, Daniel 31 1E EN 4034 Roy, Shubhagata 12 1B EN 4006

Day, Adam 26 1D EN 4020 Ryan, Amanda 13 1B EN 4006

Deyab, Samir 38 1F EN 4035 Sahoo, Pragyandeep 70 2E EN 4034

Ehteshum, Mehedi 32 1E EN 4034 Salami, Younes 51 2B EN 4006

El-Gheriani, Malak 45 2A EN 4002 Sasi, Mahmud 52 2B EN 4006

Elhajare, Mustafa 18 1C EN 4008 Saydam, Vahit 66 2D EN 4020

Elhemmali, Alaaeddin 33 1E EN 4034 Seddig, Hekma 4 1A EN 4002

Eluweheshi, Meftah 10 1B EN 4006 Shafah, Esam 60 2C EN 4008

Fernando, Hondanaidelage 34 1E EN 4034 Shen, Jiabin 53 2B EN 4006

Futheiz, Ibrahim 19 1C EN 4008 Shoker, Yasmeen 42 1F EN 4035

Gauthier, Matthew 27 1D EN 4020 Soliman, Ahmed 76 2F EN 4035

Gregory, Keegan 46 2A EN 4002 Sultan, Rasel A 5 1A EN 4002

Hadia, Hassn 35 1E EN 4034 Thapa, Prakash 54 2B EN 4006

Hamed, Mohamed 11 1B EN 4006 Turco Neto, Eugenio 6 1A EN 4002

Hawley, John 73 2F EN 4035 Zaidi, Syed Hasnain 7 1A EN 4002

Hussein, Emadeddin 20 1C EN 4008 Zurgani, Mohamed 14 1B EN 4006

Ibrahim, Galal 39 1F EN 4035

Islam, Md Rakibul 47 2A EN 4002

Juteau, Daniel 74 2F EN 4035

Lasmar, Abadalmawla 21 1C EN 4008



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TABLE OF ABSTRACTS

Session 1A Theme: Oil and Gas Engineering

Page Presenter Abstract Title

2 Alfarek, Serag Predictions of Pressure Drop for Gas/Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows in a Horizontal Pipe

3 Alwaar, Abourawi Experimental investigation for development downhole thrusters

4 Seddig, Hekma R-discovery Mamuniyat Reservoir Evaluation Block NC115 Murzuq Basin,Western Libya

5 Sultan, Rasel A Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Close Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe With Fin and Wire Insert

6 Turco Neto, Eugenio


7 Zaidi, Syed Hasnain Natural Gas: A literature review on densification techniques

Session 1B Theme: Civil Engineering


9 Ali, Ismail The use of STAAD. ProV8i for analysis of Raft foundation

10 Eluweheshi, Meftah The Effect of Aggregate Properties on Concrete

11 Hamed, Mohamed Structural Behaviour of Layered Beams with Fibre-Reinforced LWAC and Normal Density Concrete

12 Roy, Shubhagata Study on the Behaviour of Concrete Strength Using Recycle Tire as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

13 Ryan, Amanda Ice Wear and Abrasion Effects on Concrete

14 Zurgani, Mohamed Nonlinear analysis of the behaviour of a FRP concrete beam

Session 1C Theme: Renewable Energies - Part 1


16 Aisa, Ahmed Sizing for a wind farm in the Town of Tripoli-Libya

17 Alamri, Gamal Design and Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy House and its Power System for Libya

18 Elhajare, Mustafa Effects of Icing on Wind Turbine Performance

19 Futheiz, Ibrahim Snow and dirt cleaning system for PV panels

20 Hussein, Emadeddin

Design of Renewable Energy System for a Mobile iceOff

21 Lasmar, Abadalmawla




XIII

Session 1D Theme: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering - Part 1


28 Abdel Naby, Acil A Survey of Distributed Architectures for Computer Vision Systems

23 Abdullah, Md International Maritime Authorities and Their Genesis

24 Amin, Mohammad Experimental Study on Ice management using Propeller Wake Wash

25 Boyd, Nicholas Design Optimization of OSVs for the Flemmish Pass

26 Day, Adam Experimental Analysis of an IMOCA 60 Bare Hull Form

27 Gauthier, Matthew A Review of Wave Energy Extraction Techniques for Autonomous Marine Vehicles

Session 1E Theme: Mechanical Engineering - Part 1


30 Ahmed, Ibrahim Thermal insulation and flow friction reduction in subsea pipelines

31 Cook, Daniel Towards Terrain Leveling with a Swarm of Simple Robots

32 Ehteshum, Mehedi Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Rectangular Fin Arrays with Different Perforation Sizes and Number

33 Elhemmali, Alaaeddin


34 Fernando, Hondanaidelage


35 Hadia, Hassn Heat Pump

Session 1F Theme: Environmental Engineering


37 Ansah, Solomon Importance of Quality Assurance Quality Control (QAQC) in Mine Grade Control (Goldfields Ghana Limited)

38 Deyab, Samir Coal mine accidents

39 Ibrahim, Galal China advances to conserve energy and reduce emissions from electric power generation sector

40 Li, Xixi Biosurfactant aided soil remediation polluted by oil

41 Narimannejad, Samira


42 Shoker, Yasmeen Environmental Effects Monitoring in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations



XIV

Session 2A Theme: Safety and Risk Engineering


44 Bamzad, Sayyedvahid


45 El-Gheriani, Malak Expert Knowledge Elicitation-based Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Rare Accident Frequency Estimation

46 Gregory, Keegan Logistical Challenges & Risks – Long Distance, Deep Water Production Facilities

47 Islam, Md Rakibul An Introduction of Offshore Drilling and Blowout

48 Liu, Hanwen Finite Element Modeling Of The Failure Behavior Of Pipelines

Session 2B Theme: Renewable Energies - Part 2


50 Masoudi, Mehdi Induced stresses and morphing potential of a wind turbine blade

51 Salami, Younes Integration of wind turbine to electrical system

52 Sasi, Mahmud Sizing Photovoltaic System

52 Shen, Jiabin Overview of Small Signal Stability Analysis for Power System with Doubly Fed Induction Generators

54 Thapa, Prakash Gas to Liquefaction technologies in Process System

Session 2C Theme: Electrical Engineering


56 Blackwood, Justin Adaptive Impedance matching for wireless power applications

57 Li, Shuo The Development of an Acoustic Sea Ice Thickness Measurement System and Technique

58 Mahdavi, Sahel A Method for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Vegetated Areas Using Multi-Frequency Data Considering Different kinds of Interaction in Different Frequencies

59 Mosbah, Fathi Harmonic reduction in Direct Current-to-Alternating Current Inverter

60 Shafah, Esam Optical Fiber

Session 2D Theme: Mechanical Engineering - Part 2


62 Marrah, Aimen Internal Combustion Engine Application

63 Mohamed, Bashir Fluid flow modelling of a small bi-directional tidal turbine

64 Peach, Brian Ballista Modeling Using Microsoft Excel and Matlab for First Year Engineering Education

65 Pinto, Plinio Modeling the dynamic behaviour of cable and utility poles under mechanical excitation

66 Saydam, Vahit Characterization of Phase Change Materials With Nanoparticles



XV

Session 2E Theme: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering - Part 2


68 Martin, Craig Motions Analysis during LNG Bunkering Operations

69 Moakler, Edward Design of a Disaster Relief Ship

70 Sahoo, Pragyandeep

Investigations into Wave Resistance and Global Hydrodynamics Coefficient Prediction for the Medium-Speed Systematic Series (MESSS)

Session 2F Theme: Computer Engineering


72 Abdelpakey, Mohamed


73 Hawley, John Swarm Robotics

74 Juteau, Daniel The Process and Implications of the Deanonymization of Data and Identifying People

75 Noel, Adam Structural Health Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Implications

76 Soliman, Ahmed Implementation of Hand Hygiene Monitoring System



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SESSION 1A: Oil and Gas Engineering



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Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science

ENGI 9100: Graduate Symposium November 28, 2015

Predictions of Pressure Drop for Gas/Non-Newtonian Fluid Flows in a Horizontal Pipe

Serag Alfarek1

1. MEng Student in Petroleum Engineering

Abstract

Multiphase non-Newtonian flow conditions exist in pipelines and wellbores as a result of slurry transport and drilling activities. An understanding of two-phase non-Newtonian flow has direct impacts on petroleum production and transportation. This present work focuses on the gas/non-Newtonian liquid horizontal flow, which predicts pressure drop from the two-phase flow rates. The gas and the non-Newtonian flow rates are obtained separately by flow rates dial and varied over a wide range of operating conditions. The pressure drop gradient model of power law, Bingham plastic and Lockhart-Martinelli were modified for gas/non-Newtonian liquid flow and Xanthan gum was used to modify the fluid properties. The system is also studied experimentally and theoretically using a transparent pipe of 76.2 mm in diameter and 2.44 m long pipe. The theoretical predictions are compared with the experimental for air/shear thinning fluid flow. Experimental observations concluded that for low concentrations of Xanthan gum the pressure losses may be reduced for single phase flow, and that pressure losses may be reduced for some concentrations of Xanthan gum solution at high air flow rates. Keywords: Gas/non-Newtonian liquid; Pressure drop; Two-phase flow rates; Theoretical

analysis

References: Final Report – Pressure Loss Characterization of Non-Newtonian Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Lines, ENGI 910B (MOGE PROJECT COURSE) - GROUP 7 (2015).



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Experimental investigation for development downhole thrusters

Abourawi Alwaar1

1. MEng Student in oil and gas Engineering

Abstract

This paper talks about the effect of thrusting on the weight of bit. Thruster is hydraulic cylinder with piston for creating force which increases weight on the bit. The thrust force is a function of the cross sectional area of the piston and the pressure drop between piston pressure and annulus pressure. Any tool below the thruster piston that creates a pressure drop contributes to the WOB. Thruster has ability to provide a constant, controllable weight-on- bit (WOB) that reduces out axial vibrations and shocks. It can help the bottom hole assembly to avoid stick slip. In addition the thrusters use to increase bit life, reduce drilling string vibration and also improve penetration rates ROP. As the thruster interact with other parameters such as mud motors, bit and restrictor subs to obtain optimum performance of the drilling system. This paper shows comparison different types of drilling including vertical or horizontal with thruster or without thruster and also deals of the function and principle of thruster. Keywords: Not provided.



