2017 National History Bowl National Championships€¦ · After participating in a battle in the Sinjar Mountains to aid eeing Yazidis, the Peshmerga of Massoud Barzani's Kurdistan

2017 National History Bowl National Championships

Playoff Round 3

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Quarter 1

Tossups Only

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Quarter 2Tossups and bonuses

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Round: Playoffs 3

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Quarter 4

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Final Score

Quarter 3

60 sec. rds - trailing team

goes first. 10 pts each.

20 pt bonus for sweep!

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Bounceback Bounceback

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Tie Breaker (Sudden

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NHBB Nationals Bowl 2016-2017 Bowl Playoff Packet 3

Bowl Playoff Packet 3First Quarter

(1) Murray Rothbart called this man’s magnum opus the “greatest work of libertarian philosophy everwritten.” Margaret Thatcher’s proclamation that “There Is No Alternative” derives from this man’s work.This author’s attempts to introduce Lamarckism to sociology were opposed by the American SociologicalAssociation. In a dissent, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. proclaimed that “The 14th Amendment does notenact” this person’s most famous work. For ten points, name this Victorian political theorist and authorof Social Statics who coined the term “survival of the fittest.”

ANSWER: Herbert Spencer

(2) A cult located on Mount Soracte engaged in practices similar to those practiced on this day. Duringthis celebration, two youths would be taken to an altar to have blood smeared on their foreheads, afterwhich they were expected to laugh. Mark Antony crowned Caesar during this festival in 44 BC. Youngmen and women were paired off in a fertility lottery during this festival, which landed on February 15th.For ten points, name this ancient Roman pastoral festival whose name derives from the Latin word for“wolf.”

ANSWER: Lupercalia (prompt on February 15th before mentioned)

(3) This country’s military received an outpouring of foreign aid in the Building Partner Capacityprogram. This country was the site of the Anbar offensive, which contained Operation Breaking Terrorismand the capture of Ramadi. After participating in a battle in the Sinjar Mountains to aid fleeing Yazidis,the Peshmerga of Massoud Barzani’s Kurdistan are currently working with this country’s troops to defeatISIS. For ten points, name this country, site of the ongoing battle of Mosul.

ANSWER: Iraq

(4) While this city was led for two decades by mayor Sharpe James, crime rates rose along the highlypolluted Passaic River. James was the co-subject of the documentary Street Fight with his successor asmayor of this city, a man who took over Frank Lautenberg’s Senate seat in 2013. In 2010, Mark Zuckerbergmade a $100 million donation to this city’s public school system. For ten points, name this city in NewJersey once led by current Senator Cory Booker.

ANSWER: Newark

(5) This man notes how he “will miss the battles and the wars” after thanking a man called “Coop” for“standing side by side.” In that speech, this man appreciated the support of “the Commissioner, DavidStern,” and after affirming that his wife Cookie had “no problem,” he pledged “I plan on going on livingfor a long time.” Despite giving that retirement speech, this man was later able to play on the 1992 DreamTeam with longtime rival Larry Bird. For ten points, name this Los Angeles Laker who, on November 7,1991, announced his immediate retirement due to HIV.

ANSWER: Earvin “Magic” Johnson Jr.

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(6) This colony was the site of the Battle of Ocho Rios, which reaffirmed its British seizure from theSpanish under the expedition of Robert Venables. In this colony, Samuel Sharpe led a slave rebellionon Christmas Day sometimes called the Baptist War. Other uprisings in this colony culminated in twoMaroon Wars and the Morant Bay Rebellion. The pirate haven of Port Royal was located in, for tenpoints, what Caribbean island whose capital was moved by the British from Spanish Town to Kingston?

ANSWER: Jamaica

(7) The failed Wagner-Rogers Bill attempted to help 20,000 children during this event. Josiah E. Duboisauthored the “Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in” this event, whichattacked the State Department’s apathy toward it. The War Refugee Board rescued thousands of victimsof this event, though Cuba and the United States refused entry to 900 people fleeing this event aboard theSS Saint Louis. For ten points, name this event that was more or less neglected by FDR’s administrationuntil US troops started liberating concentration camps.

