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UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti

2016RESULTSREPORT

The Office of Research – Innocenti is UNICEF’s dedicated research arm. Its prime objectives are to improve international understanding of issues relating to children’s rights and to help facilitate full implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, across the world. The Office of Research aims to set out a comprehensive framework for research and knowledge within the organization, in support of UNICEF’s global programmes and policies, and works with partners to make policies for children evidence-based. Publications produced by the Office are contributions to a global debate on children and child rights issues, and include a wide range of opinions.

This report was written by Prerna Banati and Michelle Godwin.

Extracts from this publication may be freely reproduced with due acknowledgement. Further information on the role and mission of the Office of Research is available from the Communication Unit: [email protected]

For partnership opportunities, please contact Prerna Banati [email protected]

ISBN 978-88-6522-053-5

© 2017 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti Piazza SS. Annunziata, 12 50122 Florence, Italy Tel: (+39) 055 20 330 Fax: (+39) 055 2033 220 [email protected] www.unicef-irc.org Twitter: @UNICEFInnocenti

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mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unicef-irc.org

UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti

2016RESULTSREPORT

32016 RESULTS REPORT

CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR 4

2016 HEADLINE RESULTS 6

DELIVERING HIGH QUALITY RESEARCH 7

STRENGTHENING CAPACITY TO GENERATE AND APPLY RESEARCH 11

CONVENING EVENTS AND ACTING AS A RESEARCH CATALYST 14

Key Moments from 2016 14

A DEEPER DIVE 16Report Card 13: Fairness for Children 16

Global Kids Online (GKO) – Research Partnership 17

‘Cash Plus’ Pilot Targeted to Youth 18

Violence and Social Protection 20

Children and Care Work 21

Violence against Children: Assessing Impact 22

COMMUNICATIONS 24

OPERATIONS 26Innocenti Fellowships and the Seminar Programme 29

PARTNERSHIPS 27

INNOCENTI PUBLICATIONS 30

2016 RESULTS REPORT4

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

2016 saw significant achievements across all areas of Innocenti’s work, delivered by our committed team of researchers, analysts, communications and operations specialists, working in collaboration with a wide range of partners – from UNICEF country offices and their local counterparts, to colleagues in headquarters, UNICEF National Committees, academic institutions around the world, and our host, Istituto degli Innocenti, together with other partners in Italy.

Following leadership changes in 2015, the Office looked to 2016 as a year for consolidation of recent progress and expansion, continued implementation of an ambitious research agenda, and delivery of significant publications, events and impacts. We can look back with satisfaction at progress made in many areas of concern for UNICEF and for children. At the same time, from our location in Italy, we saw at close hand the effects of conflict and crisis, driving a wave of refugees and migrants across the Mediterranean – creating urgent demands for evidence to which we have responded with a new programme of research on children in contexts of migration, displacement and conflict.

Evidence of the impact of our research and its uptake within and beyond the organization is visible at multiple levels – from the work of country and regional offices, to influence on government policies and global debates, incorporating children or child-related concerns into academic research and policy. Detailed examples can be found in the pages of this report. They include: national policy changes flowing from research on violence and bullying; replication and scaling-up of parenting programmes based on evidence; generating the evidence base on how children use the internet as a basis for understanding both opportunities and risks, as well as identifying key regulatory gaps in relation to children and the internet, data and privacy; and synthesizing research findings on adolescence through a series of Digests to support programming in the field. The influence of Innocenti’s long-term research project that evaluates cash transfer (and increasingly ‘cash-plus’) programmes across sub-Saharan Africa continues to grow. This collaborative initiative has provided detailed evidence to national governments and UNICEF offices to support the introduction and scaling-up of transfers, while also busting myths about the impacts of cash (for example, on fertility or dependence) and demonstrating impacts of cash in areas such as adolescent health and well-being, violence and safe transitions to adulthood.

A key role of the Office of Research–Innocenti is to foster the generation and use of good quality research and evidence across UNICEF. Led by the Research Facilitation Team at Innocenti, the past year has seen the establishment of a strong research governance framework for UNICEF. In February, the UNICEF Policy for Research was approved by the Executive Director. This sets out key principles, standards, accountabilities and coordination mechanisms for research across the organization, complementing existing procedures and guidelines on quality assurance and ethics. Innocenti staff have worked closely with regional and country Offices to provide technical support and undertake training programmes on research and knowledge management. For the fourth year in succession, the Best of UNICEF Research drew attention to some of the outstanding research produced or in collaboration with UNICEF staff around the world.


MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

Supporting these efforts towards broader engagement and impact, 2016 also saw major steps forward in Innocenti’s communications with the redesign of our website, a more regular e-newsletter, blogs and more adventurous use of social media – all of which help to share research findings, stimulate debate and engage a wider audience.

Also in support of partnerships and impact, the Office is capitalizing on its location and convening capacity to create a vibrant space for debate on critical issues for children. Meetings hosted included a session with Council of Europe Parliamentarians, a consultation of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Children, WHO’s Child Friendly Hospitals initiative and an expert group meeting on social protection and violence in childhood. Events with UNICEF colleagues included the annual DREAM meeting of Data, Research, Evaluation and Monitoring staff, the Social Inclusion team network meeting, and a training course on public finance for children.

Building on these achievements, we enter 2017 in a strong position for achieving ambitious goals. We look forward to working with colleagues across UNICEF in developing a research agenda aligned with the new strategic plan, and to further strengthening our capacities and those of UNICEF in a broader sense, in generating and using knowledge to achieve positive change for children.

Sarah Cook

DirectorUNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti

Florence, March 2017


2016 HEADLINE RESULTS

●● Research continues to influence policy and practice by addressing inequalities in child well-being and expanding the international evidence base in social protection, child poverty, child protection and education.

●● New and emerging areas of research are beginning to address critical gaps for children, including migration and displacement, children in care work and gender inequality; they are enhancing our ability to generate evidence new approaches to development and change.

●● Enhanced reach, improved dissemination platforms and growing influence are creating positive impact on social policy for children in various countries.

●● Over 140 research products were published in a range of print and electronic media: including peer-reviewed journal articles, contributions to edited volumes, working papers, research reports and resources, digests, briefs, blogs, podcasts and videos.

How UNICEF Innocenti Contributes to Organizational Strategic Priorities

REALIZING THE RIGHTS OF EVERY CHILD

1HEALTH

2HIV & AIDS

3WATER,

SANITATION & HYGIENE

4NUTRITION

5EDUCATION

6CHILD

PROTECTION

7SOCIAL

INCLUSION

I. DELIVER HIGH-QUALITY RESEARCHa. Poverty, inequality and well-beingb. Child rights and governancec. Education and systems

II. STRENGTHEN CAPACITY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY AND USE OF EVIDENCEa. Guidance and capacity strengthening in the Southb. Knowledge sharing and best practicesc. Institutional governance of research

III. SERVE AS A RESEARCH CATALYSTa. Convene and act as a research catalyst b. New emerging areas and neglected issuesc. Develop high-quality networks and partnerships

Of�ce of Research–Innocenti Outcome Areas

GENDER AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION

UNICEF Strategic Plan – Outcome Areas


DELIVERING HIGH QUALITY RESEARCH

EVIDENCE TO ACTION – EDITED VOLUME ON CASH TRANSFERS IN AFRICAFrom Evidence to Action: The Story of Cash Transfers

and Impact Evaluation in Sub-Saharan Africa was compiled by UNICEF and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and published in 2016 by Oxford University Press. The book enhances understanding of social protection policies in Africa and how they lead to a broad range of social and productive impacts, as well as the role Transfer Project research has played in influencing policy and programme design. The book was launched in November 2016 in multiple locations, including Johannesburg, New York, Washington DC and Brussels, with extensive stakeholder engagement.

INNOCENTI REPORT CARD 13 – INEQUALITY OF CHILD WELL-BEING IN RICH COUNTRIESBottom-end inequality – the gap between children at the bottom and those in the middle – was the subject of Innocenti Report Card 13 – Fairness for Children. The report generated high level policy dialogue on inequality affecting child well-being across multiple dimensions. Launched in April 2016 in Paris, the report examines inequality trends in household income, education, health and life satisfaction in 41 countries of the OECD and the European Union. The launch garnered widespread international coverage in the

media and journals and focused national discourse on the question of ‘how far are children being allowed to fall behind?’

MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHILD POVERTY – MEASURING CHILD POVERTY AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS Methods for analysing multiple overlapping deprivations affecting children (MODA) developed by researchers at Innocenti continued to be in high demand, particularly in low-income countries, as a useful baseline on child deprivations in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While other multidimensional poverty measures exist, MODA alone directly examines child deprivations in relation to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 2016 Mozambique and Ukraine were assisted to undertake MODA and child poverty analyses; a technical workshop in East and Southern Africa was also conducted for 10 countries in the region. An additional 14 countries began using MODA in 2016, or have made plans to start in early 2017, making a total



of 44 countries using MODA globally. In 2016, Innocenti also started collaboration with the Middle East and North Africa Regional Office to produce a cross-country comparative MODA study in Arab countries, in partnership with the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia, the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, and the League of Arab States. In 2017, Innocenti will produce the MODA report with its partners, and provide strategic assistance where needed.

GLOBAL KIDS ONLINE – INNOVATIVE GLOBAL RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP ON CHILDREN’S INTERNET USEGlobal Kids Online is a multi-country research project that aims to generate and sustain a rigorous, expanding cross-national evidence base on children’s internet use by building a global network of researchers and experts. The project developed an online global research toolkit that enables academics, governments, civil society and other actors to carry out reliable and standardized national research with children and their parents on the opportunities, risks and protective factors of children’s internet use. The toolkit – piloted in Argentina, the Philippines, Serbia and South Africa – together with a series of research papers resulting from it, are accelerating cross-national comparative research on children’s internet use around the world. The project builds upon EU Kids Online, an established partnership at the European level (previously funded by the European Commission) which resulted in the European Strategy for a Better Internet for Children.

ADOLESCENT RESEARCH DIGEST – QUARTERLY SYNTHESIS OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ON ADOLESCENCE The Adolescent Well-being Research Programme continued to fill gaps in knowledge on a critical yet neglected age group, while also contributing to the development of resources to support improved programming and practice. The new quarterly research digest – a key output of Innocenti’s research on the social and structural determinants of adolescent well-being – provides a convenient synthesis of the latest evidence and research on adolescent well-being in low- and middle-income countries. The primary audience is the broader community of development practitioners, UNICEF staff, policymakers and academics, working on adolescent well-being. Each edition is based on an extensive scan of a wide range of existing literature published over the preceding quarter including international peer reviewed journals, evaluation reports, systematic reviews, literature reviews and other evidence synthesis products.