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R-discovery Mamuniyat Reservoir Evaluation Block NC115 Murzuq Basin,Western Libya

Hekma Seddig1

1. MEng Student in Oil and Gas Engineering

Abstract

This project estimates the total oil in place in R- Field which is located in block NC115 at northern Murzuq basin, total of eleven exploration wells were drilled in the field since it was discovered by the Acacus Oil Company in 2004, hydrocarbon accumulation was only found in the Upper Ordovician fluvial sandstone reservoir of the Mamuniyat Formation. The Mamuniyat erosional leftover section in Murzuq Basin is tremendously varies. The methodology used in this project are log correlation and reservoir determination, petrophysical parameters determination (porosity,Sw,Rw),mapping,and reserve calculation. In R-NC115 discovery locality, Mamuniyat maximum thickness of 430 ft was drilled by R3-NC115 well and the minimum thickness of 182.5 ft was encountered in R2- NC115 well. The Mamuniyat Formation in R-Discovery was divided into upper and lower parts based on lithology, porosity, and log character. The upper part is clean orthoquartzite, while the lower part is mostly contaminated sandy clay stone. Based on lithology type, water saturation, oil water contact and Gama Ray Logs, the potential reservoir was interpreted limited only to the upper part the petrophysical analysis of the available Upper Mamuniyat section revealed 8% porosity cut off and 12.81% average porosity and 60% water saturation cut off with 24.5% average water saturation. The O.W.C was estimated at -3140 ftss and the total oil in place was estimate to be 359 MMSTB with recoverable reserves of 59 MMSTB using recovery factors of 30%. Keywords: Mamuniyat Formation, recoverable reserves, Evaluation NC 115,Murzug Basin.



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HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF AN CLOSE LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE WITH FIN AND WIRE INSERT

Rasel A Sultan1

1. MEng Student in Process Engineering (Engineering Oil and Gas)

Abstract

Pulsating heat pipes (PHP) have created a newer arena and promising possibilities as passive devices for heat transfer applications, especially suited for thermal management of electronics. This study used a closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) made of copper with 2.5 mm ID and 3 mm OD with fin in the condenser section in the present work to evaluate the heat transfer performances where the evaporation section is 50 mm, adiabatic section is 120 mm and condensation section is 80 mm. The attempt is to analyze and compare the effects on the heat transfer performances of CLPHP with finned, fin-inserted and un-finned condenser section with

inclination angle of 0⁰ (vertical), 30⁰ and 45⁰. Methanol and Ethanol are used as working fluids with 50% filling ratio in CLPHP with 8 loops during the experimentation. The experimental results indicate a strong influence of gravity and thermos-physical properties of the working fluid on the performance of the CLPHP studied with different orientation and heat load. The results demonstrate the effect of fin and fin-insert used in condenser section, the input heat flux, inclination angle orientation and physiochemical properties of the working fluid on the thermal performance of the device. The finned and fin-inserted CLPHP at 45⁰ inclination exhibit the considerable enhancement of heat transfer compared with that of CLPHP without fin. The results indicate that the performance of PHP changes with different fill ratio, orientation and heat load.

Better heat transfer performance is obtained from finned pulsating heat pipe with Methanol at 45⁰ inclinations. Keywords: electronic cooling; pulsating heat pipe (PHP); close loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP); open loop pulsating heat pipe (OLPHP); thermal performance; fin in condenser section; inserted wire.



6




Eugenio Turco Neto1

1. MEng Student in Oil & Gas Engineering

Abstract

Hydrate formation is one of the major challenges faced by the Oil and Gas Industry in offshore facilities due to its potential to plug wells and reduce production. Several experimental studies have been published so far in order to mimic or understand the mechanisms that govern the hydrate formation under its thermodynamic favorable conditions; however, the results are not very accurate due to the uncertainties related to measurements and metastable behavior of hydrate formation process. Moreover, thermodynamic models have been proposed to overcome the latter constraints but they are formulated considering the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, which such condition is difficult to be achieved in flow systems due to the turbulence effects. The objective of this work is to develop a fundamental mechanistic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in order to show the flow behaviour during hydrate formation considering the fluid dynamics effects. The transient simulations were performed using ANSYS CFX 15 considering the multiphase chemical reaction involved in the hydrate formation process and a sensitivity analysis was done in order to track the main parameters that intensify the hydrate formation in multiphase flow conditions. Keywords: hydrate formation, CFD, multiphase flow.



7



Natural Gas: A literature review on densification techniques

S. Hasnain Haider Zaidi1

1. MENG Student in Oil and Gas Engineering

Abstract

Natural gas is a very attractive source of energy from environmental perspective as emission of Carbon dioxide; nitrogen oxides are significantly lower than other fossil fuels such as oil and coal. Currently natural gas is transported through mainly by pipe lines as PNG (Pipeline Natural Gas) followed by LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) but there are some other methodologies for Natural Gas transportation which are under consideration of various researchers such as CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), GTL (Gas to Liquid Technology), LNG (liquefied Natural Gas), NGH (Natural Gas Hydrates). Therefore this review paper consist of two sections one including the overview of natural gas densification techniques, their mechanism, thermodynamics and researches done on the subject area, and the other section will give review on methane replacement from gas hydrate through carbon dioxide called CO2 sequestration, the process overview, phase behaviour, kinetics and the studies done are covered in this section. Keywords: Natural Gas; Transportation; Densification; Review; CO2-CH4 replacement.



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SESSION 1B: Civil Engineering



9



The use of STAAD. ProV8i for analysis of Raft foundation

S. Ismail Ali1

1. MEng Student in Civil Engineering

Abstract

This project present the results of analyzing four solutions suggested by using STAAD.ProV8i.The last version of STAAD software is the version STAAD.ProV8i released by Bentley Company this version has many new features compared to previous STAAD versions are: The incorporation of latest codes for generating wind load effects, there are of new codes in generating seismic loads and the capability of automatic load combination generation. The general objective of the present work is to efficiently use the various analysis of STAAD. ProV8i software to produce best or optimal design. This general objective will include: The use of the software in modeling Building structures or part of it with various degrees of complexities, the use of automatic load combination generators to produce the appropriate load combinations required for the analysis of Building structure subjected to gravity, wind and seismic forces, the use STAAD.pro V8i for studying and providing solutions for raft foundation. The results shows that a good reduction can be obtained by increase the thickness of part of the raft from the results it can be noticed that taking t2=0.7m and x=3m we can obtain a pressure on soil 147kN/m2 less than the allowed pressure (150kN/m2).This solution is more economical than first solution and it is advised to be used. Keywords: Not provided.



10



THE EFFECT OF AGGREGATE PROPERTIES ON CONCRETE

S. Meftah Eluweheshi1

1. Student in Civil Engineering

Abstract

In this project, the different effects of aggregate properties on fresh and hardened concrete would be presented. Concrete consists of three main components; Cementous material, aggregate, and water. The aggregate constitutes around of 75 % of the total concrete volume. Two main standardized types of aggregates are essentially considered when producing concrete mixes; course and fine aggregate. Aggregate is commonly considered inert filler, but it is very important component which defines the concrete’s thermal and elastic properties and dimensional stability and generally controls the behaviour of the concrete. Moreover, the impact of aggregate on concrete strength, and the different properties as durability, workability would be addressed in addition to economic properties in concrete producing and the safety factor of adding aggregate to the concrete. There are many different kinds of aggregate resources from which aggregates are extracted. Natural gravel and sand are usually dug or dredged from a pit, river, lake, or seabed. Moreover, Crushed aggregate is produced by crushing quarry rock, boulders, cobbles, or large-size gravel. Recycled concrete is a viable source of aggregate and has been satisfactorily used in granular subbases, soil-cement, and in new concrete. Further discussion will be done during the presentation. Keywords: Not provided.



11



Structural Behaviour of Layered Beams with Fibre-Reinforced LWAC and Normal Density Concrete

Mohamed Hamed1


Abstract

This paper presents an investigation for the hybrid concrete structures. The hybrid concrete structures are easier and more feasible kind of structures that can be widely available for everyday use. This study is testing small scale hybrid beams with two layers of different types of concrete. The hybrid concrete structure, that is going to be tested and analyzed during this investigation, is composed of two layers of concrete. The top layer the fiber reinforced light weight concrete and the bottom layer, which is the second layer, is normal concrete. Steel fibers will be added to the light weight concrete with two different percentages 0.5 and 1%. Therefore, the concrete structure will be lighter, cheaper and more durable. A four point bending test was conducted to test the beams in both bending and shear. The bond between the two layers didn’t show any concerns as expected. All the tests showed positive expectation for the full scale models to be tested. The steel fibers showed positive impact on the durability of the light weight concrete as the reduction of the shear reinforcement could be applied in order to reduce in the cost of the cross section and the fiber counting for the critical sections was taken into consideration when analyzing its performance.

Keywords: hybrid, .composite sections, Light weight concrete, normal concrete.



12



Study on the Behaviour of Concrete Strength Using Recycle Tire as A Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate

Shubhagata Roy1


Abstract

Waste-Tire rubber is one of the significant environmental problems worldwide. With the increase in the automobile production, huge amounts of waste tire need to be disposed. This waste being non-biodegradable poses severe fire, environmental and health risks. Due to the increasingly serious environmental problems owing to disposal of waste tires, the feasibility of using such elastic and flexible waste particles as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate has become a research issue. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the change in strength of concrete due to the use of waste tire. Total 72 nos. of 4 inch cube were cast using waste tire chips as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate ( 5%, 10% and 15% by weight) and cured in plain water for 7, 28 and 90 days. Compressive and tensile strength of the specimens was measured after specific exposure period. The results of this study show that there was a significant reduction in the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete containing waste tire rubber than normal concrete. It was also noted that the slump value was reduced as the percentage of rubber increased. But the most important fact is that unlike plain concrete, the failure state in rubberized concrete occurs gently and uniformly indicating the ductile behaviour. Finally it is recommended to use waste tires for making non-structural Portland cement concrete, such as mass concrete, partitions, back stone concrete, concrete blocks, and other non-structural uses. Keywords: Recycle tire, Rubberized concrete, Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength.



