2017 Shale Gas Monitoring Field ManualHighlight ‘Accept Calibration’ and press ENTER to calibrate the unit. If there is a problem with the calibration, you can press ESC at this

SHALE GAS MONITORING PROCEDURE MANUAL

Shale Gas Monitoring Manual

April2017

InventoryandMonitoringSection


ii

Copyrightandthird‐partyinformationasrequired


iii

Table of Contents Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................................1

ScopeandPurpose........................................................................................................................................................................2

ProcessOverview...........................................................................................................................................................................3

WaterQualityMonitoring....................................................................................................................................................4

FieldChemistryMeasurements...............................................................................................................................................5

Purpose......................................................................................................................................................................................................5

EquipmentNeeds..................................................................................................................................................................................5

Calibration................................................................................................................................................................................................5

TakingMeasurements......................................................................................................................................................................11

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................14

SurfaceWaterGrabSamplingandFlowMeasurement...........................................................................................15

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................15

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................15

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................16

FieldChemistryMeasurement.....................................................................................................................................................18

BottleSampling...................................................................................................................................................................................19

FlowMeasurement............................................................................................................................................................................21

ProcessingandPackaging..............................................................................................................................................................24

QualityControl.....................................................................................................................................................................................24

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................29

Temperature‐ConductivityProbe(Hobo)Maintenance...........................................................................................30

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................30

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................30

Procedure...............................................................................................................................................................................................31

HoboCleaning......................................................................................................................................................................................32

HoboDataDownload........................................................................................................................................................................33

HoboCalibrationChecks.................................................................................................................................................................33

HoboRe‐deployment........................................................................................................................................................................35

FinalSide‐by‐SideMeasurement.................................................................................................................................................35


iv

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................36

WidespreadSampling...............................................................................................................................................................37

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................37

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................37

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................37

QualityControl.....................................................................................................................................................................................40

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................41

PebbleCount.................................................................................................................................................................................42

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................42

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................42

EstablishingtheSampleReach.....................................................................................................................................................42

ConductingthePebbleCount........................................................................................................................................................43

ContingencyMeasures.....................................................................................................................................................................47

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................48

BenthicMacroinvertebrateCollection..............................................................................................................................49

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................49

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................49

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................49

QualityControl.....................................................................................................................................................................................56

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................56

BenthicMacroinvertebrateProcessing............................................................................................................................58

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................58

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................58

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................59

QualityControl.....................................................................................................................................................................................65

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................65

PadMonitoring......................................................................................................................................................................66

PadInfrastructureandPostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM).............................................67

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................67

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................67

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................67

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................74

WellPadVegetationAssessment.........................................................................................................................................75


v

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................75

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................75

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................75

NativeSpeciesColonizationWalkaboutSampling(Disturbededge).........................................................................79

Non‐NativeSpeciesColonizationWalkaboutSampling(Forestedge).......................................................................79

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................80

WellPadWildlifeHabitatAssessment..............................................................................................................................81

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................81

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................81

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................81

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................85

SoilFertilitySampling..............................................................................................................................................................86

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................86

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................86

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................86

SampleProcessing.............................................................................................................................................................................88

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................88

RoadMonitoring...................................................................................................................................................................89

RoadsideVegetationCommunityMonitoring...............................................................................................................90

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................90

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................90

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................90

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................94

RoadsideInvasivePlantMonitoring..................................................................................................................................95

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................95

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................95

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................95

QualityControl.....................................................................................................................................................................................97

DataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................................97

RoadConditionMonitoring....................................................................................................................................................98

Purpose...................................................................................................................................................................................................98

EquipmentNeeds...............................................................................................................................................................................98

Procedures.............................................................................................................................................................................................98


vi

RoadDataManagement................................................................................................................................................................110

Resamples...........................................................................................................................................................................................110

RoadTriggerPoints........................................................................................................................................................................111

PostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM)onRoads.................................................................................111

PCSMProcedures............................................................................................................................................................................111

PCSMDataManagement..............................................................................................................................................................113

PCSMTriggerPoints.......................................................................................................................................................................113

Road‐StreamCrossingAssessment..................................................................................................................................114

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................114

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................114

PlantSupportingProcedures.......................................................................................................................................115

BaselineVegetativeInventory...........................................................................................................................................116

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................116

EquipmentNeeded.........................................................................................................................................................................116

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................116

MilacreVegetationPlotProcedure.................................................................................................................................119

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................119

Habitat/VegetationType...........................................................................................................................................................119

VegetationData................................................................................................................................................................................119

OverstoryPlotProcedure.....................................................................................................................................................124

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................124

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................124

EstablishingPlotCenter...............................................................................................................................................................124

PlotData..............................................................................................................................................................................................125

EstablishingPrismPlotTrees....................................................................................................................................................128

PrismPlotTreeData......................................................................................................................................................................130

SpecialDBHSituations..................................................................................................................................................................134

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................141

InvasivePlantSpeciesEarlyDetectionandRapidResponse(EDRR).............................................................142

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................142

InvasiveSpeciesHighPriorityList..........................................................................................................................................142

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................142

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................143


vii

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................149

PipelineROWMonitoring..............................................................................................................................................151

GrasslandBirdNestSurveys...............................................................................................................................................152

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................152

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................152

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................152

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................154

PipelineROWVegetationMonitoring............................................................................................................................155

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................155

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................155

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................155

QualityControl..................................................................................................................................................................................159

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................159

Pipeline‐StreamCrossingMonitoring............................................................................................................................160

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................160

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................160

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................160

QualityControl..................................................................................................................................................................................163

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................163

SocialMonitoring...............................................................................................................................................................164

SoundMonitoring....................................................................................................................................................................165

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................165

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................165

Calibration..........................................................................................................................................................................................165

Deployment........................................................................................................................................................................................166

SetupforRecording........................................................................................................................................................................167

Retrieval..............................................................................................................................................................................................167

SoftwareCommunications..........................................................................................................................................................167

ProcessRecordedData.................................................................................................................................................................168

ClearingData.....................................................................................................................................................................................168

AdditionalDataManagement....................................................................................................................................................168

AppendixASupportingDocuments...........................................................................................................................170

ObservedPollutionorSuspectedPollutionEvents...................................................................................................171


viii

Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................................................171

ObserverActionsandNotifications.........................................................................................................................................171

ResourceInventoryandMonitoringAssistantProgramManagerRoles...............................................................172

Follow‐upDocumentationandMonitoring.........................................................................................................................172

DisinfectionofDidymo(Didymospheniageminata)InfectedEquipment.....................................................173

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................173

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................173

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................173

PreparingGrabSamplesforCourierPickup...............................................................................................................175

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................175

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................175

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................175

PreparingtheCoolerforPickup...............................................................................................................................................177

HowtoCollectandPressPlants........................................................................................................................................179

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................179

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................179

CollectingEthics...............................................................................................................................................................................179

CollectionProcedure......................................................................................................................................................................179

PressingProcedure.........................................................................................................................................................................181

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................185

CanopyPhotoSoftwareProcedure..................................................................................................................................186

Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................186

EquipmentNeeds............................................................................................................................................................................186

Procedures..........................................................................................................................................................................................186

DataManagement...........................................................................................................................................................................188

CheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad................................................................................................................189

Purpose/Background....................................................................................................................................................................189

“CheckingOut”DataforArcPad................................................................................................................................................189

“CheckingIn”DataforArcPad...................................................................................................................................................192

SpeciesCodes–All...................................................................................................................................................................195

SpeciesCodes–Invasives.....................................................................................................................................................219

SpeciesCodes–WellPadSpecies.....................................................................................................................................222


ix

DissolvedOxygen(mg/L)100%SaturationChartforFreshWater................................................................224

AppendixBDatasheets...................................................................................................................................................226

Datasheets...................................................................................................................................................................................227

DEPLabSampleSubmissionSheet.........................................................................................................................................227

MacroinvertebrateCollectionHabitatFieldForm............................................................................................................227

WidespreadSampling....................................................................................................................................................................227

PebbleCount......................................................................................................................................................................................227

PostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM).....................................................................................................227

WellPadVegetationAssessment.............................................................................................................................................227

PadInvasivesWalkabout.............................................................................................................................................................227

RoadsideVegetationCommunityMonitoring....................................................................................................................227

RoadsideInvasivePlantMonitoring.......................................................................................................................................227

RoadConditionMonitoring........................................................................................................................................................227

InvasivePlantSpeciesEarlyDetectionandRapidResponse(EDRR).....................................................................227

PlantCollection.................................................................................................................................................................................227

Coverboards.......................................................................................................................................................................................227

GrasslandBirdNestSurveys......................................................................................................................................................227

PipelineROWVegetationMonitoring....................................................................................................................................227

Pipeline‐StreamCrossingMonitoring....................................................................................................................................227

Road‐StreamCrossingAssessment.........................................................................................................................................227

Definitions............................................................................................................................................................................228

Definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................229

Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................................232

Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................................................233


Introduction


2

Scope and Purpose Withapotential10,000naturalgaswellstobedrilledonStateForestlandinthenextdecade,Marcellusshaledevelopmenthasthepotentialtoimpactawiderangeofenvironmentalandsocialvaluesofthestateforestsystemincludingwaterqualityandquantity,plantandanimalhabitats,increasedfragmentation,invasivespecies,recreationandaesthetics,soillossandquality,andairquality.Acomprehensiveandsystematicprogramtotrack,detect,andreportontheseandotherunknownimpactsiscriticalforcontinuedsustainableandadaptivemanagementofPennsylvania’sStateForests.MonitoringandcommunicatingtheimpactsofMarcellusshaledevelopmentwillaidinthedevelopmentofadditionalbestmanagementpracticesforoilandgasdevelopment.

Monitoringenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofoilandgasdevelopmentonstateforestlandsrequiresablendofplanning,on‐the‐groundmanagement,datacollectionandanalysis,research,andreporting.Morespecifically,monitoringincludesdetectingchanges,trackingactivities,reportingonthefindings,andmodifyingpracticeswhereapplicable.

DCNRhasdevelopedathree‐tieredapproachtoimplementingacomprehensiveOilandGasMonitoringProgram,consistingof:

1. On‐the‐groundmanagementactivities;

2. Researchandexternalpartnercollaboration;and

3. Anintegratedanddedicatedmonitoringprogram.

Thissetofproceduresoutlinesthosecomponentsof#3,anintegratedanddedicatedmonitoringprogram.


3

Process Overview ThismanualistobeusedasafieldguideencompassingallthestepsrequiredforDCNR’smonitoringfieldstafftoconductshalegasmonitoringonstateforestlands.Itwillbeprintedinthespring,whenamajorityoffieldworkbegins,updatedeverywinterwithrevisedand/ornewprocedures,andreprintedinthespringforthenewfieldseason.

Monitoringspecialistswillmakerevisionstotheirrespectiveproceduresasneededbutallofficialmanualupdateswillbemadebythemonitoringfieldstaffand/orsupervisor.Updateswillnotbeincorporatedintothemanualuntiltheyhavebeenpilotedinthefieldanddiscussedbymembersoftheintegratedanddedicatedmonitoringprogram.Themanualandallfilesassociatedwithitanditsmanagementwillbehousedonaserverlocaltothefieldstaff.Thiscanbefoundat\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\MonitoringProtocolsandManuals.Adocumententitled“ManualandProtocolFileManagement”providingmoredetailonthemanagementofthismanualcanbefoundattheabovelocation.

Water Quality Monitoring

4

Water Quality Monitoring

Water Quality Monitoring‐Field Chemistry Measurements

5

Field Chemistry Measurements

Purpose Fieldchemistrymeasurementgivesadiscreterepresentationofbasicwaterqualityparameters:—liketemperature,pH,conductivity,dissolvedoxygen,alkalinity,andturbidity.Fieldchemistryprocedureswillbeusedinavarietyofapplicationswithinthewatermonitoringprogram.Itwillbeusedasastand‐alonemethodwhenmonitoringwidespreadsamplingpointsthroughoutthegasdistricts.Itwillbeusedasaqualitycontrolcheckduringthecollectionofsurfacewatergrabsamples,andthemaintenanceofdeployedwaterqualitydataloggers.Fieldchemistrymeasurementsmightalsobeusedinavarietyofdifferentapplicationsastheyariseinthewatermonitoringprogram.

Equipment Needs YSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument)

Meter‐specificcalibrationlogsheet

pHandconductivitycalibrationsolutions(forcalibration)

squirtbottleofdistilled/deionizedwater

Muckbootsorwaders

Datasheets,fieldnotebook,ortabletcomputer

Kimwipes(forTurbidityandAlkalinity)

Hach2100QTurbiditycolorimeterkit

HannaInstrumentsHI755CheckerHCHandheldColorimeterkit(ifnotcollectinggrabsamples)

Whenconductingworkinstreamswithsuspectedorconfirmeddidymopopulations,disinfectallapplicableequipmentaccordingtoproceduresfoundinDisinfectionofDidymoInfectedEquipment

Calibrationispreferablydoneinastable,temperaturecontrolledenvironment(thecalibrationstandardsshouldnotbechangingtemperature).DissolvedOxygen(DO)shouldbedoneinthefieldnearthesamplingsite,andwillneedre‐calibratedifthebarometricpressurechangesduetoweatherortoachangeinelevation.

Calibration AtthebeginningofeachdaythataYSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument)fieldmeteristobeused,printoutablankcopyofthecalibrationlogsheetforthemeterbeingused.Blankcopiesforeachmetercanbefoundatthefollowinglocation:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\CalibrationLogs.Clickonthefirsttabofthe


6

spreadsheetfora“blank”copy.Filloutsheetaccordinglywhencalibratingperthefollowingprocedures.

Turbiditycalibrationvaluesneednotbefilledoutonthecalibrationlogsheet

Temperature Temperaturecalibrationisnotrequired,norisitavailable.Thetemperaturesensorislocatedontheconductivitysensor(Figure2.1).

Conductivity Fillthecalibrationcupwithabout1/2inchof1000μS/cmcalibrationsolution.

Tightenthecup.Shakethecupforseveralseconds,beingsurethatthetemperature‐conductivitysensorissplashedwiththesolutionrepeatedly.Openthecupanddiscardthesolution.Repeatthisprocessonce.

Fillthecupabout1/2ofthewaytothetopwithcalibrationsolutionandtighten

thecup.Shakethecupagainandbesureafterthefinalshakethatthetemperature‐conductivitysensorisimmersedinsolution(Figure2.1).Turnandgentlytapthecupseveraltimestobesurenoairbubblesaretrappedinthesensor.

PresstheCALbutton.Select‘None’ifpromptedforaUserID. Highlight‘Conductivity’andpressENTER. Highlight‘Sp.Conductance’andpressENTER. Choosetheunitsas‘SPC‐μs/cm’andpressENTER. Highlight‘Calibrationvalue’andpressENTER. Inputthevalueofthecalibrationsolution(probably1000μS/cm)andpress

ENTER. Waitforthespecificconductancevalueunder‘ActualReadings’tostabilize(stay

thesamefor5seconds) Readandrecordthetemperatureandspecificconductivityvalueinthemeter’s

calibrationlogsheetas“Temp(°C)”and“Reads”respectively Highlight‘AcceptCalibration’andpressENTERtocalibratetheunit.Ifthereisa

problemwiththecalibration,youcanpressESCatthisstagetocancelthecalibration,andthenseetheusermanualforguidanceonhowtoproceed.


7

Readandrecordthespecificconductivityvalueinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Adjusted”

Next,performacheckofthecalibrationat100μS/cm.(Note:Thischeckshould

notbedoneifusingtheYSI63Model.)Youwillnotrecalibratenordoatwo‐pointcalibration;thisisjustachecktoseetheunit’saccuracyat100μS/cm.

Fillthescrew‐onplasticcupwithabout1/2inchof100uS/cmcalibrationsolution.Tightenthecup.Shakethecupforseveralseconds,beingsurethatthetemperature‐conductivitysensorissplashedwiththesolutionrepeatedly.Openthecupanddiscardthesolution.Repeatthisprocessonce.


thecup.Shakethecupagainandbesureafterthefinalshakethatthetemperature‐conductivitysensorisimmersedinsolution.Turnandgentlytapthecupseveraltimestobesurenoairbubblesaretrappedinthesensor.

Withoutpressinganycalibrationbuttons,readandrecordthespecific

conductivityvalueinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Reads.”Alsorecordtemperatureas“Temp(°C)”.Openthecupanddiscardthesolution.

Thespecificconductancereadingshouldbewithin95to105μS/cm,orthemetershouldberecalibrated. Finally,performacheckofspecificconductivityinair.Rinsethesensorswith

distilledwater,shakingoffexcess.Blowthroughtheconductivitysensorportholes,attemptingtoclearthemofanyexcessliquid.Thespecificconductivityreadingshouldsettleatornear“zero”.Whenitdoes,readandrecordthespecificconductivityvalueinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Reads”.

Finishfillingoutthespecificconductancesectionofthecalibrationlogsheet

withthecalibrationstandardinformation,calibrationlocation,andyourinitials.

pH Fillthecalibrationcupwithabout1/2inchofpH7calibrationsolution.Tighten

thecup.Shakethecupforseveralseconds,beingsurethatthepHsensorissplashedwiththesolutionrepeatedly.Openthecupanddiscardthesolution.


thecup.ShakethecupagainandbesureafterthefinalshakethatthepHsensorisimmersedinsolution(Figure2.1).Turnandgentlytapthecupseveraltimestobesurenoairbubblesaretrappedinthesensor.

PresstheCALbutton.Select‘None’ifpromptedforaUserID.


8

Highlight‘ISE1pH’andpressENTER. TheinstrumentshouldautomaticallyrecognizethepHbuffervalueanddisplay

itatthetopofthescreen.Ifnecessary,highlight‘Calibrationvalue’andpressENTER.TheninputthevalueofthecalibrationsolutionandpressENTER.

OncethepHandtemperaturereadingsstabilize,readandrecordthe

temperature,pHvalue,andpHmillivoltsinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Temp(°C)”,“Reads”,and“Millivolts”respectively.“Adjusted”shouldnotbefilledoutforpH7buffer.

Highlight‘AcceptCalibration’andpressENTER.Themessagelinewillthen

display,‘Readyforpoint2.’ RepeattherinsingandfillingofthecalibrationcupwithpH4solution. TheinstrumentshouldautomaticallyrecognizethepHbuffervalueanddisplay


OncethepHandtemperaturereadingsstabilize,readandrecordthetemperature,pHvalue,andpHmillivoltsinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Temp(°C)”,“Reads”,and“Millivolts”respectively.“Adjusted”shouldnotbefilledoutforpH4buffer.

Highlight‘AcceptCalibration’andpressENTER.Themessagelinewillthen

display,‘Readyforpoint3.’ RepeattherinsingandfillingofthecalibrationcupwithpH10solution. TheinstrumentshouldautomaticallyrecognizethepHbuffervalueanddisplay


OncethepHandtemperaturereadingsstabilize,readandrecordthe

temperature,pHvalue,andpHmillivoltsinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Temp(°C)”,“Reads”,and“Millivolts”respectively.

Highlight‘AcceptCalibration’andpressENTER.Afteracceptingcalibrationon

pH10,pressCALtofinalizethecalibration.Ifthereisaproblemwiththecalibration,youcanpressESCatthisstagetocancelthecalibration,andthenseetheusermanualforguidanceonhowtoproceed.


9

Afterfinalizingcalibration,themeterwillreturntothemainscreen.WhilethesensorisstillimmersedinthepH10buffer,recordthedisplayedpHvalueonthecalibrationlogsheetas“Adjusted”inthepH10bufferrow

FinishfillingoutthepHsectionofthecalibrationlogsheetwiththebuffer

information,calibrationlocation,andyourinitials.Ignorethe“Slope”column.

Dissolved Oxygen DissolvedOxygenwillbecalibrated(ifapplicable)usingawater‐saturatedair

method.Thesuppliedscrew‐onplasticcupwillbeusedforcalibration(i.e.,thecalibrationcup).

AllDOcalibrationsshouldbecompletedonsiteorverynearthesitewherethefieldmeteristobeused!

Placeabout1/8inchofwaterinthebottomofthecalibrationcup. MakesuretherearenowaterdropletsontheDOmembraneortemperature

sensor.Theninstallthecupoverthesensors.Screwthecupallthewayontothecable,andthendisengageoneortwothreadstoensureatmosphericventing.MakesuretheDOandtemperaturesensorisnotimmersedinwater(Figure2.1).

Turntheinstrumentonandwaitapproximately5‐10minutesforthecupto

becomecompletelysaturatedandtoallowthesensorstostabilize.

Oncethereadingsstabilize,readandrecordtheDO%andDOmg/Lvaluesinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Reads”.

PresstheCALbutton.Select‘None’ifpromptedforaUserID. Highlight‘DO’andpressENTER. Highlight‘DO%’andpressENTER. WaitforthetemperatureandDO%valuesunder‘ActualReadings’tostabilize

(staythesamefor5seconds),thenhighlight‘AcceptCalibration’andpressENTERtocalibratetheunit.Ifthereisaproblemwiththecalibration,youcanpressESCatthisstagetocancelthecalibration,andthenseetheusermanualforguidanceonhowtoproceed.

Uponreturningtothemainscreen,readandrecordthetemperatureandbarometricpressureas“Temp(°C)”and“Baro.Pressure”respectively


10

TheDOmg/Lvalueafterthecalibrationshouldbecomparedtothechartof

DissolvedOxygen(mg/L)100%SaturationValuesfoundinthesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanual.BasedonthetemperatureandbarometricpressurereadfromtheProPlus,thetheoreticalvalueisobtainedfromthechart.Recordthetheoreticalvalueobtainedfromthechartinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Thero.Value”

ReadandrecordthefinalDO%andDOmg/Lvaluesinthemeter’scalibrationlogsheetas“Final”.

Thetheoreticalvalueshouldbewithin0.5mg/Lofthepost‐calibrationvalueontheProPlus.Ifnot,theProPlusshouldberecalibratedfordissolvedoxygen.

Finishfillingoutthedissolvedoxygensectionofthecalibrationlogsheetwiththecalibrationlocation(i.e.streamname),yourinitials,andanyadditionalsitesforthedaytheprecededcalibrationinformationisrelevantfor(ifapplicable).Useadditionaldissolvedoxygensectionsatthebottomofcalibrationlogsheetasneeded.

Turbidity Calibratetheturbiditymeter(canalsobedonebeforeleavingtheofficeorinthe

field).o Turnonthe2100Qwiththebluepowerbutton.

o Pressthecalibrationbutton .(Note:The2100Qneedonlybecalibratedoncedaily.)

o Removethe20NTUcalibrationcellfromthecase.Invertitseveraltimestoensuregoodmixing.Applyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.

o Insertthe20NTUcalibrationcellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Waitfortheunittostabilize.Theunitwillpromptyouwhenreadyforthenextcalibrationstandard.

o Repeatthesestepsforthe100NTUand800NTUcalibrationcells.o PressDonetoreviewandsavetheresults.PressStore.o Removethe10NTUverificationstandardcellfromthecase.Invertis

severaltimestoensuregoodmixing.Applyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.

o Insertthe10NTUverificationstandardcellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Waitfortheunittostabilize.Iftheverificationfails,tryrecalibratingtheunit.Ifitissuccessful,pressDone.

o Theturbiditymeterisnowcalibrated.


11

Figure2.1YSIProPlussensors

Taking Measurements TurntheYSIProplus(orsimilarinstrument)on.Ifyouhavemovedtoanew

samplinglocation,youshouldrecalibrateetheDOsensor,ifapplicable.Thisisbecausethebarometricpressuremayhavechangedfromyourlastsamplinglocationtothenextduetochangeinweatherorelevation.

Installthemetalsensorguard(withholesinit). Enterthestreamdownstreamfromyourmonitoringpointtoavoidintroducing

disturbedsedimenttothemonitoringpoint. Placetheprobenearthecenterofthecurrent,inanareaofuniform,well‐mixed

flow.Theprobeshouldbeawayfromthestreambankandinthecurrent(i.e.,donotsamplestagnantornon‐flowingwater).


12

Oncetheprobeisinplace,givethecordaslighttwistandshaketodislodgeanyairbubblestrappedinthesensors.IfmeasuringDO,itisbesttolaythesensorguardperpendiculartoflow,suchthatwaterwillbeflowingpastthetipoftheDOsensor.

Oncereadingsstabilize(staythesamefor5seconds),recordtheminafield

notebook,datasheet,ortabletcomputer.

Attheconclusionofeachday,ensuretheProPlusisstoredwithasmallamountofwaterinthebottomofthecalibrationcupandthecupistightenedontheQuatrocablebulkhead.

Forlongtermstorage(i.e.>1month),refertousermanual.

FillaturbiditysamplevialforlaterreadingbytheHach2100Qturbiditymeter.o Rinsethesamplevialandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaof

goodflow.o Tofillthevial,holdthesamplevialawayfromyourbodyasfarupstreamas

possible.Holdthevialupsidedown,dipitintothewateruntilitisapproximatelyatmid‐depthofthewater,turnthevialtofaceupstream,andletitfill.Takecarenottodisturbthestreambottom,asyoumayintroducesedimentordebrisintothesample.Besuretofillthevialtothewhitelineandscrewonthecap.