ANSWER: The Holocaust (or Shoah)

(8) Gerhard Ertl won the 2007 Nobel prize for discovering that the rate limiting step of this processis the cleavage of a triple bond catalyzed by iron. The discovery of this process rendered the Alliedtrade blockade of Chilean saltpeter ineffective. This process involves removing its product, compellingthis reaction to continue in a textbook example of Le Chatelier’s principle. Most of the world’s fertilizeris produced via, for ten points, what industrial process that uses hydrogen and nitrogen to synthesizeammonia.

ANSWER: Haber-Bosch process

(9) A leader of this movement later founded the Union Movement, advocating the “Europe a Nation”Policy. Supporters of this movement organized an October 1936 march that was met by protesters and theMetropolitan Police; over 100 people were injured in the ensuing Battle of Cable Street. This movementrepresented “action through unity” with its Flash and Circle. For ten points, name this political movementthat, in London, was led by Oswald Mosley, whose followers wore black shirts as inspired by Mussolini.

ANSWER: British fascism (accept British Union of Fascists or BUF; accept anything to do withfascism in England; prompt on descriptions of pro-Nazi politics or sympathy)

(10) After a victory, this commander called his enemy “an obstinate old ass bent upon her ruin.” Late inlife, this man emancipated the slaves that he had kept at his family home of Traveller’s Rest. An aide tothis commander, John Armstrong, authored a letter that was circulated in the Newburgh Conspiracy, andhis appointment as President of the Board of War touched off the Conway Cabal. For ten points, namethis Revolutionary War general who lost the Battle of Camden but earlier won the Battle of Saratoga.

ANSWER: Horatio Gates

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Second Quarter

(1) Scott Weidensaul described the “first” version of this concept along the Eastern Seaboard. Thisconcept titles a speech that notes “the problems are not all solved and the battles are not all won,” andclaims “we stand today on the edge of” a “New” version of this concept. The U.S. Census of 1890 wascited in a paper discussing the “Significance” of this concept “in American History” by University ofWisconsin historian Frederick Jackson Turner. John F. Kennedy described the 1960s as, for ten points,what idea, the area on the edge of settlement?

ANSWER: the American Frontier (accept First Frontier; accept New Frontier; accept Frontierthesis)

BONUS: JFK’s aforementioned “New Frontier” speech was given for this occasion, which took place atthe Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles and was described by Norman Mailer’s “Superman Comes to theSupermarket.”

ANSWER: 1960 Democratic National Convention (or 1960 DNC; accept descriptive answersof Kennedy accepting the Democratic nomination for President, prompting on partial answers like“acceptance speech”)

(2) This man was suspended without salary for 11 months after a drunken incident in which he nearlyhung two sailors who had left their quarters. This man was sent on his most famous voyage with the intentof finding “all the totally unknown provinces of Beach.” On one voyage, this man stayed for four weeksin Mauritius until the Roaring Forties allowed him to swiftly sail eastward. He was assisted by a FransVisscher on a 1642 voyage during which he discovered an island that he named Van Diemen’s Land. Forten points, name this Dutch explorer who discovered New Zealand and an Australian island now namedfor him.

ANSWER: Abel Janszoon Tasman

BONUS: Tasman made a 1644 voyage to Australia that left from present-day Jakarta, which, at the time,had this name while under the control of the Dutch East India Company.

ANSWER: Batavia

(3) This man was appointed to lead a foreign intervention in the November Uprising after August vonGneisenau died of cholera, though this man later died of cholera, too. This man described a “fascinatingtrinity” made up of violence, chance, and subordination and, while discussing decision making in the faceof uncertain circumstances, coined the term “fog of war.” This man noted that “War is the continuationof politics by other means” in his most famous work. For ten points, name this 19th century Prussiancommander, the author of On War.

ANSWER: Carl von Clausewitz

BONUS: Clausewitz was taken prisoner in this set of twin battles, a disastrous October 1806 defeat forPrussia that opened Berlin to the French.

