2016 Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Disease Update · 2017-06-28 · Field Crops Pathology 2016 White Mold Fungicide Efficacy Trial (Hancock WI) Disease Incidence (%) Disease Severity Index

Field Crops Pathology

2016 Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Disease Update

Damon Smith, Scott Chapman, and Brian Mueller

University of Wisconsin-Madison


Top Diseases of 2016

• Northern Corn Leaf Blight• Anthracnose stalk rot• Goss’s wilt


2016 Fungicide Efficacy TrialStalkrotRating(Illinois1-5)

NCLB Severity(%)

Greening(%)

Lodging(%)

Ear Rot(%)

Yield(bu/a)

HeadlineAMP10floz(VT) 2.3 1.3 15.0 0.3 0.6 237.9EXP1(VT) 2.6 1.4 15.0 0.0 0.8 232.3Preemptor5floz(V6+VT) 2.2 0.3 13.1 0.0 1.2 232.1Fortix5.0floz(VT) 2.2 2.3 10.6 0.0 0.2 229.6QuiltXcel10.5floz (V6) 3.0 0.1 10.6 0.0 1.2 228.8TrivaProA4.1floz(VT)+TrivaProB10.5floz(VT) 2.4 1.5 11.3 0.0 1.8 228.2Non-TreatedControl 3.3 1.2 4.4 0.0 1.8 228.1HeadlineAMP10floz(V12) 2.9 1.1 3.1 0.3 0.7 225.7Affiance6.8floz(VT) 2.9 3.0 6.9 0.0 4.0 225.0TrivaProA4.1floz(V6)+TrivaProB10.5floz(V6) 2.6 0.2 8.8 0.0 0.5 225.0Preemptor5floz(VT) 2.8 1.2 6.3 0.0 0.2 223.0QuiltXcel10.5floz(V12) 2.3 1.0 9.0 0.0 1.1 221.0StrategoYLD2floz(VT) 2.8 1.1 6.3 0.0 3.1 220.0EXP2(VT) 2.3 1.3 6.9 0.0 5.5 218.1Priaxor5floz(V6) 2.2 1.3 10.0 0.0 0.1 217.1TrivaProA4.1floz(V12)+TrivaProB10.5floz(V12) 3.1 0.3 8.1 0.0 0.9 215.1AproachPrima6.8floz(V12+VT) 2.7 0.4 10.6 0.0 0.5 213.9HelmstarPlus10.8floz(VT) 2.8 1.6 11.5 0.0 0.4 211.6Preemptor5floz(V12) 2.5 0.4 11.9 0.0 0.1 211.5Priaxor5floz(V12) 2.6 0.3 8.0 0.0 0.5 211.4HeadlineAMP10floz(V6) 2.4 0.4 8.8 0.0 0.7 211.3QuiltXcel10.5floz(VT) 2.6 0.9 11.3 0.3 0.9 209.9Priaxor5floz(VT) 2.3 1.2 9.4 0.0 0.3 208.8ZoleraFX3.34SC5floz(VT) 3.6 1.8 5.3 0.0 0.4 208.4Custodia12.9floz(VT) 2.8 1.0 8.1 0.0 1.3 188.9

F-Value 0.87 1.51 1.21 0.0 1.01 1.33Pr>F ns ns ns ns ns ns

Break-even scenarios for corn(bushels needed to cover cost)

CornPrice($/bu)

CostPerFungicideApplication($/A)

$10.00 $12.00 $14.00 $16.00 $18.00 $22.00 $24.00

$2.00 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 12.0

$3.00 3.3 4.0 4.7 5.3 6.0 7.3 8.0

$4.00 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0

$5.00 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.4 4.8

$6.00 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.7 4.0

$7.00 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.1 3.4

$8.00 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.8 3.0

OriginalFormulationsGenericFormulations


What about the Probability of Positive Return on Investment

(ROI) when using Fungicide on Corn?