13



Ice Wear and Abrasion Effects on Concrete

Amanda Ryan1

1. M. Eng Civil Engineering Student

Abstract

The presentation addresses the proposed research project aiming to study ice wear and abrasion effects on concrete surfaces in marine environments. While ice and concrete have been studied for some time, there is little research that focuses on the direct abrasion of concrete surfaces due to ice wear and friction. The goal of this research is to enhance the understanding of these interactions and material loss and to incorporate these findings into engineering design. This research subject will benefit all marine concrete structures including arctic oil and gas exploration, bridge and lighthouse design. In reviewing previous studies and developing an understanding of basic ice friction principles, the project team will analyze both the failures in ice from loading, as well as the detrimental effects to the abraded concrete. A testing mechanism will be designed to model the interactions to be as accurate as possible to how they occur in natural environments. The current status of the project plan is the literature review and research-planning phase. Results from this project will be developed over a five-year period. Keywords: Ice, marine concrete, abrasion.



14



Nonlinear analysis of the behaviour of a FRP concrete beam

Mohamed Zurgani1

1. MEng student in civil engineering

Abstract

Reinforced concrete (RC) is one of the most important building materials if not the most important one in this century, and is commonly used in different kind of engineering structures. The economy, the efficiency, the durability, the strength and the stiffness of reinforced concrete make it an attractive material to be exploited in building. In most cases engineers design reinforced concrete elements using simple formulas that have been developed and constructed based on experimental data. Despite the importance and adequacy of empirical methods, they still require both time and money. Fortunately, the proliferation of computers and their high capability to process the data, the usage of finite element analysis has become on rise. In this paper, proper models were constructed using FE program (Mechanical ANSYS V14) so as to estimate and evaluate the non-linear material behaviour of both FRP bars and concrete. The beam is analyzed to shear failure and the failure load, load versus mid-span deflection, concrete stresses/strains, and FRP bar stresses and cracking of the concrete beam were captured. The main aim of this project is to compare the results that are obtained using the finite element programme with the experimental results that have been obtained in previous experimental tests. The results showed that the results obtained from the FE model such as that the defections, failure loads, FRB tensile stresses/strains and are very similar to the experimental results. Keyword: finite element, FRP bars, stress, strain, deflection.



15

SESSION 1C: Renewable Energies – Part 1



16



Sizing for a wind farm in the Town of Tripoli-Libya

Ahmed Aisa1

1. Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Due to ever increasing costs of fossil fuels and awareness of the impact on the environment of burning fossil fuels, it is sought to decrease fossil fuel consumption. It is necessary to find methods to economically utilize non-polluting sources of energy such as wind and solar energy. In this study we have proposed a new alternative for electrical production to cover part of the city of Tripoli in the north of Libya which located at latitude (32.9022) and longitude (13.1858). Because of the average of wind speed in the selected area about 6.5m / sec, we suggested that this alternative is to use as wind turbine. Statistics indicate that this region's consumption is estimated approximately 1000 MW, so in this study we will try to design twenty wind turbines to provide an electrical energy to the region under study. In addition, we will install numbers of turbines and some software such as Homer software to do the necessary calculations, MATLAB and Win Energy Engineering Tool Box of Mini codes software.

Keywords— Sizing for a wind farm, install numbers of turbines, using in the Town of Tripoli-Libya.



17



Design and Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy House and its Power System for Libya

G. Alamri1

1. MEng Student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract

In this research design of a Net-Zero Energy Concrete house for Libya will be presented. For this purpose we have used software. It is called BEopt (building energy optimization) which provides capabilities to estimate residential building design and identify cost-optimal efficiency packages at diverse levels of whole-house energy saving along the path to net-zero energy. The design house is simulated for one year weather data of Libya and results are presented in my research. From the different simulation outputs, we determine and present the foreseeable energy consumption in the designed house. In addition, the results indicate that such a house will need quite less energy as compared to conventional houses in Libya.

Index Terms—Net-Zero Energy House, BEOPT, Energy preservation



18



Effects of Icing on Wind Turbine Performance

Mustafa Elhajare1

1. M.Eng Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Wind energy is the world’s fastest growing source of electricity production; if this trend is to continue, sites that are plentiful in terms of wind velocity must be efficiently utilized. Many such sites are located in harsh environment such as cold, wet regions for example: Canada. Province of Newfoundland and Labrador is one of them. This study selected Mary's Harbour city in Labrador as a sample to know the effects of icing on wind turbine performance. In this study, it showed the difference of wind turbine performance within and without ice accretion for this city. Also, it determinate the annual energy production (AEP) by power available in the wind, the probability of wind speed during the year, and the energy which (Power.Time). There are two methods to calculate the probability of wind velocity, which the Rayleigh (PDF) method is one of them that is applied in this study. In addition, the characteristics of wind turbine are 5 MW, rate wind speed 13 m/s, and Cp (power coefficient) 0.48. While, the wind speed average for Harbour city is about 7 m/s. the results from this study showed the ice accretion reduce the AEP of wind turbine about 15% as overall, and sometimes up to 30% in some months. Keywords: Wind turbine; Ice accretion; Annual energy production; wind speed.



19



Snow and dirt cleaning system for PV panels

Ibrahim.A.M.Futheiz1

1. MEng Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Solar PV systems work by capturing the sun rays and using the photovoltaic cells to produce electricity. The big betterment in the efficiency and the decrease in the price have made the usage of PV systems become wider. However, along with being affected by density of solar irradiance, temperature and shadow, PV panels are also affected by the accumulation of snow and dust on the surface. In this Paper, a snow and dirt cleaning system for PV panels will be designed, as well as measuring the energy consumption. The cleaning robotic system will be installed on the panel and moving along a string of PV panels. In addition, a wiper, as the one used to clean car windshield, will be moving up and down on the surface of the PVs to wipe and clean it from any dirt or snow that prevent the light to reach the surface. Solidworks software was used to design the body and Arduino Uno to control it. As well, two 12v dc motors, and two proximity sensors to measure the speed of the motors and give a feedback whether the wiper and the body moving or not. Keywords PV; Arduino; torque; dc motor, energy.



20



Design of Renewable Energy System for a Mobile Office

Emadeddin .A.A Hussein1

1. Dept. Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Nowadays, the increasing energy demand and the limited reserves of the conventional sources have raised the concerns of the researchers all around the globe to look for alternative resources. A series of global circumstances made clean, domestically produced energy a serious business. Renewable Energy Systems are becoming a common choice for small communities in Canada where the cost of diesel fuel are high. This study presents the selection, design, installation, and maintenance of a Renewable Energy Systems. In this paper, a PV/Wind hybrid system has been considered for supplying an electrical load of a remote area Mobile office. An optimal configuration of different renewable energy system has been obtained. The optimal configuration has been determined by taking the total cost as the objective function. The system optimization is done through optimization software from NREL, HOMER. The results show the hybrid renewable energy system is a cost effective solution. Furthermore, it is expected that the proposed system will help companies to provide uninterrupted power for their sites in remote areas. Key words: not provided.



21




Abdalmawla lasmar1


Abstract

This paper present the relations between green energy-based sustainability and global stability are investigated, with a focus on the role of green energy in achieving sustainable development and global stability. Considering global unrest, global stability, green energy impact ratio and green energy-based sustainability ratio, a parametric study is performed using actual data from the literature. Some illustrative examples are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the negative effects on industrial, technological, sectoral and social development partially or completely decrease through use of green energy and technologies. To increase the green energy-based sustainability ratio and to reduce global unrest levels, the utilization of fossil fuels should be limited or reduced, and a transition to green energy based technologies should be accelerated. This includes having governments and other authorities encourage investments in green energy and replacements of fossil fuels with more environmentally benign ones. The supply and utilization of low-priced green fuel is particularly significant for global stability, since energy plays a vital role in industrial and technological development around the world. Green energy, loosely defined as the form and utilization of energy that has no or minimal negative environmental, economic and societal impact, is essential to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainability. It provides an important option for meeting clean energy demand for both industrial and non-industrial applications. Green energy is consequently a major factor in future sustainable development and world stability. Keywords: Green energy; Sustainable development; Global stability; Global unrest; Green energy impact ratio; Fossil fuel.



22

SESSION 1D: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering – Part 1



23



International Maritime Authorities and Their Genesis

Md Abdullah1

1. MEngg Student in Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering.

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the genesis of international maritime authorities and how it evolved throughout these years. The main purpose of maritime authorities are to implement rules and regulations to ensure safety of life, goods and environment during shipping. Since ships are plying from one country to another a global standard was necessary along with local regulatory bodies. Among other international authorities IMO (International Maritime Organization) is the highest international maritime authorities which is also a part of UN (United Nations). The sole purpose of IMO is ensuring safety, security and environmental protection in international shipping. And IMO has been successfully doing that ever since its foundation. Many conventions were mandated as a global requirement after the formation of IMO. For example, after the tragic event of TITANIC a maritime convention was adopted named SOLAS (Safety Of Life At Sea) in 1914. But it was mandated for all countries in 1965, after the formation of IMO. Like SOLAS many other conventions came into force after the formation of IMO which also created many research opportunities associated with maritime industry. Although IMO has tremendous contribution in maritime industry but IMO itself is only fifty six years old. But history of maritime rules, regulation and regulatory bodies can be traced back to 1760. The history of IMO and other major international maritime authorities lead us to an interesting discovery of a link between origination of maritime authorities and a coffee house. This paper states and explains different maritime authorities, their roles in the industry, their influence on maritime research and their origination.

Keyword: Maritime authorities, IMO, IACS, Classification Society, Lloyd’s Coffee House.