PARENTING AND FAMILY SUPPORTThe Family and Parenting Support research undertaken with the University of Oxford published two reports in 2016: an analysis of studies in East and Southern Africa which suggests that parenting is shared amongst family and community members, and that if the mechanisms to uphold quality care are weakened, adolescents are more vulnerable to illness, exploitation and violence; and a secondary analysis of cohort data which showed that good parenting for pre-adolescents was associated with fewer educational risks and behavioural problems, mediated by child trauma and depression, while family disadvantage was associated with an increase in harsh parenting and poor caregiver mental health, both of which are associated with increased adolescent health risks.

OTHER ONGOING OR EMERGING AREAS OF WORK

●● An edited compilation entitled Children of Austerity: the Impact of the Great Recession on Child Poverty in Rich Countries will be published by Oxford University Press in 2017. The volume seeks to answer the following questions: Why did things work out as they did for children in certain countries? and How do the results compare with other countries in similar circumstances? To what extent was this attributable to the depth and nature of the crisis itself, the ‘initial conditions’ before the crisis, or to the nature of the response to the crisis? How much freedom to manoeuvre did the country have? and How much difference could better policy choices have made? What are the lessons for how to build a more robust safety-net for future crises? The book provides an insightful contribution to the literature on economic crises and the effects of austerity on children.

●● Cash programming in humanitarian settings: UNICEF Innocenti is involved in a quasi-experimental evaluation of a pilot cash transfer programme that aims to support the school attendance of displaced Syrian children in Lebanon.

●● Innocenti Report Card 14 focuses on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and children in high income countries. It will be launched in June 2017. The report aims to draw attention to the main challenges that the 2030 Agenda presents for rich countries, by evaluating their progress towards the SDGs and highlighting gaps in existing data. Report Card 14 selects the goals and targets that are most relevant to children in rich countries and addresses the following central questions with respect to them: Where do higher income countries stand today in relation to SDG commitments in relation to children? What should rich countries do to make progress towards these SDGs?

●● The Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, with the support of Innocenti, convened a global expert’s consultation on the growing impact of bullying and cyber-bullying on children in May 2016. The consultation identified specific gaps and weaknesses in existing data and agreed on recommendations on the type of data to be collected to support policymaking and effective interventions. It also identified essential elements for an effective policy, both at the national and local levels, as well as areas in which specific legislation should be enacted to support a comprehensive policy to address bullying.


●● The Voices of the Hungry Project, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization has provided Innocenti time-limited access to microdata from the Gallup World Poll to explore child hunger. Research includes developing prevalence estimates of food insecurity among households with children and youth globally, and by region. It will also estimate the determinants of food insecurity among households with children during the Great Recession, and seeks to understand the importance of food insecurity as a determinant of youth well-being.

●● Innocenti is exploring the determinants of subjective well-being among young people across the world. This was contrasted with adults showing changes across the life course. Overall, the determinants of subjective well-being are surprisingly similar across the life course. The largest decline in subjective well-being occurs in the age group 15-24. At age 15, subjective well-being is independent of household income, but just five years later sharp differences emerge with those in the highest income quintile reporting higher life satisfaction than those in the poorest quintile. These differences across the income distribution persist throughout the life course.

●● Child labour research in Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia is exploring the impact of unconditional cash transfers on child productive activities, child labour and human capital accumulation. Programmes that provide regular cash support to poor households have been shown to increase investment in productive activities – which may have positive and/or negative implications for children. The project was expanded to Tanzania in 2016 as part of a cluster randomized trial, examining impact of the cash transfer programme administered by the Government of Tanzania, which currently reaches over 1 million households across the country.

●● Research in education has focused on exploring prioritization of interventions, schools as learning organizations, life skills, and violence in school in Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2017 new work streams will include education in emergencies, teacher motivation, and a focus on the role of family policy in achieving SDG 4 on inclusive and quality education.

●● A new research project will examine the evidence and measurement narrative on SDGs and transformative change for children, drawing on UNICEF’s experience of working for children in diverse contexts. This work aims to analyse the social content and impacts of the SDGs and the role which social institutions, relationships and community/family actors play in shaping policies toward agreed goals and targets.

●● A new programme on children and migration was launched in late 2016, building on a history of work at Innocenti on migration, trafficking and child rights. The new programme will examine existing knowledge and practice, identify research gaps, and bring together researchers and practitioners to address critical questions relating to children and migration.

●● Two key themes of gender equality and humanitarian action continue to cut across Innocenti’s research. Dedicated resources in these areas are planned for 2017.



STRENGTHENING CAPACITY TO GENERATE AND APPLY RESEARCH

UNICEF continually strives to improve its capacity to base strategic and programmatic decisions on evidence, drawing upon lessons from evaluation, data, research and programme activities.

UNICEF Innocenti has led efforts to put in place a series of essential building blocks that assist the wider organization enhance the efficiency of its annual investment in research; approximately USD100 million across the world. In addition to approving the UNICEF Policy

for Research in February 2016, a series of procedures – the UNICEF Procedure for Ethical

Standards in Research and UNICEF Procedure for Quality Assurance in Research – were rolled out at Research Management and Methods training workshops initiated in 2016 in the South Asia and West Africa regions.

A new training e-module Undertaking Ethical Evidence Generation, which offers guidance on ethics and quality assurance, became available to UNICEF staff and external users, and is cited as a ‘must-do’ training in this sector (https://agora.unicef.org/course/info.php?id=2173). In addition, an institutional research framework aligned to the strategic plan is under development and Long-Term Agreements (LTAs) have been established allowing UNICEF access to vetted research suppliers.

Policy on Research Evaluation Policy Data Policy (under discussion)Policies

RESEARCH EVALUATION DATA SHARED

Research Framework2014-17 (2018-21)

Evaluation plan 2014-17(2018-21)

Strategic Plan 2014-17(2018-21)

Data Strategy (in progress)

Procedure forQuality Assurance

in Research

ExternalAcademicPublishing

(in progress)

Strategic Guidance Note on Institutionalizing

Ethical Practice forUNICEF Research

Executive Directiveon the Evaluation

Function

Procedure for Ethical Standardsin Research, Evaluation and Data

Collection and Analysis

Executive Directive on Country Report on Indicators

for the Goals (CRING)

United NationsEvaluation Group(UNEG) Guidance

Taxonomy for Research,Evaluation and Studies

Sector-speci�c interagencymonitoring

guidelines onindicator

de�nitions andreporting

requirements

MICS guidelines on survey

design, data collection, data

processing and analysis

Multiple Indicator ClusterSurveys(MICS)

tools and resources

Sector-speci�c tools,

resources,indicators, etc.

Dedicated research website

www.unicef-irc.org

Sample researchchecklists,guidelines,operating

procedures, etc.

E-moduleon Researchand Evidence

Researchsyntheses and uptake

tools

Dedicated evaluation website

http://www.unicef.org/evaluation

Global Evaluation ReportsOversight System (GEROS)

EvaluationCapacity

Development

EvaluationToolkit

Dedicated data websites:data.unicef.org; mics.unicef.org;

devinfo.org; aidsinfo.org; wssinfo.org;

childmortality.org

Plan for Research, Impact Monitoring and

Evaluation (PRIME)

EthicalResearchInvolving Children(ERIC)

Evaluation and Research

Database

E-moduleon Ethics in

EvidenceGeneration

Long-term Arrangementfor Impact Evaluation

Services (LTAS)

MethodologicalBriefs

Strategies/Globalpriorities

Procedures/Directives

Guidance

Supportand learningresources


UNICEF’s annual Data, Research, Evaluation, Analytics and Monitoring (DREAM) global network meeting was held in Florence, Italy, bringing together UNICEF advisers, programme managers, monitoring, data, and research specialists in order to enhance the impact of UNICEF’s evidence functions in the context of measuring progress towards the achievement of the SDGs and their targets.



The Best of UNICEF Research 2016 competition highlighted the full range of evidence work being undertaken across UNICEF, while recognizing the best examples of recently completed research papers. The 12 finalist papers were selected for secondary review by an external panel of global experts.

UNICEF Innocenti organized or engaged in over 150 research events and workshops in 2016, promoting skills and knowledge exchange in the global south and the research community. An increasing number of these events was hosted in Florence, including: Council of Europe Parliamentarians; the Social Protection and Childhood Violence Expert Round Table; the Global Consultation on Children and Bullying (informing the Secretary-General’s report to the 71st Session of the UN General Assembly); the World Health Organization Guideline Development Group Meeting – Nutrition Actions 2016-2018; and the DREAM network meeting 2016.

Approximately a third of these meetings were hosted in the Global South, such as the workshop held in Ethiopia on Adolescent Well-Being

and the Transition to Adulthood: Evidence on impacts of social cash transfers; the MODA Technical Workshops in Kenya and Ukraine; the Social Protection Plus Workshop in Tanzania; and various government and UNICEF stakeholder training sessions; and workshops in Ghana, Malawi, Mozambique, Nepal, Senegal, Tanzania, Viet Nam and Zambia, among others.



CONVENING EVENTS AND ACTING AS A RESEARCH CATALYST

‘Adolescent Well-Being and the Transition to Adulthood: Evidence on Impacts of Social

Cash Transfers’ Workshop in Ethiopia

Participated in ‘Strengthening the UN’s Research Uptake’ United Nations University

and the Graduate Institute, Geneva

Violence research uptake workshop –

University of Edinburgh

Cash Transfers – Refugee Pilot Consultations – Lebanon

DREAM (Data, Research, Evaluation and Monitoring) meeting, Florence. Over 80 UNICEF staff from 40+ countries study how to generate better and more

useful evidence for children’s rights

‘Cash Plus’ Expert Dialogues (Tanzania)

Violence against Children Bullying Consultation – Global Consultation on Children and Bullying (informing the Secretary-General’s report to 71st Session of the UN

General Assembly) hosted by UNICEF Innocenti, Florence

Over 60 articles published in journals, books and Innocenti

working paper series

35 research news articles

Active seminar series (over 30 in 2016)

Twitter – 20% average increase over 2015.

Facebook: reach of fb posts increased by

about 400% 2015–2016.