Wisconsin Dataset• 4 years of field data at Arlington Wisconsin (2013-2016)• Used observations for Pre-Mix Fungicide Products Only

(DMI + Strobilurins)– Most popular products being sprayed on corn – Had the largest number of observations over the three-

year period • Used Single-Application Trials Only

– V6, V8, or VT (No computed difference in chance of yield increase at the various timings)

– Total of 51 replicated treatment observations• Looked at

– Frequency distributions– Mean yield advantage– Considered variation across a field– Calculated Odds of a Positive ROI

-25.0

-15.0

-5.0

5.0

15.0

25.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

YieldDiffe

renceRe

lativeToth

eNon

-Treated

Che

ck

(bu/a)

Yield Difference Compared to Not-Treating for 51 Treatments

MeanDifference:0.8bu/aP=0.57

-NoConfidenceinthismeanbeingdifferentfrom0-Frequencyofpositives=47%

Effect of Disease Level Highly Significant on Yield Response to Fungicide

-25

-15

-5

5

15

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

YieldDiffe

renceRe

lativeto

theNon

-Treated

Che

ck

(bu/a)

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

YieldDiffe

renceRe

lativeto

theNon

-Treated

Che

ck

(bu/a)

FoliarDisease<5%FrequencyofPositives=31%MeanYield=-4.4(SE=1.9)P=0.01(Yieldgaingenerallynegative)

FoliarDisease>5%FrequencyofPositives=74%MeanYield=5.4(SE=1.5)P<0.01(Yieldgainsignificantlyhigherthan0)

0

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30

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50

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90

100

$10.00 $12.00 $14.00 $16.00 $18.00 $20.00 $22.00 $24.00 $26.00 $28.00 $30.00Prob

abilityofR

ecoveringtheFungicideAp

plicationCo

st

(%)

FungicideApplicationCost

$2.00/bu $3.00/bu $4.00/bu $5.00/bu $6.00/bu

Probability Of Recovering the Cost of A Fungicide Application Under Low Foliar Disease Pressure

10-20%ChanceofRecoveringCostsUsingLow-priced(Generic)FungicideintheCurrentMarket

Probability Of Recovering the Cost of A Fungicide Application Under High Foliar Disease Pressure

0

10

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100

$10.00 $12.00 $14.00 $16.00 $18.00 $20.00 $22.00 $24.00 $26.00 $28.00 $30.00Prob

abilityofR

ecoveringtheFungicideAp

plicationCo

st

($)

FungicideApplicationCost

$2.00/bu $3.00/bu $4.00/bu $5.00/bu $6.00/bu

50-65%ChanceofRecoveringCostsUsingLow-priced(Generic)FungicideintheCurrentMarket


Summary• Foliar diseases can rob yield on corn in

Wisconsin (e.g. NCLB)• Fungicide application in fields where foliar

disease pressure is high = high odds of recovering the fungicide cost in the current market

• Fungicide application in fields where foliar disease pressure is low = low odds of recovering the fungicide cost in the current market

• Scout before VT and make a decision about disease level – VT/R1 application is recommended if disease is becoming active


2016 Soybean Disease Update

Damon Smith, Scott Chapman, and Brian Mueller



Top Diseases of 2016

• White Mold• Sudden Death Syndrome• Stem Canker• Brown Stem Rot• Phytophthora root and stem rot


Fall 2016 White Mold Fungicide Break-Even Scenarios

$30.00 $35.00 $40.00 $45.00$7.00 4.3 5.0 5.7 6.4$8.00 3.8 4.4 5.0 5.6$9.00 3.3 3.9 4.4 5.0

$10.00 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5$11.00 2.7 3.2 3.6 4.1

Bushelsofsoybeansneededtocoverthecostofafungicideapplicationatvariousfungicideandsoybeanpricescenarios

*Fungicidepricealongtoprow;soybeanpricealongleftcolumn


2016 White Mold Fungicide Efficacy Trial (Hancock WI)

Disease Incidence(%)

DiseaseSeverityIndex(0-100)

Yield(bu/a)

YieldAdvantageOverNon-treatedControl (bu/a)

Aproach9.09.0floz(R1+R3) 3.7 20.8cd 82.5 7.6Endura6oz(R1)+Priaxor4.0floz(R3) 3.5 17.0cd 81.9 7.0Endura8oz(R1)- PositiveControl 3.9 20.3cd 79.2 4.3Priaxor4.0floz(R1)+Endura6.0floz(R1) 3.0 17.2cd 78.5 3.6Domark5floz(R1) 6.2 33.6abc 78.4 3.5Domark4floz(R3)+Topsin-M0.75lbs(R3) 3.0 21.4cd 78.0 3.1Priaxor4.0floz+Domark4.0floz(R1) 7.4 44.7a 77.8 2.9Endura6oz(R1) 3.6 18.9cd 77.2 2.3Domark5floz(R3) 6.9 30.3abc 77.1 2.2Topsin-M0.75lbs(R1) 2.6 16.1cd 76.2 1.4Non-treatedcontrol 6.9 32.2abc 74.9 0.0Domark4floz(R1)+Topsin-M0.75lbs(R1) 7.1 35.3abc 74.9 (0.0) Cobra6.0floz(R1)+Endura8.0oz(R1) 2.7 13.6bcd 72.9 (2.0) Vida0.5floz+Domark5floz(R3) 1.4 7.8d 72.1 (2.8)