24



Experimental Study on Ice management using Propeller Wake Wash

M. Asif Amin1

1. MEng Student in Ocean and Naval Architecture Engineering

Abstract

Propeller wake wash phenomena were investigated as a means of clearing pack ice used during ice breaking and ice management operations. Experiments were done in the tow tank of Memorial University’s Ocean Engineering Research Centre (OERC) for investigating the phenomena on a particular ice floe. The work focused on the characterization of the submerged discharge jet and its interaction with the free water surface as a function of basic parameters: power of propeller, depth of submerged propeller and inclination of propeller to the horizontal. A central composite experiment was designed with three factors: propeller shaft speed (power), declination angle with horizontal water surface and depth of submerged propeller. It was found that as the propeller rotation speed and even inclination angle is increased, while placing the ice floe closer to the propeller moves faster than that placed far downstream of propeller; which indicates that the strength of propeller wake diminishes at the far downstream of the propeller. However quite close to propeller the flow is very turbulent having negative impact in clearing ice. The distance travelled by the ice floe as a function of time was the criteria to evaluate the strength of wake. Propeller shaft speed was found as the most influential factor. Keywords: Ice management, Propeller wake wash, Experimental study



25



Design Optimization of OSVs for the Flemmish Pass

N. Boyd1

1. MEng Student in Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering

Abstract

This presentation presents the process to be followed to optimize the design of OSVs for operations in the Flemish pass and the development of a design tool to support future vessel design. As oil development in the Flemish pass requires vessels capable of operating in one of the world’s harshest environments, at distances never previously served by an OSV fleet, this brings new challenges to the design of these vessels, which this project aims to meet. This design optimization will be conducted by analyzing existing vessel design capabilities, conducting parametric experiments to optimize the hull design, developing economic models for fleet design and design equations for vessel design which will be used to develop software capable of supporting optimized design for other operating environments. The relationships between hull form parameters and vessel performance have been identified, and can be used to recommend an optimum efficient hull form for given environmental criteria. This improves design efficiency as it recommends a best case design immediately, as opposed to using the guess and check method based on industry standards common to most vessel design. The results of this are not perfect, due to gaps in the data, however as a concept design starting point, it is very good. Keywords: Flemish pass oil development, hull form optimization, parametric design, design software development.



26



Experimental Analysis of an IMOCA 60 Bare Hull Form

Day, Adam1

1. MEng Student in Ocean and Naval Engineering

Abstract This paper describes a tow tank experiment to analyze the design of a proposed hull form for an International Monohull Open Class Association 60ft racing sailboat. The purpose of the experiment is to determine a full scale estimate of the hull resistance (without appendages), a qualitative analysis of the innovative wave piercing bow, and heave measurements allowing a qualitative analysis of the planing trends of the hull. The factors which were varied throughout the experiment were the towing speed of the model, heel angle, incoming wave frequency, and ballast condition. The levels for these factors are determined from known operational procedures of the full scale vessel and the common environmental conditions. The results of this experiment agreed well with the expected behavior of the vessel including a clear observation of a planing ”hump” in the resistance curve at an appropriate Froude number. The towing resistance values have also been compared to empirical estimates using NAVCAD software. As expected, it was also seen that the planing effect of the hull disappears at high angles of heel due to the submerged portion of the hull acting more as a displacement hull rather than a full planing hull at high angles of heel. Experimental errors are also explored in detail including the change in mass moment of inertia and radius of gyration due to the lack of appendages, most importantly the keel and bulb. Keywords: IMOCA 60; Vendee Globe; Tow Tank; Planing Craft; Scaled Hull Resistance.



27



A Review of Wave Energy Extraction Techniques for Autonomous Marine Vehicles

Matt Gauthier1


Abstract

This paper presents a review of existing wave-energy conversion (WEC) techniques and subsequent applications as auxiliary power for autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). A common characteristic among ASVs is the desire to maximize the mission operation length, hence an effective WEC is desirable for ASV companies and operators alike. A main constraint of this study is that the WEC device will be employed on a spar shaped ASV which must retain spar buoy characteristics. This eliminates the possibility of using of a surface float to harness the surface wave motions as it will impose unwanted heave motions on the vehicle. By using a submerged device, the wave-induced motions on the vehicle are reduced. Introducing a submerged device on an ASV still changes the vehicle hydrodynamics and resulting motions in waves. This drives a secondary constraint requiring the device to generate sufficient power to offset the resulting drag and/or maneuvering issues due to the wave-energy absorption. Results of the review suggest that an oscillating hydrofoil & a horizontal or vertical axis turbine device are the most applicable to generate power onboard a spar-shaped ASV. The oscillating hydrofoil presents the added possibility of being employed in a thrust generating regime in addition to energy generation. Both methods identified have had some success as a means of tidal energy conversion (TEC). Experimentation is required to determine the efficiency and subsequent amount of energy generated before warranting installation on an ASV. Keywords: Wave Energy Conversion (WEC); Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs); Flapping Foil; Wells Turbine.



28



A Survey of Distributed Architectures for Computer Vision Systems

Abdel Naby, Acil

(Abstract not submitted)



29

SESSION 1E: Mechanical Engineering – Part 1



30



Thermal insulation and flow friction reduction in subsea pipelines S. Ibrahim Ahmed1


Abstract

Flow assurance and associated thermal insulation in subsea pipelines. There are two problems that high pressure and low temperature. The structural design of pipe- in- pipe is governed by buckling and collapse resistance of both inner and outer pipes, as well as the weight and overall stiffness of the pipeline. The stress state in each layer needs to be calculated during installation, operation, and maintenance conditions to address the structural design issues. Aerogel is suitable to be top insulation efficiency that has low thermal conductivity and strong mechanical properties. Using Phase change heat transfer, e.g., melting and freezing, boiling and condensation, can be found in many energy and power systems such as thermal and nuclear power generation, oil and gas transportation, energy storage, and thermal management of electronics. The phase change heat transfer processes often play a key role in determining the efficiency, safety and reliability of these systems. This paper focuses on liquid-solid phase change and phase change materials (PCMs).The thermal insulation prevented loss heat transfer to outside pipelines during operation and phase change material storage energy. The experimental results show that PCM can be effectively used in thermal insulation method with a PCM inner layer and a good conventional insulation outer layer provides significant improvement of cool down time for subsea pipelines in a shut-down situation. Advanced heat transfer modeling and detailed design of this hybrid insulation will be conducted in the next steps.

Keywords: Heat transfer, Phase change materials, Thermal management, pipelines.



31



Towards Terrain Leveling with a Swarm of Simple Robots

Daniel Cook

Abstract

This talk presents the results of in-progress master’s research related to swarm robotics. Current terrain manipulation for construction or disaster response by humans involves coordinated effort and often expensive machinery which may be cumbersome to operate. It is proposed here that this work could be carried out by a swarm of simple robots, at lower cost and risk to human operators. Previous work in designing an algorithm for leveling a terrain with a swarm of simple autonomous agents is discussed, along with work towards simulating the behavior of this algorithm. Current work descending from this initial paper is presented, in which the behavior of the simulated algorithm is transferred to and tested with real hardware. Finally, future directions and possible applications of the work are discussed. Keywords: swarm robotics, construction, swarm intelligence.



32



Thermal and Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Rectangular Fin Arrays with Different Perforation Sizes and Number

Mehedi Ehteshum1


Abstract

Enhancement of heat removal and reduction of fin size become a major concern in designing heat exchanger equipment. The present paper reports an experimental analysis to investigate the turbulent heat transfer performance of rectangular fin arrays, both solid and circular perforations along the length of the fins. The size and number of circular perforation have been varied. Tests have been conducted in a horizontal wind tunnel equipped with forced draft fan. The data are obtained by varying flow velocities while maintaining constant heat input and taken over a period of time. The Reynolds number is varied between 6×10^4 through 25×10^4. The heat loss due to radiation and convection is taken into account during calculation. Thermal performances and effectiveness of perforation and equivalent surface solid fin arrays have been evaluated and compared. Results show remarkable heat transfer enhancement, lower thermal resistances, pressure drop and higher efficiencies, effectiveness for perforated fins with increasing number of perforations in addition to the considerable reduction in weight in comparison with solid fin arrays. Keywords: Perforated fins; Turbulent flow; Fin effectiveness; Heat transfer; Heat transfer enhancement; Perforation size; Perforation number.



33




Alaaeddin Elhemmali1

1. Graduate Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

First and present worth of gas thermal system pipeline, which uses Methane as working fluid, economically optimized by this study within fifteen years life span. It consist of; motor, compressor, turbine, generator, and (120 km) pipeline with (50kg/s) flow rate. The cost of each component depends on its ability to produce or consume energy. Also, the physical properties of them are thermodynamically connected to each other as they are working side by side in a system; this behavior represents a constrain which has to be satisfied under any operation conditions. In order to find out the minimum cost of the system, which is the objective of this study, a cost equation was built in terms of energy by summing up the cost of individual components and then represented in terms of physical properties too. After that, Lagrange multiplier method was used as an optimization technique with the aid of computer program to get the combination of physical properties by which the minimum cost agrees with the constrain can be achieved. Finally, for the given system situation which will be discussed in greater detail latter on, the minimum cost was about (98,120,000$). Moreover, the sizes of equipment and related physical properties were determined. Keywords: Thermal system, optimization, Lagrange multiplier.



34




H. Eranga Fernando1, Akalanka De Silva1, Dinuth C. De Zoysa1, Chamika Dilshan1, Rohan Munasinghe1

1 Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Quadrotor aerial vehicle is one of the most versatile and maneuverable flying rotorcrafts which is used in variety of applications spanning from hobby applications to military applications. Although the mechanical structure of the quadrotor is simple, the dynamics are inherently unstable and complex hence require in-depth understanding of the dynamics to develop new applications. Focus of this work is to gain in-depth understanding of quadrotor dynamics and to develop a laboratory platform to facilitate future developments in the areas of control algorithms, autonomous navigation systems and trajectory planning algorithms which are important for new applications and for the development of existing applications. The dynamics of the quadrotor is modeled using Newton-Euler formalism which uses the forces and torques generated by the four propellers to model the six degree of freedom movements of quadrotor. A simulator for modeled dynamics is developed on MATLAB® Simulink which is used for testing the control algorithms. A prototype is built where control algorithms run on an onboard Microchip microcontroller. Cascaded PI controller is implemented on the prototype and is tested in different kinds of environment to evaluate the stability and controllability of the platform as well as of the controller. Finally actual flight data from different flights and simulation results are compared to validate the dynamic model and the simulator performance. Keywords: quadrotor UAV; dynamic modelling; Newton-Euler; cascaded PI.