Over 20 research events convened in Florence, many more in the South

6,700 e-news subscribers

Social Protection and Childhood Violence Expert Round Table

convened by Innocenti and Know Violence in

Childhood, Florence

Cash Transfer Impacts presented at Africa

Economic Research Consortium (AERC)

Conference, Tanzania

8 Research Fellows, including 2 in partnership with the Africa Economic Research Consortium

Opening of new Innocenti Museum

KEY MOMENTS FROM 2016

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

Report Card 13 launch, Paris


What Works Global Summit Innocenti-hosted panels on – Building an Evidence Culture and Impacting Government Programmes, London UK

Participation in GAML – Global Alliance Metrics and Learning

(UNESCO), Washington

UN General Assembly: Summit on Refugees – Innocenti Research Watch on Migration; new research on children and displacement lead by Bina D’Costa; launch of UNICEF ‘Uprooted’ Report

Social Protection to Bridge the Humanitarian and Development Divide Workshop, Ukraine

Innocenti Newsletter and blog series launched

Presentations to Council of Europe Parliamentarians, hosted at Innocenti, Florence

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

Best of UNICEF Research launched

Global Kids Online Network launched

Renewed partnership agreement with Istituto degli Innocenti

Parenting research presented at International Congress for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (21st IPSCAN), Calgary 2016

Global Early Adolescence Study (GEAS) global meeting at World

Health Organization, Geneva

Impact Evaluation Skills Workshop with 20 researchers in African Economic Research Council, Senegal

From Evidence to Action book on cash transfers launches in Brussels,

New York and Johannesburg

Children and Care Expert Round Table of cross

disciplinary experts on children, adolescents

and care responsibilities

Panel presented on children’s rights

online Internet Governance Forum,

Mexico

UNICEF 70th Anniversary celebrations

European Forum on

the Rights of the Child

WHO Guideline Development Group Meeting – Nutrition

Actions

Research Management Training with

UNICEF South Asia, Nepal

Tanzania Cash Transfers and

Stress Pilot

Reflections on Children and the Sustainable Development Goals at the CIFAR (Canadian Institute for Advanced

Research) Forum on the Well-Being of the World’s Children

Presenting ‘Social protection systems

as a way out of poverty’ at Sida’s

Development Talks, Sweden

Series of presentations at Gender and Adolescence Conference, Young Lives Oxford


REPORT CARD 13: FAIRNESS FOR CHILDREN

Innocenti Report Card 13 Fairness for Children presented an overview of inequalities in child well-being in 41 countries of the European Union (EU) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It focuses on ‘bottom-end inequality’ – the gap between children at the bottom and those in the middle – and addresses the question ‘How far behind are children being allowed to fall?’ in the areas of income, education, health and life satisfaction.

Across OECD countries, the risks of poverty have been shifting from the elderly towards youth since the 1980s. These developments accentuate the need to monitor the well-being of the most disadvantaged children, but income inequality also has far-reaching consequences for society, harming educational attainment, key health outcomes and even economic growth. A concern with fairness and social justice requires us to consider whether some members of society are being left so far behind that their lives both now and in the future are being unfairly affected.

Questions of fairness and social justice have a special resonance when inequalities among children, rather than adults, are the focus of attention. When it comes to children, the social and economic circumstances they face are beyond their control, and so differences in merit cannot reasonably be advanced as justification for inequalities among them. In addition, social and economic disadvantages in early life increase the risk of having lower earnings, lower standards of health, and lower skills in adulthood. This in turn can perpetuate disadvantage across generations. None of this is the fault of the child.

A DEEPER DIVE


The scale of the gaps between children at the bottom and in the middle can be very large. For example, the income of a child at the bottom end in Bulgaria, Mexico and Romania is only a third of that of an average child in the same country. In Sweden and Finland, the gap in reading between a 15-year old student at the bottom end and an average student is the equivalent of more than three years of schooling. Questions about when inequalities become so large as to become unfair defy easy answers; but the analyses presented in the Report Card set out some stark facts about the degree to which children at the bottom are being allowed to fall behind their peers.

Analyses in Report Card 13 suggest the following principles and recommendations for governments to consider in strengthening child well-being:

●● Protect the incomes of households with the poorest children. Boosting employment opportunities for parents, implementing progressive taxation and effective service provision all have a role to play. However, it is evident that large income gaps tend to go hand in hand with less extensive social transfer systems.

●● Focus on improving the educational achievements of disadvantaged learners. The Convention on the Rights of the Child requires recognition not just of the right to education, but also ‘achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity’. This means preventing children from falling far behind in their educational achievement. Evidence from the PISA surveys shows that there is no inevitable trade-off between reducing achievement gaps and overall outcomes, and so this agenda can be both fair and effective.

●● Promote and support healthy lifestyles for all children. Promoting healthy lifestyles at an early age is likely to pay short- and long-term dividends, but the fact that such large relative child health gaps exist in many countries is a cause for concern. This is particularly so for inequalities in physical activity, given that these seem more tightly bound to inequalities in income. This would suggest that there is particular scope for governments to do more to open up opportunities for less-affluent children to participate in physical activity in and out of school.

●● Take subjective well-being seriously. Data gathered over a period of more than 10 years for the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey show stable patterns of inequality in children’s life satisfaction. While this stability confirms that subjective well-being data reveal meaningful information about children’s lives in rich countries, the fact that some countries have had persistently large gaps is a cause for concern.

●● Place equity at the heart of child well-being agendas. The leave no-one-behind principle should form the foundation of future social strategies. The evidence presented in the Report Card suggests that to improve overall child well-being the most disadvantaged must not be ignored.

GLOBAL KIDS ONLINE (GKO) – RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP

Children make up an estimated one third of internet users worldwide. The international community has recognized the importance of internet access for development, economic growth and the realization of civil rights and is actively seeking ways to ensure universal internet access to all segments of society. Children should be an important part of this process, not only because they represent a substantial percentage of internet users but because they play an important part in shaping the internet. In turn, the internet plays an important part in shaping children’s lives, culture and identities.

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A DEEPER DIVE

The many stakeholders responsible for children’s safe and positive use of the internet have an important task to formulate policies that are inclusive, balanced and based on solid evidence. But at present, the evidence on which such policies can rely is very scarce, especially in the global South.

Responding to evidence gaps, the GKO research project (www.globalkidsonline.net) was developed as a collaborative initiative between UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and EU Kids Online.

Supported by the WeProtect Global Alliance, the project developed a global research toolkit that would enable reliable and standardized national research with children and their parents on the opportunities, risks and protective factors of children’s internet use.

National research partners from Argentina, the Philippines, Serbia and South Africa, with support from UNICEF country offices, piloted the research toolkit and wrote national reports. These partners were instrumental in building and testing research resources and in demonstrating how research results can be used for policy and practice. The model that emerged was one of co-creation and co-ownership with centralized coordination and technical support and a de-centralized approach to national research and dissemination of the findings.

Key findings from the pilot phase include:●● Children predominantly access the internet at home and through mobile devices; ●● The majority of children learn something new by searching the internet;●● Younger internet users lack the digital skills of their older peers;●● Younger children’s digital safety skills also need support;●● A substantial minority of young internet users have had contact with unknown

people online;●● Argentinian children are most likely to report having been bothered or upset online in the

past year; ●● Countries vary in the amount of risks encountered and the balance with online

opportunities; and ●● Children are most likely to seek support from a friend, rarely from a teacher.

CASH PLUS PILOT TARGETED TO YOUTH

There is increasing interest in linking cash transfers to other complementary services including nutrition, health and school fee waivers, among others. These linkages are referred to as ‘social protection plus’, or informally as ‘cash plus’. The concept of ‘cash plus’ encompasses layering of services, interventions or messaging onto cash transfer programmes in an effort to leverage the cash and amplify its impacts. The rationale is that cash alone is not always sufficient to reduce the broad, interrelated social and economic risks and vulnerabilities that recipient


A DEEPER DIVE

populations face, and that additional support may be needed. Examples of African government social cash transfer (SCT) programmes which have linked to services in this ‘cash plus’ model include those in Ethiopia, Ghana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, where programmes complemented cash with a range of activities including enrolment in national health insurance schemes, nutrition interventions, linkages to HIV, sexual and reproductive health services, and linkages to NGOs providing child protection services.

A pilot within the framework of the Tanzanian Conditional Cash Transfer is being planned to examine the impacts of an economic livelihoods strengthening intervention targeted to youth on well-being and the transition to adulthood. With support from the Oak Foundation, this initiative explores, identifies and tests a ‘plus’ component that may help facilitate safe transitions to adulthood, including reducing the risk of HIV infection and the abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents.

In February 2016, UNICEF convened a group of stakeholders, including government, United Nations, non-governmental organization (NGO) implementers, researchers and experts, and members of the donor community to assess options for a social protection ‘plus’ (or cash plus) intervention within the framework of Tanzania’s Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) programme. The aim of this workshop was to discuss options for a ‘plus’ component aimed at and facilitating safe transitions to adulthood, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and reducing violence and exploitation experienced by adolescents.

Following the workshop, an evaluation study design was developed, which consists of three study arms as follows: cash plus livelihoods + SRH/HIV/gender/violence reduction; cash plus SRH/HIV/gender/violence reduction; and cash only. This design will allow an evaluation of the impacts of the bundled intervention among adolescents living in cash transfer households. Households started receiving cash in late 2015 through the government cash transfer programme, PSSN, and this intervention is an add-on component starting in 2017.

The aim of the pilot study is to examine the impacts of the ‘plus’ bundled intervention on outcomes of interest among adolescents in cash transfer households. In this design, cash-only households are the control group. The study design will use the gold standard cluster randomized control trial (RCT) design, with 50 clusters (villages) per arm. A theory of change has been developed, and baseline questionnaires are currently being developed to reflect this theory of change. A baseline survey among study households will be implemented in the first half of 2017. A national partner to help conduct the research was identified through a competitive bidding process. The study protocol and instruments are to be submitted for ethical review in February/March 2017, ahead of the interviewer training and baseline surveys.


VIOLENCE AND SOCIAL PROTECTION

In May 2016, UNICEF Innocenti convened an expert roundtable to examine the potential for social protection programmes to play an expanded role in reducing childhood violence. Hosted in collaboration with the Know Violence in Childhood Initiative, the roundtable brought together 25 research and practice experts over two days. The meeting was guided by the fact that household economic gains are often cited as a key factor in the reduction of childhood violence – defined as physical, emotional and sexual violence experienced by children under the age of 18. The role played by improved household economic factors is a much neglected area in research, and thus few empirical studies examine this intersection in a rigorous manner.