ANSWER: Battle(s) of Jena-Auerstadt (prompt if only one is given by saying “I need both”)

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(4) An artificial waterway completed in 1984 connects this river to the Tombigbee River. A state thatlies just south of this river’s Nickajack Lake has periodically attempted to adjust its border north to getits water. George Norris sponsored an early attempt to dam this river at Muscle Shoals. Huntsville andChattanooga also lie along, for ten points, what largest tributary of the Ohio River, whose namesakevalley was the focus of a dam-building New Deal agency?

ANSWER: Tennessee River (accept Tennessee Valley (Authority); prompt on TVA after “valley” isread)

BONUS: Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley, formed in 1966 by damming the Tennessee River and itstributary the Cumberland River respectively, surround what National Recreation Area that lies mostly inKentucky?

ANSWER: Land Between The Lakes National Recreation Area

(5) After this man’s starving forces flanked Carlos Oronez at the Miahuatlan River, he marched onOaxaca [wah-HAH-kah]. This man seized power after a victory at Tecoac allowed him to exile SebastianTejada, whom he had earlier opposed by issuing the Plan of Tuxtepec [toosh-teh-pek]. This man, who wasadvised by a series of technocratic experts known as the cientificos, was overthrown after a fraudulentelection in which he “defeated” Francisco Madero. For ten points, name this general who ruled for nearlyforty years prior to the Mexican Revolution.

ANSWER: (Jose de la Cruz) Porfirio Diaz Mori

BONUS: Francisco Madero, enraged that the aforementioned 1910 election was stolen from him, wrotethis document attacking Diaz’s corrupt, dictatorial rule and arguing for armed revolution. It worked; ayear later, Diaz’s government was gone.

ANSWER: Plan of San Luis Potosi

(6) This island is home to Samaria Gorge National Park, established as a refuge for a population of feralgoats known as kri-kri. This island, which was known as Candia while under Venetian rule, was wherethe Phaistos disc was excavated. This island was home to a Bronze Age civilization that was the target ofArthur Evans’ excavations and which used the still-undeciphered Linear A script. Heraklion is the largestcity on, for ten points, what Greek island whose ancient city of Knossos was the center of the Minoancivilization?

ANSWER: Crete

BONUS: A volcanic eruption on this other Aegean island during the second millennium BC may havecaused the collapse of the Minoan civilization and has also been called an inspiration for the Atlantislegend.

ANSWER: Santorini (or Thera)

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(7) Mayor William O’Dwyer appointed this man to a “coordinator” position, from which he developedpublic authorities to avoid the legislative process. Walter O’Malley’s disagreement with this man over theconstruction of a new stadium for the Brooklyn Dodgers prompted the team’s move to Los Angeles. Thisman, who is often erroneously blamed for the demolition of Penn Station, is the subject of Robert Caro’sbiography, The Power Broker. For ten points, name this New York city planner notorious for his aversionto public transportation.

ANSWER: Robert Moses

BONUS: Moses’s pro-highway philosophy was strongly criticized by this author of The Death and Life ofGreat American Cities.

ANSWER: Jane Jacobs (accept Jane Butzner)

(8) This man supported Phocas as Byzantine Emperor over Maurice, who had been emperor while thisman was serving as apocrisiarius. He built the Monastery of Saint Andrew on the Caelian Hill, which hisfamily owned. This man cultivated peace with Agilulf by meeting with his wife, Theodelinda, Queen ofLombardy, and he dispatched Augustine of Canterbury to convert the British Isles. For ten points, namethis 6th century pope who laid the foundation for the medieval papacy and whose love for music inspireda series of namesake chants for use in monasteries.

ANSWER: Pope Saint Gregory the Great (or Gregory I; accept Gregorian chant after “chant” isread)

BONUS: Gregory was forced to deal with the Byzantine Exarchate located in Italy that was named afterthis city, which had previously served as the final capital of the Western Roman Empire.