35



Heat Pump

Hassn Hadia1

1. Eng. Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

In fact the present energy crisis situation, maximization utilization of energy use is vital matter, particularly an air conditioning unit which is one of the largest energy uses in the home. The goals of this presentation are to: design and development of a portable air conditioning the heat pump unit using helical coil heat exchanger, improve the cooling performance of a portable air-conditioning heat pump unit, enhance the heat recovery performance of the heat recovery system, and develop the energy efficiency of the portable water-cooled air conditioning unit. In this presentation, a heat exchanger designed, working as water cooled condenser, consists of a shell and helically coiled tube unit which is fabricated by bending diameter straight copper tube into a helical-coil pipe of twenty turns. Water and refrigerant R-22 are used as working fluids in shell side and tube side, respectively. The operation test results of the designed portable air conditioning heat pump unit using helical coil heat exchanger, found that the unit worked satisfactorily. This presentation then investigated the benefits of applying a helical coil heat exchanger for heat recovery of a portable air conditioning-heat pump unit. The unit with heat recovery system was set up for study at various water flow rates. The cooling performance, the heat recovery, and the energy consumption for different warm water flow rates were measured. Keywords: Heat pump; Air conditioning unit; Heat exchanger.



36

SESSION 1F: Environmental Engineering



37



Importance of Quality Assurance Quality Control (QAQC) in Mine Grade Control (Goldfields Ghana Limited)

Ansah Solomon Kwabena1


Abstract

The selection of an estimation method used in any mineral deposit depends on several factors including the ease of implementation and robustness of data. In addition, the quality of an estimate devoid of maximum errors is fully dependent on the quality of data and proper investigation carried out to ensure precision and accuracy. This paper deliberates on the importance of QAQC in the reproducibility of sampling results in mine grade control. After drilling, samples were taken to the laboratory for assay and checks put in place to make sure that the laboratory was doing a right thing during sample value reporting. A total of 500 samples were analysed by inserting quality control materials in the batch of samples taken to the laboratory for assaying. Out of the 500, 448 samples recorded values within its acceptance limit and 52 were resent for reassay. The reported gold values of the various samples was plotted using the q-q plot and regression plot to establish the coefficient of relationship and determination between samples sent to different labs. It was concluded that QAQC should be implemented almost every time to control the accuracy and precision of assay results so as to reduce geological and financial risk. Keywords: Quality Assurance Quality Control, q-q plot, line of regression, accuracy, precision, assay, acceptance limit, Quality control materials



38



Coal mine accidents

D. Samir1


Abstract

Coal is an important basic energy resource and critically important export commodity for some countries where it is produced in millions of tones. Unfortunately, coal mining is regarded as one of the most dangerous careers which face miners. This is due to major hazards like cave-ins, methane explosions, fires, roof-falls and water flooding. Coal mining accidents are, unfortunately, very commonplace in producing countries; evidenced by events in the last few years such as the Upper Big Branch mine disaster in southern West Virginia. This paper presents the major coal mine accidents and statistics for the USA, UK, France, Belgium and Russia in different years. The highest rate of fatalities was in the USA, which was more than all of these countries together. In addition, it presents the causes which lead to accidents in coal mines, especially the causes that led to the accidents in the Upper Big Branch mine in southern West Virginia. It also provides solutions that can limit the number of occurrences and the effects of these accidents. Keywords: Major coal mine accidents and statistics, Causes of coal mine accidents, Solutions to coal mine accidents



39



China advances to conserve energy and reduce emissions from electric power generation sector

I. Galal ¹


Abstract

Energy conservation and emission reduction are considered to be global issues that international cooperation is needed as a result of associated environmental impacts issues. Therefore for a sustainable improvement of China’s economy and society energy conservation and emission reduction are important targets that should be achieved in China’s power industry. Electric power industry in China has high energy consumption rate and high level of emissions so in order to relieve the increasing of environmental problems it is urgent to take action regarding reduction of both energy consumption and polluted emissions. In this paper we firstly presented an overview of the improvement status of electric power generation in China including power generation capacity and proportions of various methods for power generation, implementation of renewable energy in power industry. Secondly we presented some developed techniques for emission reduction including desulfurization, emission, control, comprehensive utilization of solid waste. Then finally we presented and discussed some suggestions that can further achieve China goals towards energy conservation and emission reduction which are improving power generation technologies, expanding renewable power generation, optimizing power generation process, strengthen monitoring and regulation and promoting power generation policies and emission trading.

Keywords: Electric power industry; Energy conservation; Emission reduction; China



40



Biosurfactant aided soil remediation polluted by oil

Xixi Li

MEng Student in Civil Engineering

Abstract

As the development of industry and agriculture, large of the waste water, industrial production, and pesticides are discharged into soil environment. These pollutants include organic compounds, such as DDT, PAHS and inorganic pollutants, such as heavy metals. The above pollutants are extremely toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic potential for humans. It is difficult to remove these pollutants from soil environment, thus different soil remediation approaches are invented and research of degradation of contaminant in soil has been developed. Biosurfactants which are produced by microorganisms have physical and chemical properties. In comparison with chemical surfactant, biosurfactant not only can reduce the surface tension, stability of emulsion and increase the bubble, but also have the advantages of non-toxic and biodegradable. Thus, biosurfactant can be used for treating the pollution of oil industry, such as biodegradation of oil, enhancement of oil recovery, bioremediation of heavy oil contaminated soil. This study aims to address the issues related to a series of new bioremediation technique and mechanism of biosurfactant in the soil polluted by organic compounds. Keywords: bioremediation, biosurfactant, nano-biosurfactant, soil washing



41




Samira Narimannejad1

1. MEng Student in Environmental Engineering

Abstract

In this study, ten villages within the countryside surrounding Lar city were selected and water samples were gathered from them to be analyzed with regards to physical and chemical parameters. Lar city is a hot and dry region in the Fars province of Iran. Several villages in the surrounding areas of Lar, such as many cities in other provinces, still use cisterns as their main source of fresh water. The primary way water gets into these cisterns is through rainfall. The results showed that some parameters (i.e., pH, Temperature, Alkalinity, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Turbidity) in the water of all cisterns were at appropriate levels when compared with national drinking water standards. However, other parameters, such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride, Sulfate, and Fluoride were not at the desired levels. Generally, the amount of some measured parameters, including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Magnesium hardness were above those found in the normal standard samples. Regarding the geographical location of Lar and the shortage of annual rainfall, the physical and chemical quality of some cisterns sometimes is not suitable. However, provisions can be made to improve the physical and chemical quality of water in the cisterns, leading to a relief of the water shortage problem to some exttne and provide higher quality water. Keywords: Water Quality; Sustainable Development; Rainwater; Cistern



42



Environmental Effects Monitoring in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

Yasmeen Shoker1

1. M.Eng Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

The purpose of environmental effects monitoring in offshore operations is to protect the environment by identifying, evaluating and providing solutions for negative environmental effects. A monitoring plan usually consists of predicting environmental damage caused by drilling by monitoring operations before, during and after. Constant feedback of data during the offshore activity allows engineers to apply mitigation solutions in order to make sure environmental damage is within the predetermined limits. Some sources of offshore environmental damage include produced water, drill cuttings, lights and flares, and seismic surveys. Techniques used to monitor this damage usually includes a combination of biological, chemical and ecotoxicological analysis. These techniques include biomonitoring with foraminifera and other species of interest, using ROVs to collect data samples, passive samplers, and instilling a procedure of guidelines to follow in the event of an oil spill. Keywords: Environmental Effects Monitoring, bioindicators, foraminifera, oil spill monitoring



43

SESSION 2A: Safety and Risk Engineering



44




Sayyedvahid Bamzad

MEng Student in Process Engineering

Abstract

Early detecting of faults in a process plant is important in order to prevent of happening catastrophic events which might cause deaths, economic and environmental losses. In this study, a “Bank of Kalman Filters” is used to detect and diagnose failure of sensors. “Bank of Kalman Filter” is able to exactly detect and diagnose sensor failure in a system. Residulas obtained from Kalman Filter are used to predict the probability of failure of sensor. Using “Event Tree” analysis, the probability of happening a catastrophic event is updated. For each failure scenario, consequences of happening a catastrophic event are calculated using system parameters and external factors not involved in the system. The risk of operating system under the current condition is calculated by multiplying the probability of failure and the consequences. When the risk exceed a predefined threshold, an alarm will trigger to inform the operator. Results showed that using combination of “bank of Kalman Filter” and “Event Tree” analysis improves detecting time of failure and gives operator enough time to manually fix the system. A Continuous Stirred Tank Heater is used as an example to apply the methodology. Keywords: Risk Assessment, Fault Detection, Bank of Kalman Filter, Event Tree Analysis.



45



Expert Knowledge Elicitation-based Hierarchical Bayesian Approach for Rare Accident Frequency Estimation

El-Gheriani Malak1

1. MEng Student in safety and risk Engineering

Abstract

Recently the exploration and development of Arctic region are getting more active than ever before due to the increasing demands for oil and gas supplies. Oil and gas industry in Arctic environment needs more development for the safety plans and implementation of extra risk assessments to reduce the probability of having any catastrophic accidents in such harsh environment. The most challenged problem in risk assessment is scarcity of data available, where in real world data availability are usually insufficient to perform probabilistic risk analysis. This research aims to achieve two main objectives the first objective is to provide a source of data that can be useful in cases where no enough data available or in cases where it’s difficult or expensive to perform safety measures especially in a harsh environment, the expert knowledge elicitation

can be a good source of data to arrive at the best possible results. Expert knowledge can increase

the precision of models and support decision making in a cost effective manner. The second objective is to address the uncertainty that could be exist among the data collected from experts using hierarchal Bayesian approach (HBA) which is one of the most useful techniques in probabilistic risk analysis, HBA is able to incorporate a wide variety of information types such as expert judgments in the estimation process which is lead to have more consistent estimation for the frequencies of rare accidents in comparison of conventional methods. Keywords: Rare accident frequency estimation; expert knowledge elicitation; hierarchical Bayesian approach.