The meeting explored:1. Key pathways through which non-contributory social protection has the potential to affect

childhood violence; 2. Existing evidence on the impact of social protection on childhood violence and which

mechanisms help achieve potential impacts; 3. The current state of ongoing/planned research linking social protection and childhood

violence; 4. Where social protection has actively tried to address issues related to childhood violence,

and which design modifications show promise; and5. Policy and programme implications, as well as the key research questions and gaps.

A snapshot of global evidence linking social protection and childhood violence was presented based on an evidence review conducted by Innocenti. Among the 25 studies reviewed, nearly 90 quantitative indicators of violence were analysed, of which approximately 20 per cent showed significant protective impacts of social protection on childhood violence. Therefore, while the evidence is mixed, it suggests that social protection has potential to reduce specific forms of childhood violence, particularly for certain sub-groups. Their potential is strongest for forms of violence driven, in part, by economic insecurity (e.g. sexual exploitation), as well as forms of violence (e.g. corporal punishment) triggered by poverty-related stressors following economic shocks.

A DEEPER DIVE


A DEEPER DIVE

Despite the fragmented evidence base, the meeting confirmed the sentiment that social protection has the potential to decrease childhood violence at the margin. Social protection will never be sufficient to tackle the myriad drivers of violence in any given setting; it may alleviate risk, but not necessarily address its underlying structural factors. However, through addressing poverty, and particularly mechanisms which allow adults and children to suffer less poverty-related stress, engage in fewer negative coping behaviours, and allow caregivers to spend more time with their children (in protective environments), the potential remains promising. Because social protection programming often reaches large segments of vulnerable populations, reducing violence even at the margin among these groups may have large impacts on the incidence of violence across all of the population.

Organizations such as UNICEF and other multi-national bodies that have heavily invested in social protection, such as the World Bank, need to address the lack of evidence and real commitment for investment in understanding this intersection. Publication of a background paper reviewing existing evidence and knowledge is a first step to recognizing the lack of information we have regarding the potential linkages between social protection and violence.

CHILDREN AND CARE WORK

Unpaid care work has been largely neglected in research and policymaking, often viewed as falling within the domestic sphere of decisions and responsibilities, rather than as a public issue. Recently, researchers across a range of disciplines have strived to fill the evidence, data and research gaps, by exploring unpaid care and domestic work provided particularly by women within the household. Initial efforts have uncovered entrenched social and gender norms and inequalities, often with significant impact on children who, across most contexts, are expected to perform some level of caregiving and domestic work.

Childhood and adolescence are generally seen as life stages when children and adolescents should contribute to their household’s welfare, including by providing support with care and domestic responsibilities. These responsibilities are not always perceived as ‘work’ by children and their families, and thus children may not see themselves and/or may not be seen as, ‘carers.’ The normalization of this work, particularly for girls, is also due to entrenched social and gender norms that expect female household members to undertake the bulk of care and domestic work.

In order to foster discussion on the issue of children and care work in low- and middle-income countries, UNICEF Innocenti recently convened an expert’s round-table in Florence. The meeting was attended by a group of leading scholars representing a range of relevant fields.

The discussion drew on expertise across several research and practice sectors – child rights, gender, care, economics, social policy, time-use analysis and social statistics – to explore the relationship between care provision and child well-being. Topics of discussion included the distribution of care responsibilities among household members, and between family, society and the State; the impact of women’s employment on care provision and outcomes for children; different models for the provision and financing of care; and research methods and the availability of data.

The special nature of care work and the complexity of distinguishing between different forms of care were examined. The need for a clear distinction between paid and unpaid care


A DEEPER DIVE

work, and between care work and other forms of domestic work was stressed. The important concept of a ‘threshold’ for bench-marking when care work may lead to positive or negative impacts on child well-being was also discussed.

Surveys and qualitative research conducted among child caregivers in Latin America and Africa show that when children care for close family members, they may gain skills, have positive experiences and learn from adults and elders. They may gain an increased sense of self-esteem due to recognition received for their contribution to the well-being of their family. Children may thus need to be supported in their role as carers, rather than having this responsibility removed from them. Understanding when care work shifts from being a positive to a harmful experience for children is an important challenge.

The event highlighted that evidence generation is only the first step needed as part of a broader effort to trigger policy shifts on children and care work. Efforts need to be put in place to communicate evidence and advocate for policy change. However, policy change can be challenging in a context where caregivers who are children (and women) are often not politically represented nor organized or mobilized. Innocenti is building up research in this area, in order to shed more light on a global phenomenon that impacts profoundly on child well-being yet remains poorly understood and largely invisible to public policy.

VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN: ASSESSING IMPACT

The ‘Multi Country Study on Violence Affecting Children’ is a nationally-driven action research project being carried out in collaboration with governments and national research institute partners in Italy, Peru, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. It is internationally facilitated by UNICEF Innocenti, in partnership with the University of Edinburgh and also works closely with researchers from the longstanding international longitudinal research study on childhood poverty Young Lives, based at the University of Oxford, which is active in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam.

The goals of the Violence Affecting children research project are to: (i) deepen understanding of the drivers of violence affecting children, leading to the design of effective initiatives at scale that prevent it; (ii) contribute to the global evidence base on how and why change happens; (iii) develop a replicable practice model on how to combine research and effective intervention to prevent violence affecting children.


A DEEPER DIVE

Starting in 2014, early indications of research impact began to appear. The project is designed to feed research findings back into national country programming to protect children on a real-time basis. For this reason research findings are increasingly linked with child rights advocacy in local political and legislative processes. As a result of the Research

to Policy and Practice (R3P) model developed by the project, priority is placed on local ownership and in-country secondary analysis of existing data. Research outcomes and instrumental (policy change) impacts appear to be emerging even before formal publication of research outputs and any obvious academic impact. Similarly, there are strong indications of capacity-building impact amongst national partners as well as of conceptual impact amongst national stakeholders.

UNICEF Innocenti is keen to substantiate these impact claims in order to demonstrate the value of the research investment. However, we are equally keen to document process learning of any added value of the R3P model and the seemingly fast-tracked research uptake process in order to feed into our future research investments. The University of Edinburgh will independently verify impact case studies from the Drivers of Violence work, with an initial focus on Peru.

Whilst acknowledging the difficulties of ‘attribution’ vs. ‘contribution’, claimed pathways to impact in Peru include changes in national legislation and public policies on corporal punishment; direct influence on national and international discourse and action plans relating to violence prevention; secondary analysis and use of previously suppressed sensitive national datasets on violence; maximizing value for money through use of existing data rather than commissioning unnecessary and expensive primary research; leveraging co-funding for new national budgeting for violence prevention and adoption of the R3P model in other countries outside the project. The UNICEF Peru Country Office is also engaging in south-south technical assistance exchange with the Paraguay Country Office as they completed their R3P. Peru is one of the four focal countries in the study.

Additional ‘softer’ impacts relate to claims of increased confidence, empowerment and voice amongst Peruvian researchers, civil servants and government officials. This is evidenced by a purposeful launch of the study results in July 2015, prior to the naming of the new Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations, ensuring continuity of investments.

This research impact case study is co-funded with the University of Edinburgh under the ESRC Impact Accelerator Grant scheme and adopts the Research Contribution Framework. This methodology acknowledges that assessing the impact of social science research on policy and practice is challenging and that linking research processes or outputs to wider change is difficult, with timescales hard to predict. Adapted from Contribution Analysis, the empirically-grounded framework can help identify the ways that research is taken up and used to influence policy and practice as well as to articulate wider benefits.

In addition to assessing any added value of the R3P model, the impact case study will also assess the value and nature of collaborative partnerships within the project, including between and beyond academics, as well as the role of charismatic champions. Finally, it will also seek to validate any claims of academic, conceptual, capacity-building and instrumental (policy) impact, including scale-up and spill-over effects, and identify process lessons to enhance future research uptake activities.


COMMUNICATIONS

The office made strides forward in expanding an array of new digital communication channels designed to increase visibility of evidence and research findings and expand online engagement. The Innocenti website www.unicef-irc.org was completely redesigned and went online in March 2016. The site provides a strong platform for digital engagement with extensive efforts having been made to ensure a clear, intuitive user experience for stakeholders. New features include comprehensive social media sharing, page template optimization to promote E-news subscription, an in-depth web research news section and archive, extended staff biographies, and a research blog module.

Web-generated E-newsletters and E-updates were launched in a new visual format, and initial web analytics show strong conversion results. The first two quarterly E-newsletters were published in September and December 2016. The total number of e-mail subscribers has grown from 5,400 in 2015 to 6,900 by the end of 2016.

A new, digital format of Research Watch (launched in 2011) was rolled out for the latest edition – ‘Children on the Move’ – published in coordination with the Data, Research and Policy Division’s flagship report on migrant children, in September 2016. On the date of launch The Guardian published a front page article referencing our work. Research Watch was recognized as an important knowledge/evidence component in a top global policy advocacy priority during the pre-General Assembly high level meetings on migration. Total Research Watch traffic grew significantly, albeit from a low base. Compared to the previous edition, Are We Failing Adolescent Girls?, Research Watch page views increased by a factor of 5, from 461 to 2,186 and video downloads increased by a factor of 2, from 1,891 to 3,300.

https://www.unicef-irc.org/newsletter/

https://www.unicef-irc.org/research-watch/Children-on-the-move/

https://www.unicef-irc.org/research-watch/are-we-failing-adolescent-girls/


COMMUNICATIONS

The ‘Evidence for Action’ sub-blog of UNICEF Connect was launched and has proven a highly successful forum for engagement and discussion on important research topics. Between September and December 2016 Innocenti posted blogs nearly every week and office enthusiasm for submitting posts is growing fast. Social media response has been favourable and readership metrics are encouraging. Evidence for Action posts authored by Innocenti researchers received more than 10,000 views and more than 6,000 sessions in 2016.

An important new research communication channel, the ‘Innocenti Podcast’, made its debut with a total of 10 podcasts produced and uploaded in 2016. The podcasts are hosted on SoundCloud and embedded in the Innocenti website with a dedicated page. Early response rates on social media are encouraging and we expect the channel to grow significantly in 2017.