ReadturbidityusingtheHACH2100Qturbiditymeter.o Drytheturbiditysamplevial(theonewiththesamplewater)withakim

wipe.o Thenapplyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.o Invertthesamplecellseveraltimestoensuregoodmixing,theninsertthe

samplecellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Recordtheresultintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

o Iftheresultisgreaterthan20NTU,thenpresstheOptionsbutton.ChangetheReadModetoRapidlySettlingTurbidity.(Note:Resultsbelow20NTUshouldusetheSignalAverageReadMode.)Thenre‐readthesample.RecordthesecondresultinthefieldnotebookwithanotationthatitwasRapidlySettlingTurbiditymode.

o Oncereadingiscompleted,emptythesamplecell.Rinseitoncewithdistilledwater,fillittothelinewithdistilledwater,andscrewonthecap.Thesamplecellshouldalwaysbestoredfilledwithdistilledwater.

Alkalinity Alkalinitytestingwillonlybedoneifnograbsampleswillbetaken,suchasinWide‐SpreadMonitoring,adhocmonitoring,orincidentscreening.


13

Turnthemeteronbypressingthebutton,allsegmentswillbedisplayed.When

thedisplayshows‘’Add’’,‘’C.1’’with‘’Press’’blinking,themeterisready.

Fillthecuvettewith10mLofunreactedsampleaccordingtostandardrinsefillproceduresandreplacethecap.

Drythecuvettewithakimwipe,makingsureitisfreeoffingerprints,oiland/or

dirt

Ifbubblesarepresentinthesample,gentlyswirlortaptodislodgethebubbles.DONOTSHAKEasahigherreadingcanbegenerated.

Placethecuvetteintothemeterandclosethemeter’scap

Pressthebutton.Whenthedisplayshows“Add”,“C.2”with“Press”blinkingthemeteriszeroed

Removethecuvette,openit,andusinga1mLsyringecarefullyaddexactly1.00

mLofAlkalinityReagenttothesample

Usethecurvedplasticattachmentonlyasaprotectivecap;donotuseitwhencollectingreagent.Donotletthereactedsamplestandfortoolongafterreagentisadded,asaccuracywillbeaffected.

Replacethecapandgentlyinvert5times.Placethecuvettebackintothemeter

Pressthebutton.Theinstrumentdirectlydisplaystheconcentrationof

alkalinityinppmofCaCO3.

Afterthereadingitisimportanttodiscardthesampleimmediately,otherwisetheglassmightbecomepermanentlystained.


14

Figure2.2AlkalinityHandheldColorimeterKit

Data Management Thiswillvarydependingontheapplication. IfusingatabletcomputercoincidentwithanArcPadapplication,asinthe

widespreadsampling,refertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

Otherapplicationsmayalsorequirefieldchemistrydatabekeptinadesignated

fieldnotebook,aswiththesurfacewatergrabsamplingandHOBOmaintenanceapplications.

Enterallcalibrationdatafromthecalibrationlogsheetintotheappropriateexcelspreadsheetforthefieldmeterusedatthefollowinglocation:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\CalibrationLogs.Simplymakeacopyofthe“PlaceDateHere‐BLANK”logsheet,placeitattheendofthetabs,renamethetabwiththedateofcalibrationusingtheformatday‐month‐year(e.g.18July2014),fillintheinformation,andsavethespreadsheet.

Cuvettes

AlkalinityReagent

ProtectiveCap

Syringe

Water Quality Monitoring‐Surface Water Grab Sampling and Flow Measurements

15

Surface Water Grab Sampling and Flow Measurement

Purpose Surfacewatergrabsamplingandflowmeasurementisemployedtoobtainadiscreteanalysisofchemicalconstituentsandflowatagivenpointinastream.Thisinformationcanbeusedtoidentifypollutantsand/ortocharacterizethebackgroundchemicalandhydrologicalcharacteristicsofthestream.Althoughonlyrepresentativeofapointintimeatasinglelocation,thesetechniquesprovidetheopportunitytoaccuratelymeasuretheconcentrationsofvariousparametersinastream.Surfacewatergrabsamplingandflowmeasurementwillbeemployedalongsidecontinuousmonitoringdevices(e.g.,sondes,Hobos)tocomplimentandverifythedatafromthecontinuousmonitoringdevices.

Equipment Needs YSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument) ConductivityandpHcalibrationsolutions(forcalibrationofProPlusunit) squirtbottleofdistilled/deionizedwater Ultrapurewater(ifcollectinganequipmentblank) Lint‐freewipes(e.g.,Kimwipes) Papertowels 500mLplasticsamplebottles(#neededdependsonnumberandtypeof

samples) 125mlplasticsamplebottles(#neededdependsonnumberandtypeof

samples) 1Lglasssamplebottles(ifdoingorganics) 40mlVOAvials(ifdoingorganics) Flowmeter Wadingrodforflowmeter 50‐foot+measuringtape,with1/10footincrements HACH2100Qturbiditymeter Permanentmarker(Sharpie–finepoint) Clearpackagingtape Bottlelabels(ifdoingorganics) DEPLabsamplesubmissionsheet 1gal.clearZiplocbag Ice Cooler Preservatives(alwaysnitricacidformetals,sulfuricacidifdoingnutrients,and

hydrochloricacidifdoingorganics) Disposablelatexgloves(i.e.surgicalgloves) Muckbootsorwaders Fieldnotebook


16

Nylonmeshbag(forkeepingsamplescoolinstream) Waterproofpenorpencil


Procedures

Preparation and Staging CalibratetheYSIProPlusaccordingtotheCalibrationprocedureoutlinedinthe

FieldChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual..REMEMBER:AcalibrationlogsheetwillneedtobefilledouteachdayaYSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument)isused

ItisrecommendedtocalibratetheYSIProPlusforconductivityandpHbeforeleavingtheoffice,butthiscouldalsobedoneinthefieldifenoughcalibrationsolutionistaken.ALWAYSCALIBRATEDISSOLVEDONSITEORATVEHICLENEARSITE.

IFSHIPPINGGRABSAMPLESVIACOMMERCIALCOURIER,besuretocallcourierservicebeforeleavingtheofficetosetupdeliveryaccordingtothePreparingGrabSamplesviaCommercialCarrierprocedurefoundintheappendixofthismanual.

Calibratetheturbiditymeter(canalsobedonebeforeleavingtheofficeorinthefield).o Turnonthe2100Qwiththebluepowerbutton.

o Pressthecalibrationbutton .(Note:The2100Qneedonlybecalibratedoncedaily.)

o Removethe20NTUcalibrationcellfromthecase.Invertitseveraltimestoensuregoodmixing.Applyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.

o Insertthe20NTUcalibrationcellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Waitfortheunittostabilize.Theunitwillpromptyouwhenreadyforthenextcalibrationstandard.

o Repeatthesestepsforthe100NTUand800NTUcalibrationcells.o Press“Done”toreviewandsavetheresults.Press“Store”.o Removethe10NTUverificationstandardcellfromthecase.Invertis

severaltimestoensuregoodmixing.Applyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.


17

o Insertthe10NTUverificationstandardcellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Waitfortheunittostabilize.Iftheverificationfails,tryrecalibratingtheunit.Ifitissuccessful,pressDone.

o Theturbiditymeterisnowcalibrated.

Uponarrivaltositeofinterest,gatherandlabelnecessarysamplebottlesatvehicle.o IfdoingSAC972:one500mLplasticbottle,andone125mLplasticbottleo IfdoingSAC046:three500mLplasticbottles,andtwo125mLplasticbottleo Ifdoingorganics:six40mLglassambervials,andtwo1Lglassamberbottleo IfONLYdoingmethane:two40mlglassambervials

Labelsamplebottlesasfollows:

o Forplasticbottles,useapermanentmarker.o Forglassbottles,useaninkpenandbottlelabels.o Forallsamplebottles,include: Onthefirstline:yourpersonalCollectorID,adash,andthesequence

number(thenextsequentialnumberofsamplesforthecollector,obtainedfromfieldnotebook)

Onthesecondline:thetypeofanalysis(e.g.,“GenChem”forGeneralChemistry)andnumberofbottlesifmorethantwo(e.g.,1/2or2/2)

Onthethirdline:thepreservative,ifapplicableo IfdoingSAC972: Labela500mLbottleasGenChemwithnopreservative Labela125mLbottleasMetalswithHNO3preservative

o IfdoingSAC046: Labelthree500mLbottlesasGenChemwithnopreservative Labela125mLbottleasMetalswithHNO3preservative Labela125mLbottleasNutrientswithH2SO4preservative

o Ifdoingorganics: Labeltwo40mLvialsasVOASWwithHCLpreservative Labeltwo40mLvialsasWSOLwithnopreservative Labeltwo40mLvialsasMETHwithnopreservative Labeltwo1LglassbottlesasSV‐SWwithnopreservative

o Covereachlabelwithclearpackagingtape.

Gatherthefollowingequipment,andhiketothewatersamplingsiteofinterest:o YSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument),besuretohavemetalsensorguardo Labeledsamplebottleso Samplevial(s)fromturbiditymetero Flowmetero Wadingrodforflowmeter


18

o 50‐foot+measuringtape,with1/10footincrementso Fieldnotebookandpen/pencilo Nylonmeshbag

Onceonsitewherethegrabsampleswillbetaken,writethedate,stream

name/location,timeonsite(militaryformat),andthelastnamesofthesamplingcrewinthefieldnotebook.

NotethecollectorID,sequencenumber,andwhatSACororganicssamplingarebeingperformed[e.g.Sample9931‐114SAC972(GenChem,Metals)]

Recordtheequipment’sserialnumberfortheYSIProPlus(orotherfieldmeter)

beingusedinthefieldnotebook

Forthisinformationandsubsequentinformationtobenotedinthefieldnotebookfollowformattingpreviouslyestablishedinthefieldnotebook.(Figure2.4)

Field Chemistry Measurement MeasurementswiththeYSIProPlusshouldbetakeninthemid‐channelof

wherethegrabsampleswillbetaken.Thisshouldbedoneslightlydownstreamofthecross‐sectionwherethegrabsampleswillbetakensoasnottodisturbthesamplingarea.

IfcoincidentwithaHobodeploymentsite,takemeasurementsasclosetoHoboaspossible

FromtheProPlus,takeareadingoftemperature,dissolvedoxygen(%),dissolvedoxygen(mg/L),specificconductance,conductivity,andpHaccordingtotheTakingMeasurementssectionoftheFieldChemistryMeasurementsprocedure.THETIME(MILITARYFORMAT)OFTHISMEASUREMENTSHOULDBERECORDEDASWELL.Recordthisinformationintheappropriatelocationinthefieldnotebook.

AlkalinityneednotbemeasuredsincethisinformationwillbeanalyzedattheDEPlab.

RemovetheProPlussensorfromthestream. FillturbiditysamplevialforlaterreadingbytheHach2100Qturbiditymeter.

o Rinsethesamplevialandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaofgoodflow.

o Tofillthevial,holdthesamplevialawayfromyourbodyasfarupstreamaspossible.Holdthevialupsidedown,dipitintothewateruntilitis


19

approximatelyatmid‐depthofthewater,turnthevialtofaceupstream,andletitfill.Takecarenottodisturbthestreambottom,asyoumayintroducesedimentordebrisintothesample.Besuretofillthevialtothewhitelineandscrewonthecap.

o IfHachmetermalfunctionsorwasforgotten,youcanhavethelabperformthistestbywriting“ADDTURBIDITY”inthe“AdditionalComments”sectionofthesamplesubmissionform.

Bottle Sampling

Typical Sampling (for Gen Chem, Metals, and Nutrients)

NeitherSAC046norSAC972normallytestforMETH,whichwillneedcollectedwheneveragrabsampleistaken.Referto“METHandWSOLSampling”belowforinstructionsonfillingMETHbottles.Besuretowrite“ADDMETH”inthe“AdditionalComments”sectionofthesamplesubmissionform

Recordthetime(militaryformat)thegrabsamplesaretakenintheappropriate

placeinthefieldnotebook

Rinseasamplebottleandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaofgoodflow.

Tosample,holdthesamplingbottleawayfromyourbodyasfarupstreamaspossible.Holdthebottleupsidedown,dipitintothewateruntilitisapproximatelyatmid‐depthofthewater,turnthebottletofaceupstream,andletitfill.Takecarenottodisturbthestreambottom,asyoumayintroducesedimentordebrisintothesample.Eachbottleshouldbefilledtothebottomoftheneckofthebottle,leavingsomespaceatthetop.

Repeatthisfillingprocedureforadditionalbottles

Putonlatexgloves.Addpreservatives(ifapplicable)asindicatedonthelabel

bypouringoneampule(2ml)ofpreservativeintothebottle. Preservativecanalsobeaddedfrombulkacidsupplyusingapipette.Firstuse

thepipettetoacquire2mLofbulkacidfromtheappropriatesupply,thenaddtotheappropriatesample.

Eachpipetteisstoreditsown500mlbottlelabelledHNO3orH2SO4,respectively.TheHNO3andH2SO4arestoredin500mlbottlessuppliedbytheDEPlab(askEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwatermonitoringtoacquirethesepreservatives


20

fromthelab).Periodicallycleancarrierandreplacepipettesfrequentlytohelpavoidcontamination.

Capthebottletightlyandinvertseveraltimestomixthepreservativeintothe

samplewater.

Forsamplebottlesthatrequirepreservative,thiscanbedoneonsiteorbackatthevehicle.Backatthevehicleisrecommendedasitminimizeswhatyouneedtocarryintothesamplesite.Whicheveroptionisdecided,itisimportanttorememberthatsamplesshouldbepreservedandchilledassoonaspossible.Theintegrityofthesampledeterioratesthemoretimethatelapsesbetweensamplingandpreservation/chilling.Thisbecomesincreasinglyimportantinwarmertemperatures.Becauseyou’lltakegrabsamplesbeforeconductingothertaskslikeflowmeasurementormacroinvertebratecollection,placebottlesinnylonmeshbagtokeepin‐streamuntilyouarereadytoleave.

VOASW Sampling Rinsea1Lglassbottleandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaofgood

flow. Fillthe1Lglassbottleasindicatedaboveandreplacecap. Rinseeach40mLglassvialandcapthreetimeswithstreamwater.

Putonlatexgloves.

AddoneHCLampuletoeachofthe40mLvials. Foreach40mLvial,carefullypourwaterfromthe1Lglassbottleintothevial,

beingcarefulnottooverfill.Ifnecessary,fillthecapofthe1Lglassbottlewithsamplewatertogentlyfinishthefilling.Fillthevialuntilaslightmeniscusoccursabovethetopofthevial,thentightlyscrewonthecap.Invertthevialandtapitgentlyonyourwrist,makingcertainthatnoairbubblesappear.Ifairbubblesappear,unscrewthecapandgentlypouradditionalwatertocreatethemeniscusagain,thenscrewoncapandretestforairbubbles.

Againthisprocedurecanbedoneonsiteoratthevehicle.Iffilling40mLvialsatthevehicle,streamwaterfromthe1Lbottlewillneedtobeusedforrinsing.Takeandfillanadditionalbottlewithstreamwateronsiteifneeded.

SV-SW Sampling Rinsea1Lbottleandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaofgoodflow.


21

Fillthe1LglassbottleasindicatedaboveintheTypicalSamplingsection,uptotheneckofthebottle.

Repeatrinsingandfillingprocedureforsecondbottle.

METH and WSOL Sampling Rinsea40mLvialandcapthreetimeswithstreamwaterinanareaofgood

flow. FillthevialasindicatedaboveintheTypicalSamplingsection. Ifnecessary,fillthecapofthevialwithstreamwatertogentlyfinishthefilling.

Fillthevialuntilaslightmeniscusoccursabovethetopofthevial,thentightlyscrewonthecap.Invertthevialandtapitgentlyonyourwrist,makingcertainthatnoairbubblesappear.Ifairbubblesappear,unscrewthecapandgentlypouradditionalwatertocreatethemeniscusagain,thenscrewoncapandretestforairbubbles.

Repeatrinsingandfillingforadditionalbottles.

Youneedtwoofthese40mlvialsforoneMETHsample.

Flow Measurement Selectacross‐sectionofthestreamthathasrelativelyuniform,evenflow.This

willtypicallybeinastraightsectionofthestream(usuallyarun).Removeanycobbles,twigs,orotherobstructionsthatwillinterferewiththeflowmeasurement.Youshouldaimtohaveasuniformastream‐bottomaspossible,withoutrocksobstructingflowimmediatelyunder,upstream,ordownstreamofthetagline(seenextbullet).Anidealcross‐sectionforflowwouldbearectangle.

Anchorameasuringtape(with1/10footincrements)acrossthestream.This

willserveasthe“tagline”fortheflowmeasurement.Thetapeshouldbesecuredonefootorsoabovethewaterlevelandastightlyaspossible.Wrappingthetapearoundacobbleandlayingthecobbleonthebankisoftenagoodapproachforsecuringthetape.

Begintopreparetheflowmeterbyattachingthesensortothebaseofthe

wadingrod.Besurethatthemetalbackofthesensorisflushwiththemountonthewadingrodbeforetighteningthescrewonthesensortosecureit.


22

Connectthesensorcabletothetopofthehandhelddevicemakingsurethenotchinsidethesensorcableendlinesupwiththeslotonthehandhelddevice.Hand‐tightenuntilsnug(donotuseawrench,donotovertighten).

Attachtheplasticclamptothehandhelddevice. Attachtheclamptothewadingrodnearthebaseoftheyellowhandle(just

belowthe“0”mark).Besurenottotightenclampagainstthedepthrod,astherodwillbenotbeabletoslidetoadjustfordepth.

Turnonthehandheld,allowittoselftest(withtheunitoutofthewater),and

pressOK.Ifselftestfails,callthemanufacturer. SelectPROFILER.Enteryourintitialsoremployeenumber.PressOK. SelectSTREAM.Enternameofstream.PressOK. STAGEREFERENCEreferstoanestablishedgaugingstationthepointwhere

flowistaken,ifonewasestablished.WhereeveraHoboordataloggerisemplaced,theSTAGEREFERENCEwillbethedepthattheHobo,whichisfoundbyplacingtheflowdepthtransducerontoptheHoboshroud.WhenpromptedtoenterSTAGEREFERENCE,enterthisvalue,or“0”ifthereisnoHoboemplacedatthesite.

Enterstreamwidthattaglinebyreadingthetapewhereitoverlapsthewater’s

edge(thehigherofthetwotapevalues).PressOK. Entertaglineoffsetbyreadingthetapewhereitoverlapsthewater’sedgeon

theothersideofthestream(thelowerofthetwotapevalues).PressOK. Enterthenumberofstations.Ideally,22stationsshouldbeperformed.Ifthisis

notreasonable,duetohownarrowthestreamis,thenfewerstationscanbeperformed.Forstreamslessthan6feetwide,usethefollowingequationtodeterminethenumberofstations:(approximatestreamwidthinfeet*2)+2.PressOK.

Beginatstationone.Stationonewillbeonthelowerendofthetagline.Select

EDGE/OBSTRUCTIONandpressOK,identifythisstationasLeftorRightBank(asyoufacedownstream).PressOK.


23

Flowwilltypicallybe“0”forthefirstandlaststationsonmostcross‐sections.Noflowmeasurementistakenhere.

SelectNEXTtomovetoStation2.o SelectDISTANCETOVERTICAL.Thiswilltellyouwerealongthetaglineto

positionthewadingrodforStation2.Onceproperlypositioned,selectOKtoreturntothepreviousmenu.

o SelectSETDEPTHanddropthesensortothebottomofthestreambyslidingthedepthroddownasfarasitwillgo.Thedepthofthestreamatthispointwillbedisplayed.PressOKtoreturntomainscreen.

o SelectMEASUREVELOCITY,thenONEPOINT,then“0.6,”pressOK.

Thenextscreenreferstowherethesensorisinthestreamchannel—60%offofthebottom.Ifstreamportionisdeeperthantwofeet,itisrecommendedtodoaTWOPOINTat0.2and0.8(20%and80%,respectively).

o Adjustdepthrodupuntilthesensorispositionedinthe“capturezone”.

Whenitis,theindicatorwillturngreen,andthesensordepthshouldreadveryclosetotargetdepthindicatedonthescreen.

o Atthispoint,themeterisabouttocapturevelocitydata,sobecertainthesensorispointeddirectlyintothedirectionofflow.

o SelectCAPTURE.Themeterwillmeasureanaverageflowover10seconds.Whenthestatuslinenearthebottomofthescreenreachestherightedgeofthescreen,thesensorhasmeasuredflowfor10seconds.(Ifthewadingrodmovesorthemeasurementisotherwisedisrupted,selectREPEATtoredothemeasurement.)

o SelectOK,thenMAIN,thenNEXTtoproceedtoStation3. Repeatthestepsinthesub‐bulletsabovefortheremainingstations. Atthelaststation,undertheEDGE/OBSTRUCTIONmenu,identifythestationas

LeftorRightBank(asyoufacedownstream).PressOK Whendonewiththelaststation,selectCHANNELSUMMARY.Recordthe

displayedflow(cfs)intheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.Alsorecordthenumberofstationsperformedandstreamwidth(tothenearesttenthfoot).

Electronicallysavetheflowdataforuploadlaterintothestream’s“target

folder”.Select“SaveDataandExit”,enterthestreamname,pressOK. SelectDONE,thenpowerdowntheunit.


24

Ifthetopofthesensorisexposedabovethewatersurface,thenthedepthforthatstationshouldbesetto“0”andnoflowshouldbecapturedatthatstation.

Whendisassemblingtheflowmeter,becertainthatthelockscrewonthesensoristightenedbackinseveralturnsafterremovingitfromthewadingrod,sothatthescrewdoesnotfallout.

Processing and Packaging Whenleavingthesite,recordoffsitetime(militaryformat)intheappropriate

placeinthefieldnotebook. Uponreturningtothevehicle,readturbidityusingtheHACH2100Qturbidity

meter.o Drytheturbiditysamplevial(theonewiththesamplewater)withakim

wipe.o Thenapplyonedropofsiliconeoilandwipewiththeblackcloth.o Invertthesamplecellseveraltimestoensuregoodmixing,theninsertthe

samplecellintothe2100Q,makingsurethatthearrowfacesdirectlytowardthefrontoftheunit.Closetheliduntilitclicks.PresstheReadbutton.Recordtheresultintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

o Iftheresultisgreaterthan20NTU,thenpresstheOptionsbutton.ChangetheReadModetoRapidlySettlingTurbidity.(Note:Resultsbelow20NTUshouldusetheSignalAverageReadMode.)Thenre‐readthesample.RecordthesecondresultinthefieldnotebookwithanotationthatitwasRapidlySettlingTurbiditymode.

o Oncereadingiscompleted,emptythesamplecell.Rinseitoncewithdistilledwater,fillittothelinewithdistilledwater,andscrewonthecap.Thesamplecellshouldalwaysbestoredfilledwithdistilledwater.

PrepareallsamplebottlesfortransportaccordingtothePreparingGrab

SamplesforCourierPickupprocedurefoundintheappendixofthismanual.



Quality Control ForqualitycontrolrelatedtoFieldChemistryMeasurement,seetheField

ChemistryMeasurementsprocedurefoundinthismanual.


25

Forqualitycontrolrelatedtothegrabsamples,anequipmentblankanda

duplicatesamplewillbecollected.Theequipmentblankwillcheckforsamplererrorwhiletheduplicatesamplewillensurethelab’saccuracy.BOTHwillbecollectedevery10samples.Thismeanssequencenumbers001‐010wouldbeactualsamplesandthensequencenumber011wouldbeaduplicatesampleofsequencenumber010.Sequencenumber012wouldbeablank.Continuing,sequencenumbers013‐022wouldbeactualsamplesandthensequencenumber023wouldbeaduplicatesampleofsequencenumber022.Sequencenumber024wouldbeablank.Thispatternshouldcontinuetoensurequalitycontrol.

Duplicate Tocollectaduplicate,followthefollowingprocedures:

Thismustbedoneinthefieldatthegrabsamplingsiteasyouwillbeusingthesamestreamwaterusedforthe“real”samples.Prepareyourbottleswithyourothersamplingbottlesatvehiclebeforehikingintothesamplingsite.

Labelthesamplebottlesasiftheywereanotherregularsampleinthesequenceatthesite.Usethesequencenumberimmediatelyfollowingthenumberforthe“real”sample.

Whenrecordinginformationforthe“real”sample,alsorecordthetime(militaryformat),collectorID,andsequencenumberfortheduplicateintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook(Figure2.3)

Indicatethissampleasaduplicateofthe“real”sample(Figure2.3)

Whenobtainingsamplewaterforthe“real”sampleviaoneofthemethodsinthe

BottleSamplingsectionabove,fillthesecondsetofsamplebottlesfortheduplicateaswell.