46



Logistical Challenges & Risks – Long Distance, Deep Water Production Facilities

Keegan Gregory1

1. M. Eng. Student in Process Engineering

Abstract

Large field discoveries have been made in exploratory wells by Statoil and co-venturer Husky Energy in the Flemish Pass Basin, approximately 500km to the northeast offshore from St. John’s, NL at a depth of 1,100m. The Bay du Nord, Harpoon, and Mizzen discovery wells are all within 20km of each other and contain and estimated 800 million barrels. This is an exciting discovery for the oil industry in Newfoundland in general but there are some significant challenges that will need to be addressed before a production facility is up and running. This paper assesses the logistical risks and challenges presented by supporting a potential production facility at this location. The major challenge that arises from supporting a platform much further away from the coast is not only is travel time inherently increasing the safety risk, but fuel becomes a challenge. The range is within a the fuel tank limits of a large portion of industry available helicopters such as the Sikorsky S-92A, however because of the potential weather challenges 500km offshore, if a helicopter was unable to land there would be limited fuel to proceed with a safe landing at a different location. This paper assesses the fuel-distance available from currently available helicopters already servicing the area and assesses the need for new equipment or a mid-range platform. The increased range also provides new challenges for vessels, as the trip would be significantly longer and significantly further offshore. The impacts of this (further potential for issues with icebergs, larger waves at further ocean depths) are also investigated further and quantified. The results show promise for multiple options for equipment changes and safety measures for vessels and begins to assess the requirements for a mid-range platform between the Newfoundland Coast and the Flemish Pass Basin for helicopter landings and potential intermediate storage. Keywords: Logistical challenges servicing deep water production facilities; Offshore Oil and Gas safety risks; Newfoundland; fuel assessment for helicopters.



47



An Introduction of Offshore Drilling and Blowout

Islam, Md Rakibul

Abstract Offshore production fields are acting as the source of more than one third of the oil and gas which is consumed worldwide. To cope with the increasing demand of hydrocarbon, the search for oil and gas extended to the most remote offshore environment. Now a days more challenging wells are being drilled which is escalating the frequent incident of Blowout. Considering a typical offshore environment, an inclusive introduction of offshore drilling will be presented. A brief overview of the failure of numerous safety equipment and barriers leading to Blowout will be included. Keywords: not provided



48



Finite Element Modeling Of The Failure Behavior Of Pipelines

Hanwen.Liu

Meng Student in Process Engineering

Abstract

The paper introduces the serious consequence would be happened when pipeline broken to explain why it is important to predict the failure pressure of the pipeline. This paper also describes that FEM could be used to predict the failure pressure of the pipeline, and gives the attribution equation of failure pressure with different parameters of defects. Meanwhile, the different parameters of defects (d, l, n, w) have different influence on failure pressure. d has the most influence , l and n has the secondary influence, w almost has no influence on pressure. Above also be proved through parameter sensitivity analysis on the new developed model that would be referred in the following. Through comparing the failure pressure results got by DNV model, B31G model and FEM, found the two traditional models were conservative. Analyzing the reason of why the old models are conservative to define that the old models did not consider “n” as a failure

factor. So revising the old DNV and B31G model into the new ones by using MATLAB（multiple

linear regression. Then using these two new developed models, the failure pressure could be predicted precisely as FEM does , and it could also be generally used in the industry. Keywords: corroded pipeline, FEM, failure pressure, DNV, B31G model



49

SESSION 2B: Renewable Energies – Part 2



50



Induced stresses and morphing potential of a wind turbine blade

M. Masoudi1


Abstract

Changing the angle of attack of blades is a commercially used method to adjust wind turbines to varying wind conditions. Currently, it is being done by complex active control systems which are expensive and at the same time, cause parasitic power loss to the system. Recent researches has found that passive changes to the angle of attack are possible with shape shifting technologies and aeroelastic tailoring is a promising method. In aeroelastic tailoring the shape of the structure deforms to benefit the system in the new working condition. As the speed of the wind varies, the airfoil pitch and chamber will vary as a result of local forces and moments to adjust the blade angle of attack to the new wind condition. Benefiting from aeroelastic tailoring, a blade can have a built-in pitch control feature that not only eliminates the cost and complexity of active control systems, but also has the potential to smooth rapid changes in rotor speed. However, a suitable modulus for each airfoil used in a blade must be found. Computer modeling can provide insights on how a blade morphs in different wind conditions. A sophisticated FEA-CFD coupled model is needed to provide a database of wind speeds and consequent deformations and then, different modulus fields can be tested to find the suitable deformation. As a first step, a Finite Element Analysis of a wind turbine blade has been done. Wind loads are imposed using a pressure coefficient curve of the airfoil. The deformations and stresses of airfoil NACA0012 are found for different speeds of the wind. Keywords: wind turbine; pitch angle; passive control; aeroelastic tailoring; finite element analysis.



51



Integration of wind turbine to electrical system

Younes Salami

MSC student in electrical engineering department

Abstract Wind turbines, as an electrical recourses, are widely used in electrical system. Nowadays, wind farms, connected to electrical system, produce a considerable amount of energy consumed in the network. With a high growth in electric consumption through the world, renewable resources are a practical solution considering technical and environmental constraints regarding traditional energy production. Wind farms effects on power system behavior are the main interest for researcher in this area. Power quality is one of the most important subjects in electrical systems. Wind turbines which connected to network may influence the power quality. Power quality depends on the mutual influences of network and wind turbines. I did my last master thesis to find out the influence of wind turbine equipped with induction generator on power system quality. In this presentation, the traditional electrical system will be explained discussing limitations and constraints of electrical generation. Wind turbine, as a solution to mitigate future need of energy, will be explained briefly both mechanically and electrically. All kind of wind turbines will be demonstrated ,considering their influence on power quality. Wind energy advantages and disadvantages will be highlighted. Keywords: Wind turbine, Induction generator, Electrical power system, power quality



52



Sizing Photovoltaic System

Mahmud Sasi1

1- MEng student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract

This paper will discuss the entire system of photovoltaic energy in terms of components of this system and how do they work. The aim of this paper is to explain how to design PV system for small use, especially for homes to be as a guide for any person who interested in electric energy. Due to the concerns of fossil fuel, which is proved recently affect the environment, many researches focus on renewable energy and try to make it as the main source of energy. Photovoltaic energy for example is the one of renewable energy types, which will be studied in this paper. Thereby, the PV system has become very popular of use in many regions in the world, particularly in remote places. Accordingly, in this paper the work of PV itself will be illustrated besides the complements of the system, which are represented in charge controller, batteries, dc-ac inverters and finally loads (appliances, electronic devices, etc.). Additionally, the factors that affect the performance of PV system such as temperature, shading, dust and the efficiency of each part of the complete system must be taken into account in order to estimate the electric power losses in the system and try to compensate them by using some techniques of control system to get the desired performance of PV system. So more details will be mentioned in this paper to identify each part of the system separately. Keywords: Photovoltaic system; renewable energy; Remote Places; complete system



53



Overview of Small Signal Stability Analysis for Power System with Doubly Fed Induction Generators

Jiabin Shen1

1. MEng Student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Currently, wind power is a key player in renewable energy market. With the increasing number of wind generators connected into power system, the small signal stability of power system will be affected. Thus, it is important to understand what kinds of influence wind energy will have on power system small signal stability. Few works have been done in this area. This paper will give an overview of previous literature on impact of wind power on power system small signal stability. Different wind power generators will be introduced and classified, and this paper will focus on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), as it constitutes around 55% of the total mark share. Different kinds of Models of DFIG and its control methods will be investigated. Previous literature will be summarized and presented for this purpose. Various researches have been down in modeling and simulating DFIGs. Both the steady and dynamic model will be discussed to provide an insight into the DFIG. Previous works on small signal stability analysis for power system with DFIGs will be summarized in this paper. Different analysis methods will be compared and discussed. The results and conclusions are summarized to give an overview of the power system small signal stability with increasing integration of DFIGs. Keywords: Wind power; Doubly fed induction generator; Small signal stability; Steady and dynamic model.



54



Gas to Liquefaction technologies in Process System

Prakash Bahadur Thapa

Abstract

In this paper we are discusses of more challenges to development of LNG and Floating LNG plants for the exploitation of offshore and onshore natural gas fields processing system. I look at the LNG liquefaction process in natural gas in the mechanical integrity of the coil wound heat exchanger (CWHE), and the impact of vessel motion on the coil wound heat exchanger to performance for mixed refrigerant (MR) based liquefaction processes. Development of the large compressor loaded expanders (compounders) for nitrogen-refrigerant based liquefaction processes in FLNG in this paper we will discuss about the FLNG process system. The key decision factor is how to development of the FLNG plant and too selected of the liquefaction process cycle. The air Products has evaluated liquefaction process cycles for FLNG applications, including Single MR (SMR), Dual MR (DMR), Nitrogen (N2) recycle, and N2 recycle with Hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) precooling. These processes are as well as advantages and disadvantages of the process system. The production air Products systems is building on the success of the Air Products AP-X ® LNG Process applied on the mega-trains in the around the world by leveraging the design of the AP-X stainless steel coil wound heat exchanger sub cooler to serve as the basis for marinated exchangers for FLNG, and to development of the large refrigeration compounders to FLNG cycles. The FLNG service we provide the two-phase process system, including the Coil wound heat exchanger (CWHE) employing liquid refrigerants system to the subject of performance impacts due to the motion of the floating vessel system. Air Products has completed an extensive research and development program to understand and predict these motion effects so that they may be adequate accounted for in the overall liquefaction design and processing system. Keywords: not provided.