Enhanced digital communication tools enhanced capacity to communicate research outputs on multiple channels, to expand visibility. Four ‘integrated digital media campaigns’ were mobilized on key research findings: child migration (Research Watch) in September, global data on bullying in October, Global Kids Online launch in October and the Understanding Children’s Experience of Violence series in November. These campaigns helped establish a replicable pattern for future integrated research dissemination/communication actions. Data visualization and infographics have had very powerful impact on social media outreach in support of research dissemination and communication.

https://www.unicef-irc.org/podcasts/


OPERATIONS

Through the generous contributions of its partners, Innocenti financial resources continued to grow in 2016. Total budget expenditure reached USD 7.8 million for the year. Over one third of total expenditure for 2016 came from the UNICEF institutional budget and regular resources. The Italian government continues to provide stable, flexible core resources. Additional project funding came from the United Kingdom Government (DfID and Home Affairs), Swedish Government (Sida), United States Government (USAID, US Department of Labor), Swiss and United Kingdom National Committees for UNICEF, as well as other foundation donors. The estimated budget allocation for Innocenti in 2017 is USD7.8 million.

2016 saw some significant staff changes. We said farewell to Ashu Handa, Chief of Social and Economic Policy, who returned to academia after three fruitful years building a major programme of work and a very capable team. We were delighted to welcome in his place Jose Cuesta, who joins us from the World Bank. We are also excited to welcome Bina D’Costa, from Australia National University, to launch a new programme on children in contexts of migration, displacement and conflict. Luigi Capriotti left us to join UNICEF Copenhagen, and George Merfu joined Innocenti as IT support, from the UNICEF Romania Country Office. The office welcomed eight Research Fellows (including two in partnership with the African Economic Research Consortium), and four interns in 2016.

Staff expertise is drawn from diverse professional settings including humanitarian response, fragile states and conflict, transitional, and development contexts. The staff/consultants came from fourteen countries adding office diversity both in terms of nationalities and language competencies. At the end of 2016, 74 per cent of staff were women.

The refurbishment of the new office space by the Istituto degli Innocenti, our host institution, started in January 2016 and expected to be completed in the last quarter of 2017.

2016 expenditure by source – US$7.8 million

Sweden6%

UNICEF National Committees3%

US Government(bilateral)

4%

UNICEF 36%

UK Government(bilateral)

28%

UNICEF Thematic1%

Governmentof Italy

22%

2016 expenditure by area – US$7.8 million

Communications 8%

Director’sof�ce andoperations

14%StrategicResearch

53%

Research facilitationand knowledge management

14%


PARTNERSHIPS

UNICEF Innocenti continued to create and strengthen a number of important partnerships with leading institutions in research, policy and practice. Research partners in the field are connected to a variety of national institutions, including government, civil society, non-governmental organizations and local research institutions, working together to implement quality research activities.

In 2016, UNICEF Innocenti signed a new cooperation agreement with its host, Istituto Degli Innocenti, which also continues to collaborate on the Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children as key technical partner for Italy. UNICEF is also contributing with permanent and temporary exhibitions to the newly opened Museo degli Innocenti.

In addition to engagement with UNICEF offices around the world, Innocenti strengthened strategic partnerships with other UN agencies and development partners including with the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), UN Women, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UN ESCWA), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Council of Europe, the European Commission on Fundamental Rights, the Economic and Social Research Council, and Save the Children International.

PARTICIPATION IN HIGH-IMPACT INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORA

Research ideas, tools and findings were presented and examined at various UNICEF thematic meetings, including global and regional network meetings on social policy, adolescence, child protection and monitoring and evaluation. UNICEF Innocenti Research findings and initiatives across the programme played a key role in the international conference on Adolescence, Youth and Gender: Building knowledge for change, at the University of Oxford in September.

Selected presentations at other high profile conferences included:

●● Social Protection Systems as a Way out of Poverty at Development Talks (Sweden)

●● The Impacts of Large-scale Programmes on HIV Risk at Children and HIV: Equity Now! (South Africa)

●● Children and Inequality papers were presented at the annual conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM): Inequalities: Addressing the growing challenge for policymakers worldwide (United Kingdom)

●● Insights into building an evidence culture were shared at What Works Global Summit (United Kingdom)

●● Reflections on Children and the Sustainable Development Goals at the CIFAR Forum on the Well-Being of the World’s Children (United Kingdom)

●● Global Kids Online findings at Children’s and Young People’s Rights in the Digital Age, International Association for Media and Communication Research (United Kingdom)

●● Child Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa at Development Studies Association Conference (United Kingdom).


PARTNERSHIPS

A number of research institutions and networks, esteemed academic and policymaker leaders were regularly engaged through formal and informal research project advisory functions, some of these are shown here.

THE LANCET COMMISSION ON ADOLESCENT HEALTH

GENDER AND ADOLESCENT GLOBAL EVIDENCE PROGRAMME GLOBAL KIDS ONLINE

TRANSFORMING HOUSEHOLDS REDUCING INCIDENCE OF VIOLENCE IN EMERGENCIES

YOUNG LIVES STUDY ON CHILDHOOD POVERTY

NETWORK OF LONGITUDINAL STUDIES (GLORI)

WHO COLLABORATIVE SURVEY HEALTH BEHAVIOUR IN SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN

KNOW VIOLENCE IN CHILDHOOD

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR CHILD INDICATORS (ISCI)

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INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN (ICRW)

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECT

HARVARD FXB CENTER FOR HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS

GRIFFITH UNIVERSITYMAASTRICT UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL FOR BUSINESS AND SOCIETY

LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICSUNIVERSITY OF YORK – DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL POLICY AND SOCIAL W

ORK

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COUNCIL OF EUROPE, EU

ROPEAN COMMISSION ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATION SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO)

UN WOMEN – GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWERMENT

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS (UNDESA)

UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND

SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL ON VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDRENFOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)

UN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (UNRISD)WHAT WORKS SUMMIT

UN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (UN ESCWA)

THE PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF PERU

UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBIA

INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, VIETNAM

WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA, ZIMBABW

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GROUP FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT (GRADE), PERU

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PARTNERSHIPS

INNOCENTI FELLOWSHIPS AND THE SEMINAR PROGRAMME Partnerships with academic institutions have been further strengthened through the Innocenti Senior Fellowship programme and an ongoing series of office seminars. Innocenti held over 30 research seminars in 2016, including lectures from visiting UNICEF specialists, interns, academics and other experts. Visiting scholars with research topics that complement ongoing projects were encouraged to join the team as senior fellows. The number of fellows joining the centre more than doubled in 2016, with 8 fellowships contributing to office seminars, peer-review, discussions and joint projects. This group included fellows from a new partnership with Sida and AERC, aimed at bringing promising early career African researchers to Innocenti to work on research related to cash transfers and child and adolescent well-being. The partnership with AERC will continue to support African PhD students on impact evaluation methods through a workshop in Senegal in 2017. Details of the fellowship programme can be found here: https://www.unicef-irc.org/aboutIRC/fellowship.html.

UNICEF Regional Of�cecovering South Asia

UNICEF Regional Of�ce covering West and Central Africa

UNICEF Head Quarters(various divisions and

technical areas)

UNICEF Regional Of�cecovering East and

Southern Africa

UNICEF Regional Of�cecovering Middle East

and North Africa

Where did we work in 2016?

Collaboration with UNICEF Regional Of�ces on research projects and research training

Key research partnerships with academic institutions and networks (north and South)

Partnerships with academic institutes in the South, and/or in partnership with UNICEF Country Of�ces

Innocenti Report Card Countries and other engagement with UNICEF National Committees

Technical advisory support to UNICEF Country Of�ces

Note: In the many instances where a country hosted many different types of collaborations with Innocenti, one category only is represented on the map.


INNOCENTI PUBLICATIONS


Innocenti Research Papers Comparing Approaches to Measure Child Multidimensional PovertyHjelm, L., Ferrone, L., Handa, S. and Chzhen, Y., Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-29 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/872/

Why Assist People Living in Poverty? The ethics of poverty reductionBarrientos, A., Abdulai, A-G., Demirag, D., de Groot, R. and Ragno, L.P., Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-27https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/871/

Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Viet Nam: Evidence from Young LivesVu Thi Thanh Huong, Innocenti Working Paper no.2016-26https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/15/

Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Ethiopia: Evidence from Young Lives. Morrow, V. and Sing, R., Innocenti Working Paper no.2016-25https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/15/

Child Poverty in Armenia: National Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis Ferrone, L. and Chzhen, Y., Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-24 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/862/

Happiness and Alleviation of Income Poverty: Impacts of an unconditional cash transfer programme using a subjective well-being approach Kilburn K, Handa S, Angeles G, Mvula P, and M Tsoka, Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-23https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/857/

The Effect of Cash Transfers and Household Vulnerability on Food Insecurity in Zimbabwe Bhalla G, Handa S, Angeles G, Seidenfeld, D., Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-22https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/859/

Can Unconditional Cash Transfers Lead to Sustainable Poverty Reduction? Evidence from two government-led programmes in ZambiaHanda, S., L. Natali, D. Seidenfeld, G. Tembo and B. Davis, Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-21https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/858/

Factors Associated with Good and Harsh Parenting of Pre-Adolescents and Adolescents in Southern AfricaSachin De Stone et al. Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-20https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/870/

Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India: Evidence from Young Lives Pankhurst, A., Negussie, N. and Mulugeta, E., Innocenti Working Paper no. 2016-19 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/15/

What We Know about Ethical Research Involving Children in Humanitarian Settings: An overview of principles, the literature and case studiesBerman, G., J. Hart, D. O’Mathúna, E. Mattellone, A. Potts, C. O’Kane, J. Shusterman, T. Tanner, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-18 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/849/

Understanding Children’s Experiences of Violence in Peru: Evidence from Young Lives Guerrero, G. and Rojas, V. Innocenti Working Paper 2016-17https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/865/

Child Poverty Dynamics and Income Mobility in Europe, 2010–2013Chzhen, Y., E. Toczydlowska and S. Handa, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-16https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/840/

Income Inequality among Children in Europe 2008–2013Toczydlowska, E., Y. Chzhen, Z. Bruckauf, S. Handa, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-15https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/842/

Poverty and Children’s Cognitive Trajectories: Evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort StudyBruckauf, Z. and Y. Chzhen, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-14https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/839/

Adolescents at Risk: Psychosomatic health complaints, low life satisfaction, excessive sugar consumption and their relationship with cumulative risk behavioursWalsh, S.D., Z. Bruckauf and T. Gaspar, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-13https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/844/