Addpreservativeasappropriate.ForVOASWsamples,addthepreservative

beforefillingthevial(aswouldbedonefornormalsampling).

Whendonefillingsamplebottlesandaddingappropriatepreservative(s),prepareallsamplebottlesfortransportaccordingtothePreparingGrabSamplesforCourierPickupprocedurefoundinAppendixBofthismanual(justasyouwoulddoforanormalsample).

Equipment Blank (i.e., Rinsate Blank) Tocollectanequipmentblank,followthefollowingprocedures:


26

Thiscanbedoneinthefield(recommended)orbackattheoffice.

Labelthesamplebottlesasiftheywereanotherregularsampleinthesequenceatthesite(i.e.theequipmentblankshouldreplicatetheSACcode/analysiscompletedthatday)

Recordthedate,time(militaryformat),collectorID,sequencenumber,SACcodetheblankisreplicating,andthelastnamesofthesamplingcrewintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

Indicatethissampleas“BlankUltrapure”intheappropriateplaceinthefield

notebook.

Gatherasupplyofseverallitersofultra‐purewater.

BlanksshouldONLYbefilledwithultrapurecontainersspecificallydesignatedforequipmentblanksONLY!

Rinseeachsamplebottleandcapwithultra‐purewaterthreetimes.Fillthe

samplebottleswithultra‐purewater.

Addpreservativeasappropriate.ForVOASWsamples,addthepreservativebeforefillingthevial(aswouldbedonefornormalsampling).

Whendonefillingsamplebottlesandaddingappropriatepreservative(s),record

theoffsitetimeintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook. PrepareallsamplebottlesfortransportaccordingtothePreparingGrab

SamplesforCourierPickupprocedurefoundintheAppendixBofthismanual(justasyouwoulddoforanormalsample).


27

Figure2.3

*Ascannedimageofthefieldnotebookwhencompletingaduplicate(HOBOmaintenancemay/maynotapply).


28

Figure2.4

*Anotherexampleofthefieldnotebookwith2014“updates”(HOBOmaintenancemay/maynotapply).


29

Data Management Resultsfromthelabanalysesofthegrabsampleswillbeloggedinanonline

databasetobeaccessedbytheBureau’sEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwaterqualitymonitoring.

AllnotesfromthefieldnotebookshouldbescannedandsavedasaPDFtothefollowinglocations:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\WaterSampleFieldNotebookandthestream’s“targetfolder”atthefollowinglocation:\\nrforbofs06\RPI\Monitoring\MonitoringProtocols\Water\StreamTargetFolders.NamethePDF’sfollowingtheformatpresentlyestablishedinthefolders.

Thisneednotbemultipletimesfordifferentwaterproceduresinaday.

Offloadtherelevantflowfiles(.tsv)fromtheHachflowmeterintotheflowdatafolderwithinthestream’s“targetfolder”atthefollowinglocation:\\nrforbofs06\RPI\Monitoring\MonitoringProtocols\Water\StreamTargetFolders.Nameaccordingtoformatpreviouslyestablishedinthefolder.

Enterallrelevantcollector,stream,andgrabsampleinformationintothe“CollectorIDLogbook”locatedatthefollowinglocation:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water.FillintheinformationforyourcollectorI.D.andsavethespreadsheet.

Water Quality Monitoring‐Temperature‐Conductivity Probe (Hobo) Maintenance

30

Temperature-Conductivity Probe (Hobo) Maintenance

Purpose Temperature‐Conductivityprobes(Hobos)aredeployedtomeasureandrecordstreamtemperatureandconductivityovertime.Hobosarestakedintothestreambedandleftforaperiodoftimetorecorddata,thenperiodicallyvisitedformaintenanceanddownloadingofdata.DatacollectedbyHoboscanbeusedtocharacterizestreamconditions,monitorforinfluxofhigh‐conductivitywater(suchasflowbackwater),ormonitorforinfluencesonstreamtemperature(resultingfromthingssuchasclearedriparianforest).PeriodicmaintenanceofHobosisnecessaryforseveralreasons.Hoboscanexperienceburialordisturbanceoftheirstakedpositions.Theycanexperience“fouling”oftheirsensor,whichisgrowthofalgae/bacteriaonthesensor,orpluggingofthesensorareawithsediment.

Hobosalsomayexperiencecalibrationdrift,wherebythecalibratedvalueforconductivitychangesovertime.AlthoughtheconductivitycalibrationcannotbecorrectedorchangedonHobos,acheckoftheirreadingsrelativetocalibrationstandardscanbevaluableinpost‐processingofdata.Eachofthesepotentialnegativeeffectsshouldbechecked,documented,andaddressedduringmaintenancevisits.

Equipment Needs YSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument) conductivitycalibrationsolutions(forcalibrationofYSIProPlusandcalibration

checks) lint‐freewipes(e.g.,Kimwipes) cottonswabs(e.g.,Q‐tips) toothbrushes bottlebrushes spraybottleofmildsoapywater (2)dedicatedcalibrationcheckbottles[(1)for100μS/cm&(1)for1,000μS/cm] squirtbottleofdistilled/deionizedwater carabiners(several) Muckbootsorwaders fieldnotebook penorpencil HoboDataShuttleandUSBcable TabletcomputerwithHobowaresoftwareloaded GPSunit(ifneeded) WaterproofCamera


31


Procedure ItisrecommendedtocalibratetheYSIProPlusforconductivitybeforeleaving

theoffice,butthiscouldalsobedoneinthefieldifenoughcalibrationsolutionistaken.Thesolutionshouldbeatastabletemperature.CalibrationshouldbedoneaccordingtotheCalibrationprocedureoutlinedintheFieldChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual..REMEMBER:AcalibrationlogsheetwillneedtobefilledouteachdayaYSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument)isused

NavigatetothesiteofinterestwheretheHoboisdeployed.HobodeploymentlocationscanbefoundonFIMSintheOGITgeodatabaseusingthefollowingpath:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring\HoboSondesLocations.

Filloutthefieldnotebookaccordingtotheformatpreviouslyestablishedfor

Hobomaintenancevisits(refertoexamplesintheSurfaceWaterGrabSamplingandFlowMeasurementprocedurefoundinthismanual).BESURETOINCLUDETHE5‐DIGITWRDSSTREAMCODEWITHTHESTREAMNAME.

Side by Side Measurement Onceonsite,measurementofconductivityandtemperatureshouldbetaken

immediatelyside‐by‐sidewiththeProPlusandHobo.Toaccomplishthis,theHobodeploymentlocationshouldbeidentified,withoutdisturbingtheareaupstreamoraroundtheHobo.(IfseveralHobosaredeployedinseriesalongastream,thenthisprocessshouldbeginwiththefurthestdownstreamHobo.)

SettheProPlussensorinthestreamascloseaspossibletotheHobowithout

disturbingtheHobo. FromtheProPlus,takeareadingofconductivity,specificconductance,and

temperatureaccordingtotheTakingMeasurementsprocedureoutlinedintheFieldChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual.

Thetimeofthismeasurementshouldberecordedaswell.Recordthisinformationintheappropriatelocationinthefieldnotebook.AlltimerecordsshouldberecordedinmilitaryformatinEDT/DST(Local)time.THEHOBOSHOULDBESETTOLOGINUTC‐5TIME!

RemovetheProPlussensorfromthestream.


32

Retrieving Hobo CarefullyremoveanyrockscoveringtheHoboshroudandsetthemaside.Set

therocksinaplacewhereyouwillrememberthem,sothesamerockscanbeusedtocovertheHoboshroudoncemaintenanceiscompleted.MinimizedisturbanceofsedimentandtheHoboshroudwhileremovingtherocks.

RemovetheHobofromthestakebydisconnectingthecarabinerthatholdsthe

Hoboshroudtothestake.Attachapieceofchaintothecarabineronthestaketoaidinlocatingthestakeuponreturningifdesired

CarefullyopentheHoboshroudandremovetheHoboandfoaminsert.Use

cautionnottomisplacethefoaminsert.

TaketheHoboandshroudtoaworkareaforcleaningandotherprocedures.

Hobo Cleaning CleantheHoboshroud,insideandoutside,withabottlebrushandstream

water. CleantheHobo,exceptforthesensorareaandcommunicationport(i.e.,the

clearplasticbottom),withatoothbrushandstreamwater(Figure2.5) Ifneeded,spraytheentireHobowithsoapywaterand,exceptforthesensor

areaandcommunicationport,cleanagainwithatoothbrush,thenrinseinstreamwater.

Rinsethesensorareaandcommunicationportwithstreamwater(usesoapy

waterifneeded)andrubgentlywithacottonswab,thenrinsewithstreamwaterordistilledwater.

WipetheHobowithalint‐freewipe(itisOKtowipethesensorareaand

communicationport)andsetasideforthenextprocedure.

Figure2.5HOBOsensor


33

Hobo Data Download TurnonthepadandopenHoboware.PlugtheUSBcordintothepadandthen

intotheHobodatashuttle.Hobowareshouldrecognizethattheshuttleisattached.

AttachthedatashuttletotheHobo,aligningtheHoboproperlywithintheshuttle.Thendepressthebaronthesideoftheshuttle.ThisshouldcauseHobowaretorecognizethattheHoboisattached.TheHobo’sserialnumbershoulddisplayatthebottomoftheHobowarescreen.

Click‘Device’fromthetopofthescreen,then‘Readout’.PresstheEnterkeyto

selecttheHobo. Amessageshouldappearaskingifyouwishto“stoptheloggerbeforereading

outthelogger”?Select‘Don’tStop’ Readoutstatusbarappears.Makesureitfinisheswithreadoutofloggerto

100%complete. A‘Save’windowwillautomaticallypopupwhenreadoutisfinished.Savefilein

appropriateplaceonyourtabletcomputer.Hitenterorselect‘Save’ Hobowarethendisplaysasetupwindowforopeningthedatafile.Pressthe

Enterkey Makesurealldatafromthepreviousvisittocurrenttimehasbeentransferred.

Closethegraph.

Hobo Calibration Checks Preparetwocalibrationcheckbottlesinthededicated500mLcalibrationcheck

bottles(whicharelabeledassuch):100μS/cmstandard,and1000μS/cmstandard.Rinseeachcheckbottlewithasmallamountofitsrespectivecalibrationsolutionthreetimes.Then,pourapproximately2inchesofeachofthesolutionsintotheirrespectivecalibrationcheckbottles.

Atsomesites,itmaybeadvantageoustopreparethecheckbottlesatthevehicle,toreducetheamountofequipmentneededtocarryintoasite. Click‘Device’fromthetopofthescreen,then‘Status’.PresstheEnterkeyto

selecttheHobo.ThecurrentstatusoftheHoboshoulddisplay.


34

Readthe‘LowRangeConductivity’valuewiththeHobodriedandsittinginair.Itshouldbeclosetozero.Ifitisnotlessthan10μS/cm,thendryitagainwithalint‐freewipeandrecheck.Thereadingwillnotlikelystayinoneplace,butwillfluctuatearoundasmallrange.Choosethevaluethatreadsmostfrequently.RecordtheInAir‘LowRangeConductivity’and‘Temperature’valuesintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

PlacetheHobo,sensor‐sidedown,inthe100μS/cmcalibrationcheckbottle.Be

certainthatthereisenoughcalibrationsolutioninthebottletocovertheHobosensor.SwirltheHoboseveraltimeswithinthebottle,andthenleantheHoboagainstthesideofthebottle.

Readthe‘LowRangeConductivity’valueoncethereadinghassettledwithina

fewμS/cm.Thereadingwillnotlikelystayinoneplace,butwillslowlyfluctuateupordown.ChoosethevaluethattheHobopausesonforafewmomentswithinashorttimeofplacingtheHoboinsolution.Recordthe100μS/cm‘LowRangeConductivity’and‘Temperature’valuesintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

RemovetheHobofromthe100μS/cmcalibrationsolutionandsquirtitdown

withdistilledwater,particularlysquirtingthesensor.DrytheHoboandsensorthoroughlywithalint‐freewipe.

PlacetheHobointhe1000μS/cmstandardbottle.Repeattheprocessabove,

recordingthe1000μS/cm‘LowRangeConductivity’and‘Temperature’valuesintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.

RemovetheHobofromthe1000μS/cmcalibrationsolution.SquirttheHobo

withdistilledwater,particularlysquirtingthesensor.

DocumentFouling:

WiththeHobostillintheshuttleandattachedtothetablet,putsensorintostreaminanareaofwellmixedflowandlogreal‐timeuntilreadingsstabilize.Readandrecordthestabilizedtemperatureandlowrangeconductivityvaluesintheappropriateplaceinthefieldnotebook.Alsorecordthetimeofthisreading.

Takeaquickfinallookattheinformationinthe‘DeviceStatus’windowandensurethattheHobo’sbatterylifeis‘Good’,timeisUTC‐5time,andtheloggerisNOT‘Stopped’


35

Closethe‘DeviceStatus’windowontheHoboware. RemovetheHobofromthedatashuttle. Ifthelastsiteoftheday,discardthesolutionsleftinthecalibrationcheck

bottlesthenrinsethemthreetimeswithdistilledwater,andthenreturnthemtostorage.

Ifvisitingmultiplesitesinthesameday,thesamecalibrationcheckbottlesandsolutionsmaybeusedforcalibrationchecks.NEVERusethesamesolutionformultipledayshowever.

Hobo Re-deployment ReturntheHobototheshroud(sensorenddown),insertthefoampadding,and

screwontheshroudlid. BecertainthatyoureturntheHobototheproperlocationbasedonitsserial

number(ifHobosdeployedinseries).Checkpriorentriesinthefieldnotebooktoconfirm.

Reconnecttheshroudtothestakewiththecarabiner.Inspectcarabinersand

replaceif“faulty”(i.e.theydonotcloseproperly). Replacetherockstocovertheshroud,makingitbarelyvisibletopassersby,but

notobstructingitfromreceivingstreamflow.

Final Side-by-Side Measurement Thelaststepistotakeafinalside‐by‐sidemeasurementwiththeProPlus.The

ProPluswillhavealreadybeencalibratedearlierinthefieldvisit.(IfseveralHobosaredeployedinseriesalongastream,thenthisprocessshouldbeginwiththefurthestdownstreamHobo.)

SettheProPlussensorinthestreamascloseaspossibletotheHobowithout

disturbingtheHobo. FromtheProPlus,takeareadingofconductivity,specificconductance,and

temperatureaccordingtotheTakingMeasurementsprocedureoutlinedintheFieldChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual.

Thetimeofthismeasurementshouldberecordedaswell.Recordthisinformationintheappropriatelocationinthefieldnotebook.

RemovetheProPlussensorfromthestream,andleavetheHobodeployed.


36

Attheconclusionofeachday,ensuretheProPlusisstoredwithasmallamount

ofwaterinthebottomofthecalibrationcupandthecupistightenedontheQuatrocablebulkhead.


Data Management Uponreturningtotheoffice,opentheHobofile(s)andtakeaquicklookatthe

data.Ifanyanomaliesorsignificant“spikes”arenoticedinthedata,particularlywithconductivity,informtheEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwatermonitoringviaemailforfurtherinspection.

Significantspikeswillbethosethatmorethandouble“normal”conductivityranges(i.e.astreamthataverages15‐30us/cmlowrangeconductivityreadingsthroughoutthemonththatjumpsupgreaterthan60us/cm).Theseeventsshouldbesubmittedforreview.

Copythefilesfromthetabletcomputertotheappropriateplaceinthetarget

folderatthefollowinglocation:\\nrforbofs06\RPI\Monitoring\MonitoringProtocols\Water\StreamTargetFolders.Namethefilesfollowingtheformatpreviouslyestablishedinthefolders.

AllnotesfromthefieldnotebookshouldbescannedandsavedasaPDFtothe

followinglocation:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\WaterSampleFieldNotebookandthestream’s“targetfolder”atthefollowinglocation:\\nrforbofs06\RPI\Monitoring\MonitoringProtocols\Water\StreamTargetFolders.NamethePDF’sfollowingtheformatpresentlyestablishedinthefolders.

Thisneednotbedonemultipletimesforvariouswaterproceduresinaday

Water Quality Monitoring‐Widespread Sampling

37

Widespread Sampling

Purpose FieldchemistrymeasurementgivesadiscreterepresentationofbasicwaterqualityparametersincludingpH,temperature,conductivity,specificconductance,andalkalinity.Thisinformationisusefulbothasanindicatorofstreamqualityandasadetectorofpotentialstreamimpairment(e.g.,lowpHsuggestingacidpollution,highconductivitysuggestingsaltpollution).Fieldchemistrymeasurementwillbeusedatwidespreadsamplinglocationsthroughoutthegasdistricts.ThewidespreadsamplingwillprovidesomeassurancetoDistrictForestersandstakeholdersthattheirlocalstreamsarenotgrosslycontaminatedbygasdevelopment(orwillidentifysuchcontamination).ThewidespreadsamplingwillalsoprovidereferencepointsforBOFandDEPshouldapollutioneventoccurinthevicinityofasamplinglocation.

Equipment Needs YSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument) Meter‐specificcalibrationlogsheet pHandconductivitycalibrationsolutions(forcalibration) squirtbottleofdistilled/deionizedwater HannaInstrumentsHI755CheckerHCHandheldColorimeterkit Lint‐freecloth(e.g.Kimwipes) WidespreadSamplingDatasheetortabletcomputer GPSunit Measuringtape(USunits) Laserrangefinder Flagging Penorpencil(ifusingdatasheet) Muckbootsorwaders


Procedures Eachdayofsampling,followtheCalibrationproceduresoutlinedintheField

ChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual.REMEMBER:AcalibrationlogsheetwillneedtobefilledouteachdayaYSIProPlus(orsimilarinstrument)isused


38

Ifusingatabletcomputer,besuretohavetheappropriatewatersamplepointlocationsonyourtablet.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

CAUTION:Ifusingatabletcomputertoenternewdataforawatersamplepoint,DONOTUNDERANYCIRCUMSTANCESOPENAPOINTINANEDITINGSESSIONTHATYOUDONOTEVENTUALLYEDIT.ThiswillcreatedatamanagementissuesintheOGITgeodatabase.

Obtainthecoordinatesforthesamplingsiteofinterestanddriveasnearaspossibletothecoordinates.Atpreviouslyvisitedsitesthe“Notes”sectionwillsometimesprovidesomeguidancenavigatingtothesite.

Onceparked,completethefollowinginformationonthedatasheetortablet

computer:o SampleSite:thedesignatednumberofthesite(SampleID)o Date:thedatethesiteisbeingsampledo District:theforestdistrictinwhichthesamplesiteislocatedo Model:whethertheYSIProPlus,YSIModel63,orotherdeviceisbeingusedo Monitor’sName(s):thename(s)oftheperson(s)testingthesiteo WeatherandPrecipitation:markcurrentobservationsonthedatasheeto Departfromvehicle:thetimeyouleftthevehicletohiketothesamplingsite

Hiketothepre‐determinedcoordinates.Ifpossible,identifytheprevious

samplingpointbasedonflaggingalongthestream. NeartheGPScoordinates,selectanareaofthestreamthatisrepresentativeof

thestream.Thismayormaynotbethepointpreviouslysampled.Chooseanareathatisrelativelyuniformindepthacrossthestream.Avoidobstructions(e.g.,largerocksordownedtrees),andavoidpools.

Enterthestreamdownstreamfromyoursamplingpointtoavoidintroducing

disturbedsedimenttothesamplingpoint. Placetheprobeupstreamorofftothesideofyourposition,nearthecenterof

thecurrent,inanareaofuniform,well‐mixedflow.Theprobeshouldbeawayfromthestreambankandinthecurrent(i.e.,donotsamplestagnantornon‐flowingwater).

Oncetheprobeisinplace,givethecordaslighttwistandshaketodislodgeany

airbubblestrappedinthesensors.


39

Oncereadingsstabilize(staythesameforseveralseconds),recordthemonthedatasheetortabletcomputer.

ConductanalkalinitymeasurementwiththeHannaHI755alkalinitytesterusing

proceduresoutlinedinFieldChemistryMeasurementssectionofthismanual.Readandrecordthealkalinity(inppmofCaCO3)onthedatasheetortabletcomputer.

Completethefollowinginformationonthedatasheetortabletcomputer:

o Time:thetimethatmeasurementsaretaken(militaryformat)o Latitude/Longitude:Recordedonre‐sampledsitesifthelocationofthe

samplingpointneedstobemovedandisdifferentthantheoriginalcoordinates.Otherwise,thereisnoneedtofillthisin.*Thiscanbedonereal‐timeinthefieldifusingatabletcomputer.

o SampleLocation:enterinformationthatdescribesthesamplingpointlocation(e.g.,distancefromlargerockortreeofcertaindiameter).Again,thisneedonlybechangedifthesamplerfeelstheoriginalsamplelocationneedsclarifiedorthesamplingpointisbeingmoved.

o Streamwidth:Usingameasuringtape,measurefromwateredgetowateredgetothenearesttenthofafoot.Avoidareasofbackwaterorobstructions.Ifthestreamislargeenoughsuchthatmeasuringwiththetapeisimpossible,usealaserrangefinder(Careful:remembertorecordinfeet).

o Streamdepth:Probethestreamwithasticktofind,approximately,theaveragedepthnearwhereyousampled.Measurebymarkingthestickandmeasuringwiththetapetothenearesttenthofafoot.Forlargerstreamsthatcannotbewaded,estimatetheaveragedepth.

Placeflaggingtomarkthesamplelocationatnewsites,iforiginalflagging

cannotbelocated,orsitehasbeenmovedfromthepreviouslocation.Ifasite’slocationismovedandoriginalflaggingstillexistsbesuretoremoveit.Incaseswhereatreeisreferencedinthesamplelocation,thisisusuallytheobjectthatisflagged.

Hikebacktothevehicleandcompletethefollowinginformationonthe

datasheetortabletcomputer:o Returntovehicle:thetimeyoureturnedtothevehiclefromthesampling

siteo Totaltime:thetimeelapsedbetween“Departfromvehicle”and“Returnto

vehicle”.Thisshouldberecordedindecimalhours(e.g.15minutes=0.25hours,1hour30minutes=1.50hours)

o SurrogateStreamFlow:obtainedfrommultiplyingstreamwidthbystreamdepth.Roundtothenearesttenthofafoot(thiscalculationcanbecalculated


40

atthesamplesiteorbackintheoffice).Ifusingatabletcomputer,thisvalueisautomaticallycalculated

Oncebackintheoffice,completethesectionofthedatasheet“Precipitationlast

48hours”usingthestepsbelow.Thisisdeterminedbythehighestrateithasrainedanygivenhourwithinthelast48hours.o Gotothefollowinglink:

http://waterdata.usgs.gov/pa/nwis/current/?type=precip&group_key=county_cd

o Undertheappropriatecounty,selectastationthatisnearestthesamplelocationofinterest

o Besure“00045Precipitation”ischeckedunderavailableparameters,and“Table”ischeckedunderoutputformat.Click“GO”.

o Theresultingtablewillshowprecipitationamountsandbeseparatedintocellsof15minuteintervals.Lookthroughthesectionofthetableoutliningthe48hoursbeforeyousampledthesiteofinterest.Withinthattimeperiodfindthefourconsecutivecellsthatyieldthehighestprecipitationamount(i.e.thehighestrainfalltotal/hour).Addthefourcellsupforatotal.*Precipitationamountsthataresuspectedsnowfall/sleetshouldbeignored.ONLYdoforconfirmedrainevents.

o Usingthetotalobtained,circletheappropriateprecipitationclassonthedatasheetorselectonthetabletcomputerusingtheclassdesignationsbelow:None: nomeasurableamountsrecordedatstation,orsuspected

snowfallTrace: <.05”/hourLight: ≥.05and<.10”/hourModerate: ≥.10and<.40”/hourHeavy: ≥.40”/hour



Quality Control Iftwodifferentinstrumentsareusedinafieldseasonforwidespreadsampling,5%ofsamplinglocationswillbeperformedbybothunits,suchthattheresultscanbecompared.Similarly,ifmultiplefieldteamsperformwidespreadsampling,5%oflocationswillhavethewidth/depthmeasuredbybothteams,suchthattheresultscanbecompared.


41

Data Management Ifusingatabletcomputer,periodically“checkin”editedWaterSamplepointdataas

appropriate.DonotleteditedpointsaccumulateonyourtabletwithoutcheckingthembackintotheOGITgeodatabaseastheyriskbeinglost.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

Ifusingadatasheet,navigatetotheWaterSamplePointfeatureclassinFIMSusing

thefollowingpath:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring\WaterSamplePoint.Startaneditingsessionandmanuallyenterthedatafromthedatasheet.

Enterallcalibrationdatafromthecalibrationlogsheetintotheappropriateexcel

spreadsheetforthefieldmeterusedatthefollowinglocation:\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\CalibrationLogs.Simplymakeacopyofthe“PlaceDateHere‐BLANK”logsheet,placeitattheendofthetabs,renamethetabwiththedateofcalibrationusingtheformatday‐month‐year(e.g.18July2014),fillintheinformation,andsavethespreadsheet.