55

SESSION 2C: Electrical Engineering



56



Adaptive Impedance matching for wireless power applications

Justin Blackwood1

1. M. Eng Student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Wireless power has been a topic of interest at an acadmeic level ever since the days of Tikola Tesla (early 1900’s). The invention of more modern power electronics renewed interest in the area starting in the 1990’s and now in more recent years the initial commercialization of the technology has begun. As the development efforts have switched from theoretical to practical, issues such as coping with the need to maintain efficienct power transfer with a system consisting of mobile transmitter and receiver units have arisen. To tackle this challange, a circuit (or circuits) must be devised to maintain the power transfer over various positions in a dynamic nature. This is where the need for adaptive impedance matching comes in. There are various methods to control the impedance of a wireless power system which can be optimized for each situation. Power level, required range of motion and frequency spectrum limitations are just a few factors to consider when designing an impednace matching system for a wireless power system. This presentation will give a brief background on wireless power transfer technologies, discuss the challange posed by mobile transmitter and recever units and finally, describe various methods to acheive an apadtive impedance matching circuit. Keywords: Wireless power, Impedance matching, frequency tracking.



57



The Development of an Acoustic Sea Ice Thickness Measurement System and Technique

Shuo Li

MEng Student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract

Recently, as Arctic climate changes, sea ice which is an important component of Arctic coastal environment becomes more dangerous and unpredictable. Many human activities such as mining and on-ice travelling are confined by unknown sea ice situation. This paper reports a development of an acoustic sea ice thickness measurement sensor system which will be safe and easy to deploy and perform with acceptable accuracy and repeatability on first year sea ice with thickness between 5 to 50 cm. The development is applying acoustic Non-Destructive-Testing (NDT) techniques to test first year sea ice including significant amounts of enclosed air bubbles and brine pockets. Several identical piezoelectric transducers are tightly placed on smoothed sea ice surface using appropriate couplant to emit and receive acoustic signals. Besides seeing a detectable reflection from the ice-water interface, the receiving signal also shows significant energy being reflected from entrained air bubbles. Based on the assumption of randomly distributed bubbles, the desired reflection from sea ice-seawater interface can be extracted, through sampling the sea-ice in multiple locations. From sufficient experiment results tested in Memorial University cold room, this method has been proved to be feasible and reliable in lab environment. Keywords: sea ice; thickness; acoustic; transducer.



58



A Method for Soil Moisture Retrieval in Vegetated Areas Using Multi-Frequency Data Considering Different kinds of Interaction in Different

Frequencies

S. Mahdavi1, Y. Maghsoudi2, S. Dehnavi3

1. MEng Student in Electrical Engineering, Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada 2. Assistant Professor, K. N. T University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3. PhD Student in Remote Sensing, K. N. T University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

A method is presented for soil moisture retrieval which is based on considering different kinds of interaction of radar electromagnetic waves in different frequencies. A vegetation index was defined and a relationship was developed between the index and C-HH backscatter. Then, the effect of vegetation from L-band backscatter in HH and VV polarizations was removed by using the index and soil moisture was retrieved by Dubois model inversion. Average of error absolute values was 0.0431. Keywords: Soil Moisture, Vegetated Areas, Multi-frequency data



59



Harmonic reduction in Direct Current-to-Alternating Current Inverter

Fathi Mosbah

MEng Student in Electrical Engineering

Abstract Harmonics in power systems result in increased heating in the equipment and conductors, misfiring in variable speed drives, and torque pulsations in motors. Reduction of harmonics is considered desirable where the objective is to produce a sinusoidal ac output whose magnitude and frequency can be both controlled. DC to AC inverters are used in ac-motor drives and uninterruptible power supplies. This paper presents simulation of a full bridge DC to AC inverter with its control to achieve AC current with fewer harmonics by using PLECS software. Reducing the harmonics content of the ac port voltage or current is one of the most difficult challenges of dc/ac converter design. Harmonics not only reduce the power factor of the ac port, but also interfere with proper operation of the converter or other equipment by appearing as noise in control circuit. The overall efficiency of the inverter depends on a high degree on the number of switching elements in the current path. The control of the switches in a dc/ac converter is more often to achieve active harmonic reduction. A several ways are simulated in PLECS to reduce some harmonics without using any filter. Keywords: not provided.



60



OPTICAL FIBER

Esam Shafah

Abstract

The idea of this presentation is to give an overview on fiber-optic communication. The most important devices for fiber optic transmission systems are presented, and their properties discussed. In particular we consider such systems working with those basic components which are necessary to explain the principle of operation. Among them is the optical transmitter, consisting of a light source, typically a high speed driven laser diode. Furthermore, the optical receiver has to be mentioned; it consists of a photo diode and a low noise high bit rate front-end amplifier. Yet, in the focus of the considerations you will find the optical fiber as the dominant element in optical communication systems. Different fiber types are presented. Furthermore, optical communication systems are also used for application areas, e g, in medical field. Keywords: fiber-optic; communication system; photodiode; transmitter; receiver; noise; bit rate.



61

SESSION 2D: Mechanical Engineering – Part 2



62



Internal Combustion Engine Application

Aimen Marrah1


Abstract

An engine or a motor is a machine designed to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Heat engines, including internal-combustion engines and external combustion engines (such as steam engines) burn fuel to create heat, which then creates a force. Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion; pneumatic motors use compressed air and others—such as clockwork motors in wind-up toys—use elastic energy. In biological systems, molecular motors, like myosins in muscles, use chemical energy to create forces and eventually motion. The word “engine” derives from an Old French “engin”, from the Latin “ingenium- the root as the word ingenious. Pre-industrial weapons of war suck as catapults, trebuchets, and battling rams were called “siege engines." Furthermore, instructions on how to make them were treated like military secrets. All in all, most of the mechanical devices created in the industrial revolution were considered engines (a notable example being the steam engine). Engines nowadays play a very big role in our everyday life, and we largely depend on them. Engines are largely used in transportation (cars, airplanes, trains, etc.) and power generation. In this presentation, I am going to talk about the various types of engines, their respective structure, and how they work. I will also talk about the important ones like cooling systems, lubrication systems, and fuel systems. Keywords: Engine. Lubrication. Piston. Crankshaft. Engine block.



63



Fluid flow modelling of a small bi-directional tidal turbine

M. Bashir


Abstract

Concern for finding alternative energy sources has increased in recent years, causing energy experts and electrical engineers to re-evaluate some kinds of renewable energy, in order to address many issues such as the risks of anthropogenic climate change, the increase of base load energy demand, the cost and the efficiency. However, despite the fact that these types of new energy could have adverse effects on human health and the environment, hydroelectric power should never be the less a part of the energy mix in order to fill the shortfall in energy demand. In fact, Hydrokinetic technologies produce renewable electricity by harnessing the kinetic energy of a body of water, the energy that results from its motion. Since water is 832 times denser than air, our tides, waves, ocean currents, and free-flowing rivers represent an untapped, powerful, highly concentrated and clean energy resource. The study for an alternative energy source has become one of the most important priorities in the energy industry. Further, the force of moving water has many advantages compared to the conventional sources of energy; hydroelectric power is also making one of the best options as an alternative source of energy. Hydroelectric power is also one of the safest most sustainable sources of energy compared to other sources of energy, such as coal or petroleum. It is also more environmentally friendly, with fewer consequences on human health. Moreover the hydropower is the technology that should be accelerated, promoted, and relied upon, and it should be a part of the energy mix to mitigate and meet the energy needs in the future. As well, hydropower is considered a safe and reliable energy source. Keywords: Renewable energy, Hydrokinetic, moving water, environmentally friendly, reliable energy source.



64



Ballista Modeling Using Microsoft Excel and Matlab for First Year Engineering Education

B. Peach1

1. M. Eng Student in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

This paper presents the development of a ballista themed final project for a pilot first year engineering course. The summary aim of the course is to teach Microsoft Excel and Matlab through use of meaningful yet accessible technical assignments. For the ballista project, students were required to design a simple numerical computer model to link the launch and trajectory of a projectile to calculate launch settings required to hit targets at measured spatial coordinates. In preparation for the final project, mechanics instruction was offered in topics of conservation of mechanical energy and projectile motion including tabulation of drag using simple numerical integration. A score based competition was designed where students assembled a moderately sized (1ft x 1ft x 1ft) ballista prototype to launch 1.25” diameter spherical wooden balls at a castlelike structure at a range of 15 to 20 feet. Precise coordinates of targets were not set until the competition day meaning that robust computer models were required that could perform live calculations. Students were also expected to practice with their model and prototype to develop experimental-based model corrections to account for discrepancies in theoretical and actual trajectories. This hands-on learning competition based project was inspired from a complicated first year robot-themed project in a prior course offering. Plans to measure the effectiveness of the project include surveying student engagement and satisfaction levels and comparing the results to surveys of past students who participated in the robot-themed competition. It is anticipated that the newer students will report more positive results. Keywords: first-year engineering, engineering education, student engagement, projectile motion, introduction to computer modelling, Microsoft Excel, Matlab.



65



Modeling the dynamic behaviour of cable and utility poles under mechanical excitation

Plínio Ferreira Pinto1


Abstract

This work has the objective of generating a model for the study of the dynamic interaction of an electric cable attached to a utility pole when the pole is subjected to mechanical excitation. This is done to understand how the cables attached to utility poles dynamically interact and how it would cause changes on the vibration frequencies associated to the pole alone. In addition, this study wants to provide some insights over how the attachment to the pole would change, or shift, the frequency spectrum and the modal damping associated with the natural frequencies of the pole. This is done by first discretizing the cable model using the lumped segmentation method. Then, the lumped segments are implemented in a bond graph format using the commercial software 20 Sim. The response of the cable model is analyzed for static and dynamic behaviour providing the basis for the simulation of a cable attached to a model of circular wooden pole. The simulation using the model of the cable and the model of the pole presented that there is dynamic interaction between then both with the cable introducing many other new frequencies into the system, mainly in the low frequency range, from 19 to 50 Hz. Keywords: Cables; lumped segments; dynamic analysis; bond graph.