F-value 1.33 2.05 1.54Pr>F ns 0.03 ns


2016 Fungicide Application Timing for White Mold Control (Hancock WI)

Disease Incidence(%)

DiseaseseverityIndex(0-100)

Yield(bu/a)

YieldAdvantageOverthenon-treatedControl(bu/a)

Aproach9.0floz(R1+R3)[StandardCheck] 10.2de 30.8f 77.0a 16.0Endura8.0oz(R3) 6.8e 20.2g 75.3ab 14.4Aproach9.0floz(R3) 15.0 b-d 45.2de 72.5abc 11.6Endura8.0oz(R1)[StandardCheck] 14.3cd 37.1ef 68.6bcd 7.6Proline5.0floz(R4) 21.0abc 66.1abc 68.5bcd 7.5Proline5.0floz(R3) 15.9bcd 47.5cde 66.4cde 5.4Aproach9.0floz(R5) 20.0ac 49.1be 66.0 c-f 5.0Aproach9.0floz(R4) 25.3ab 67.1ab 62.9 d-g 1.9Endura6.0oz(V5) 22.5abc 51.9be 61.7 e-g 0.8Aproach9.0floz(V5) 24.2abc 54.5bcd 61.6 e-g 0.6Non-TreatedControl 25.6ab 62.5 a-d 61.0 e-g 0.0Endura8.0oz(R4) 32.1a 77.0a 60.8 e-g (0.2) Endura8.0oz(R5) 30.1a 64.5abc 60.3 e-g (0.7) Proline5.0floz(R1) 25.2ab 66.3abc 59.7fg (1.3) Proline5.0floz(R5) 25.3ab 56.9 a-d 59.0g (2.0) Aproach9.0floz(R1) 33.0a 68.2ab 57.2g (3.8)

F- value 4.97 8.63 6.11Pr>F <0.01 <0.01 <0.01


What was the response to fungicide in the absence of white mold?

SeptoriaBrownSpotSeverity(%)

Yield(bu/a)

YieldAdvantageovertheNon-treatedControl

(bu/a)StrategoYLD4.0floz(R3) 6.7de 72.7 4.1AproachPrima6.8floz(R3) 11.5 a-d 70.6 2.1Preemptor5.0floz(R3)+Hero5.0floz(R3) 11.6a-d 70.3 1.8TrivaproA4.1floz(R3)+TrivaproB10.5floz(R3) 7.4de 70.2 1.6TopguardEQ5.0floz(R3) 10.1cd 69.8 1.3Headline12.0floz(R3) 2.0f 69.6 1.1Priaxor4.0floz(R3) 3.8ef 68.9 0.4Non-TreatedControl 18.1a 68.5 0.0QuiltXcel10.5floz(R3) 8.2d 68.2 (0.4) TopguardEQ5.0FLOZ/AR3;Hero5.0FLOZ/AR3 6.6de 67.7 (0.8) QuadrisTop8.0floz(R3) 11.6 a-d 67.6 (1.0) TrivaproA4.1floz(R1)+TrivaproB10.5floz(R1) 17.3ab 67.6 (1.0) Aproach9.0floz(R1) 14.8abc 67.3 (1.3) Quadris6.0floz(R3) 8.6d 66.5 (2.1)Preemptor5.0floz(R3) 10.9bcd 65.7 (2.9) ZoleraFX3.34SC5.0floz(R3) 9.8cd 62.2 (6.3)

F-value 5.1 0.98Pr>F <0.01 ns

2016 White Mold Model Validations

• Web-based model accessible through iPiPE

• Interpreted model output available to growers

• Model validation in research trials and grower fields throughout IA, MI, and WI

Field Locations Scouted


Wisconsin Validation Results• 20 grower fields were scouted for apothecia during the

R1-R4 growth stages.– Field observations matched same day model predictions in 17 of

the 20 fields scouted = 89% success rate

• 19 of these fields were rated for disease in the R5-R6 growth stages– End of season disease observations were explained by full-

season model predictions in 14 of the 19 fields rated = overall 74% success rate


Conclusions for 2016• If white mold isn’t a concern, application of

fungicide has not resulted in significant increases in yield for the 4th straight year in Wisconsin trials