Water Quality Monitoring‐Pebble Count

42

Pebble Count

Purpose Pebblecountsareconductedtoassessthetypicalparticlesizedistributioninastreambed.Whenrepeatedovertime,pebblecountscanbeusedtodetectincreasedlevelsoferosionandsedimentationinawatershed,whichcanbedetrimentaltoaquaticcommunities.

Equipment Needs YSIClipboardandpencil Foldingmeasuringrule(metric) Longmeasuringtape,200‐ftormore(metric) Hand‐heldcounters Muckbootsorwaders Flagging PebbleCountDatasheets Tabletcomputerand/orGPSunit(ifneeded)


Establishing the Sample Reach Atstreamsthatarebeingre‐sampled(i.e.asamplereachandpebblecounthas

beenestablishedandconductedpreviously),simplynavigatetotheappropriateGPScoordinates,re‐flagthereachandmeasurestreamwidthsasoutlinedbelow,andconductthepebblecount.PreviouslyconductedpebblecountlocationscanbefoundintheOGITgeodatabaseusingthefollowingpath:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\OGIT_Geodatabase\OGIT.DBO.Monitoring\OGIT.DBO.Pebble_Sampling

Oncethestreamofinteresthasbeenidentified,asamplereachmustbeestablished.Thesamplereachshouldberepresentativeofthegeomorphologyandinstreamhabitattypicalwithinthestream.Forexample,donotselectanunusuallydeeppool(whichwouldskewresultstowardfinerparticles),alargeisland(whichwouldskewresultstowardlargerparticles),orasharp(i.e.,>90degree)bend(whichmayhaveanundercutbankthatisdifficulttosample).Thesamplereachshouldincludeatleasttworiffleandtwopoolhabitatunits,oraminimumof200meters(~660feet).Thedownstreamandupstreamextentofthesamplereachshouldcoincidewiththeheadofariffle.Recordthelengthofthereachonthedatasheet.


43

Measurementofthereachshouldbeginattheupstreamextentandproceeddownstream.Thiswillensurethatthefullreachiswalkedandexaminedpriortobeginningtheprotocol.

Theupstreamanddownstreamextentofthesamplereachshouldbemarkedwithflaggingonbothbanks.

TheGPScoordinatesoftheupstreamanddownstreamextents,atcenterpointofstream,shouldberecordedaswell.

Placeflaggingevery50metersalongthereach.Thisflaggingwillserveasbenchmarksduringthecount,ensuringthatcountingisprogressingattheproperpace(i.e.,approximately50pebblesper50meters).

Bankfulledgeshouldbediscussedwiththecrewalongthestreaminanylocationswherethebankfulledgeisindoubtordifficulttodiscern.Thiswillensurethateachteamconsidersthebankfulledgethesameinsuchareas.Commonindicatorsofbankfulledgearetheedgeofrootedvegetation,scourlinesorsmallfloodbenches,andthetopsofactivepointbars.(Forframeofreference,thebankfullflowtypicallyoccursevery1.5years.)

Thewidthofthestreamshouldbemeasured(infeetandtenthsoffeet),frombankfulledgetobankfulledge,attheupstreamanddownstreamextentofthereachandatthe50‐meterbenchmarks.Widthmeasurementismadeperpendiculartoflow.Thesewidthmeasurementsshouldberecordedonthedatasheetandcomputedforanaveragestreamwidth.

Theflaggingshouldremaininplacesuchthatthesitecanberevisitedinthefuture.

Conducting the Pebble Count Pebblecountswillbeconductedwithtwo‐personteams.Onepersoncollects

andmeasuresthepebbles(thesampler),theotherpersontalliesandcountsthepebbles(thescribe).Foreachstream,threedifferentteams(orsamplers)shouldcompletethepebblecountalongthesamesamplereach.

Recordthestreamname,date,andlastnamesofthesurveycrewonthedatasheet,indicatingwhothesamplerisandwhothescribeis.

Atleast200particlesaretobesampledfromthesamplereach.

Pebblecountsareconductedalongazig‐zagtransectfrombankfulledgetobankfulledge(Figure2.6).Theangleofthezigzagtransectdependsuponthemeanderpattern(orsinuosity)ofthesamplereach.A45degreeangleisagoodstartingpoint,buttheanglecannotbeprescribed,becausealowsinuosityreach


44

willrequirealesssharpanglethanahighsinuosityreach.Thus,theanglemayneedadjustedasthesamplermovestowardthe50‐meterbenchmarks.

Foragivenpacingacrossthestream,thechosenangleshouldbemaintainedasbestaspossible.Thisisbestaccomplishedbyidentifyingalocationontheoppositebanktowalktowards,suchasarockortreetrunk.

Thezig‐zagtransectbeginsatthedownstreamextentofthesamplereach,whichshouldbetheheadofariffle.

Beginningattheleftbank(“left”isdefinedasonefacesdownstream),thesamplerpacesoffgreaterthan2.1meters(~7feet).Thispacingdistanceisimportanttoavoidcorrelationbetweenparticlessampled.

Aparticleisselectedbyplacingthefingeratthetoeoftheboot,and,withoutlooking,slidingthefingerdownwarduntilitfirsttouchesaparticle.Iftwoparticlesaretouchedsimultaneously,thentheparticlenearesttotheleftsideoftheperson’sfingernailshouldbecounted.Ifitispossibletopickupthisparticle,thesamplershoulddoso.

Thisparticleisthenmeasuredatthemaximumlengthofitsintermediateaxisusingametricrule(Figure2.6).

Iftheparticlecannotbepickedup,itshouldbecategorizedassandorsilt/claydependingonthefeeloftheparticle(seeexplanationbelow).

Thesamplershouldagainpacenolessthan2.1meterstothenextsamplingpointandrepeattheprocess.

Ifthesamplerreachesthebankfulledgebeforepacingoffthefulldistancetothenextsamplingpoint,thenthesamplershouldturnawayfromthebank(atthesameanglehe/shearrivedatthebank)andcontinuetheremainingdistancetoestablishthenextpoint.

Thezigzagtransectshouldcontinueupstreamuntiltheupstreamextentisreached.

Theminimumsizeclasstobemeasuredshouldbeverycoarsesand(1‐2mm).

Anysandlessthan1mmshouldbeclassifiedsimplyasmediumsand(i.e.,nofurthersub‐categoriesoffinersand).Asandparticleshouldfeelgrittytothetouch,andifasamplecanbepickedup,itshouldmakeagrindingsoundwhenrubbednexttotheear.

Aclay/siltparticlewillnotfillgritty;rather,itwillhaveasmooth,silky,orgreasyfeel.


45

Conversely,someparticles,suchasboulders,willbetoolargetoaccuratelymeasurebecausetheycannotberemovedfromthestreamorarepartiallyburiedinthestream.Ifall3axesarevisible,measurethemaximumlengthoftheintermediateaxisasnormal.Ifonly2axesarevisible,thesamplershoulddotheirbesttomeasuretheshortestvisibleaxis(thusassumingthattheactualshortestaxisistheoneburied).

EachparticlemeasurementistalliedbythescribeaccordingtoWentworthsizeclassesonthedatasheet.Thescribealsowilluseahandcountertokeepatotaltallyofthepebblescounted.Thescribeshouldclickthecounteratthetimethesamplerbendsovertotouchapebble.However,whenworkinginalargercrewandthereisonescribeformultiplesamplers,itmaybebettertohaveeachsamplerkeeptheirowntallyofpebblescounted.

Anynon‐nativerocks(e.g.limestonerockinasandstonestream)thatarepickedupbythesamplertobetalliedshouldbetalliedwithintheappropriatesizeclassandindicatedas“Non‐nativestonetally”onthedatasheet.


46

Figure2.6DiagramofaPebbleCountsurvey


47

Contingency Measures Lessthan200pebblescounted:Iflessthan200particleshavebeencollected,

oneofthefollowingshouldoccur.Iflessthan150pebbleshavebeencounted,thenthezigzagshouldberepeatedthroughtheentirereachbutatalesssharpangle,suchthatlessparticlesarecollectedduringthesecondtransect.Ifbetween150and200pebbleshavebeencounted,thenthesamplingreachcanbeextendedupstreambyadditionalrifflepoolsequences(againendingattheheadofariffle).Ineithercase,thesamplingshouldbeconductedsuchthatatleast200pebblesarecounted.

Verydeeppoolsencountered:Verydeeppoolscanmakeitdifficulttosample,

logistically,withoutgettingthesamplerverywetoremployingsubmergedsampling.Bothofthosescenariosshouldbeavoided.Ifthepoolsaretoodeepsimplybecausethesamplersarenotpresentlyequippedwithsufficientlengthboots,thenthesamplingshouldbehalted,andthereachshouldberesampledwhenadequatebootsareavailable.Ifthedeeppoolsaresuchthatthesamplerscannotreachthestreambedeveninadequateboots,thenthefollowingprotocolshouldbeperformed.Thepointthatcannotbereachedshouldbecountedasonetallyofthefinestparticleencounteredduringtheentirepebblecount(i.e.,probablyasandorclay/siltparticle).Then,thesamplershouldmentallyprojectthezig‐zagwalkacrossthepool.Ifthenext(orseveral)pointsfallwithinthedeeppool,thenthefinestparticleshouldagainbetallied.Oncetheprojectedzig‐zagwalkreachesapointthatcanbewadedandsampled,thesamplingshouldcontinueasbefore.Anypebblescountedinthismannershouldbespecificallyidentifiedonthedatasheetas“UnreachableDeepPoolTally.”

Caddis‐Flycasingsencountered:Ifitcanbedeterminedthatthefirstgrainfelt

isthesandfromacaddisflycasing,thenthecountshouldnotbesand.Instead,thecountshouldbethepebbleonwhichthecaddisflycasingwasattached.

Vegetationclumpsencountered:Iftheendofapaceforcountinglandsona

patchofsubmergedorothervegetation,theparticlethatisthesubstrateforthatvegetationshouldbecounted.Inotherwords,selecttheparticlethatissupportingtherootsofthevegetation,whichusuallyissand,silt,orclay.

Silt“dusting”encountered:Ifthesamplerobservesadustyorlightcoveringof

siltonpebblesinthestream,thisshouldnotnecessarilybecountedassilt.Onlyifthesiltcoveringissufficientthatitisthefirstthingthesamplerfeels,whenreachingdownward,shouldthecountbetalliedassilt/clay.


48

Losingholdofsmallpebbles:Sometimes,duetotheflowingwater,thetouchingofasmallparticlewiththefingertipmaycauseittoflowawayandoutofreach.Ifthisoccurs,anditispossibletoestimatethesizeoftheparticlebased onthatbrieftouch,thatparticleshouldberecordedonthedatasheet.Ifitisnotpossibletoestimatethesizeoftheparticle,thenthezig‐zagshouldcontinuewithouttallyingaparticleatthatlocation.Anypebblescountedinthismannershouldbespecificallyidentifiedonthedatasheetas“EstimatedduetoDropTally.”

Encounteringatypicalgeomorphologyorotherstreamfeatures:Atypical

backwatershouldbeexcludedfromthesamplereach.Thisisbecausethehydrologyofbackwaterareasisnot“typical”ofthestream,andtheobjectiveistocharacterizetypicalstreambedcharacteristics.Inaddition,tributariescomingintothesamplereachshouldbeexcludedfromthesamplereach.Thisisbecausethehydrologyandbedmaterialofthetributarymaybedifferentthanthesamplereach.Ifanisland,sandbar,orclumpofvegetationisencounteredthatishigherthanthebankfullelevation,thisfeatureshouldbeskipped,andthezig‐zagtransectshouldcontinueontheothersideofthefeature.Iftheisland,sandbar,orclumpofvegetationislowerthanbankfullelevation,thenpacingshouldcontinuethroughthefeature.Whensmallobstructions,suchasdownedlogsorundercutbanks,areencountered,thepacescanbevisuallyprojectedbeneathorovertheobstruction,suchthatthezig‐zagtransectcanbecontinued.

Data Management Onceall3pebblecountshavebeenconductedalongthesamesamplereachona

givenstream,thedatasheetsaretobescannedandsentviaemailtothewaterresourcespecialistforfurtherdataprocessing.

ThescanneddatasheetsshouldalsobesavedandplacedintheappropriatefolderonRPI_RAID\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\Pebble_Sampling.Thefilesshouldbenamedusingtheformat“StreamName”_”YearCompleted”(e.g.BearRun_2013.pdf)

GPSlocationsfornewpebblecountsshouldbeaddedtothepebblesampling

featureclassinFIMSwhichcanbefoundusingthefollowingpath:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\OGIT_Geodatabase\OGIT.DBO.Monitoring\OGIT.DBO.Pebble_SamplingBesuretofilloutappropriateattributesforthepoints.SimilarlyanyeditstoestablishedpebblecountlocationscanbeeditedinthisfeatureclasswithinFIMS.

Water Quality Monitoring‐Benthic Macroinvertebrate Collection

49

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Collection

Purpose Samplingforbenthicmacroinvertebratestoassesswaterqualityhasbeenstandardpracticeintheglobalwaterqualitymonitoringindustryfordecades.BiometricslikethePADEPIndexofBioticIntegrity(IBI),ShannonDiversity,HilsenhoffBioticIndex(HBI),theIndexofBioticAcidification(IBA),theFunctionalFeedingReferenceCondition,andmanyothers,arepowerfulstatisticaltoolsusedtoassessmultiplecomponentsofastream’slong‐termwaterqualityasexpressedinitsbiologicalcommunity.BecauseaquaticinvertebratesareexcellentindicatorsofwaterqualityandareroutinelysampledaspartofPennsylvania’svariousongoingwaterqualityassessmentprograms,theDCNRwillcollectbenthicmacroinvertebratesregularlyaspartofourmonitoringprogramstoassesstheattainmentofaquaticlifeusesinareaswheremonitoringisdeemednecessary,suchasinshalegasareasortotrackAMDremediationefforts,forexample.Theprimarymethodusedtocollecttheseorganismsisthemethoddescribedbelow,whichisbasedon—andidenticalto—PADEP’sAntidegradationandInstreamComprehensiveEvaluation(ICE)surveys.

Equipment Needs 500μ(micron)meshD‐Framenet 1to2Nalgene2LWideMouthBottles Denaturedalcohol(samplepreservative)1to2literspersample,>70%alcohol

concentration Hiporchestwaders;chestwaderswithsturdyreinforcedwadingshoesare

recommended StandardSieveNo.35(500micron) 4LUtilityPail Thermobottlelabels,orotherstickylabel PermanentmarkerorPen Clearpackagingtape WaterQualityNetworkHabitatAssessmentDatasheet Neopreneglovesarerecommended,butnotrequired FieldNotebook DigitalCamera GPSunit

Procedures

Typically,watergrabsamples(suchasSAC046orSAC972)willbecollectedpriortomacroinvertebratesampling,aswilldiscretefieldchemistryvalues(pH,temperature,conductivity,specificconductivity,dissolvedoxygen,andturbidity).


50

Flowmeasurementsusingaflowmeterwillbecompletedaswell.Beforeleavingtheoffice,besuretomakeallnecessarypreparationsandgatherallequipmentneededtocompletethesetasksinthefieldaswell.


Establishing the Sample Reach The100mreachshouldbehomogeneous,nothavinganydischarges,seeps,ortributariesenteringintoit.Itshouldbefarenoughdownstreamofanyoftheseinputstoallowfortotalmixing.

Onceonsitewherethemacroinvertebratecollectionistotakeplace,writethedate,5‐digitWRDSstreamcode,streamname/location,timeonsite(militaryformat),andthelastnamesofthesamplingcrewinthefieldnotebook.

Ifestablishinganewsamplereach,conductareconnaissanceoftheareaofinterest,lookingfora100mreachwithoptimalriffleruntypewaterswithagoodmixofcobblesizedstone.

Whetherrevisitingapreviouslyestablished100mreachorestablishinganewone,alwayswalkthereach,takingamentalnoteofthemostoptimalsamplingareas.Further,makementalhabitatnotesonbankcondition,in‐streamfishhabitat,riparianzone,flowstatus,andotherstofacilitatethehabitatassessmentattheend.

UsingtheGPSunit,recordthecoordinatesofthebottomofthereachinthefield

notebook.Onrevisitedsites,usethepreviouslyestablishedGPSlocationasthebottomofthereach,ifpossible.

Onnewsitesandrevisitedsites,alwayswriteashortnarrativedescribingthe

siteand/oranythingunusual(e.g.largemosscoveredboulders,significantbankerosion,alotofnaturalwooddebrisinstream,lowflow,etc.),aswellasanyrecentchanges/activityatthesite(e.g.newpipeline,newroad,recentfishstructuresinstalled,etc.).Recordthisnarratveinthefieldnotebookwithothermacroinvertebratecollectioninformation.

Whenestablishinganewsamplereachbesuretotakepicturesofthestream

withadigitalcamera.Take4picturesminimumateachsamplereach,(2)atthebottomofthereach(BoR),and(2)atthetopofthereach(ToR).Oneorientedupstreamandtheotherdownstreamateachlocation.Sometimes,anupstreamanddownstreampicturecanbetakennearthemiddleofthereachaswell


51

(MoR).Thepicturesaremeanttobeasnapshotofthestreamarea/conditionsobesuretocapturethestreamandbothbankswhentakingpictures.

Whilewalking/conductingreconnaissanceoftheareaaroundthe100mreach,takespecialcarenottowalkinanddisturbthestreamsubstrateanditsbanks!

Discrete Measurement, Grab Samples, and Flow Measurement Oncethe100mreachislocated,conductadiscretemeasurementandcollect

appropriategrabsamplesatthebottomofthereach.DothisaccordingtostepsoutlinedintheSurfaceWaterGrabSamplingandFlowMeasurementprocedure.

TakeaflowmeasurementnearthebottomofthereachaccordingtotheSurfaceWaterGrabSamplingandFlowMeasurementprocedure.Ifthebestareatomeasureflowfallswithinthe100mreach,waitformacroinvertebratecollectiontobecompleteddownstreamoftheflowmeasurementsitesothatyoudonotdisturbthestream.

Recordallinformationforthediscretesample,grabsample,andflow

measurementinthefieldnotebookasotherwisedone.

Sampling Procedure SamplecollectionconsistsofsixD‐framekickeffortsfroma100mstreamreach,whicharecomposited,preserved,andreturnedtoalabforfurtherprocessingandidentification,whichisexplainedseparatelyintheBenthicMacroinvertebrateProcessingprocedurefoundinthismanual.Also,aPADEPhabitatassessmentwillbeconductedfollowingthemacroinvertebratesampling. Inthefieldnotebook,recordinformationforthemacroinvertbratecollection.

Includethedate(yyyymmdd),time(localmilitarytimetomatchkickingtime)andtheCommonwealthidentifierofthecollector(e.g.,20141126‐1300‐roryder).Theshortnarrativedescribedabovecangohereaswell.

Startingatthedownstreamextentofthereach,choosethebestriffleandrunhabitatareastokickandbecertaintoincludeareasofdifferentdepthsandvelocitycurrents(fastandslow)andsubstratetypes.

Spreadthe(6)samplekicksthroughoutthe100mreach,tryingatleasttosamplethreeriffles(fastandshallow,with“whitecaps”)andthreeruns(slowerandalittledeeper,withno“whitecaps”).

Typically,onemightsampletwokicksrelativelycloseatthebottomofthereach(BoR),twoinvicinityofthemiddleofreach(MoR),andtwoatthetopofreach(ToR).Streamconditionsandhabitatwilldictatethebestareas,however.


52

Sampling Methodology Onceyouhavelocatedtheareayouwishtokick,facedownstreamandplacethe

netfirmlyonthestreambottomsothatitdoesnotrockfromsidetosideintheareaimmediatelydownstreamoftheareayouaretargeting.Besuretherearenosizablegapsbetweenthebottomofthenetandthesteambed.

Ifasecondpersonisavailable,havehe/shereadyatimertokeeptimeasyouprogressthrougha“kickeffort”.

One“kickeffort”iswhenthesamplervigorouslykicksanapproximateareaof1m2(1X1m)immediatelyupstreamofthenettoadepthof10cm(approximately4”,orasmuchastheembeddednessofthesubstrateallows)forapproximately45to60seconds(

Figure2.7).

Whileholdingfirmlydownonthenet’shandletokeepthenetinplace,begindisturbingthestreamsubstratewithyourfootintheareaimmediatelyinfrontofthenet.

Graduallyworktheentire1m2areathoroughlywithyourwaderboots.Becauseeach“kickeffort”lastsapproximately60seconds,tryandtimeitsothattheentiresampleareaiscovered(i.e.allsubstrateinthesampleareahasbeendisturbedenoughtodislodgemostmacroinvertebratefaunaintothewatercolumn).

Allbenthicdislodgementandsubstratescrubbingshouldbedonebykicksonly.Substratehandlingshouldbelimitedtoonlymovinglargerocksordebrisoutofthekickareawithno“handwashing”(i.e.rubbingandscrubbingsubstratewithyourhandstodislodgemacroinvertebratefauna)tofacilitatekicking.Anyhandlingofrocksshouldbedoneinamannerlooselyimitativeofkicking.


53

Figure2.7SamplingwithaD‐framenet

Sincethewidthofthekickareaiswiderthanthenetopening,thesubstratematerialfromwithinthe1m2areashouldbekickedtowardthecenterofthesquaremeterarea–abovethenetopening.

Whilekicking,thesamplerisencouragedtousehisorherhandsandfeetasdescribedearliertomoveobjectsoutofthepathbetweenwaterandnetinthe1m2zone.Careshouldbetakentonotcreateobstructionsinfrontofthenet(typicallythecollector’sownfeetordislodgedstones)whichwoulddeflectstreamflowawayfromthenet.

Followingthefirstkickeffort,thecollectorcanchoosetomakethesecondkick

effortafterrinsingthesampletothebottomofthenet,orcandepositthefirstkickintothe2Lwide‐mouthsamplejar.

Becauseitcanbesomewhateasytolosetrackofhowmanykicksonemakes,andalsotosavetime,itisrecommendedusingthenettwice(i.e.completingtwo“kickefforts”)beforedepositingthekicksintothejar,unlessanexcessiveamountofdetritushascloggedthenet.Cautionshouldbetakenfrommovingtheutilitypailandjararoundthestreamtoavoidaccidentallydumpingeitherduringaslip‐and‐fall.Oneeffectivestrategyisplacing(duringtheinitialreconnaissance)thejarandpailatmid‐reachnearwherethethirdandfourthkickswilloccur.

Toemptynetcontentsintothesamplejar,thejarshouldbeplacedinto,orheldover,the4Lutilitypailtocatchdebrisandinvertebratesasthenetisinvertedanddebriscompositedgentlyintothejar.


54

Careshouldbetakentominimize“wearandtear”onthecollectedorganismswhencompositingthematerials(Figure2.8).

Thereductionoflargematerialsbycarefulremoval,inspection,andrinsinginabucketorusingasievepriortofieldpreservationoratthelabisencouraged.

Figure2.8Compositingkicksintosamplejar.Notealsosieveandpale.

Springsamplestypicallydonotrequiremorethanonebottle;NovemberandDecembersamplesmay,however,duetoleaffall.

Aftercompletingthe6thandfinalkick,emptynetcontentsintothesamplejarasdescribedabove,leavingthenetturned“insideout”withremainingnetcontentsexposed/facingout.

Fillthe4Lutilitypailhalffullwithcleanstreamwaterandimmersethenetintothewater,attemptingtorinseoffallsmallerremainingnetcontentsfromthelast“kicks”.

Brieflyinspecttherinsednetforanybugspecimens,placinganythatyoufind

intothesamplejar,thenhandtoasecondpersonforafinalinspection. Pourtheremainingwaterintheutilitypailthroughthesieveuntilyouare

confidentthepailisfreeofallbugspecimens. Next,gentlydipandswipethesievethroughanareaofslackwaterinthestream

togetallremainingstone/sediment/bugspecimensintooneendofthesieve. Gentlytapallcontentsfromthesieveintothesamplejaruntilyouareconfident

thesieveisfreeofanybugspecimens.


55

Thesieveemptyingproceduresdescribedabovemayneedtoberepeatedseveraltimesuntilallstreamdebrisiscollectedintothesamplejar.Whiledoingso,takespecialcarenottoloseanybugspecimensfromthesample!

Whilekickingbesuretonoteanyobservationsinthefieldnotebookthatyoufeelareimportant(e.g.fishsightingsespeciallyyoungoftheyear,PAFBCfishstructuresinreach,“NoBugsobservedinnet”,etc.)

Whendoingmultiplesitesinadaybesurethatthenet,sieve,andutilitypailarethoroughlyrinsedinbetweensamplesitestoavoidcrosscontamination!