ANSWER: Ravenna

(9) The founder of this kingdom belonged to the Banu al-Ahmar clan in Arjona. This kingdom supporteda failed invasion by the Marinid dynasty, which was defeated at the Battle of Rıo Salado. This kingdomwas able to unite the remaining independent cities after defeat at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. Aruler of this kingdom was, after its fall, given an estate in the Alpujarras; that man, Boabdil, ruled fromthe Alhambra palace. For ten points, name this last Muslim kingdom in Iberia that was conquered byFerdinand and Isabella in 1492.

ANSWER: Sultanate of Granada

BONUS: Granada rose to power after the collapse of this earlier Muslim power in Iberia. It was foundedby Ibn Tumart, a Berber.

ANSWER: Almohad Caliphate

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(10) Archaeological sites built by this civilization contain E-group buildings that were probably used asastronomical observatories. Temples built by this civilization may have been rebuilt every fifty two years,corresponding to the cycles of their Long Count calendar. A temple built by this civilization displays theshadow of a snake crawling up a pyramid every equinox; that building is the Temple of Kukulcan. For tenpoints, name this civilization that constructed the cities of Tikal and Chichen Itza.

ANSWER: Mayan Civilization

BONUS: Many Mayan sites contain ruins of these facilities, used for Ollamaliztli [oh-”llama”-list-lee],an important recreational and religious activity. These buildings include a long alley with sloped wallscapped by end zones on either end.

ANSWER: ballcourts (this is a technical term; accept descriptions of “the court where they play theMesoamerican ball game;” prompt on generic descriptions of athletic facilities)

Third Quarter

The categories are . . .

1. Labor Unions

2. British Ships

3. Afghanistan

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Labor Unions

Name the...

(1) Union headquartered in Detroit whose employees mainly work for Ford, GM, and Chrysler.

ANSWER: United Automobile Workers (accept UAW; accept The International Union, UnitedAutomobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America)

(2) Teamsters president who mysteriously disappeared in 1975.

ANSWER: James “Jimmy” Hoffa

(3) ”Noble Order” led by Terence Powderly that collapsed in the late 1800s.

ANSWER: Knights of Labor

(4) Chicago locale where an 1886 labor demonstration was derailed by a bomb.

ANSWER: Haymarket Square

(5) Founder of the AFL, an English-immigrant who chaired the Labor Advisory Board during World WarI.

ANSWER: Samuel Gompers

(6) Type of worker whose union was dissolved after a 1981 strike was labeled a “peril to national safety”by the President.

ANSWER: air traffic controller (prompt on “aviation” and other generic descriptions of the industry;do not accept or prompt on other specific jobs within the industry, like pilot, attendant, mechanic, etc.)

(7) Labor leader who, like Charles Moyer, was acquitted of the murder of Frank Steunenberg, withClarence Darrow’s help.

ANSWER: William “Big Bill” Haywood

(8) Type of worker in Danbury, Connecticut whose union-led boycott violated the Sherman AntitrustAct, according to 1908 Loewe v. Lawlor.

ANSWER: hatters (or hat makers; accept anything related to the fur industry, including peltworkers;accept milliners; do not accept haberdashers)

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British Ships

Name the ship that...

(1) Was supposedly unsinkable, then sunk on its 1912 maiden voyage to New York.

ANSWER: RMS Titanic

(2) Carried Charles Darwin during his trip to the Galapagos.

ANSWER: HMS Beagle

(3) Was so well armed she prompted a pre-World War I arms race with Germany.

ANSWER: HMS Dreadnought

(4) Served as Horatio Nelson’s flagship at Trafalgar.

ANSWER: HMS Victory

(5) Was sunk in 1941 while working with the Prince of Wales to intercept the Bismarck.

ANSWER: HMS Hood

(6) Reached New Albion as the flagship of Sir Francis Drake.

ANSWER: Golden Hind

(7) Was struck by an Exocet missile and foundered in the Falklands War.

ANSWER: HMS Sheffield

(8) Served as Britain’s final aircraft carrier - so far - until it was decommissioned in 2014.