Children in the Bottom of Income Distribution in Europe: Risks and compositionToczydlowska, E., Innocenti Working Paper 2016-12https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/838/

Falling Behind: Socio-demographic profiles of educationally disadvantaged youth. Evidence from PISA 2006–2012Bruckauf, Z., Innocenti Working Paper 2016-11https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/837/

Family Affluence and Inequality in Adolescent Health and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the HBSC study 2002–2014Chzhen, Y., I. Moor, W. Pickett, G. Stevens and E. Toczydlowska, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-10https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/836/

Inequalities in Adolescent Health and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children studyChzhen, Y., Z. Bruckauf, K. Ng, D. Pavlova, T. Torsheim and M. Gaspar de Matos, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-09https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/835/

Education for All? Measuring inequality of educational outcomes among 15-year-olds across 39 industrialized nations Bruckauf, Z. and Y. Chzhen, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-08https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/843/

Early-life Exposure to Income Inequality and Adolescent Health: Evidence from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children StudyElgar, F.J. and C. Currie, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-07 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/826/

Why Income Inequalities Matter for Young People’s Health: A look at the evidenceAleman-Diaz, A., E. Toczydlowska, J. Mazur, D. Frasquilho, M. Melkumova and G. Holmqvist, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-06https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/834/

https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/872/


https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/15/


















https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/843/%20





Does Market Access Mitigate the Impact of Seasonality on Child Growth? Panel data evidence from northern EthiopiaAbay, K. and K. Hirvonen, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-05https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/846/

Governance and Policy Coordination: The case of birth registration in PeruMawson, A. and Peters, B. G., Innocenti Working Paper 2016-04https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/860/

Towards Inclusive Education: The impact of disability on school attendance in developing countriesMizunoya, S., S. Mitra and I. Yamasaki, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-03https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/845/

Making Money Work: Unconditional cash transfers allow women to save and re-invest in rural Zambia Natali, L., S. Handa, A. Peterman, D. Seidenfeld, G. Tembo, Zambia Cash Transfer Evaluation Team, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-02https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/827/

Cash for Women’s Empowerment? A mixed-methods evaluation of the Government of Zambia’s child grant programmeBonilla, J., R. Castro Zarzur, S. Handa, C. Nowlin, A. Peterman, H. Ring and D. Seidenfeld, Innocenti Working Paper 2016-01https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/796/

Experiences of Peer Bullying among Adolescents and Associated Effects on Young Adult Outcomes: Longitudinal evidence from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Viet Nam Pells, K., Ogando Portela, M.J. and Espinoza Revollo, P., Innocenti Discussion Paper no. 2016-03https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/863/

Parenting, Family Care and Adolescence in East and Southern Africa: An evidence-focused literature reviewBray, R., and A. Dawes, Innocenti Discussion Paper 2016-02https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/856/

One in Three: Internet governance and children’s rights Livingstone, S., Carr, J. and Byrne, J., Innocenti Discussion Paper no.2016-01https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/idp_2016_01.pdf

Innocenti Research BriefsSocial Protection and Childhood Violence: Expert Roundtable Cook, S., Neijhoft N., Palermo, T. and Peterman, A., Innocenti Research Brief no. 2016-11https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/850/

Measuring Adolescent Well-being: National Adolescent Assessment Cards (NAACs) Banati, P. and Diers J., Innocenti Research Brief no. 2016-10 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/853/

Initial Research Findings on Adolescent Well-being from the Office of Research – InnocentiBanati P., Innocenti Research Briefs no. 2016-09https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/855/

Cash Transfers and Gender: A closer look at the Zambian Child Grant ProgrammePeterman, A. and Natali, L., Innocenti Research Brief 2016-08https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/848/

Bottom-end Inequality: Are children with an immigrant background at a disadvantage?Bruckauf, Z., Chzhen, Y. and Toczydlowska, E., Innocenti Research Brief no. 2016-07https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/841/

Undermining Learning: Multi-country longitudinal evidence on corporal punishment in schoolsJones, H. and Pells, K., Innocenti Research Brief no. 2016-06https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/804/

Prevention, Protection, and Production: Evidence from the Zambian child grant programmePereira, A., Innocenti Research Brief no.2016-05https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/797/

The Impact of Cash Transfers on Food SecurityHjelm, L., Innocenti Research Brief no.2016-04 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/800/

The Zambian Government Unconditional Social Cash Transfer Programme does not Increase FertilityHjelm, L. and Palermo, T., Innocenti Research Briefs no. 2016-03 https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/798/

Cash Transfers Improve the Mental Health and Well-being of Youth: Evidence from the Kenyan cash transfer for orphans and vulnerable children Pereira, A., Innocenti Research Brief 2016-02https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/801/

Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfers in Africa Do Not Increase Fertility Palermo, T. and Hjelm, L., Innocenti Research Briefs 2016-01https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/799/

Utilizing Qualitative Methods in the Ghana LEAP 1000 Impact Evaluation Mills, M. and Barrington, C., Methodological Briefs no. 2016-02https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/852/

Ghana LEAP 1000 Impact Evaluation: Overview of study design de Groot, R., Methodological Briefs no. 2016-01https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/851/








https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/idp_2016_01.pdf














Innocenti Reports and Resources Global Kids Online Research Synthesis, 2015–2016 Byrne, J., Kardefelt-Winther, D., Livingstone, S., Stoilova, M. UNICEF and London School of Economics and Political Science, Global Kids Online https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/30/

Innocenti Adolescence Research Digest (Issues March, June, September, December 2016)A quarterly publication that synthesizes the latest research evidence, resources and news related to adolescent well-being in low- and middle-income countries. https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/series/25/

Introduction to Ethical Evidence Generation, training course UNICEF AGORAhttps://agora.unicef.org/course/info.php?id=2173

Innocenti Op-eds, Commentaries and Blogs Cash Transfers: What’s gender got to do with it? Amber Peterman, Luisa Natali, and Jennifer Yablonski, UNICEF Connect Blog; Transfer Projecthttps://blogs.unicef.org/blog/cash-transfers-whats-gender-got-to-do-with-it/

Global Dialogue on Research, Data and Evaluation within UNICEFNikola Balvin, UNICEF Connect Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/

Ethical Dilemmas and Research Management in International DevelopmentNikola Balvin, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/ethical-dilemmas-and-research-management-in-international-development/

Children on the Move: Asia’s child migrants Bina D’Costa, Innocenti web article https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1424/

Why Research Should Be a Priority in the Global Response to the Child Migration Crisis Rayyan Sabet-Parry and Bina D’Costa, UNICEF Evidence for Action Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/research-priority-global-response-child-migration-crisis/

Mapping Inequality for Child Well-being in Rich CountriesYekaterina Chzhen, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/blog/changing-inequality-in-rich-countries-for-child-well-being/

Tanzania to Integrate Violence Prevention for Women and Girls Catherine Maternowska, Innocenti web article https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1370/

Bringing Data on Violence out of Hiding: Peru and the Multi Country Study on Violence Affecting ChildrenCatherine Maternowska, Innocenti web article https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/bringing-data-violence-shadows-peru-25-year-journey/

Turning Cash into Goats: The cash transfer effect in Tanzania Leah Prencipe, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/turning-cash-into-goats-the-cash-transfer-effect-in-tanzania/

Cash Transfers and Fertility: New evidence from Africa Tia Palermo, UNICEF Connect Blog; Transfer Projecthttps://blogs.unicef.org/blog/cash-transfers-and-fertility-new-evidence-from-africa/

The Internet of Opportunities: What children sayJasmina Byrne and Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/the-internet-of-opportunities-what-children-say/

Evidence Based Policy on Child Internet Use in Latin AmericaMaría José Ravalli, Fabio Senne, Maria Eugenia Sozio, Patricio Cabello, Magdalena Claro, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/evidence-based-policy-child-internet-use-latin-america/

Piloting a Research Toolkit: Child internet use in rural South Africa Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/piloting-research-toolkit-child-internet-use-rural-south-africa/

Why We Need More Research on Children’s Use of the InternetJasmina Byrne, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/blog/why-we-need-more-research-on-childrens-use-of-the-internet/

South Africa Study on Child Internet Use Helps Build Global Research PartnershipRayyan Sabet Parry, Innocenti web article https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1447/

Violence against Children and Violence against Women Intersection Catherine Maternowska, Innocenti web article https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1370/

Bringing Data on Violence out of the Shadows in Peru: A 25 year journeyCatherine Maternowska, UNICEF Evidence for Action Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/bringing-data-violence-shadows-peru-25-year-journey/

Investigating Drivers of Violence Affecting Children in Viet NamCatherine Maternowska, UNICEF Evidence for Action Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/investigating-drivers-of-violence-affecting-children-in-viet-nam/;https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1489/

Making Research Count: Lessons on turning evidence into action from the Transfer ProjectAmber Peterman and Nikola Balvin, UNICEF Evidence for Action Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/tag/office-of-research-innocenti/ Re-posted on BetterEvaluation “Lessons on turning evidence into action from the Transfer Project”http://betterevaluation.org/en/blog/making-research-count-evidence-into-action

Food for Thought on Measuring Child Food InsecurityAudrey Pereira, UNICEF Evidence for Action Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/food-thought-measuring-child-food-insecurity/




https://agora.unicef.org/course/info.php?id=2173

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/cash-transfers-whats-gender-got-to-do-with-it/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/ethical-dilemmas-and-research-management-in-international-development/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/ethical-dilemmas-and-research-management-in-international-development/

https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/1424/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/research-priority-global-response-child-migration-crisis/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/research-priority-global-response-child-migration-crisis/

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/changing-inequality-in-rich-countries-for-child-well-being/


https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/bringing-data-violence-shadows-peru-25-year-journey/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/bringing-data-violence-shadows-peru-25-year-journey/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/turning-cash-into-goats-the-cash-transfer-effect-in-tanzania/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/turning-cash-into-goats-the-cash-transfer-effect-in-tanzania/

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/cash-transfers-and-fertility-new-evidence-from-africa/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/the-internet-of-opportunities-what-children-say/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/the-internet-of-opportunities-what-children-say/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/evidence-based-policy-child-internet-use-latin-america/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/evidence-based-policy-child-internet-use-latin-america/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/piloting-research-toolkit-child-internet-use-rural-south-africa/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/piloting-research-toolkit-child-internet-use-rural-south-africa/

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/why-we-need-more-research-on-childrens-use-of-the-internet/