• If white mold is a significant problem– Endura, Aproach, and Proline/Stratego YLD

continue to be consistently efficacious programs– R3 timing best in 2016 (R1-R3 optimal timing)– R4 or later application timing results in poor

success• Model refinement and validation work will

continue in 2017– Model full model release perhaps in 2018


2016 Winter Wheat Disease Update

Damon Smith, Brian Mueller, and Scott Chapman



Rust ComplexLeaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust

Leafrust;photofrom“CompendiumofWheatDiseases,3rd edition”

Striperust;photofrom“CompendiumofWheatDiseases,3rd edition”

Stemrust;photofrom“CompendiumofWheatDiseases,3rd edition”


Stripe Rust• Most common in Wisconsin• Stripe rust has been an

increasing problem in the upper Midwest

• Pustules can be observed for both diseases on the leaves and leaf sheaths

• Stripe rust can affect glumes and kernels when severe

• Must be blown up from southern locales– Likely not able to overwinter,

but we are investigatingStriperustsignsandsymptoms;Photofrom“CompendiumofWheatDiseasesandPests,3rd edition”


Yield Loss Due to Stripe Rust In 2016

y=-0.5256x+125.84R²=0.52431

y=-0.5184x+94.449R²=0.16684

0

20

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120

140

160

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Yield(bu/a)

StripeRustSeverityonFlagLeaves(%)

Arlington,Chilton,andSharon(BlueLine)FondduLac(OrangeLine)


Integrated Management of Stripe Rust in Wisconsin

• Began Trials in 2016• Evaluating Fungicide Application Timing on 3 Winter

Wheat Varieties– Fungicides

• Prosaro• Headline

– Fungicide Application Timings• Non-treated (Negative Control)• 1 app at Feekes 5 (Jointing)• 1 app at Feekes 8 (Emerging Flag leaf)• 1 app at Feekes 10 (Boot Stage)• Full-Season Fungicide Application (Positive Control)

– Varieties• Pro Seed 420 (Susceptible)• Kaskaskia (Moderately Resistant)• Pro Seed 380 (Resistant)


Disease Incidence

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

ProSeed420 Kaskaskia ProSeed380

RelativeDiseaseIncide

nce(Log-NormalScale)

Non-TreatedControlHeadline(Jointing)Headline(FlagLeaf)Headline(Boot)Prosaro(Jointing)Prosaro(FlagLeaf)Prosaro(Boot)Full-SeasonControl


2016 Yield

cdbc

abcd

cd a

abcabc a

ab

abca

dabc

aabc

c

aab

bc

a

aa

a

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ProSeed420 Kaskaskia ProSeed380

Yield(bu/a)

Non-TreatedControl Headline(Jointing) Headline(FlagLeaf) Headline(Boot)Prosaro(Jointing) Prosaro(FlagLeaf) Prosaro(Boot) Full-SeasonControl


2016 Test Weight

Test Weight was Driven by Variety – Very little Impact by Stripe rust or Fusarium head blight

c

b

a

59 59.5 60 60.5 61 61.5 62

ProSeed420

Kaskaskia

ProSeed380

TestWeight(lbs/bu)


Conclusions• Pro Seed 420 (susceptible) and Kaskaskia (moderately

resistant) responded to fungicide application– Pro Seed 380 is extremely resistant, thus fungicide had little

effect on disease or yield• “Boot” applications of Headline and Prosaro resulted in

control of disease and similar yield compared to Full-season application– ”Flag leaf” applications were a close second

• “Boot” and “flag leaf” applications provided the best control on susceptible varieties because this coincided with the onset of the epidemic– Stripe rust doesn’t seem to over-winter in Wisconsin– Pathogen blows up from southern locations– Fungicide applied close to when the pathogen arrives will

provide the best control – Scout!!


Damon Smith, Ph.D.Assistant ProfessorField Crops Pathology

University of Wisconsin-MadisonDepartment of Plant Pathology1630 Linden DriveMadison, WI 53706-1598Phone: 608-262-5716e-mail: [email protected]: http://fyi.uwex.edu/fieldcroppathology/

Questions?

Documents

2016 Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Disease Update · 2017-06-28 · Field Crops Pathology 2016 White Mold Fungicide Efficacy Trial (Hancock WI) Disease Incidence (%) Disease Severity Index