ANSWER: HMS Illustrious

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Afghanistan

Name the...

(1) Communist country that launched an invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.

ANSWER: Soviet Union (or USSR or Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; accept CCCP orSoyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; do not accept or prompt on Russia)

(2) Nation that invaded Afghanistan in 2001 in an attempt to find Osama bin Laden.

ANSWER: United States of America (or USA; accept America)

(3) Government overthrown in the 2001 invasion; it’s now an insurgent group.

ANSWER: Taliban (accept Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan or IEA)

(4) Arabic term for guerrilla fighters that came from around the Islamic world to fight for Afghanindependence.

ANSWER: mujahideen

(5) Missiles used in Afghanistan to shoot down Mi-24 Hind helicopters after 1986.

ANSWER: Stinger (or FIM-92)

(6) One-eyed mullah who refused to hand over Osama bin Laden as the leader of Afghanistan.

ANSWER: Mullah Mohammed Omar

(7) Communist revolution in 1978 that overthrew the dictator of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan.

ANSWER: Saur Revolution

(8) Lion of Panjshir who formed the Northern Front to resist fundamentalist control of Afghanistan.

ANSWER: Ahmad Shah Massoud

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Fourth Quarter

(1) This composer’s The Combat of Tancredi and Clorinda, which contains one of theearliest uses of pizzicato, was published in his eighth book of madrigals. He coined the term“seconda practica” to differentiate his music from the older style of (+) Palestrina. One ofhis operas depicts the ascent of Nero’s second wife, while his first opera depicts a legendary(*) musician who travels to the underworld to rescue Eurydice. For ten points, The Coronation of Poppeaand L’Orfeo were written by what Italian composer who pioneered the Baroque style of music?

ANSWER: Claudio Monteverdi

(2) Daniel Webster called this document “practically prejudicial” in an attempt to rescindit. “Nineteen twentieths of the whole people approve[d]” of this order, according to thepresident who signed it on July 11, 1836. Secretary of the (+) Treasury Levi Woodburyissued this order, which temporarily allowed for up to 320 acres of settled land to be paid in(*) banknotes, but required everything else to be paid through gold and silver coinage. For ten points,name this anti-speculation executive order of Andrew Jackson that contributed to the Panic of 1837.

ANSWER: Specie Circular

(3) At this battle, one side knelt in prayer in full view of enemy lines after a favorable spyreport from Alexander Seton enticed them to attack. The Earl of Hereford’s nephew Henryde Bohun was beheaded in single combat at this battle. The Treaty of (+) Edinburgh-Northampton was signed after this battle, fulfilling the goals of the prior Declaration ofArbroath. During this battle, Edward II’s attempts to relieve (*) Stirling Castle were thwartedby the schiltrons of the successor of William Wallace. For ten points, name this 1314 battle, a victory forRobert the Bruce of Scotland.

ANSWER: Battle of Bannockburn

(4) In one work by this author, the Rockefeller Range is renamed the Pillan Mountains.In another short story by this author, a Sara Teasdale poem, which notes “Spring herself,when she woke at dawn/Would scarcely know that we were gone,” is read to an (+) emptyroom; that story includes a depiction of charcoal silhouettes, implied to have been causedby a nuclear explosion. This author of “Dark They Were, and Golden-Eyed” and (*) “ThereWill Come Soft Rains” depicted a dystopian future in which Granger memorized Plato’s Republic toprotect it from oblivion. For ten points, name this American science fiction author who created “fireman”Guy Montag in Fahrenheit 451.

ANSWER: Ray Bradbury

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(5) This man ceded land to his eastern neighbor and promised to punish some assassins inthe Treaty of Arras. Those assassins had killed his rival, John the Fearless, while this manwas negotiating with him to end a conflict between the Armagnacs and Burgundians. TheTreaty of Troyes, signed shortly after the Battle of (+) Agincourt, tried to block this “Kingof Bourges” from the throne. Shortly after recapturing Tourelles, this man’s army was ableto (*) lift the Siege of Orleans. For ten points, name this French king who won the Hundred Years’ Warand was crowned by Joan of Arc at Reims Cathedral.