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/why-we-need-more-research-on-childrens-use-of-the-internet/




https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/tag/office-of-research-innocenti/

http://betterevaluation.org/en/blog/making-research-count-evidence-into-action

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/food-thought-measuring-child-food-insecurity/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/food-thought-measuring-child-food-insecurity/



From a Human Face to Human Emotion: Valuing feelings in development Jose Cuesta, UNICEF Evidence for Action Blog https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/human-emotion-valuing-feelings-development/

Cash Transfers and Improved Child Nutrition: Where did all the impacts go? Richard de Groot UNICEF Evidence for Action bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/cash-transfers-and-improved-child-nutrition-where-did-all-the-impacts-go/ Re-posted on the Transfer Project blog:https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/?p=4322

Evaluation of Social Cash Transfers in sub-Saharan AfricaTia Palermo, UNICEF – Innocenti Podcasthttps://soundcloud.com/unicef-office-of-research/tiapodcast-mixdown

No One Left Behind: Linking families to essential social servicesRemy Pigois and Anne Bossuyt, UNICEF Connect Bloghttps://blogs.unicef.org/blog/no-one-left-behind-linking-families-essential-social-services/

EXTERNAL PUBLICATIONS

Books and Chapters in Books From Evidence to Action: The Story of Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (2016). Cambridge University Press

The Transfer Project, Cash Transfers and Impact Evaluation in Sub-Saharan AfricaDavis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (2016). In From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

Implementing Rigorous Evaluations in the Real World: The quantitative approach to evaluation design in the Transfer Project Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (2016). In From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

Social Protection and the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) Programme in Ghana: Generating positive change through the power of evidenceRagno, L.P. et al (2016) in Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (eds) (2016). From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

Zimbabwe Uses Evidence to Overcome Political and Economic Challenges to Starting a National Conditional Cash Transfer Programme Seidenfeld, D, Dumba, L, Handa, S., Muwoni, L., Reeves, H. and Sammon, E. (2016). In Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (eds) From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

The Social Cash Transfer Programme of Malawi: The role of evaluation from the pilot to the expansion Angeles, G., et al. (2016). In Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (eds) From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

Conclusions and Policy Implications for Cash Transfer Programmes Davis, B. et al. (2016). In Davis, B., Handa, S., Hypher, N., Winder Rossi, N., Winters, P. and Yablonski, J. (eds) From Evidence to Action: The story of cash transfers and impact evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press

Pinning Down a Paper Tiger: Some practice observations on the monitoring and reporting mechanism in Nepal and Asian contexts Knudsen, A. and Godwin, M. (2016). In d’Costa, B. (ed) Children and Violence Politics in South Asia, Cambridge University Press

Journal Articles and Research Papers The Effect of Education on Adult Women’s Experience of Forced Sex in Malawi and Uganda: Universal primary education as a natural experiment.Behrman J, Peterman A and T Palermo (2016). Journal of Adolescent Health, (in press). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X16303548

The Way to a Man’s Heart is through his Stomach?: A mixed methods study on the causal mechanisms through which cash and in-kind food transfers decreased intimate partner violence.Buller, A. M., Hidrobo, M., Peterman, A. and Heise, L. (2016). BMC Public Health (16)https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-3129-3

Multidimensional Child Deprivation and Poverty Measurement: Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Chzhen, Y. and Ferrone, L. (2016). Social Indicators Research. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11205-016-1291-8

Child Poverty in the European Union: The Multiple Overlapping Deprivation Analysis Approach (EU-MODA)Chzhen, Y., de Neubourg, C., de Milliano, M. and Plavgo, I., Child Indicators Research, June 2016, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp 335-356 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12187-015-9321-7

Does Keeping Adolescent Girls in School Protect against Sexual Violence? Quasi-experimental evidence from East and Southern Africa. Behrman, J., Peterman, A. and Palermo, T. Journal of Adolescent Health, 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X16303548

Impact of Cash Transfer Programs on Food Security and Nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-country analysis Daidone, S., Ruvalcaba, M.A., Prifti, E., Handa, S., Davis, B., Niang, O., Pellerano, L., Quarles van Ufford, P. and Seidenfeld, D. (2016). Global Food Security Volume 11, December 2016, 72–83 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211912415300298

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/human-emotion-valuing-feelings-development/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/human-emotion-valuing-feelings-development/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/cash-transfers-and-improved-child-nutrition-where-did-all-the-impacts-go/

https://blogs.unicef.org/evidence-for-action/cash-transfers-and-improved-child-nutrition-where-did-all-the-impacts-go/

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/?p=4322

https://soundcloud.com/unicef-office-of-research/tiapodcast-mixdown

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/no-one-left-behind-linking-families-essential-social-services/

https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/no-one-left-behind-linking-families-essential-social-services/

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X16303548%20

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-016-3129-3

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11205-016-1291-8

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12187-015-9321-7

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X16303548

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211912415300298


Time Discounting and Credit Market Access in a Large-Scale Cash Transfer ProgrammeHanda, S., Martorano, B., Halpern, C.T., Pettifor, A. and Thirumurthy, H. (2016). Journal of African Economies 25(3): 367-387. http://jae.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/3/367

How Does a National Poverty Program Influence Sexual Debut among Kenyan Adolescents?Handa, S., Palermo, T., Rosenberg, M., Pettifor, A., Tucker Halpern, C. and Thirumurthy, H. (2016) Global Public Health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1134617 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17441692.2015.1134617

The Social and Economic Impacts of Zambia’s Child Grant ProgramHanda, S., Seidenfeld, D., David, B., Tembo, G. and the Zambia Cash Transfer Evaluation Team (2016).Journal of Policy Analysis and Management (25)1. doi: 10.1093/jae/ejv031http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.21892/abstract

The Impact of Zambia’s Unconditional Child Grant on Schooling and Work: Results from a large-scale social experiment Handa, S., Natali, L., Seidenfeld, D. and Tembo, G. (2016). Journal of Development Effectiveness, 8:3. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206605 The Effect of Cash, Vouchers and Food Transfers on Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Northern Ecuador Hidrobo, M., Peterman, A. and Heise, L. (2016). American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (8(3): 284–303). http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150048

Physical, Emotional and Sexual Adolescent Abuse Victimisation in South Africa: Prevalence, incidence, perpetrators and locationsMeinck, F., Cluver, F., Boyes, M. Loening-Voysey, H. (2016). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health March 2016. http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/03/09/jech-2015-205860.full?sid=9b87cdc5-729f-4704-bc55-33de28225460

Unconditional Government Social Cash Transfer in Africa Does Not Increase FertilityPalermo, T., Handa, S., Peterman, A., Prencipe, L. and Seidenfeld, D. on behalf of the Zambia CGP Evaluation Team (2016). Journal of Population Economics, doi: 10.1007/s00148-016-0596-x http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00148-016-0596x

Social Networks, Social Participation, and Health among Youth Living in Extreme Poverty in Rural MalawiRock, A., Barrington, C., Abdoulayi, S., Tsoka, M., Mvula, P. and Handa, S. (2016). Social Science and Medicine 170: 55-62.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953616305640

Equity and Achievement in Access to Contraceptives in East Africa between 2000 and 2010Shah, C. M., Griffith, A.M., Ciera, J., Zulu, E.M. and Palermo, T. (2016). International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 133(1): 53-58.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020729215007298

Navigating Support, Resilience, and Care: Exploring the impact of informal social networks on the rehabilitation and care of young female survivors of sexual violence in northern Uganda Stark, L., Landis, D., Thomson, B. and Potts, A., Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, Vol 22(3), Aug 2016, 217-225. Special Section: Understanding Children and Armed Conflict. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pac/22/3/217/

Is Routine Screening for Intimate Partner Violence Feasible in Public Health Care Settings in Kenya? Undie, C. C., Maternowska, M. C., Mak’anyengo, M. and Askew, I. (2016). Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2016 Jan;31(2):282-301. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381272

What Makes a School a Learning Organisation?Kools, M. and Stoll, L. (2016). OECD Education Working Papers, No. 137, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlwm62b3bvh-en

Prevalence of Violence in Childhood and Adolescents and the Impact on Educational Outcomes: Evidence from the 2013 Peruvian national survey on social relations Fry, D. et al. (2016). International Health. 2016 Jan;8(1):44-52.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26782352

Does Market Access Mitigate the Impact of Seasonality on Child Growth? Panel data evidence from northern Ethiopia Abay, K. and Hirvonen, K. (2016). Journal of Development Studies: 1- 16. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220388.2016.1251586

Equity and Achievement in Access to Contraceptives in East Africa between 2000 and 2010 Shah, C., Griffith, A., Ciera, J., Zulu, E. M. and Palermo, T. (2016). International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 133 (1): 53-58. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020729215007298

Unemployment, Social Protection Spending and Child Poverty in the European Union during the Great Recession Chzhen, Y. (2016). Journal of European Social Policy, 1-15 http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0958928716676549

Early Life Income Inequality and Adolescent Health and Well-being Elgar, F., Gariepy, G., Torsheim, T. and Currie, C. (2016). Social Science and Medicine. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953616305822

Financial Access to Health Care for Older People in Cambodia: 10-year trends (2004-14) and determinants of catastrophic health expenses Jacobs, B., de Groot, R., Antunes, A. F. (2016). International Journal for Equity in Health, 15(94)https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-016-0383-z

The Relationship between Parental Presence and Child Sexual Violence: Evidence from thirteen countries in sub-Saharan AfricaKidman, R. and Palermo, T. (2016). Child Abuse & Neglect, 51: 172–180http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213415003762

Age and Intimate Partner Violence: An analysis of global trends among women experiencing victimization in 30 developing countriesPeterman, A., Bleck, J. and Palermo, T. (2015). Journal of Adolescent Healthhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X15003304

Current MUAC Cut-Offs to Screen for Acute Malnutrition Need to be Adapted to Gender and Age: The example of Cambodia Fiorentino, M., Sophonneary, P., Laillou, A., Whitney, S., de Groot, R., Perignon, M., Kuong, K., Berger, J. and Wieringa, F. T. (2016). PLoS One: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0146442


http://jae.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/3/367

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1134617

http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1134617

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17441692.2015.1134617

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pam.21892/abstract

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206605

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19439342.2016.1206605

http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20150048

http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/03/09/jech-2015-205860.full?sid=9b87cdc5-729f-4704-bc55-33de28225460

http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/03/09/jech-2015-205860.full?sid=9b87cdc5-729f-4704-bc55-33de28225460