In-stream Habitat Assessment Aftermacroinvertebratesarecollected,thecollector(s)willperformanIn‐

streamHabitatAssessmentusingtheWaterQualityNetworkHabitatAssessmentDatasheet.

Fillouttheheaderinformationwithwhatinformationyouknowaboutthesite.

Recallingwhatyousawduringthereconnaissanceandthesamplingprocedure,fillouttherubriccarefully,consideringallvariablesdescribedintherubric.Thiscanbedonealoneorwiththeentiresamplegroup.

Sample Preservation and Labeling Compositedsamplesarepreservedwithnolessthan70%denaturedethanol;upto100%isalsoacceptable.Thesampledoesnotneedtobepreservedimmediatelyaftercollection,butcanbetakentothevehiclewheretheethanolcanbekept.

Uponreturningtothevehicle,drytheoutsideofthesamplejar(s)withapapertowel

Usingapermanentmarkerorpen,fillouta“Thermo”orotherstickylabeltoincludethedate(yyyymmdd),time(localmilitarytimetomatchkickingtime)andtheCommonwealthidentifierofthecollector(e.g.,20141126‐1300‐roryder).

Thelabelshouldalsoincludethestreamnameandthenumbersofsamplebottles,ifmultiple(e.g.,LowerPineBottomRun1of2).

Attachthelabeltothejarandcoverwithpackingtapeonthesamplejartoavoiditslossordegradationbyethanol.

Unscrewthelidandcarefullyfillthesamplejar(s)withalcoholuntilcontentsofthejararecompletelycovered,replaceandsecurecap


56

Gentlyinvertandflipthesamplejar(s)tothoroughlymixanddistributethe

alcoholthroughoutthecontentsofthejarandremovepocketsofair

Unscrewcapandchecktoensurecontentsofthejararecompletelycoveredwithalcohol.Topoffifnecessary.

Putsamplejar(s)onthegroundandgiveaheavytwisttothecap,securingthecapastightlyaspossible.Checktoensurethereisnoleakingaroundthecapofthejar(s).Ifsamplejarisleakyorotherwisefaulty,replacewithanewerone.

Sample Storage and Handover for Processing Properlycollectedmacroinvertebratesamplescanbestoredascollectedforseveralyearsbeforedegradationmayoccur.However,thesamplesshouldbeprocessedbymonitoringfieldstafforhandedovertotheMineralsDivisionEcologicalProgramSpecialistforWaterforID/processingassoonaspossible.

Priortohandover/processing,theyshouldbestoredinatemperaturecontrolledenvironmentawayfromsunlight

Besuretohandleprocessing/packagingforallgrabsamplesasusualandasoutlinedintheprocedureforPreparingGrabSamplesforCourierPickup

Quality Control TomeetEPArequirementsforcertainFederalgrants,thePADEPmustadheretoaninternalqualitycontrolprocessthatincludesafieldcollectionaudit.Thisauditissimplytheobservationofdiscretefieldchemistrydatacalibrationandcollection,watergrabsampling,macroinvertebratecollection,andhabitatassessmentandverificationmemostatingthecollectorisproficientintheseactivities.TheDivisionofWaterQualityStandardsoverseasthisauditprogram,andmayauthorizeaDCNR“trustedagent”toperformtheauditsontheirbehalf.Onceayear,theEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwatermonitoringwillorganizeafielddaywhereheorshewillreviewandauditcollectionprocedureswithfieldstaff.Atthattime,thestaffwillchoosetwotothreestreamhabitatstoevaluateand“calibrate”theirhabitatscoringasagroup,discussingwhyscoresweregiventothevarioushabitatcriteria.

Data Management Attheconclusionofeachsamplingdayformacroinvertebrates,completethefollowingprocedures,orasspecifiedbytheEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwatermonitoring

Scanallfieldnotesinthefieldnotebook,saveasaPDF,andnameaccordingtothedateYYYY.MM.DD(e.g.2014.11.26)andplaceacopyhere:


57

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Water\WaterSampleFieldNotebook.Placeanothercopyintheappropriatestreamtargetfolderhere:\\nrforbofs06\RPI\Monitoring\MonitoringProtocols\Water\StreamTargetFolders

ScantheWaterQualityNetworkHabitatAssessmentDatasheetasaPDFand

placeintheappropriateplaceinthestreamtargetfolder.Namefollowingtheformat“StreamName_WRDSStreamCode_FieldSheet_YYYYMMDD”(e.g.AbesFork_23492_FieldSheet_20141126)

Downloadreachpicturesfromthedigitalcameraandplaceinappropriateplace

inthestreamtargetfolder FORDEP’SREFERENCE:Placeacopyofthescannedfieldnotesaswellasa

copyoftheHabitatAssessmentDatasheetatthefollowinglocation:\\Epenegfs01\Standards\DCNR_Monitoring.Placethecopiesintotheappropriatestreamfolder.Ifthefolderdoesnotexistcreateone,namingitwiththestreamnameand5‐digitWRDSstreamcode(e.g.AbesFork_23492).

Water Quality Monitoring‐Benthic Macroinvertebrate Processing

58

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Processing

Purpose Samplingforbenthicmacroinvertebratestoassesswaterqualityhasbeenstandardpracticeintheglobalwaterqualitymonitoringindustryfordecades.BiometricslikethePADEPIndexofBioticIntegrity(IBI),ShannonDiversity,HilsenhoffBioticIndex(HBI),theIndexofBioticAcidification(IBA),theFunctionalFeedingReferenceCondition,andmanyothers,arepowerfulstatisticaltoolsusedtoassessmultiplecomponentsofastream’slong‐termwaterqualityasexpressedinitsbiologicalcommunity.BecauseaquaticinvertebratesareexcellentindicatorsofwaterqualityandareroutinelysampledaspartofPennsylvania’svariousongoingwaterqualityassessmentprograms,theDCNRwillcollectbenthicmacroinvertebratesregularlyaspartofourmonitoringprogramstoassesstheattainmentofaquaticlifeusesinareaswheremonitoringisdeemednecessary,suchasinshalegasareasortotrackAMDremediationefforts,forexample.ThemethodtheDCNRusestocollecttheseorganismsisdescribedintheBenthicMacroinvertebrateCollectionprocedure.Thisproceduredescribeshowthesesamplesaresub‐sampledandprocessed.

Equipment Needs Anunprocessedmacroinvertebratesample,properlycollectedandstored 14”x8”x2”minimumsizelaboratorypangriddedinto282”x2”squares Asecondlargewhitepan;doesnotneedtobegriddednorbethesamesizeas

first WideMouthedFunnel StandardSieveNo.35(500micron) Randomizednumbergeneratingsystem1to28(e.g.numberedpaperslips) Forceps Turkeybaster Utilitytypeknife Nettedscoop Gridcutterswithinsideareaof4in2 (2‐3)125mlbottles Diluteddenaturedalcohol(Approx.125mLpersample,ifdoingapanscan) Handheldcounter Thermobottlelabels,orotherstickylabel Clearpackagingtape Paper/pencil Microscope


59

Procedures

Preparing Sample Thecompositedsampleisplacedina28‐squaregriddedpantoprepareforsub‐sampling.

Whentransferringbugsamplesandstreamcontentsfromsamplejar(s)tothegriddedpanforprocessingalwaystakespecialcarenottoloseanybugsintheprocess!

DrainSample

Gathersamplejar(s)fromagivenstreamreachandtaketoasinkwitha19Lcarboyforstoringusedalcohol,widemouthedfunnel,No.35sieve.Thesinkshouldhavesomesortofnozzletypesprayerequippedonit

Placethefunnelintotheusedalcoholcontainerandpositionsieve,centeredoverfunnel

Beginpouringthealcoholfromthesamplejarthroughthesieve(viathewidemouthedfunnel)intotheusedalcoholcontainer.Somestreammaterial(bugs,leaf/wooddebris,gravel,etc.)mayfallintothesieveaswell.ThisisOKbutthemaingoalofthisstepistoremovethealcoholfromthesamplejar

Whenmostofthealcoholhasbeencapturedfromthesamplejar,sittheusedalcoholcontainerandfunnelaside.Replacecaponcarboy

Emptymajorityofremainingstreamdebrisfromsamplejar(s)intothesieveasitsitsinthesink.Delicateuseoffingerscanbeusedtodislodgelargercontents

Rinsesampleandtransfertogriddedpan

Whensievebecomesfull,gentlyrinseallcontentsinthesieveusingthesinknozzle.Thegoalistoremovemuchofthefinesedimentfromthesample,toaidinlaterbugprocessing

Beverycarefulnottousetoomuchwaterpressurewhenrinsing,andpotentiallylosebugspecimens

Dumprinsedcontentsfromsieveintogriddedpan

Continueemptyingandrinsingcontentsfromthesamplejar(s)untilthejarsarecompletelyempty.Asmallamountofwatersprayedintothesamplejar(s)anddumpedquicklycanremovethelastbitofstreamcontents


60

Oncethelastofthecontentsfromthesamplejar(s)areintothesieve,gentlyrinseasbefore,workingthecontentstoonesideofthesieveforafinaldumpintothegriddedpan

Toremovelastbitofcontentsfromthesieve,flipoverandgentlyspraythroughscreentodislodgelastpiecesintothegriddedpan

Carefullylooksieveoverbeforesettingasideforanyremainingbugspecimens.

Placeanyfoundintogriddedpan.

Topoffgriddedpanwithenoughwatertojustcoverallsamplematerialinthepan

PlacingGridCutters

Gentlystirthegriddedpantodispersethecontentsevenlythroughoutasthoroughlyaspossible.

Thegoalhereistohaveallbugspecimensequallydistributedsothat,asnearlyaspossible,eachgridcontainsapproximatelythesamenumberofbugs.Ifyounoticeseveralofthesametypeofinsectclumpedtogether,itisOKtomanuallydispersethemthroughoutthepan

Onasheetofpaper,recordtoday’sdate,sub‐samplername,andallinformationfromthelabelonthesamplejar(s).Remember:thisshouldincludethedate(yyyymmdd),time(localmilitarytimetomatchkickingtime)andtheCommonwealthidentifierofthecollector(e.g.,20141126‐1300‐roryder)

Randomlypull(8)numbersfrom28numberrandomsetandrecordthesenumbersonthesheetofpaperaswell.

Itisimportanttorecordthesenumbersintheordertheywerepulled!Thiswillbetheorderyousamplethegridsuntilyoureachthetargetedsub‐sampleofatleast220bugspecimens.Somestreams(i.e.acidifiedstreams)mayrequiremorenumberstobepulledandgridstobeanalyzedwhichcanbedonelater,ifneeded.

Place8gridcuttersinthegriddedpan,centeredinthegridscorrespondingtothenumberspulled.Gridsshouldbenumberedonthepansidesstartingatthe#1gridinthetopleftcornerofthepan,proceedingacrosstotheright,thendownandacrossagainuntilthe#28gridinthelowerrightcornerofthepanisreached.Noneedtousecuttertopushdownthroughdebrisatthistime,simplyplaceinthepan(Figure2.9)


61

Figure2.9Panwithfourcuttersplaced

Sub-sampling Takeasecondwhitepan,neednotbegridded,andfillwithapproximately1\2”

ofcleantapwater

Filla125mLbottleapproximately1\2waywithdilutedalcoholandtightencap

Anyalcoholthatbugspecimensarestoredinaftersorting,toprepforlateridentification,shouldbelessthan100%cleanalcoholbutgreaterthan70%.Bugspecimenscanbecomedehyrdratedandimpossibletoidentifyifleftinpurealcohol.Used“dirty”alcoholorpurealcoholdilutedwithsomewatercanbeusedinthe125mLsamplebottlesaslongasthealcoholisatleast70%. Filloutthebugsampleinformationfromtheoriginalsamplejar(s)onanother

stickylabel.Placelabelonthe125mLbottlewithalcohol.

Backatthegriddedpan,beginningwiththefirstnumberpulled,usethegridcuttertocutdownthroughalldebrisinthegrid.Pushstraightdownonthetopofthegridcutteruntilcutteredgecontactsthebottomofthepanandtwistgridcutterinplace

Whileholdingdownonthegridcutter,usetheutilityknifetocutaroundtheinsideedgeofthegridcutter,severingallstreammaterialfromtheoutsideofthegrid

Useforcepstoremovemostofthestreammaterialfrominsidethegridcutter.

Placeremovedmaterialintotheun‐griddedcleanwhitepan Useanettedscoopandturkeybastertoremoveadditionalfinestreammaterial


62

Thoroughlyinspecttheinsideofthegridcuttertoensureallbugspecimenshavebeenremovedfromthegrid

Fromtheun‐griddedpan,pickallidentifiablebenthicmacroinvertebratesfrom

thecutgrid.Place“picked”bugsintothe125mLlabeledbottle,filledapproximately1\2waywithalcohol

Itisrecommendedtoplacethelabeledbottleinanunusedgridcutter.Thiswillhelptopreventspillagefromaccidentlybumpingthesamplebottlewhileworking.

Aftereachbugisdroppedintothe125mLbottle,besuretotallyitonahandcounter

Include‐ Allbenthicmacroinvertebrates(entirespecimenispreferredbutjustthe

headofaspeciesdoes“count”andshouldgointhejar)‐ Abdomensshouldbeincludedbutshouldnot“count”towardsthe220target‐ Crayfish‐ Beetles,unlessobviouslyterrestrial‐ Worms‐ SmallfishspeciesandsalamandersDONOT“count”,butshouldbeputinto

thePanScanbottle(seePanScansectionbelow)‐ Whenindoubt,includeinthesamplejarbutDONOTCOUNT.Only

legitimatebenthicaquaticorganismsshouldbe“counted”

Exclude‐ Terrestrials(e.g.ants,wasps,houseflies,caterpillars,spiders,etc)‐ Adultaquaticinsectsthatdonot“live”inthewaterduringtheiradultstage,

usuallywithwings(ifunsure,includebutdonot“count”)‐ Othernon‐benthictaxasuchaswaterstriders‐ Exuviaeoremptyshellsorcase

Whenindoubt,adissectingmicroscopecanbeusedtoconfirmwhethertoincludeaquestionableitemwiththesub‐sample

Ifpossible,haveanotherpersonlookthroughthepanforbugspecimensthat

mayhavebeenmissedbyinitialsampler.Eyefatiguecanbeanissue,andafreshsetofeyescanhelppickoutthelastremainingbugspecimensfromagridsample.MAKESUREALLGRIDSRECEIVEACONISITENTLEVELOFSCRUTINY.(i.e.eachgridshouldbecheckedbythesamepeopleifmultiplepeopleareworkingonasample)


63

Oncethecontentsfromonegridcutterhasbeenthoroughlyscannedforallbugspecimens,discardallcontents,rinsepan,andfillwithapproximately1\2”ofcleantapwatertoprepareforanothergridto“pick”

Gridswillcontinuetobe“picked”accordingtotheordernumberswerepulleduntil220bugspecimensarerealizedANDaminimumoffourgridsareanalyzed.Forlessfertileorpollutedstreams,additionalgridsmaybeneeded.Continuetosamplegridsuntiltargetedsub‐sampleisreached.Lessthan220isundesirableassomespecimens“picked”maybedeterminedunidentifiablelater.TheFINALtargetnumberofidentifiedbugsfromeachstreamis190‐210.

Attheconclusionofeachgrid,recordthenumberofspecimens“picked”nexttotheappropriatenumberforthegridonthesheetofpaper.Ifthesamplewasdistributedproperly,gridsshouldhavesimilaramountsofbugspecimensrealizedineach.

Whenfinishedsub‐samplingallnecessarygrids,addupthenumberofbugspickedfromeachgridandtotalatthebottom

Ifevertheamountofmaterialcompositedinthesamplejarsexceedsthefunctionalsortingcapacityofonepan,evenlydistributethematerialbetweenasmanypansasnecessary(Pan1,Pan2,etc.).Fromeachpan(Pan1,Pan2,etc.),removedebrisandorganismsfromthesamefourrandomgridsandplaceinthesecondun‐griddedpanasdescribedaboveandproceedasnormal.

If<400bugspecimensarerealizedafterpickingtheminimum4grids,placeclearpackagingtapeoverthelabelonthe125mLbottlecontainingthebugsandproceedtothePackagingforIdentificationsectionbelow.If≥400bugspecimens,proceedtoAdditionalSub‐samplingsectionbelow.

Additional Sub-sampling Shouldtheminimum4gridsanalyzedyield≥400bugspecimenspicked,additionalsub‐samplingwillberequiredforthefinalidentificationofthebugspecimenstobecompleted.Ifthisisthecaseforasample,followtheproceduresbelow.

Gatheranadditionalempty125mLbottlewithcap

Usingascreenedfunnelinsertedintotheempty125mLbottle,pourthecontentsofthe125mLbottlecontainingthepickedbugsthroughthescreenedfunnelsothatthebugsarecollectedinthefunnelandthedilutedalcoholisdepositedintotheemptybottle(ifwaterwasusedinorginalbottlesimplydumpcontentsintogriddedpanandfilladditionalemptybottle½waywithalcohol)


64

Rinsethebugsinthefunnelgentlywithwatertorinseoffalcohol.RINSEWELLASTHISWILLENSURELESS“BUGDRIFT”INADDITIONALSUB‐SAMPLE.

Emptycontentsofthescreenedfunnelintoanempty28griddedpanandevenlydistributebugs.

Thereshouldbeenoughwaterinthepansothatthebugscanbeeasilydistributed,butnotsomuchthattheyfreelymovebetweengrids.Watchyourbreathingandfordrafts.

Fromthethe28numberedset,randomlypullanumber,setaside,andbegin

pickingthebugsfromthatgrid,keepingatotaltallyofthebugsasyougoandplacingtheminthenewbottlecontainingthealcohol.

Abugonlycountsifitsheadisinsidethegridoristouchingthegridline.Workquicklytominimizebugdrift.Remembertowipetweezersafterdippinginthealcoholandbeforereturningtothepantominimizebug“scattering”.

Afteryoufinishpickingthefirstgrid,assumingyourtallyofbugsis<220,pullanothernumberfromthe28numberedsetandcontinuepickingfromthatnumbergridyoujustpulled.

Pickingwillcontinueinthismanneruntilthetargetisreached.AssoonasagridisfinishedbeingpickedANDthenumberofbugsyouhavepickedexceeds220youcanSTOP!

Next,labeltheNEW125mLbottle(containingthebugsyoujustpicked).WritethesampleID,streamname,numberofgridsinitiallyandthenthenumberofgridsfromthesecondsub‐sample(e.g.“GridsP1‐4:P2‐8”).Writethissamethingonthesheetofpapercontainingtheoriginalsub‐sampleinformation.

Whenyou’vepickedyourgrids,drainthewaterfromtheextrabugsinthegriddedpanusingthescreenedfunnel.EmptythebugsfromthescreenedfunnelintotheORIGINAL125mLbottlebyrinsingwithdilutedalcohol.Usetheturkeybasterinconjunctionwithalcoholifneeded

Onceallbugsarerinsedfromthefunnelusingthedilutedalcohol,addadditionaldilutedalcoholtothebottleifneeded(shouldbe~1/4to1/2wayfull).WriteonthatORIGINALbottle“Extrabugs”.Addthisinformationtotheexistinglabelifpossibleorapplyanewoneandcoverwithclearpackagingtape.


65

Numberofbugspickedpergridforsecondsub‐sampleneedNOTberecorded.Justtotalnumberofgridspulled

Placethelabelonthebottleandcoverwithclearpackagingtape

KeepthesetwobottlestogetherwhenyouprovidethemforIDalongwiththe

sheetofpaper

Packaging for Identification SampleswillbeidentifiedbyanexperiencedaquatictaxonomistfromthePADCNR,PADEP,oranindependentcontractedexperttotheappropriatetaxonomiclevel.

Takethesheetofpaperusedtorecordgridnumberspulled,numberofbugspecimensineachgrid,etcandfoldsothatitcanbewrappedaroundall125mLbottles

Tapethesheetofpaperaroundthesub‐samplebottlessothatallinformationcanbekepttogetherfortheentomologist

Keepstoredinatemperaturecontrolledenvironment,awayfromsunlight,until

thesamplecanbehandedovertoanentomologist

Quality Control Afterthepickingofagridhasbeencompleted,thepanresidueshouldbebriefly

scannedbyanotherpersonbeforediscardingtoassurethatthesampledgridshavebeensufficiently“picked.”MAKESUREALLGRIDSRECEIVEACONISITENTLEVELOFSCRUTINY.(i.e.eachgridshouldbecheckedbythesamepeopleifmultiplepeopleareworkingonasample)

Data Management SeePackagingforIdentificationabove.

Pad Monitoring

66

Chapter 3 Pad Monitoring

Pad Monitoring‐PCSM

67

Pad Infrastructure and Post Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM)

Purpose ThepadinfrastructureandPostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM)procedurewillbecarriedoutonallnon‐conventionalshalegasrelatedpadsafterthepadconstructioniscompleteandforthe5permanentsamplingwellpadstoassesspadconstructionandPostConstructionStormwaterManagment.Timingis2‐phaseandshouldbecoincidentwiththeoverlapofmostherpbreedingperiodsinordertocaptureherpimpacts.ThefirstrecordingshouldbeinmidtolateApril.Afollowupvisitshouldcheckandrecordthepresenceofpersistentwaterandthepresenceandcondition(desiccated,absence)ofeggsorlarvaeinlateJune–earlyJuly.

Equipment Needs PostConstructionStormwaterManagementDatasheet PCSMplanifavailable–checksharepointwebsite GPS,PencilorPen LaserRangefinder Compass Clinometer Camera SlopeSticks,ofequalheight

Procedures Filloutthedatasheetinthefollowingmanner;

1:District(#) E.g.FD09

2:Tract(#) Recordthenumberofthetractwhichcontainsthepadorfeaturebeing

assessed

3:Pad(ID) RecordthePadID

4:Surveyors Recordthelastnamesofthepeoplewhoareconductingthesurvey

5:Date Recordthedatewhenthesurveyiscompleted


68

6:PermitType(NPDES,ESCPG1or2) Leavethisblank

7:PadType Checktheboxthatrepresentsthetypeofpadthatisbeingassessed GasWell(s) Monitoring Compressor Impoundment Metering/TapSite StorageSite WasteWaterTreatment Other(writeadescriptionofthepadtype)

8:SiteStageinTime Checktheboxthatrepresentsthestageoftimeinthedevelopmentofthe

pad

Stage Description

1.DevelopedSite Thesiteisbeingusedforgasactivities.Constructionworkrequiredtopreparethesitefortheintendedpurposehasbeencompleted;ex:Landiscleared,graded,andthestonefortheworkingsurfaceisinplace

2.InterimRestoredSite Thepadisstillcarryingoutitsintendedfunction(ex:wellpadisstillproducing)

Notreceivingactiveconstruction

Topsoilaroundthepadispushedbacktotheoriginalgrade

Padsizemaybereducedtoasmallersize

3.PermanantlyRestoredSite

Broughttoauseotherthananaturalgaspad

4.Other Anystagethatdoesnotfitoneofthepreviouscategories–describethestage


69

9:GPSInformation

PadPerimeter Indicate“Yes”ifthecurrentperimeterGISlayerisnotaccurateandis

beingcorrectedinthefield Indicate“No”ifthecurrentperimeterlayerisnotbeingcorrectedinthe

field;whetheraccurateornot PadAcreage–Leavethisblank–itwillbecalculatedafterthesurvey

PadCenter*ForsloperelatedtoMonitoring,Staging/StorageorWellpadsonly

Usingthelongestcornertocornerdistanceonthepad,measureandfindthepadcentero Indicate“Yes”ifPadCenterisGPS’d–recordcoordinateso Indicate“No”ifPadCenterisnotGPS’d

10:PadSlope.*ForsloperelatedtoMonitoring,Staging/StorageorWellpadsonly

FromthePadCenter: Startingwiththedegreeclosestto“0”degreesnorth(PC1).Takea

compassreadingtothenearestdegreeandassociatedclinometerreading,tothenearestpercent,fromthePadCenter(PC)tothecenterofeachofthesidesatthePadEdge(PE).Usetwosticksofequalheighttoshootslope.o Photographthislineshowingthepadsurfacefromthepadcenter

ONLYifsignsofpoolingwaterarepresent. FollowingthesameazimuthfromthePadCenter,takeasecond

clinometerreadingfromthePadEdge(PE)totheedgeofthemodifiedcutorfillslope.o (1)PhotographthislinefromthePadEdge(PE)totheedgeofthe

modifiedcutorfillslope,orLOC.o (2)Photographthisedge(profile)fromthepadcornerinaclockwise

directionstartingfromthecornerleftofthestartingazimuthcapturingtheN,E,S,Wedgesrespectively.