ANSWER: Charles VII of France (accept Charles the Victorious or Charles le Victorieux; acceptCharles the Well-Served or Charles le Bien-Servi)

(6) During this event, one man was labeled “Ole Hanson of the East.” In the prelude to thisevent, Andrew Peters stated “the whole situation is far more serious than I realized.” Afterthis event, formerly unemployed (+) World War I veterans were refused new uniforms bythe Garment Workers’ Union. Samuel Gompers supported the perpetrators of this eventand blamed Commissioner (*) Edwin Upton Curtis for causing it by refusing to recognize a newunion. For ten points, name this 1919 strike, quashed in a profile-raising performance by MassachusettsGovernor Calvin Coolidge.

ANSWER: 1919 Boston police strike (prompt on partial answers)

(7) This type of force first saw combat during the capture of Masnedo fortress in OperationWeserubung. These forces became less prominent after a high rate of casualties sufferedduring Operation Mercury, an attack on Crete. During the Normandy invasion, (+)Rommel asparagus was used to hinder these troops, who served as pathfinders. OttoSkorzeny executed the Gran Sasso raid to rescue Benito Mussolini using these units, knownas (*) “fallschirmjagers” [fall-shirm-yea-gers]. For ten points, name these infantry units, including the101st “Screaming Eagles,” who jumped during D-Day.

ANSWER: paratroopers

(8) An engraving of this painting is in the background of John Everett Millais’ The BlackBrunswicker . The subject of this painting refused to sit for this work, claiming that “greatmen of (+) Antiquity” would not have done so. Its artist signed this work with his namefollowed by “Year Nine,” a reference to its start date in 1801. This work depicts a scene inthe Great (*) St. Bernard Pass in which a commander rears a horse and points heroically upward. Forten points, name this Jacques-Louis David showing a French commander traversing a European mountainrange.

ANSWER: Napoleon Crossing the Alps (accept Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass; acceptBonaparte Crossing the Alps)

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(9) An 1890 law review article co-written by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis about thisright examined the case of Prince Albert v. Strange to argue for its existence in America.Tort law commonly gives four separate causes of action for violations of this right, whichinclude (+) “false light” and appropriation. The “penumbras” of various amendmentsprovided this right according to Douglas’s majority opinion in (*) Griswold v. Connecticut,which first recognized this right in the Constitution. For ten points, name this concept that was used bythe Court to defend a woman’s right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade.

ANSWER: right to privacy

(10) A collection of artifacts from this dynasty was discovered after an Arab dhow carryingits namesake “treasure” shipwrecked off the coast of Belitung. Li Jiancheng was assassinatedin a coup during this dynasty called the (+) Xuanwu [shu-an-wu] Gate Incident. Duringthis dynasty, a member of the Four Beauties, Yang Guifei, adopted a famous rebel whoseinsurrection led to possibly over 30 million deaths. (*) Du Fu and Li Po were poets during,for ten points, what Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Sui Dynasty and experienced the An LushanRebellion?

ANSWER: Tang Dynasty

Extra Question

Only read if you need a backup or tiebreaker!

(1) Defenders of this island were massacred after the capture of Fort St. Elmo. CharlesI received a falcon in exchange for this island from an organization that had been(+) evicted from Rhodes and Cyprus; they stayed on this island until the reign ofNapoleon. An Ottoman invasion of this island was defeated by Grand Master (*) Jeande la Valette, who now names this island’s capital. For ten points, name this Mediterranean islandonce owned by the Knights Hospitallers.

ANSWER: Malta

BONUS: What King of Egypt was overthrown in a 1952 coup and forced to abdicate in favor ofhis son Fuad II?

ANSWER: King Farouk of Egypt (accept Faruq al-Awwal)

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Documents

2017 National History Bowl National Championships€¦ · After participating in a battle in the Sinjar Mountains to aid eeing Yazidis, the Peshmerga of Massoud Barzani's Kurdistan