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00148-016-0596x



http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pac/22/3/217/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25381272

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlwm62b3bvh-en

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26782352

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220388.2016.1251586


http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0958928716676549


https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-016-0383-z


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X15003304

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0146442



PUBLICATIONS WITH PARTNERS

Research BriefsGhana LEAP 1000 Impact Evaluation: Analysis of transfer size and estimated impactsde Groot, R. and Handa, A. (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-11. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Analysis-of-transfer-size-and-estimated-impacts.pdf

Ghana LEAP 1000 Impact Evaluation: Baseline highlightsde Groot R. (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-09. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Baseline-highlights.pdf

Ghana LEAP 1000 impact evaluation: Targeting effectiveness de Groot, R. and Handa, A. (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-10. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Targeting-effectiveness-in-LEAP-1000.pdf

Ghana LEAP Programme Increases Schooling Outcomes de Groot, R. (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-04. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-programme-increases-schooling-outcomes.pdf

Measurement of Interpersonal Violence in National Social Cash Transfer EvaluationsPalermo, T. (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-05. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Measurement-of-interpersonal-violence-in-national-social-cash-transfer-evaluations.pdf

Innovative Research on the Impact of Social Cash Transfers in Africa The Transfer Project Team (2016). Transfer Project Research Brief 2016-03. Chapel Hill, NC: Carolina Population Center, UNC-Chapel Hill. https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/TTP-Update_5.pdf

Research Reports and ResourcesGlobal Research on Children’s Online Experiences: Addressing diversities and inequalities Banaji, S. (2016). London: Global Kids Online.http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Survey Sampling and Administration Barbosa, A., and Pitta, M. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Ethical Considerations for Research with Children Berman, G. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/ethics/

Using Research Findings for PolicymakingByrne, J., Albright, K. and Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/policy/

From Research Findings to Policy-making: Children’s rights in a digital ageByrne, J., Albright, K. and Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Global Data on the Bullying of School-aged Children Richardson, D. and Hiu, C. F. (2016). Ending the Torment: Tackling bullying from the schoolyard to cyberspace, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children New York. http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/sites/default/files/2016/End%20bullying/bullyingreport.pdf

Çocuklarla İlgili Ve Çocuklarla Birlikte Yapilan Araştirmalarda Gözetilecek Etik Kurallar / Ethical Research Involving Children, Turkish editionGraham, A., Powell, M., Taylor, N., Anderson, D. and Fitzgerald, R. (2016). http://childethics.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ERIC_Turkish.pdf

Global and Regional Comparative Analysis of Children’s Internet UseHasebrink, U. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

The Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children: Country Report – ItalyIsituto degli Innocenti. http://www.istitutodeglinnocenti.it/?q=content/la-violenza-famiglia

The Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children: Country Report – Peruhttps://www.unicef.org/peru/spanish/resources_33614.htm

The Multi-Country Study on the Drivers of Violence Affecting Children: Country Report – Zimbabwe https://www.unicef.org/zimbabwe/resources_18996.html

Participatory Methods: Engaging children’s voices and experiences in researchKleine, D., Pearson, G. and Poveda, S. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Research Framework for Online Risks and OpportunitiesLivingstone, S. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Global Kids Online Montenegro Logar, S., Anzelm, D., Lazic, D., Vujacic, V. (2016) http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Country-report_Montenegro_28-Oct.pdf

Adopting and Adapting a Standardised Modular Survey Ólafsson, K. (2016). London: Global Kids Online http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

South African Kids Online: Barriers, opportunities and risks. A glimpse into South African children’s internet use and online activities. Technical Report Phyfer J., Burton P. and Leoschut, L. (2016). Cape Town: Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GKO_Country-Report_South-Africa_CJCP_upload.pdf

Conducting Qualitative and Quantitative Research with Children of Different AgesPlatt, L. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

The Challenges of Researching Online Child Sexual Exploitation and AbuseQuayle, E. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Analysis-of-transfer-size-and-estimated-impacts.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Analysis-of-transfer-size-and-estimated-impacts.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Baseline-highlights.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Baseline-highlights.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Targeting-effectiveness-in-LEAP-1000.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-1000-impact-evaluation-Targeting-effectiveness-in-LEAP-1000.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-programme-increases-schooling-outcomes.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Ghana-LEAP-programme-increases-schooling-outcomes.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Measurement-of-interpersonal-violence-in-national-social-cash-transfer-evaluations.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Measurement-of-interpersonal-violence-in-national-social-cash-transfer-evaluations.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/


http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/ethics/

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/policy/


http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/sites/default/files/2016/End%20bullying/bullyingreport.pdf

http://srsg.violenceagainstchildren.org/sites/default/files/2016/End%20bullying/bullyingreport.pdf

http://childethics.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ERIC_Turkish.pdf


http://www.istitutodeglinnocenti.it/?q=content/la-violenza-famiglia

https://www.unicef.org/peru/spanish/resources_33614.htm

https://www.unicef.org/zimbabwe/resources_18996.html



http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Country-report_Montenegro_28-Oct.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Country-report_Montenegro_28-Oct.pdf


http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GKO_Country-Report_South-Africa_CJCP_upload.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/GKO_Country-Report_South-Africa_CJCP_upload.pdf





Global Kids Online: Serbia Popadic, D., Pavlovic, Z., Petrovic, D. and Kuzmanovic, D. (2016).http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Serbia-final-26-Oct-2016.pdf

Global Kids Online: Argentina Ravalli, M. and Paoloni, P. (2016). http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Argentina_28-Oct.pdf

Global Kids Online: The Philippines Tan, M., Ylade, M. and Estacio, L. (2016). http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/reportphilippines/

Reaching the Global Target for StuntingShekar, M., Kakietek, J., Dayton Eberwein, J., Akuoku, J. K., Pereira, A. (2016). In Shekar, M., Kakietek, J., Dayton Eberwein, J. and Walters, D. (2016). An Investment Framework for Nutrition: Reaching the global targets for stunting, anaemia, breastfeeding and wasting. World Bank Report, Washington DC.https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25292

Researching the Global Opportunities for Children Online Third, A. (2016). London: Global Kids Online. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/tools/guides/

Ghana LEAP 1000 Programme: Baseline Evaluation Report UNICEF Office of Research; Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana; Carolina Population Center; Navrongo Health Research Centre (2016). https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LEAP-1000-Baseline-Report_2016.pdf

Options for a ‘Cash Plus’ Intervention to Enhance Adolescent Well-being in Tanzania: An introduction and review of the evidence from different programme models in eastern and southern Africa Working Paper. Watson, C. and Palermo, Tia (2016). https://www.unicef-irc.org/files/documents/d-3885-Social_Protection_Plus_Workshop_Background_Paper.pdf

COMMENTARIES, BLOGS AND OP-EDS Our Not-so-dirty Little Secret – and What Cash Has To Do with ItAmber Peterman, Melissa Hidrobo and Lori Heise. Thomas Reuters Foundation.http://news.trust.org/item/20160805141528-pv58i/

Gender Socialisation during AdolescenceNikola Balvin. Guest Blog @ Young Lives. http://www.younglives.org.uk/content/guest-blog-gender-socialization-during-adolescence

Can Cash Transfer Prevent Intimate Partner Violence?Melissa Hidrobo, Amber Peterman and Shalini Roy. IFPRI Policies, Institutions, and Marketshttp://pim.cgiar.org/2016/05/16/can-cash-transfers-prevent-intimate-partner-violence/

What Is the Role of Cash Transfer Programmes in Achieving Zero Hunger In Sub-Saharan Africa?Lisa Hjelm. Transfer Project.https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/?p=3536

Connecting the Dots between Social Protection and Childhood Violence: A neglected research agenda Tia Palermo and Anastasia Neijhoft. Know Violence; Transfer Project. http://www.knowviolenceinchildhood.org/blog/connecting-the-dots-between-social-protection-and-childhood-violence-a-neglected-research-agenda/

Cash for Free: Who’s in The Driver’s Seat?Amber Peterman and Sudhanshu Handa. Forbes.http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/09/16/cash-for-free-whos-in-the-drivers-seat/#250959523238

Effective Public Policy Solutions for Global Violence Prevention: A workshop, National Academy of Sciences. http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Global/ViolenceForum/2016-DEC-01/Videos/Welcome/1-Welcome-Video.aspx

The Rwanda Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme (VUP): Public works and women’s empowerment Pamela Pozarny. University of Birmingham International Development bloghttps://iddbirmingham.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/the-rwanda-vision-2020-umurenge-programme-vup-public-works-and-womens-empowerment/

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Serbia-final-26-Oct-2016.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Serbia-final-26-Oct-2016.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Argentina_28-Oct.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Country-report_Argentina_28-Oct.pdf

http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/gko/reportphilippines/

https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25292


https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LEAP-1000-Baseline-Report_2016.pdf

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/LEAP-1000-Baseline-Report_2016.pdf

https://www.unicef-irc.org/files/documents/d-3885-Social_Protection_Plus_Workshop_Background_Paper.pdf

https://www.unicef-irc.org/files/documents/d-3885-Social_Protection_Plus_Workshop_Background_Paper.pdf

http://news.trust.org/item/20160805141528-pv58i/

http://pim.cgiar.org/2016/05/16/can-cash-transfers-prevent-intimate-partner-violence/

http://pim.cgiar.org/2016/05/16/can-cash-transfers-prevent-intimate-partner-violence/

https://transfer.cpc.unc.edu/?p=3536

http://www.knowviolenceinchildhood.org/blog/connecting-the-dots-between-social-protection-and-childhood-violence-a-neglected-research-agenda/

http://www.knowviolenceinchildhood.org/blog/connecting-the-dots-between-social-protection-and-childhood-violence-a-neglected-research-agenda/

http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Global/ViolenceForum/2016-DEC-01/Videos/Welcome/1-Welcome-Video.aspx

http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Global/ViolenceForum/2016-DEC-01/Videos/Welcome/1-Welcome-Video.aspx

https://iddbirmingham.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/the-rwanda-vision-2020-umurenge-programme-vup-public-works-and-womens-empowerment/

https://iddbirmingham.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/the-rwanda-vision-2020-umurenge-programme-vup-public-works-and-womens-empowerment/

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Documents

2016 RESULTS REPORT - UNICEF-IRC › publications › pdf › Results Report 2016_… · GENDER AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION UNICEF Strategic Plan – Outcome Areas. 2016 RESULTS REPORT