11‐1:First(1st)AssessmentofPCSMBMPs(April‐May) ChecktheboxintherighthandsideofthepagewhenaspecificBest

ManagementPractice(BMP)ispresent.CheckanyofthecategoriesofBMPsthatarepresentonthesite.Inthe“Notes”sectionofthedatasheet,indicateifthereareanydifferencesfromthePCSMplanforthepadwithwhatisactuallyontheground.Planscanbelocatedintheprojecttrackingsharepointsitefornewerprojects.(http://nrsharepoint/parksandforestry/forestry/pads/SitePages/Home.aspx)


70

BMPType Description

Swale Vegetative Abroadchannelplantedwithvegetationdesignedtoslowdowntheflowofsurfacerunoffwaterandallowittoinfiltrate

Rock‐lined Sameasavegetativeswale,exceptitislinedwithrockinsteadofvegetation

Check‐dam Amoundofsoilorrocklocatedintheswaleperpendiculartothelengthoftheswalewhichservestoslowdowntheflowofwater

Other Anyothertypeofswaleorfeatureinaswale–writeadescription

SwaleUse Conveyance Featureisusedprimarilyto“convey”or“transport”watertoanotherinfiltrationstructure.

Infiltrationtrench

Featureisusedprimarilytocaptureandinfiltratewater.

InfiltrationBasin Aconstructedbasindesignedtotemporarilystoreandinfiltraterunoffwater.Thesemayormaynotcontainwater–indicatetheconditionbycircling“wet”or“dry”onthedatasheet.

RainGarden ARainGarden(alsocalledBioretention)isanexcavatedshallowsurfacedepressionplantedwithspeciallyselectednativevegetationtotreatandcapturerunoff

Channels DiversionChannel

Alongandnarrowdepression(ditch)whichcollectsandre‐directssurfacerunoffwaterandallowsittoflowinaconcentratedmannertowardsanotherrunoffwaterfeaturesuchasaninfiltrationbasinoravegetativefilterstrip.

Berm Anarrowandshortmoundofsoilwhichfunctionsthesameasadiversionchannel–itdiffersinthatitisraisedupratherthandugout

Sheetflow

*ONLYindicatesheetflowifitistheonlyPCSMdevice/strat‐egyforanentiresideofthepad.

Sheetflow

Sheetflowisthedown‐slopemovementofrunoffwaterinanevennon‐concentratedmanner

RockDissipater

Aslopedarealinedwithstonewhichservestoslowdowntheflowofwaterasitpassesovertherockdissipater.

VegetativefilterStrip

Aslopedareaplantedwithvegetation–theplantsactasafiltertoremoveanypollutantscontainedinthewater

Other Anyothersheetflowfeature–writeadescription


71

KeyedEdge CutorFillBankisbuiltuptothetopedgeofthepadgraduallyratherthanbeinganabruptdropoff.

Edge/bankerosion

Separationandtransportofmaterialinwaterfromthepadedgeorfrombank.

Other ThislistdoesnotincludeallpossibleBMPfeatures.IfthereissomeothertypeofBMP,checkthisboxandwriteashortdescriptionofwhatyouseeandtakeanynecessaryphotographs.

VegetativeCover Visuallyestimatehowmuchofthedisturbedarea(notincludingthecompactedstonecoveredarea)isvegetated.ChecktheboxifthevegetativecovermeetsDEP’s70%requirementandselecttheclosestpercentcover:0‐10%,10‐30%,30‐50%,50‐70%,70‐90%,90‐100%

PCSMFunction ChecktheperceivedfunctionoftheFeature(whetheritisbeingusedas

aconveyanceorforinfiltrationetc) CheckwhetheranyofthePCSMfeaturesareholdingwaterorhas

recentlyheldwaterandshowonsketch. CheckifthePCSMFeaturewasnotadequatetosequesterorinfiltrate

stormwater(overflow)

WildlifeUse Checkwildlifeuse;lookforsignsofherps,invertebrates,eggmasses,

spermataphores,tracksetc.andindicateonthedatasheet Photographanypresenceorsignandincludeinthephotolistandfiles.

11‐2:Second(2nd)AssessmentofPCSMBMPs(June‐July) ApplicableforFollow‐upassessments ANYPADSSURVEYEDDURINGTHE1STASSESSMENT(April‐May)THAT:

a) HavePCSMfeaturesthatareholdingwaterANDb) Containeggmasses/spermataphoresWILLREQUIREAFOLLOW‐UPVISIT(June‐July)

PadEdgeKeyed‐in

PadEdgeNOTKeyed‐in Edge Bank


72

Revisitthesepadsandre‐evaluatethePCSMBMPfeaturesthatappliedtotheaboveduringthefirstassessment.Usethesame(original)datasheettoindicatefindings.

12:Photos PhotographPCSMfeaturefromanyanglenecessarytoshowimportant

featuressuchas; Waterentrypointfrompad Currentorpastwaterheight Sedimentdeposits Overflowfeatures Wildlifeuse(presenceofHerps,eggs,spermataphores,tracks,etc)

Takephotographsofanyfeaturesthatareimportant,unusual,orunknown,

oroffeaturesthatcannotbeadequatelyexplainedusingwords.

Onthedatasheet,identifywhatfeaturethepictureisof.Besuretomarkonthesketchthelocationandorientationofthesephotos.

ChecklistforPhotos:

ThefollowingarephotosneededthatDONOTneedplacedonsketch:o Padslopeline*(onlyifsignsofpoolingwaterexist)o BankslopefromPadEdge

ThefollowingarephotosthatDOneedplacedonsketch:

o ProfileofPadEdgefromcornerso PCSMfeatures o Additionalphotosasneeded

13:Notes RecordanyPCSMfeatures“ontheground”thatarenotconsistentwiththe

PCSMplan. RecordknownrecentrainsthatmayaffectcurrentpooledwaterinPCSM

andestimateddayssincethatrainfall. Recordanyotherrelevantinformationaboutthepadthathasnotbeen

previouslydocumented.

14:SketchofSite DrawasketchmapofthewellpadintheprovidedspaceontheDataSheet. Themapshouldbeorientedsothatnorthisatthetopofthepage. IncludetheFollowingfeatures:

o Anoutlineofthepad


73

o Asketchoftheaccessroadandanyotherroadsrightaroundthewellpad

o Sketchofgasinfrastructureonandaroundthepado Locationofanygasrelatedsignso LabeledrepresentationsofallBMPsyouhaveindicatedinItem11ofthe

DataSheeto Arrowsindicatingthedirectionofwaterflowfromthepadcenterand

throughthedifferentPCSMfeatureso Locationofthecameraforphotosandthedirectionitwasfacing.*Note:

PCandPEphotosdonotneedtobedepictedonthesketchastheseareknownlocations.Examplebelowisforreferenceonly.

Example:Photo1wouldberepresentedwith“P1”drawnonthemapinthespotwherethephotographerwasstandingandanarrowwouldbedrawnfromthatspotouttowardsthelocationofthefeaturebeingphotographed.

o Linesdepictingazimuthandslopefromthepadcenterpointtotheedgeofthepad.(shoulddepictdirectionofwaterflowasoutlinedabove)

o ExtendedLinesdepictingazimuthandsideslopefromtheedgeofthepadtothebottomofthefillbankortopofthecutbank.(shoulddepictdirectionofwaterflowasoutlinedabove)

o Anyotherfeaturesornotesimportantfortheunderstandingofthepad

Access Rd

Well HeadsDe-Hy

Vegetated Swale – “infiltration”

LOC

PC

Tanks

Rock Lined Ditch

Check Dams

Woodfrog Egg Mat

0o ‐2%

90o ‐1%

180o +3%

270o ‐1%

0o ‐10%

90o ‐9%

180o +15%

Sheetflow

270o ‐2%

Rock Lined swale - conveyance

Infiltration Basin

Cross Pipe

overflow

Bank Erosion

Edge Erosion

PE0‐cnr PE90‐cnr

P2

P1

Access Road

PE180‐cnr

PE270‐cnr

P3

P4

P5

N


74

Data Management Scanthefrontandbackofsheet.

Namethefile:

o Tract_PadID_YearofAssessment.pdf Ex:285_C_2013.pdf

Namethephotos:

o Tract_PadID_PhotoName_YearofAssessment.JPG Ex:285_C_P1_2013.JPG

o Forslopephotos(PadCenterorPadEdge)namethephotousingthetract

ID,padID,andlocationabbreviationandazimuth.PadEdgewillhave2photos,onefromtheedgedownthebankandonefromthepadcorner.NamethephotofromthecornerusingthesameprocessabovewithHyphen‐cnr. Ex:PadCenter

285_C_PC90or285_C_PC180etc.

Ex:PadEdge285_C_PE90or285_C_PE180etc.

Ex:PadEdge(fromthepadcorner)285_C_PE90‐cnror285_C_PE180‐cnretc.

Photosgointhefolder\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Well_Pad_SamplingwiththescannedcopyofthedatasheetandacopyofthePCSMplanforthepadifavailable.Besuretoplacedatainthefolderfortherelevantyear.

GiveanyGPSeditsofexistinglayerstoGISspecialist

Pad Monitoring‐Well Pad Vegetation Assessment

75

Well Pad Vegetation Assessment

Purpose Thepurposeofthisprotocolistoprovideameanstocollectbasic,observationaldataoncompletedwellpadswithinthestateforest.Datawillbecollectedregardingpresenceofinvasiveplantspeciesandplantcommunitycomposition.Therearetwotypesofwellpadvegetationassessments:

1)WellPadWalkaboutInvasivePlantSurveys–thesesurveysinvolvecanvas‐stylesurveysonlyforpopulationsofinvasivespeciesalongwellpadedgesandwellpadaccessroads.Thesesurveysaredesignedsothateverywellpadonstateforestlandisvisitedona3yearrotation.Noadditionaldatacollectionbesidesthewalkaboutsurveysareconducted.

2)PermanentWellPadVegetationCommunityAssessments–At15wellpadlocations,additionalsamplingofthevegetationcommunitiesatthewellpadedgeandintheadjacentforestwilltakeplace.Permanentmilacreplotswillbeconstructedandre‐visitedovertimeonathreeyearrotation.Inaddition,walkabout‐stylesurveyswilltakeplacealongthreesidesofthewellpadtodocumentanynativespeciescolonizingthedisturbed/reclaimededge.

Equipment Needs TabletComputer GPS Dataforms FieldGuides,IDmaterials,andhandlens Compass 100ftdiametertape Plasticbagsforplantspecimens Oakstakes,formarkingplotcenterofpermanentplots Mallet,forplantingstakes Barkscribe,formarkingreferencetrees Camera,forphotodocumentationpurposes

Procedures Recordthefollowinginformationateachwellpadsurveyedforbothwalkaboutsandpermanentplotassessmentstudies.

o District

RecordthenumberoftheStateForestDistrictinwhichthepadislocatedo Tract

Recordtheleasetractnumberinwhichthepadislocated


76

*Thisnumbercanbefoundintheattributestableofthewellpadshapefileunder“Tract_ID.”

o PadNumberRecordtheidentifyingpadnumberforthepad*Thisnumbercanbefoundintheattributestableofthewellpadshapefileusuallyunder“Pad_Label.”Thisisusuallyaletteroranumber.

o SurveyorsRecordthelastnamesoftheindividualsperformingthevegetationsurvey

o DateRecordthedatewhenthesurveyiscompleted

o PadtypeIndicatewhattypeofpadisbeingsurveyedofthefollowingcategories: Well Compressor Other

o OperatorRecordthenameofthecompanyoperatingthewellpad*Thiscanbefoundinthewellpadshapefileunder“Ownership”oronthesignatthewellpad

o NumberofWellsperPadRecordthenumberofwellsorwellheadsdrilledonthepad.

Well Pad Invasive Walkabout Beginningattheentrancetothewellpad,theentireedgeofthewellpadandanyadditionalareaofdisturbancearoundthepadwillbewalkedandexaminedforpresenceofinvasiveplantspecies.Ifthepadisbeingvisitedonlyforaninvasivesurvey,besuretousethePadInvasivesWalkaboutDatasheet.

CollectandrecordthefollowingitemsonthedatasheetortabletcomputerforeachspeciespresentintheWellPadWalkaboutsection;

InvasiveSpeciesFound

RecordthespeciescodeofthespeciespresentRecord“NoInvasives”ifnoinvasivespeciesarepresent

CertainID?Indicate“Yes”ifthespecieshasbeenconfidentlyidentifiedIndicate“No”iftheidentityoftheplanthasnotbeenpositivelyidentified

PopulationSizeEstimatethenumberofindividualplantspresentatthewellpadsiteusingthefollowingcategories;o 1‐5(Trace)o 6‐25


77

o 26‐50o 51‐100o 101‐500o 501‐1000o 1000+

AnyinvasiveplantspeciesfoundthatisontheEDRRlistmustbedocumentedandtreatedornotedfortreatmentbasedonEDRRprotocolsfoundinthismanual.Ifanyunknownspeciesappearstobeactingaggressivelyoriswidespreadatthesite,asampleshouldbecollectedandpressedforfurtheridentification.Allotherunknownspeciesshouldbecollectedforfurtheridentificationbythefieldstafforspecialists.

Access Road Invasive Walkabout Survey Theconstructionofaccessroadspresentsavectorfortheintroductionofinvasiveplantspeciesfromexistingroadwaysontothewellpadlocatedwithininteriorforesttracts.Toaddressthispotentialproblem,theaccessroadwillbesurveyedforthepresenceofnewlyestablishedinvasiveplantspecies.Thisshouldbeconductedduringthecourseofeverypadvisit.TheentireaccessroadshouldbesurveyedfromthewellpadedgebacktothefirstintersectionwithastateforestZ1,Z2orZ3road.

CollectandrecordtheinvasivespeciesinformationfortheaccessroadintheAccess

RoadWalkaboutsectionusingthesamemethodsastheWellPadWalkaboutsection.Besuretoclearlydifferentiateontheformeachinfestationthatislocatedonanaccessroadratherthanawellpadedge.

Permanent Plot Vegetation Sampling Milacre(1/1000acre)plotswitha3.72footradiuswillbeusedtocollectgroundfloradataaroundthewellpads.Threesidesofthewellpadwillbesampled,leavingoutthesideofthepadwheretheaccessroadentersthepad

Startingattheaccessroadentrance,facingintothewellpad,proceed

clockwisearoundthewellpadtothefirstpadside.Thiswillbe“WellPadSideA”

Visuallylocatethemidpointofthesidestobesampled.Thispointwillserveasthelocationforwalkingoffthepadtothevegetationplots.

Fromthemidpoint,measureandwalkperpendicularlyawayfromtheedgeof

thepadworksurface25feet.Thisbecomestheplotcenterforthefirstmilacreplot(sideA,plot1).

Takecarenottodisturbthevegetationonandaroundthisspot.


78

Ifvisitingtheplotforthefirsttime,recordtheGPScoordinatesofplotcenter,

putinastakeattheplotcenter,thenflagthestake.Thedistance,azimuth,DBHandspeciesoftheclosestoverstorytreetotheplotcentershouldalsoberecorded.

Oncetheplotcenterhasbeendetermined,collectandrecordthefollowingvegetationdataaccordingtotheMilacreVegetationPlotProceduredescribedinthismanual.

Habitat/VegetationType VegetationData

HeightStrata Species CoverClass/StemCount

Oncethemilacreplotiscompleted,continuewiththefollowingsteps;

Ifplot1fallswithinHabitat/VegetationType1(UndisturbedForest),onlyonemilacreplotwillbesampledonthatsideofthewellpad.Ifplot1fallswithinadisturbedarea(Habitat/VegetationType2or3–NativeDisturbedorE&Svegetation)asecondmilacreplotwillbeestablished(sideA,plot2).

Toestablishtheplotcenterforplot2,continuewalkingthesametransectasforplot1untilreachingthelimitofclearanceforthepad.Fromthispoint,measure25feet(continuingonthesametransectintotheun‐disturbedforest)andestablishtheplotcenterforplot2.

Ifvisitingtheplotforthefirsttime,recordtheGPScoordinatesofplotcenter,putinastakeatplotcenter,thenflagthestake.Thedistance,azimuth,DBHandspeciesoftheclosestoverstorytreetotheplotcentershouldalsoberecorded.

Completetheplotusingthesameprocedureasplot1

Continuethisprocessontheothertwosidesofthepadtobesampled.ThesesideswillbeknownasSideBandSideC,respectively,clockwisefromSideA.

Generalcomments:RecordcommentsonanyunusualobservationsmadeatthewellpadintheGeneralCommentssectionsonthedatasheet.


79

Native Species Colonization Walkabout Sampling (Disturbed edge) Ateachofthethreesidessampledusingmilacreplots,awalkabout‐stylesurveyshouldbeconductedtolocateanyPennsylvanianativeplantspeciesthatarecolonizingthedisturbedhabitatattheedgeofthepad.

Uponcompletionofthemilacreplotsoneachside,awalkaboutoftheentire

wellpadsideshouldbeconducted.Anynativeplantspeciesfoundonthedisturbedportionsofthewellpadsideduringthewalkaboutshouldberecorded,alongwiththeabundanceofthatspeciesontheside(1‐5(trace),6‐25,26‐50,51‐100,101‐500,501‐1000,1000+).

Non-Native Species Colonization Walkabout Sampling (Forest edge) Ateachofthethreesidessampledusingmilacreplots,awalkabout‐stylesurveyshouldbeconductedtolocateanyPennsylvanianon‐nativeplantspeciesthatarecolonizingtheundisturbedforestedgeandimmediateforestmarginattheedgeofthepad.

Uponcompletionofthemilacreplotsoneachside,awalkaboutoftheentire

wellpadsideshouldbeconducted.Anynon‐nativeplantspeciesfoundwithintheimmediateundisturbedforestedgeduringthewalkaboutshouldberecorded,alongwiththeabundanceofthatspeciesontheside(1‐5(trace),6‐25,26‐50,51‐100,101‐500,501‐1000,1000+).

Special Circumstances Padtoeslopes:

o Somewellpadsmayhavewidetoeslopesthatbeginimmediatelyattheedgeofthepadworksurface.Inthiscase,beginthe25‐footmeasurementtothefirstmilacreplotatthebaseofthetoeslope.

Milacreplotsplacedontheedgeofforesthabitat:

o Aftermeasuring25feetfromtheedgeofthepadworksurfaceortheedgeofatoeslope,itispossiblethatthemilacreplotcouldconsistofbothundisturbedforesthabitatanddisturbedvegetation(eitherE&Splantingordisturbednativevegetation).Ifthisoccurs,movethemilacreplotbackalongthetransectlinetowardstheedgeofthepadortoeslopeuntiltheentireplotisoutsidetheundisturbedforestedhabitat.Recordtheactualdistanceintheappropriatecommentssectiononthedatasheet.

Stumporrockpiles:o Itispossiblethatamilacreplotmayfallwithinormostlywithinarockor

stumppileontheouteredgeofawellpad.Ifthisoccurs,simplyrecordthepercentageoftheplotthatisintheappropriatemicrohabitatclass.


80

o Onplot2;donotcompletetheplotifitfallsinastumppile.Moveitoutintoundisturbedforest.Recordthenewdistanceinthecommentssectionfortheappropriateside.

Data Management GPSpointswillbeputintheforester’sdatabackupfolderintheRPIRAIDand

theGISspecialistwillbenotifiedoftheirlocation.

Paperdataformswillbefileduntilrequestedbytheplantspecialists.

Pad Monitoring ‐ Well Pad Wildlife Habitat Assessment

81

Well Pad Wildlife Habitat Assessment

Purpose Thepurposeofthisprotocolistoprovideameanstocollectbasic,observationaldataoncompletedwellpadswithinthestateforest.Datawillbecollectedregardingwildlifehabitat.

Equipment Needs TabletComputer GPS WellPadVegetationAssessmentDatasheets Coverboarddatasheets,ifcollectingcoverboarddata FieldGuides,IDmaterials,andhandlens Compass 100ftTapeMeasure(intenthsoffeet) DiameterTape Camerawithfish‐eyelens(forcanopycoveranalysis) 10BAFPrism LaserRangefinder ReptileandAmphibianIDGuide 2”x10”x12”CoverBoards(4perpadside,12total) Oakstakes(12perpad–6forvegetationplots,6forwildlifehabitatplots)

Procedures Recordthefollowinginformationateachwellpadsurveyed;unlesscompleting

withaWellPadVegetationAssessmentandthisinformationisalreadycompletedo District

RecordthenumberoftheStateForestDistrictinwhichthepadislocatedo Tract

Recordtheleasetractnumberinwhichthepadislocated*Thisnumbercanbefoundintheattributestableofthewellpadshapefileunder“Tract_ID.”

o PadNumberRecordtheidentifyingpadnumberforthepad*Thisnumbercanbefoundintheattributestableofthewellpadshapefileusuallyunder“Pad_Label.”Thisisusuallyaletteroranumber.

o SurveyorsRecordthelastnamesoftheindividualsperformingthevegetationsurvey

o DateRecordthedatewhenthesurveyiscompleted

o OperatorRecordthenameofthecompanyoperatingthewellpad


82

*Thiscanbefoundinthewellpadshapefileunder“Ownership”oronthesignatthewellpad

o PadtypeIndicatewhattypeofpadisbeingsurveyedofthefollowingcategories: Well Compressor Other

Forest Habitat Monitoring TwopermanentwildlifehabitatpointswillbeestablishedoneachSideA,Side

BandSideCofthewellpad,ignoringthesidewiththeaccessroad.Onepoint100feetfromthedisturbededge,andonepoint300feetfromthedisturbededge.

Startingattheaccessroadentrance,facingintothewellpad,proceedclockwisearoundthewellpadtothefirstpadside.Thiswillbe“WellPadSideA”

Unlesspadedgemidpointisalreadyestablished,locatethemidpointofthesidestobesampledontheworkable/pavedwellpadsurfaceusingthelaserrangefinder.Thispointwillserveasthelocationforwalkingoffthepadtotheplots.


thepadworksurfacetotheundisturbededge.Fromthispoint,measure100feetintotheundisturbedforestalongthesametransect.Thisplotwillbelabeledas“Plot3”foreachside.

Oncetheplotcenterhasbeendetermined,astakemustbeputintothegroundatplotcenterandtheGPScoordinatesmustbecollected.

Attheseplots,thefollowinghabitatdatawillbecollected:species,DBH,height(ft),andhealthof“in”treesusingtheprism;forestcovertype;canopycover;mid‐canopycover;basalarea(oflivetrees).

Recordthefollowinginformationforeachplot:

o CovertypeRecordcoveraseithermapleoroak.

o CanopyCoverUsingadigitalcameraattheplotcenter,determinethecanopycoverpercentagetothenearestpercent(usingcamerasoftware).

Photoshouldbetakenofthecanopydirectlyabovetheplotcenter.


83

AttachtheFisheyelenstotheNikoncamera,makingsuretokeepalldirtanddustoutofthecameraandlens

Turnthecameraonandputittothe“NoFlash”modebyturningthedialonthetopofthecamera

Holdthecameraateyelevelsothatthelensispointingvertically

(holdcameraaslevelasyoucan,itisnotnecessarytousealevelortripod)andsothatthebottomofthecameraispointingduenorth.

Takeonephoto Lookatthephotoandmakesurethatitisacceptableandthatyour

headandyourco‐workersarenotvisibleinthephoto

Thebestphotos(mostusableones)aretakenoncloudydayswhenthereisalotofcontrastbetweentheskyandthecanopy.Dayswhentheskyisdarkblueandmiddaywhenthesunisbrightinthephotoarenotthebesttimestotakecanopyphotos.Thesoftwareneedscontrastbetweenskyandthecanopytogivethebestresults.Avoidtakingphotosattimesthatwillgivepoorcanopyphotos!

o Mid‐canopyCover

Usinganocularestimate,determinethemidcanopy(woodyvegetationunder15ftinheight)coverpercentage(0‐25%,25‐50%,50‐75%,75‐100%).

o Basalarea(BA)Countthenumberoflivetreesintheplot,multiplybyten,andrecordtheresultasthebasalareafortheplot.

Recordthefollowinginformationforeachtreedeterminedasatallytreebya

10factorprism.TheprismshouldbeheldatDBH(1.5mabovegroundlevel)ofthetreetodeterminetheactualdegreeofstemdisplacement:o Tree#

Numbereachtreesequentially,startingwiththefirst“in”treetotherightof0°North.ThiswillbeTree#1asitiscalledontheprismplot.

o SpeciesRecordthree‐digitcodeusingtheBOFInventoryspeciescodes.

o DBHMeasurealllivetrees1.5inchd.b.h.andlargerthatare“in”.Measurementofd.b.h.shouldalwaysbedonefromtheuphillsideofthetree.Measuretothenearestinch.

Incaseofirregularitiesatd.b.h.suchasswellings,bumps,depressions,branches,etc.,refertothe“SpecialDBHSituations”sectionoftheOverstoryPlotProcedure


84

o Height(ft)

UsetheCriterion400lasertomeasuretotaltreeheightincludingtheone‐footstump.Followthelaser’sinternalprogramfortreeheights.

o OverstoryIsthistreeacomponentoftheoverstoryofthestand(YorN)?

o DeadoraliveRecordwhetherthetreeisdeadoralive(DorA)?

Asecondplotshouldbeputin200feetfromPlot3(300’fromtheundisturbededge)alongthesameazimuth.Thisplotwillbelabeledas“Plot4”foreachside.