66



Characterization of Phase Change Materials With Nanoparticles

Saydam Vahit1


Abstract

The application of phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal energy storage systems has been investigated by researchers for several decades. Although PCMs possess high latent heat storage capacity, major issues such as low thermal conductivity and stabilization have always restricted its usage as energy storage. There are several ways to enhance thermophysical properties of PCMs, such as inserting metallic fins, matrix structure or highly conductive materials. In this study, the issues associated with PCMS are to be addressed by dispersing nanoparticles into PCMs. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in various amounts will be scattered in paraffin wax by magnetic stirring followed by ultrasonication. The change in thermophysical properties; latent heat capacity and thermal conductivity will be measured using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal conductive analyzer respectively. Correlations regarding thermal conductivity of solid and liquid phases at different temperatures are to be developed based on the experimental data. It is expected that stabilized and improved thermal conductivity of nanoparticle dispersed PCMs will increase the efficiency of thermal energy storage systems and thereby contribute to energy conservation. . Keywords: Energy storage, phase change materials, thermal conductivity, carbon nanotubes, paraffin wax



67

SESSION 2E: Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering – Part 2



68



Motions Analysis during LNG Bunkering Operations

C. Martin1


Abstract

As MARPOL implements increasingly stricter environmental regulations controlling air pollution and LNG prices become more favorable, it is expected that LNG will become the marine fuel of the future. In consequence, LNG bunkering vessels will likely become a popular means of refueling ships. This study examines the seakeeping motion characteristics of a side-by-side bunking operation between a LNG bunker vessel and a generic cargo ship. Through subjecting the vessels to a wide range of wave conditions using numerical simulations, their response amplitudes and added mass and damping coefficients were determined. The results indicate that the bunkering vessel has a higher susceptibility to interaction effects of the tanker. For a wave frequency of approximately 0.6 rad/s the bunker vessel experiences higher than expected motions which is likely attributed to a negative added mass coefficient. This phenomena is most likely connected to the Helmholtz Resonance effect at which point a standing wave forms between the vessels. This standing wave causes an oscillating force which ultimately amplifies the vessel’s amplitude of motion. This is an important design consideration for ensuring safety during side-by-side bunkering operations. Keywords: LNG bunkering, ship-to-ship interaction, seakeeping, WAMIT, RAO, added mass, Helmholtz Resonance.



69



Design of a Disaster Relief Ship

Edward Moakler1

1 M.Eng. Student in Ocean and Naval Architectural Engineering

Abstract

Over the past 50 years the number and severity of natural disasters has increased as the global population continues to grow. Many of the countries that are most affected by natural disasters do not have the resources or infrastructure to deal with the aftermath. Current methods of disaster relief fall short during the mid-to-long stages of relief. This presentation will briefly review natural disaster trends over the past few decades, the location of these disasters, and the current processes and issues with relief efforts. A concept design was developed for a 300m length ship to provide middle stage relief to coastal nations. The proposed design addresses all of the current short-comings of current relief efforts such as heavy equipment, potable water and food transportation as well as search and rescue/hospital operations. Initial structural and mechanical designs/layouts have been developed and proven satisfactory by DNV classification specifications. The design also considers the economics of such a vessel as well as the operational constraints for a large ship. Keywords: disaster relief; ship design; DNV



70



Investigations into Wave Resistance and Global Hydrodynamics Coefficient Prediction for the Medium-Speed Systematic Series

(MESSS)

Pragyandeep Sahoo1


Abstract

Reliable methods to predict the resistance performance and seakeeping characteristics form the basic tools for the preliminary hydrodynamic design of all vessels. One important problem of ship design is the prediction of wave-making resistance, as ir has a direct relation to the ship’s speed and form parameters. The second important problem is that the overall performance in an ocean environment for a given vessel depends on its seakeeping performance. The goals of this investigation were to find a relationship between key variables, using regression analyses, for the prediction of the wave resistance coefficient, 103CW for a given vessel form, and the prediction of the Global Hydrodynamic Coefficients: A33; B33; C33; C35 and C53; and C55. The Medium-Speed Systematic Series (MESSS) was generated through the systematic variation of a given number of non-dimensional parameters (namely, L/B, B/T, and CB) of the parent hull forms. The well known Holtrop (1984) resistance prediction method was utilized in developing an improved wave resistance prediction method. Two resistance prediction equations were developed through the use of regression analyses from wave resistance data generated using the Holtrop (1984) method. The new equations predict wave resistance between the Froude numbers 0.100 – 0.650 for the MESSS series. Strip theory as developed by Salvesen, Tuck and Faltinsen (1970), a two-dimensional method of computing hydrodynamic coefficients and considered reasonably accurate for practical ship motions, was utilized in determining the seakeeping characteristics. Each MESSS hull form was analyzed in sea state conditions 2 – 6 between Froude numbers 0.100 – 0.650 and different heading angles. The goal was to identify the key variables for the prediction of added mass, damping, and hydrodynamic restoring force coefficients for the given systematic series parameter range through regression analysis. Regression equations were successfully developed for the global hydrodynamic coefficients: A33; B33; C33, and C55. Keywords: Global Hydrodynamic Coefficients; Medium Speed; Monohull; Regression; Resistance.



71

SESSION 2F: Computer Engineering



72




Mohamed Abdelpakey1

1. MEng Student in Electrical and Computer Engineering

Abstract A smart camera is a stand-alone vision system which acquires images and executes image analysis algorithms on-board that can be useful in many intelligent video applications. However designing a smart camera is a very challenging task due to the limited processing power and memory. This paper presents a smart camera prototype based on a single board computer (SBC) that utilizes the Snapdragon microprocessor, dual image signal processors (ISPs), and a hexagon digital signal processor (DSP) all on one single board. The prototype of the smart camera also uses an ACC-1H30 image acquisition module, Android operating system, and the LLVM compiler. The smart camera prototype has been implemented to support rapid testing of different on-board automatic target recognition algorithms especially in the area of surveillance systems. it converts the input data to knowledge through processing information and output not only image or video stream but also semantic information about the content of the images. Smart camera performs application specific information processing (ASIP) therefore, it called 'smart'. Usually the objective of smart cameras not to produce high quality images but to understand the details throughout the image. The results showed that the suggested hardware architecture can work as a good base for future Improvements in the field of image processing, especially in recognition, detection algorithms and real time surveillance systems. Keywords: Smart Camera; SBC; Object detection; Object recognition.



73



Swarm Robotics

John Hawley

1. MEng Student in Computer Engineering

Abstract This presentation outlines the basic principles of swarm robotics, some problems that are currently being studied in this field as well as possible applications of swarm robotics. Swarm robotics is the study of a group of robots where each individual is simplistic but the entire group can give rise to much more complex behavior. Swarm robotics is heavily based on social insect groups where it is common to see individuals with relatively simple roles such as the finding of food or the building of a small section of a nest that give rise to complex colonies. Common problems in the field include the study of aggregation, path finding and flocking or formation movement. Possible applications for swarm robotics range from establishing communications networks, to construction, environmental sensing or disaster relief. Keywords: swarm robotics; bio-inspired computing; swarm aggregation.



74



The Process and Implications of the Deanonymization of Data and Identifying People

D. Juteau1


Abstract

This presentation is an analysis and summary of the effectiveness of anonymizing personal information. The presentation will look into how anonymized data can be deanonymized using different methods, and what these results mean for different industries. Research was completed on deanonymization to get a better understanding of what is required to truly anonymized data, specifically personal information. This study will be a basis for any future research into deanonymizing data and used to create a better understanding for how anonymization must be implemented to be effective. Research into this topic found that very little personal information is needed about an individual to anonymized their information and discover personal information that is supposedly anonymous. If there are multiple sources releasing anonymous information that contain some links it can become easy to anonymized the data to an individual name. This means that any industry that relies on anonymous statistics must be very cautious when using or releasing anonymous personal information. Government statistics agencies must also be aware of the possible breach of privacy when releasing information such as census data. There are many different statistics that are being publicized, such as anonymous patient medical information, and these statistics along with current public information, such as voting lists, can lead to deanonymization. Keywords: Deanonymization, Security.



75



Structural Health Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey and Implications

Adam Noel1


Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have increasingly attracted research interest due to their potential application in the monitoring of structural health. Historically accomplished through the installation of wired sensors, WSNs have a number of advantages such as easier installation, grid independence, easier maintenance and an overall reduction in installation cost. In this paper a review on research progress in the application of WSNs to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is outlined. First, background information about SHM is summarized such that the requirements for WSNs are understood. Next, the main challenges in adopting WSN in SHM are outlined including scalability, reliability and placement. Then, various design issues and how they relate to the resolution of the above challenges are explored such as routing protocols, network architecture and data processing techniques. Finally, future research directions are outlined. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Structural Health Monitoring, Survey



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Implementation of Hand Hygiene Monitoring System

Ahmed Soliman1


Abstract

This presentation aims to deliver some of the technical aspects behind the implementation of the system. The system intends to track the practitioner actions inside the room, gather useful information and forward these information to a server where several analysis could be done. This system is developed to aid a research hosted by the Infection prevention and control program at the Eastern Health. The system is based on Bluetooth Low Energy standard to perform the in-door localization and the transmission of data to the server. The system consists of a sensor tag: that would be worn by the practitioner and runs a BLE Central profile and a BLE Broadcaster profile, BLE Broadcaster beacons installed at different locations in the room, and a server. The sensor tag measures the received signal strength and the battery level of each available beacon and apply a localization algorithm to identify the behavior of the practitioner. The core of the system is CC2650 system on a chip which can be programmed to perform different BLE roles. The output of the current prototype of the system is working, but further tests should be made to test its reliability in real environment. Keywords: hygiene monitoring; Bluetooth low energy; indoor localization.

Documents

2015 Graduate Student Symposium_Final