Noteanyadditionalgasrelateddisturbancesencounteredalongthetransectwhilemeasuringoutplots3and4.RecordthiswiththehabitatdataontheWellPadMonitoringDatasheetusingthe“Notes”field.

Followthestepstakenatplot3abovetocompletedatacollectionatplot4.

Cover Board Installation and Monitoring (At Prism Plots) Coverboardsshouldbeinstalledatall6wildlifehabitatpermanentplots.

Placetwocoverboardsateachpoint,oneoneachside,perpendicularto

transect.Fromthepointcenter,measure10feetperpendicularfromthetransectlineinbothdirections(paralleltothepadedge).Atthemeasureddistance,cleartheareaofanyleaflitterordebrisifpresent,andplacetheboard.

DataCollection:o LocatecoverboardandrecordtheappropriateID#.Coverboardswillbe

namedasfollows:WellPadSide_FootagefromPadEdge_LeftorRight(standingontransectwithbacktopad).e.g.A100L,B300R,etc.

Forfirstyear(2014)permanentpads,coverboardswerealsoplacednearvegetationmilacreplots25’fromthepadedge(ifapplicable)and25’insidetheundisturbedforest.Forthesecoverboards,usethesameIDrulesexceptusea“D”fordisturbedareasanda“U”forundisturbedareascoincidentwiththe25’footagetodistinguishthetwo.e.g.A25DR,A25DL,A25UR,A25UL,etc.

o Liftit,andrecordthecommonnameandabundanceofallvertebrate

speciespresentundertheboardonthedatasheet.o Oncethespecieshavebeenrecorded,placetheanimalsattheedgeofthe

board,andreplacetheboardtotheoriginallocation.


85

o Recordanyrelevant“Notes”forthecoverboard.o Repeatthisprocessforallcoverboardsatthepad.

Coverboardswillbecheckedonceperyear(startingoneyearafter

placement)

RECENTLYflippedordestroyedboards;replacecoverboard,noteitondatasheet,andcollectdatanextyear.

Cover Board Installation and Monitoring (At Stump/Brush Piles) Coverboardsshouldalsobeinstalledat1manmadehabitatfeature

(brush/stumppile)perpermanentpad.

Aminimumof3stumpsmustbepresentinapileinordertoevaluatethepile.Thestumppilesmustoriginatefromgasinfrastructure,andbepiledinadeliberatemanner.Ifsuchafeaturedoesnotexist,skipinstallationofthesecoverboards.

Standingwhereaccessroadentersthepad,findthenorthazimuthusinga

compass.Theman‐madehabitatfeature(brush/stumppile)thatisnearestthisazimuthshouldbeusedforthissurvey.

TakeaGPSpointofthisbrushpilenearestthecenteraspossible.

Place2coverboards1footfromtheedgeofthebrushpile,oneoneachsideof

thepile.Placeoneboardcenteredonthepilefacingthecenterofthewellpadandoneontheoppositesideofthepile(facingtheforestedge).

Collectdataonthesecoverboardsjustasyouwouldwiththeothercoverboards

attheprismplots.Usean“F”toindicatedatafromthecoverboardontheforestsideofthebrushpileanda“P”toindicatedatafromthecoverboardonthepadsideofthebrushpile.

Data Management GPSpointswillbeputintheforester’sdatabackupfolderintheRPI.RAIDand

theGISspecialistwillbenotifiedoftheirlocation.

Canopyphotosarefiledat\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Wildlife\PermanentPadCanopyCover\PermanantPadCanopyPhotosandarenamedasfollows;Tractnumber,PadId,Sideofpad,plot.(i.e.100MSideA100ft).RefertotheCanopyPhotoSoftwareProcedurefoundinthismanualforinstructionsonobtainingacanopycoveragefromthephotostaken.

Paperdataformswillbefileduntilrequestedbythewildlifespecialist.

Pad Monitoring – Soil Fertility Sampling

86

Soil Fertility Sampling

Purpose Thepurposeofthisprotocolistoprovideameanstocollectbasicsoilfertilitydataaroundwellpadsthathavebeenreturnedtothestateforest.

Equipment Needs TabletComputer GPS Dataforms Compass 100ftdiametertape Plasticbagsforsoilsamples Submissionforms Shovel/trowel Bucket

Procedures Recordthefollowinginformationonthesubmissionform(usepg.2yellow)ateachwellpadsurveyed.

o GrowernameAssistantProgramManagersName

o BusinessnamePADCNRBureauofForestry

o Address10LowerPineBottomRdWaterville,PA17776

o CountynameLycoming

o PhoneNumber570‐753‐5409ext124

o EmailUsetheAssistantProgramManagersemail.

o CheckboxforemailCheckthisbox

o Field/SampleIDIDforeachsampleplotisDistrict,Tract,Pad,side,plot#i.e.10344BA1or10344Bpadforplottakenonthepad

o SerialNo.Fromfrontofsamplebagkit

o Checknotillboxo Year1CropCode

1056


87

Soil Sampling Threesidesofthewellpadwillbesampled,leavingoutthesideofthepadwheretheaccessroadentersthepad.

Startingattheaccessroadentrance,facingintothewellpad,proceed

clockwisearoundthewellpadtothefirstpadside.Thiswillbe“WellPadSideA”

Visuallylocatethemidpointofthesidestobesampled.Thispointwillserveasthelocationforwalkingoffthepadtothesampleplots.


thepadworksurface50feet.Thisbecomesthecentralsamplinglocationforthefirstsampleplot(sideA,plot1).

Oncetheplotcenterhasbeendetermined,collectthesoilsampledata

followingthediagrambelowtoproperlylocatethesamples.

Usingashovel/trowelandacleanpail,obtainthinslicesofsoilfromatleast12placesevenlyspaced5‐10feetapartinagivenarea.

Sampletoadepthof6inches.

Mixthesoiltakenintoonecompositesampleandplaceintolabeledbag.

Toestablishtheplotcenterforplot2,continuewalkingthesametransectasforplot1anadditional50feetandestablishtheplotcenterforplot2.

Completetheplotusingthesameprocedureasplot1

SamplePlotCenter


88

Toestablishtheplotcenterforplot3,continuewalkingthesametransectasfor

plot1anadditional200feetandestablishtheplotcenterforplot3.

Continuethisprocessontheothertwosidesofthepadtobesampled.ThesesideswillbeknownasSideBandSideC,respectively,clockwisefromSideA.

Thelastsamplelocationwillbeonthepaditself.Findalocationthatisrepresentativetothepadandcompletetheplotusingthesameprocedureasplot1.

Sample Processing Spreadeachsoilsampleonnewspaperinawarmroomtoairdryovernight.Do

notheat.

Foreachsampletake1cupofrepresentativesampleandplaceinthesoilmailingkitbag.MailsoilsampleandsubmissionformtoThePennsylvaniaStateUniversity,111AgAnalyticalSrvcsLab,UniversityPark,PA16802‐1114.

Data Management SampleLabresultswillbeplacedatthefollowinglocation:

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\SoilSamples

RoadMonitoring

89

Chapter 4 Road Monitoring

Road Monitoring‐Roadside Vegetation Community Monitoring

90

Roadside Vegetation Community Monitoring

Purpose Thepurposeofthisprotocolistounderstandhowthecompositionofroadsideplantcommunitiesmaychangeovertimeasaresultofincreasedstateforestroaduse.Thiswillbecarriedoutonindividualroadsbyusing6milacre(1/1000acre)vegetationplotsandbyassessingareasaroundthreeculvertsforinvasiveplants.TwotypesofcategoryZ1(publicuse)roadswillbeidentified,thosewithhighgastraffic(HGroads)andthosewithnoregulargastraffic(NGroads).AtleasttworoadsofeachtypewillbeselectedineachcoregasdistrictbasedoninputfromtheforestdistrictandtheOperationssection.ThesewillbestateforestroadsthatarenotmaintainedbyPennDOTormunicipalities.ConsiderationshouldbemadetoinsurethattheNGroadsareunlikelytobeutilizedbynewgasdevelopmentinthefuture.Roadschosenforthestudywillhavethedesiredamountofgastraffic(hightrafficornoregulargastraffic)foratleast2.5miles.Anyintersectionswithinthese2.5mileswillbewithanotherroad(HGorNG)ofthesametypeonly.AttemptsshouldbemadetolocateanHGandNGroadpairwithincloseproximitytoeachother.

Equipment Needs TabletComputer GPS RoadsideVegetationCommunityMonitoringDatasheet FieldGuidesandIDmaterialsandhandlens Compass Diametertape BarkScribe Camera

Procedures

General Data Collection RecordthefollowinggeneralInformationonthedatasheet District

Recordthenumberoftheforestdistricttheroadbelongsto RoadName

Recordthenameoftheroad Surveyors Recordthelastnamesoftheindividualswhoareconductingthesurvey


91

HG/NG Indicatewhetherornottheroadisbeingusedforgasactivitiesbycirclingthe

appropriatedesignationo HG–Highgastraffico NG–Noregulargastraffic

Date Recordthedatewhenthesurveyiscompleted DirectionstoStartingPoint(mile0.0):

Writeashortsetofdirectionsforfindingthestartinglocationforthesurvey(thestartingpointreferstothebeginningofthe2.5milestretchofroad.Forexample:

“Startingpointis0.75mileseastfromtheintersectionwithDryRunRoad.” GeneralSiteObservations:

Recordanynotesthatthecrewdetermineswouldbehelpfulfortheunderstandingofthedata.

Establishing Vegetation Plot Locations Threesetsoftwovegetationplotswillbecompletedalongeachroad.Thefirstsetwillbelocated0.25milesfromthestartofthe2.5milesurveylength.(Thefirstandlastquartermilesegmentsofthe2.5milestudyareaserveasbufferstominimizeanyeffectsfromintersectionswithroadsofothertypes.)Thesecondsetwillbelocated1.25milesintothesurvey,andthethirdsetat2.25miles.Ifanyoftheselocationsfallonabridgeoratanyotherspotsuchasaculvert,turnout,roadintersectionwhichwouldcauseproblemswiththevegetationplots,movethesetofplotsdowntheroadtenfeetpasttheendoftheobstacleandmakeanotedescribingthesituationinthe“NotesonPlots#and#andClosestCulvert”sectionfortheappropriatesetofplotsonthedatasheet.

Point A (0.25 mile) Data Collection Navigatetothefirstsetofplotsatmile0.25

TakeaGPSpointinthecenteroftheroad.Thisiscalled“PointA”.

(Itishelpfultomarkthispointwithascufforarocksoitcanbere‐locatedlaterintheprocedure)

Walktotheedgeoftheroad,perpendicularfromthecenterpointthatisnearestaNorth/Eastazimuth.

Determinethepointwherethevegetationalongtheedgeoftheroadstarts.Lookupanddowntheroadtogetageneral(average)ideaofwherethevegetation


92

startstogrow.Thisgenerallineofvegetationwilldeterminetheplotlocations.Thevegetationstartsoveragradientonmanyroads,sothisisnotalwaysacleanline.Ignoreoutlyingclumpsofgrassorsmallindividualplantsiftheyaregrowingfartherintotheroadthanthegenerallineofestablishedvegetationobserved(Figure4.1).

Figure4.1

Measurefourfeetofftheroadfromthedeterminedstartofthevegetationto

locatethecenterofthemilacreplot.Marktheplotcenterinanon‐destructiveway.Thisis“Plot1”.

Takecarenottodisturbthevegetationaroundthispointthatfallsontheplot.

Measurefromthecenteroftheroadtotheplotcenterandrecorditonthedatasheet,tothenearesttenthfoot.

Marktheclosesttreeo Locateatreeclosetothemilacreplotcenter.

Thisshouldbealive,healthytreeofadecentsize(notasapling)whichislikelytobepresentinfutureyears.

o Recordthetreespecies,dbh,andthedistanceandazimuthfromtheplotcentertothetreeintheclosesttreesectionfortheappropriateplotonthedatasheet.

o Scribethetreewithonediagonalmarkatchestheightfacingthemilacreplotcenter.

Takecarenottoscribethroughthebarkintothecambiumlayer.

Repeatthestepsabovedirectlyacrosstheroadtoestablishasecondplot,“Plot2”.Remember:Theplotonthenorthoreastsideoftheroadshouldbethefirst


93

plotofftheroadcenteredGPSpoint,andthesouthorwestsideshouldbethesecondplot.

Vegetation Data Oncetheplotcentershavebeendetermined,collectandrecordthefollowingvegetationdataoneachmilacreplotaccordingtotheMilacreVegetationPlotProceduredescribedinthePlantSupportingSection. Habitat/VegetationType VegetationData

o HeightStratao Specieso CoverClass/StemCount

Evaluating Closest Road Culvert Aftercollectingdataatapairofmilacreplots,theclosestculverttothoseplotsshouldalsobeevaluated.Noclosestculvertdatawillbecollectedifaculvertisnotwithin300feetoftheplotineitherdirection.

InvasiveSpeciesFoundo Check“yes”ifinvasivespeciesarepresent

Recordthespeciescodeofallinvasivesfoundo Check“no”iftherearenoinvasivespeciespresent

CertainID?

o Indicate“Yes”ifthespecieshasbeenconfidentlyidentifiedo Indicate“No”iftheidentityoftheplanthasnotbeenpositivelyidentified

PopulationSize

o Estimatethenumberofindividualplantspresentatandrightaroundtheculvertoneithersideoftheroadusingthefollowingcategories;

o 1‐5(Trace)o 6‐25o 26‐50o 51‐100o 101‐500o 501‐1000o 1001+

FollowtheEDRRProcedureforanyEDRRtargetspeciesfoundtobepresent.

Point B (1.25 miles) and Point C (2.25 miles) data collection Navigatetothesecondsetofplotsat1.25milesafterallofthestepsare

completedat0.25miles.


94

Repeatallofthestepsdoneat0.25miles.ThemilacreplotsoffofPointBshallbecalled“Plot3”(totheNorth/East)and“Plot4”(totheSouth/West)respectively.

Navigatetothethirdsetofplotsat2.25milesandrepeatthestepsagain.The

milacreplotsoffofPointCshallbecalled“Plot5”(totheNorth/East)and“Plot6”(totheSouth/West)respectively.

Data Management GPSpointswillbeputintheforester’sdatabackupfolderintheRPIRAIDand

theGIScoordinatorwillbenotifiedoftheirlocation.

Paperdataformswillbefileduntilrequestedbytheplantspecialists.

Road Monitoring‐Roadside Invasive Plant Monitoring

95

Roadside Invasive Plant Monitoring

Purpose Stateforestroadsareoneoftheprimarycorridorsfortheintroductionofinvasiveplantsintotheforestedinteriorofourstateforestsystem.Therefore,anyattempttomanage/controlthespreadoftheseunwantedorganismsmustbeginwithaninventoryofinvasiveplantpopulationsestablishedalongtheseroads.

Equipment Needs GPSunit RoadsideInvasivePlantMonitoringDatasheets Clipboardandpencil Vehiclewithanodometerthatmeasurestenthsofmiles Measuringwheel(ifwalkingtheroad) Fieldguides/otherIDmaterialsandhandlens

Procedures

Road Selection Onceanareaoffocusisidentifiedbytheplantspecialist(s),allZ1roadslocatedwithinandadjacenttothetractwillbesurveyedforallinvasivespeciespresent.Inaddition,asmanyoftheZ2andZ3roadsshouldbesurveyedtoincreasetheaccuracyandscopeofthedata.Ifpossible,townshipandPennDOTmaintainedroadsshouldbesurveyediftheytransectthestateforesttractorrunadjacenttoastateforestboundary.

Data Collection Fromthestartingpoint,invasiveplantdatawillbecollectedinone‐tenthmileintervalsfortheentirelengthoftheroad.Specialattentionshouldbepaidtoculvertsandnewlydisturbedgroundalongtheroads.Datacollectioncanbecollectedfromaslowlymovingvehicleoronfoot(inthecasethattheroadisundevelopedandnotdrivable).Vehicledatacollectionismostefficientlycarriedoutbyateamofthreepeople;onetodriveandwatchtheodometerandonepersontowatchtheleftsideoftheroadandonetowatchtherightside.Twoorthreepeoplecanconductasurveyonfoot.

Datacollectionisconductedusingthefollowingprocedure:

1. Navigatetothepre‐determinedstartingpointoftheroadtobesurveyed.ThisisusuallyatanintersectionwithanotherroadorattheStateForestBoundaryonagivenroad.

2. Recordthefollowinginformationontwodatasheets(onefortheleftsideand

onefortherightside): District#

Recordthenumberoftheforestdistrict(s)wheretheroadislocated


96

RoadNameRecordthenameoftheroadthatisbeingsurveyed.

SurveyorsRecordthelastnamesoftheindividualsperformingtheinvasivesurvey

Date

Recordthedate(s)onwhichthesurveyisconducted

Sideofroad(LorR)Recordan“L”ifthedatasheetrepresentstheleftsideandan“R”ifitrepresentstherightside.Leftandrightaredeterminedlookingahead(downtheroad)asyoumovealong.

StartingPointGPSCoordinates

RecordtheGPScoordinatesofthelocationwherethesurveylengthbegins

3. Setthetripodometertozero

4. Startdrivingforwardslowly,lookingforallinvasiveplantspeciesgrowingaroundtheroad.Anyinvasiveplantsthatarevisiblefromtheroadcount.

5. Stopmovingoncetheodometerreads0.1

6. Recordthenameofanyinvasiveplantsthatwereobservedoneithersideoftheroadinthetenthmilesegmentinthe“InvasiveSpecies”columnoftheirrespectivesheet.

7. Recorda“0.0”inthe“10thmile”rowadjacenttothespeciesnameforeachspeciesobservedtorepresentapresenceoftheparticularspeciesinthefirstsegmentoftheroad

8. Estimatethepopulationofeachindividualspeciesinthe10thmilesegmentthatwasjustsurveyedandrecordthepopulationsizecodeinthe“Pop.”row,directlyunderthe“0.0”youjustrecorded

9. Continuedrivingandlookingforinvasiveplantspecies,makingsuretostopeach10thofamiletorecordtheinvasivesforeachgivenroadsegment.Recordinvasivepresenceinthesecondtenthmilesegmentas0.1,thethirdsegmentas


97

0.2andsoon.Thedatasheetshouldbefilledoutinthesamemannerasthefollowingexample;

PopulationSize/AbundanceCodes

1=1‐5(trace) 5=101‐500

2=6‐25 6=501‐1,000

3=26‐50 7=1,000+

4=51‐100

10. Oncetheendoftheroadisreached,record: EndingPointGPSCoordinates

RecordtheGPScoordinatesofthelocationwherethesurveylengthends(terminusofroadorintersectionwithotherroad)

TotalRoadSurveyLength

Recordthelengthoftheroadthatissurveyedbetweenthestartingandendingpointstothenearesttenthmile

Quality Control Plantspecialistswillvisitasubsetofroadssurveyedbythemonitoringfieldcrewstoconductchecksonvegetationdatacollected.ThespecialistswillrecollectthevegetationdatafromthesamelocationusingtheGIS/GPSdatacollectedattheinitialvisit.Acomparativeanalysiswillbeusedtodeterminethelevelofaccuracy,withafocusonspeciesidentificationsincethepercentcovercanbedifficulttoduplicateprecisely.

Data Management Paperdataformswillbefileduntilrequestedbytheplantspecialists.

Road Monitoring‐Road Condition Monitoring

98

Road Condition Monitoring

Purpose Thisprocedurewilldocumenthowstateforestroadschangeovertimeduetogasdevelopment.Itcanalsobeusedtocollectpre‐developmentroadconditiondata.Thisprocedurewillalsoservetocaptureroadandtrailintersectionsonstateforestlands,tobeusedasaqualitycontrolmeasurebyDCNRBureauofForestry’sGeospatialApplicationssection.

Equipment Needs Tabletcomputer GPSunit Camera 100ftmeasuringtapeintenthsoffeet Measuringwheel RoadConditionMonitoringDatasheets(paperorelectronic) RoadConditionMonitoring_PCSMDatasheets Clipboardandpencil Safetyvest

Whenenteringdataelectronically,oronroadsbeingre‐measured,besuretohavetheappropriateroadconditionmonitoringpointslayeronyourtabletcomputer.Thiswillallowyoutoaddnewsurveypointsonnewroadsbeingmeasuredandalsonavigatetosurveypointsandaddnewmeasurementsonpreviouslysurveyedroads.ThesecanbefoundusingthefollowingpathviaFIMS:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring\RoadConditionMonitoringPoint.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

Procedures Theportionoftheroadtobesurveyedthatisusedforgasactivitywillbedividedintoquarter‐milesections.Asurveyplotistobeestablishedatthepointwheregas‐usebegins(usuallythisisthebeginningoftheroad),ateachquarter‐milesection,atthepointintheroadwheregas‐useends,thenatapointaquarter‐milepastwheregas‐useends(orattheendoftheroadifthereisnotaquarter‐mileofroadbeyondgasuse).1. Navigatetotheroadtobesurveyed

2. Determinefromwhichendthegastraffic(ifroadiscurrentlygasuse)is

enteringtheroad


99

3. Gotothestartofgasuse(i.e.wheregastrafficenterstheroadfromtherestoftheworld)

4. Recordthefollowinginformationonthetabletcomputerordatasheet: District#

Recordthenumberoftheforestdistricttheroadbelongsto Tract#

Recordalloftheleasedtractnumberstheroadsurveywillencompass.Refertothe“TractID”fieldofthe“Draft_DCNR_OG_Ownership‐All”layerinArcPadtoviewleasedtractnumbers.Ifnoleasedtractsapply,recordas“N/A”.

RoadName

Recordthenameoftheroadthatisbeingsurveyed.Thisinformationcanbefoundinthe“Name”fieldoftheRoadsTrailslayer.

SurveyorsRecordthelastnamesoftheindividualsperformingtheroadsurvey

Date

Recordthedate(s)thesurveyiscompleted StartingPointofSurvey

Writeashortdescriptionthatdescribesthestartingpointfortheroadsurvey(e.g.“IntersectionofDryRunRdwithBensonRd”).

5. Whenthestartofgasusecoincideswiththebeginningofaroad,takeaGPS

pointattheintersectionoftheroadbeingsurveyedandtheotherroaditintersects.ThisGPSpointistakenwherethecenterlinesofeachroadintersect(Figure4.2).

AnyZ1,Z2,orZ3roadand“blazed”trailintersectionsencounteredalongthesurveylengthoftheroadshouldbeGPS’d,takingtheGPSpointwherethecenterlinesofeachfeatureintersect.Theseintersectionpointsshouldbeincludedinthesamelayerassurveypoints(RoadConditionMonitoringPoint).

6. Ifthestartofthesurveycoincideswiththebeginningofaroad,gotothepointwheretheroadnarrowsdowntoauniformwidthrepresentativeoftheroadahead(widthsareusuallyflaredoutattheintersectionandwedonotwanttocapturethisexaggeratedwidth).Thislocationbecomesthefirstsurveyplot(Figure4.2).


100

*Ifnot,thepointatwhichgas‐useusestartsONTHESTATEFORESTROADwillbethefirstsurveyplot.

7. GPSthecenteroftheroadattheplotlocation.Thispointisaddedtothe“RoadConditionMonitoringPoint”layer

Figure4.2

Surveyplotsarenamedinthefollowingfashion,formattedwiththenameoftheroadbeingsurveyedfollowedbyasequentialplotnumber.Besuretorecordthenameofthesurveyplotintheappropriateplaceonthetabletcomputer.

(SurveyRoad)001‐e.g.DryRunRd001 (SurveyRoad)002 (SurveyRoad)003 Continuethissequentialformatuptoandincludingthelastsurveyplot

8. PlotDataRecordthefollowingdataateachsurveyplot(every0.25miles)onthetabletcomputerordatasheet:

Allmeasurementsarerecordedtothenearestfoot


101

PlotNumberRecordthesequentialplotnumberpartofthesurveyplotname

PlotImprovedforOGMUse?Isthisplotimprovedforgas?YesorNo

Dustconditions Observeandrecordtheamountofdustintheairthathasbeenstirredupby

passingtraffic.Selectoneofthefollowingcategories;o NoDust Passingtrafficdoesnotproduceanydusto LightDust Aminoramountofdustisproducedo ModerateDust MorethanLight,lessthanHeavyo HeavyDust Trafficisproducingalargeamountofdust

Dustcontrol Indicateifthegascompaniesareapplyinganydustsuppressanttotheroad

surfaceORthereisevidenceofsuchuseinthepasto Noneo WaterSuppressanto ChemicalSuppressant

Roadsurfacecondition

Assesstheconditionoftheroadsurfacefortheareasurroundingthesurveyplotandthesectionofroadbetweenthecurrentandprevioussurveyplot.Lookforthingssuchaspotholes,ruts,andstandingwater.Selectthecategorythatbestrepresentstheroad.Apoorratingcanbethoughtofinrealworldterms‐ifyouhavetobrakeordrivearoundacondition(potholes,ruts,erosion)ontheroadorifaroadconditioncauseslossoftraction(rills,washboards)thenitis“poor”.

o Good‐Nomaintenanceneededo Good‐Recentlymaintained

o Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Potholeso Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Rillso Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Ruttedo Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Erosiono Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Bermso Adequate,FutureMaintenanceNeeded‐Other_________


102

o Poor,Needsgraded‐Potholingo Poor,Needsgraded‐Rillso Poor,Needsgraded‐Ruttedo Poor,Needsgraded‐Erosiono Poor,Needsgraded‐Bermso Poor,Needsgraded‐Other_________

Anyconditionnotcoveredbyacategory–recordadescriptioninthe“OtherNotes”sectionoftheplotdata.Alsonoteanythingyoufeeliswarrantedtobetterdescribeanyissueswiththeroadsurfacecondition.

RoadProfile

Selecttheprofilethatbestfitsthesurveyroad.Considerthecrosssectionoftheroadperpendicularlytothelengthoftheroad,payingattentiontothedirectionthatwaterwouldflowoffoftheroadsurface.The3primaryprofilesarecrowned,inslopedandoutslopedbutaroadcanalsohaveaflatorcuppedprofile.SeeFigure4.3foranillustrationofdifferentroadprofiles.o Insloped

Aroadbuiltonasidehillthatshedsthewatertotheuphillsideoftheroadintoaditch

o OutslopedAroadbuiltonasidehillthatshedsthewatertothedownhillsideoftheroad

o CrownedRoadsurfaceshedswatertobothsidesoftheroad

o FlatRoadsurfaceisflatandwaterdoesnothavegoodflowtoonesideortheother

o CuppedRoadsurfaceis“U”–shapedandwateristrappedontheroadsurfaceactinglikeaditch

o Other________Anyotherprofileencountered(describetheprofileinthenotessection)


103

Figure4.3PrimaryRoadProfiles

PCSM

ArePostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM)featurespresent?YesorNo,(*ifyescompletetheRoadPCSMForm)

Treadwaywidth(ft.)(Labeled“RunningSurface”pre‐2016)o TheTreadwayoftheroadisthepartoftheroadthatreceivesregular

trafficandshowstirewear.Theedgeoftheroad(usuallycoveredbylooserocksandgravel)doesnotreceiveregulartrafficandisnotconsideredpartoftheTreadway.Refertotheboundariesof“TreadwayWidth”in(Figure4.4).

o Determinewheretheboundarybetweenthetreadwayandtheroadedgefallsoneithersideoftheroadandmeasurethedistancebetweenthesetwoboundaries.

o Itisusuallyhelpfultolookupanddowntheroadtogetageneralideaofwherethetreadwayedgeislocated–trytogetanoverallaverageoftheareaaroundthesurveypoint.


104

RoadSurfaceWidth(ft)

o Theroadsurfacewidthisthewidestpointoftheroadsurfaceintendedforvehiculartravelbeforeitchangesslopetoformtheshoulderorditch.Thisareamayhaveloosegravelorevenencroachingvegetationifnotfrequentlytraveled.

o Determinetheboundaryoftheroadsurfacewidthbylocatingthepointwheretheroadsideslopechangesabruptlyfromthecrownslope(4‐6%)formingtheditch(6‐20%).

o LooseStoneandvegetationmaybepresentontheroadsurfaceparticularlyonwideroadswheretheentiresurfaceisnotdrivenon.

Cross‐sectionwidth(ft.)*(OnlyforfirstyearOGMMeasurementsandremeasuresforupgradedroadssincelastmeasure)o Thecross‐sectionwidthistheextentofthematerialthatwasremoved,

displaced,oraddedduringconstructionoftheroadandditches.Itismeasuredperpendiculartothelengthoftheroadfromonesidetotheother.Thecross‐sectionwidthisboundoneithersidebythetopofacutbankorthetoeofafillslope(Figure4.7).

Limitofclearance(ft.)*(OnlyforfirstyearOGMMeasurementsandremeasuresforupgradedroadssincelastmeasure)o Thelimitofclearancewidthisthewidthofthelandthatwasclearedfor

theconstructiontheroadandanyadjacentrights‐of‐way.Itismeasuredperpendiculartothelengthoftheroadandcannotbenarrowerthancross‐section‐width(Figure4.4&Figure4.7).


105

Figure4.4

PipelineAdjacent

Isapipelineadjacent(insightandparallel)YesorNo

PipelineLOCwithRoad(Figure4.5)IfYesforPipelineAdjacent,isthepipelineLOCmeasuredwiththeroadLOC(combined)?Yes,No,orNotapplicable

Road/PipelineBufferWidth(Figure4.6)IfYESto“PipelineAdjacent”andNOto“PipelineLOCwithRoad”thenmeasurethedistancebetweentheRoadLOCandthePipelineLOC(BufferWidth)

TreadwayWidth

RoadSurfaceWidth

LimitofClearance

DitchWidth

DitchWidth


106

Figure4.5PipelineAdjacent,LOCCombined

Figure4.6PipelineAdjacent,Buffer


107

Figure4.7Roadmeasurements

Leftditchwidth(ft.)

ThewidthofaditchisboundontheroadsidebytheRoadsurfaceedgeandontheoutersidebythepointwherea“leveled”measurementtapefromthesurfacewidthedgecontactsthecutbankcreatedduringtheconstructionoftheditch.Referto“DitchWidth”lineinFigure4.7.The“left”ditchisdeterminedasyoufacedowntheroadinthedirectionthesurveyisprogressing.Ifsheetflowispresentinsteadofaditchleavethisfieldblank.

LeftDitchMaterialVegetated,Rock,AggregateorSoil

Leftditchtype(ft.)Ditchesarecreatedfeaturesmeanttodirectwatertoaspecificlocationsuchasaculvertpipeortailditch.Forourpurposesditchesareclassifiedintotwotypes,“parabolic”and“triangular”(Figure4.8).Recordas“sheetflow”ifaditchisnotpresent.o Parabolic–Lesscommon.Thisditchhasacurvedcross‐sectionandis

usuallycreatedusingatypeof“scoop”fromapieceofequipment.Itisgenerallybroaderthanatriangularditch.


108

o Triangular–Common.Thisditchhasatriangularcross‐sectionandisusuallycreatedfromapasswithagraderblade.

o Sheetflow–Common.Presentwherethereisnoditch.Meanttoshedwaterofftheroadsurfacebutdoesnotdirectthewatertoaspecificlocation.

Figure4.8

LeftditchconditionTheditch(orsheetflow)shouldbeassessedanddeterminedifitisfunctioningproperlyandasintended.Onlyconsidertheimmediatesurveyplotarea.SelecttheconditionthatMOSTapplies.o Good–Isfunctioningproperlyandasintendedwithnoerosionissueso Fair–Thereareminorissueswithitsfunctionand/orminorerosion

issueso Poor–Therearemajorissueswithitsfunctionand/ormajorerosion

issues

Noteanyreasoningfora“Fair”or“Poor”ditchconditionthatyoufeelisappropriateinthe“Notes”sectionoftheplotdata.Ifwaterislayingintheditchand/ortheditchhasnodrainage,indicate“left/rightditchhasnodrainage”inthe“OtherNotes”sectionoftheplotdata.


109

Rightditchwidth(ft.)Seeleftditchwidthexplanationabove.The“right”ditchisdeterminedasyoufacedowntheroadinthedirectionthesurveyisprogressing.Ifsheetflowispresentinsteadofaditchleavethisfieldblank.

RightDitchMaterialVegetated,Rock,AggregateorSoil

Rightditchtype

Seeleftditchtypeexplanationabove Rightditchcondition

Seeleftditchconditionexplanationabove

NotesRecordanynotesaboutthesurveyplotdata

9. Resetthetripodometerinyourvehicleanddrive0.25milesfromtheplotyoujustcompleted

10. Repeatsteps7‐9(excludingtheresetofthetripodometer)untilyoureachtheendofgasuseontheroadortheendoftheroad.Includeasurveyplothereaswell.

Notes:

Whenapproachingtheendoftheroadortheendofgasuse,iftheendoftheroadortheendofgasuseiswithinonetenthofamileofthenextquartermilemark,theendoftheroadortheendofgasusebecomesthepointatwhichthesurveyplotistaken.Iftheendoftheroadortheendofgasuseisgreaterthanonetenthofamilefromasurveyplot,anothersurveyplotneedstobecompletedattheendoftheroadortheendofgasuse.

Thequartermilepointwillsometimesfallataspotthatdoesnotrepresentthe

roadasawhole(onabridge,nexttoaculvert,atawidespotlikeapull‐off,atanintersection).Movethesurveyplottothepointjustaftertheobstaclewheretheroadandditchesreturntoarepresentativewidthifthequartermilemarkfallsataspotlikeanyofthese.

11. Iftheroadcontinuespastgasuse;

Travel0.25milespasttheendofgasuseandconductonemoresurveyplot GPScenterofroad CollectPlotData


110

Iftheroadsegmentbeyondgasuseislessthan0.25miles,establishthelastsurveyplotattheendoftheroad.

12. Finishfillingoutthefollowinginformationonthetabletcomputerordatasheet: ApproximateRoadSurveyLength

Aftercompletingthesurvey,recordthelengthofroadthatwassurveyedtothenearestquartermile.

NotesRecordanythingabouttheentireroadsurveythatyoufeelisimportantand/orrelevanttounderstandingtheconditionsoftheroadanddatacollected.Includeanyofthefollowingconditionsaswellasanyothersthatcomeup:o Lengthandlocationofanyasphaltappliedtothesurveylengthofthe

roado Anyweatherconditionsthatwouldimpactdustconditionsatthetimeof

thesurveyo Amountoftrafficifitimpactsdustconditionsatthetimeofthesurveyo Whetherthesurveyispostorpredevelopment

Road Data Management Ifenteringdataelectronically,periodically“checkin”collectedroaddatabackto

theRoadConditionMonitoringPointfeatureclassviathepathFIMS:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring\RoadConditionMonitoringPoint.Thisshouldbedonefrequentlyenoughtoensurealotofeditedroaddataisnotleftonthetabletcomputerforanextendedlengthoftime.Ingeneral,offloaddataasyoufeelappropriate.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

Ifusingadatasheettocollectdata,first“checkin”newpointscollected(if

applicable)totheRoadConditionMonitoringPointfeatureclassviaFIMS:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring\RoadConditionMonitoringPoint.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.Next,navigatetothefeatureclassinFIMS,startaneditingsession,andadddatatoneworestablishedsurveyplotsasappropriate.

RefertotheInfrastructureorGISspecialistsforanyandallquestionsregarding

datamanagement.

Resamples Allroadsshouldberesampledatleastonceevery4‐yearstoshowchangeovertime.Forresamplingroadsonlyenterdataforsectionsthatarenotasterisked*.


111

Road Trigger Points Ifanyroadplotsurfaceconditioniscategorizedas“poor”anemailnotificationshallbesenttothedistrictwithinoneweekofroadplotcompletionforthatdistrict.Thiswouldjustbeanotificationofpotentialissuesandnotnecessarilyarequesttoact.Uponreturningtotheoffice,fieldcrewsshouldsendanemailnotificationtotheinfrastructureprogramspecialisttobeforwardedtothedistrict.

Theemailshouldinclude:

1. RoadName2. #ofpoorplotsversusotherplotsforthegivenroad(ie.6plotsgivenpoorratingout

of20)3. Reasonforpoorrating(s)4. Plot(s)/mileagefortheplotswithpoorratings(¼milefromRoadstartwithSome‐

nameRdto¾mile)

Post Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM) on Roads Ifaroadhas“Structural”stormwaterBMPs,aseparatedatasheetisused(“RoadConditionMonitoring_PCSM”).EachstructuralBMPshouldbeassessedforsizeandfunction.

PCSM Procedures MovinginthesamedirectionandutilizingthesamestartpointfortheformalroadsurveystopateachStructuralStormwaterFeaturedesignedtocaptureandinfiltratewater.

Recordthefollowing: District# Tract# RoadName RoadClass(Z1,Z2,Z3) Date DateofLastRainEvent Surveyors Notes(includeanyinformationdeemedimportanttodescribe)

RoadPCSMPlotData:

PlotNumber(roadmile#,GPSpoint) RoadProfile(in‐sloped,out‐sloped,Crowned,Other) PCSMFeatureType(RainGarden,InfiltrationBasin,InfiltrationTrench,Infiltration

Berm,Sump,Other) FeatureLimitofClearance(LengthandWidthofthePCSMfeaturesLOConly)

*additionalamountofclearingovertheroadsLOC,donotincluderoadLOC(Figure4.9)


112

Figure4.9PCSMMeasurements

ChannelLength(pointfromlastoutletorinfiltrationpoint). ChannelArmor(Rock,vegetation,aggregateetc). Holdingwater(yesorno) WaterOvertopped(hasthefeatureexceededitscapacityandwateroverflowedor

bypassedthefeature) Recentlyheldwater(signsofwaterbeingheldthoughnowdry) SedimentationPresent(Sedimentdepositinfeature)‐noteifneedscleaned WildlifeUse(noteanyandallwildlifeuseandsign) OtherNotes(noteanyimportantinformation/descriptionrelatedtocollecteddata

oranyadditionalinformationsuchasnearbywetlandsorstreamsthatmaybeorareimpactedbythedesign)

Sketchofsite(sketchallsitefeaturesandimportantfactssuchassedimentdepositsorwildlifesign/use)Figure4.10

Besuretotakeatleastonephoto(P.1)thatcapturestheextentofthePCSMfeatureinrelationtotheroad.Takeadditionalphotographs(P.2,P.3,etc.)ofinterestingfeatures/issuesasneeded.Markallphotolocationsonthesketchedmap!


113

Figure4.10SketchFeatures

PCSM Data Management PCSMdatashouldbeenteredintotheexcelspreadsheetfoundat

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Infrastructure\RoadPCSMMonitoring\Road_PCSM_Data.xlsx.

Datasheetsandphotosshouldbeplacedinafolderfortherespectiveyear(e.g.Road_PCSM_2016)attheabovelocation.Asubfoldercanbeaddedforeachroadwithdistrictnumber,tractnumberandroadname(e.g.D16_Tract_007_MatsonTrl).Subfoldersshouldcontainthescannedsheetsandphotosfortherespectiveroads.Followthesamenamingschemaalreadyestablishedinthefolders.

PCSM Trigger Points IFanyPCSMfeatureisfailing(eroding,overflowing,fillinginwithsediment(needscleaned)orholdingwaterbeyond72hours(unlesswatergarden))thenthedistrictshouldbenotifiedofthefailureormaintenanceneed.Uponreturningtotheoffice,fieldcrewsshouldsendanemailnotificationtotheinfrastructureprogramspecialisttobeforwardedtothedistrict.

1. RoadName2. PlotNumber/Roadmile3. DescriptionofPCSMfeature4. Reasonforfailure

Road Monitoring – Road‐Stream Crossing Assessment

114

Road-Stream Crossing Assessment

Purpose Thisprotocolwillprovidedataontheconditionofstreamcrossingson“gasroads”onstateforestlandinregardstoaquaticorganismpassage.Thiswillhelpdeterminehowgasinfrastructureimpactsaquaticorganisms.

TheShaleGasMonitoringTeamhasadoptedtheexistingproceduresforassessingaquaticconnectivitylayedoutbytheNorthAtlanticAquaticConnectivityCollaborative(NAACC).InformationonNAACCandtheprotocolanddataform(s)usedforthisassessmentcanbefoundhere:https://streamcontinuity.org/resources/naacc_documents.htm

Data Management DatasheetsandphotosmustbefiledintheNAACCdatabaseasspecifiedbytheir

staffforthegivenyear. Also,datasheetsshouldbecompleted,scannedandplacedhere:

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Wildlife\RoadStreamCrossings.Photosshouldalsobeplacedinthislocationwiththecorrespondingcrossing.

Plant Supporting Procedures

115

Chapter 5 Plant Supporting Procedures

Plant Supporting Procedures – Baseline Vegetative Inventory

116

Baseline Vegetative Inventory

Purpose Thegoalofthisinventoryistoobtainbaselinevegetativedatapriortonaturalgasdevelopment.ToaccomplishthisgoalitisnecessarytochangethesamplingintensitypreviouslyusedbytheBureauofForestrytoinventoryforestvegetation.Theobjectiveistheassessmentofcommunityqualitybyquantifyingitssize,successionalstage,disturbance,andspeciesrichnessandrelativedensityofwoodyandherbaceousplantsinboththeoverstoryandgroundlayers.

Equipment Needed xTabletT7000&SXBlueIIGPS 10BAFPrism Compass Clinometer 100’LoggerDiametertape PaintstikMarkers BarkScribe Ribbon Laser MilAcreStick TypingManual(PADCNRBureauofForestry) Newcomb’sWildflowerGuide FernIdentificationGuide GrassIdentificationGuide Tree&ShrubIdentificationGuide HandLens

Procedures

Baselinevegetativedataiscollectedinclusters.ClustersareselectedbythePlantMonitoringSpecialistandtheGISForestProgramSpecialist.Eachclusterismadeupof4setsofplots.Eachsetconsistsofone10BasalAreaFactorprismoverstorytreeplotwithtwomilacrevegetationplotslocatedoffoftheprismplot.EveryclusterhasaPrimaryPlotdesignatedbyashapeotherthanacircle(e.g.Triangle,Hexagon,etc…)and3subsequentplotsdesignatedbycircles.

Establishing Mil Acre Plot Locations MilAcreplotsarelocated45.1’fromtheplotcenterinacardinaldirection,totheleft(milacreA)andright(milacreB)perpendiculartothecruiseline.

Makesuretorecordthecardinaldirectiontravelledtoeachmilacreplot(fromplotcenter).


117

Thecruiselineisthedirectiontraveledtogettotheplotcenterfromapreviousplotcenter,withallmovementintheclusterstartingfromthePrimaryPlotCenterandalwaystravelinginacardinaldirection(e.g.North,East,South,andWest).Mostcommonlyclustersareinsquares,butcansometimesbeinotherconfigurations.Whentheclusterisasquare,movementshouldalwaysbeinaclockwisedirection.IftheclusterisinanotherconfigurationstartatthePrimaryPlotCenterandtraveloutwardtotheconsecutiveplotcentersestablishingcruiselines.Inthesecircumstancesthemilacresfortheprimaryplotareperpendiculartothecruiselineusedtogototheconsecutiveplotcenter.

Overstory Plots RefertotheOverstoryPlotProcedureforinstructionsonconductingtheoverstorytreeplot.

Mil Acre Ground Plots RefertotheMilacreVegetationPlotProcedureforinstructionsonconductingthemilacreplots.

Collectthefollowinginformation;

Suffixwillremain0.Unlessitisnecessarytotakemorethanonesetofplots. EnterDisturbance PlotDate EnterSpeciesCode.When“R”isenteredforregeneration,itwillautomatically

gotoStemCountinsteadofCoverRating HeightStratum CoverRating Sampled?“No”issetbydefault.Ifthespeciescannotbeidentifiedinthefield

select“Yes”.Ifyouselect“Yes”,collectasample,preferablyoutsideofthemilacreplotboundary.Putthesampleintoaplantspecimenbagorplantpressforidentificationlater.RefertoHowtoCollectandPressPlantsforinstructionsoncollectingunknownplantspecimens.

Ground Walk About Afterconductingthetwomilacreplotsforagivenoverstoryprismplot,spend

20minuteswalkingaroundwithin100’oftheoverstoryplotcenterlookingforanyadditionalspeciesthatwerenotcollectedintheoverstorydataorinthemilacredata.

If2peopleareinthecrew,spend10minutesperpersononwalkabout.

Collectthefollowingdataforeachspeciesrecordedonthewalkabout:o PlantSpeciesCodeo Abundanceo Date


118

o Remarks,ifany

Anyspeciesthatcannotbeidentifiedflagwithribbonandafterthewalkabouttimeisallotted,trytokeyoutthespeciestoidentifyit.TakeaspecimensampleiftheidentitycannotbedeterminedaccordingtotheHowtoCollectandPressPlantsprocedure.

Plant Supporting Procedures – Milacre Vegetation Plot Procedure

119

Milacre Vegetation Plot Procedure

Purpose Thisprocedureprovidesinstructionsforcompletingmilacre(1/1000acre)vegetationplots.

Habitat / Vegetation Type 1‐Undisturbedforest

Vegetationgrowinginanaturalcommunityclasssettingthathasnotbeenimpactedbygasdevelopment

2‐Disturbed,nativevegetationAreaonandaroundtheplothasbeendisturbed(bulldozed,treescleared,orsomeotherdisturbance)andhasnotbeenre‐plantedwithE&Sspecies.Attimes,non‐nativespeciesmayvolunteerintothistype,butweretypicallynotplanted.Thistypeiscategorizedbynaturalvolunteerspeciesfollowingdisturbance.

3‐Disturbed,E&SvegetationAreaonandaroundtheplothasbeendisturbedandre‐plantedwitherosionandsedimentationspecies

Vegetation Data Vegetationdataiscollectedforeveryplantspeciesgrowingonthemilacreplot.Itiscollectedinthreepartsforeachspecies;heightstrata,speciescode,andcoverclass/stemcount.

Height Strata Theplotislikea6fttallverticalcylinderstartingatgroundlevelwitha

radiusof3.72ft.Allplantsgrowinginthisspace(Onlytheportionofthevegetationthatfallsintheplotisconsidered)andalltreevegetationcrossingintothisspacefromoutsideoftheplotisrecorded.

Therearethreeheightlevelswithintheplot:StrataCode

DefinitionHeightRange

1Ground/bryophyte/lowherblayer/treeseedlings

0–2feet

2 Highherb/lowshrublayer >2–6feet3 Treecoveroriginatingoutsideoftheplot 0–6feet

Asingleplantcanbeinbothstratum1and2.Ifthisoccurs,recorditinonceinstratum1andonceinstratum2,accountingfortheamountofcoverineachstratum.Disregardanyfoliagethatisgreaterthansixfeettall.


120

Onplotswithslope;thestratafollowthegeneralcontouroftheplot.Thestratum1boundaryisalways2ftdirectlyabovethegroundatanygivenpoint.See(

Figure5.1)belowforanillustrationofaplotonslopedground.

Figure5.1


121

Species Recordeachspeciespresentonthemilacreplotasafour‐characterspeciescode.TheformatforthecodeisA###,wheretheprefixAisanalphacharacterfortheplanttypeand###athreedigitnumbersuffixtoidentifyindividualsineachtype.

PlantTypePrefix

PlantType

Examples

SpecialspeciescodesIdentifiedinfieldbutnotonplantlist.Recordnameandtakeasample.

Unknownspecimenofaspecificplanttype.Takeasample.

Specimencannotbeidentifiedevenwithasample.

F Ferncover F006 F000 FUNK FUID

G Grass/sedgecover

G100 G000 GUNK GUID

R Trees>1fttalland<1in.dbh

R032 R000 RUNK RUID

S Shrubcover S090 S000 SUNK SUIDT Seedlings

≤1fttallandanytreecoverinstratum3

T021 T000 RUNK RUID

V VineCover V154 V000 VUNK VUIDW Herbcover W010 W000 WUNK WUIDX Microhabitat X014 X000 ‐‐‐‐ ‐‐‐‐

Thecompletelistofspeciescodescanbefoundinthesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanual.RefertoSpeciesCodes–All.

Cover class/stem count Theabundanceofallherbaceousplantsandtreeseedlingswillbeestimated

intermsofthepercentoftheareaofthemilacreplotoccupiedbyeachspecies.Ocularestimatesofabundancehavebeenchosenasthemosteffectiveandexpedientmeansofquantification.ForthisinventorytheDomin‐Krajinacover‐abundancescaleforforestcommunitieswillbeusedtoquantifyherbaceousplantsandtreeseedlings.

Thecodeandscaleisasfollows:

Code Cover%oftheSpecies 10 100 9 >75,but<100 8 >50to75 7 >33to50 6 >25to33 5 >10to25 4 >5to10


122

3 1to5 2 <1 1 2or3plants + 1smallplant

ALLCOVERCLASSESAREDETERMINEDBYLOOKINGDOWNONTHEPLOT

FROMABOVE Itcanbeusedinthefollowingmanner

1. Determinetheboundaryoftheplot(3.72ftradiuscirclearoundtheplotcenter)

2. Identifyasingleplantspecies3. Locatealloftheindividualsorvegetationofthatspeciespresentinthe6ft

cylinder4. Determineinwhichstratumthevegetationisfound5. Estimatewhatpercentageoftheplotiscoveredbythevegetationofthat

speciesinStratum1andrecordthestratum,speciescode,andcoverclasscode

6. Repeatstep5,estimatingtheamountofcoverforStratum27. Ifthespeciesisatree,repeatstep5forStratum38. Identifyanotherspeciesofplantontheplotandrepeattheprocessfrom

step3to7.9. Continuethisprocessuntilallofthespeciesofplantsontheplothave

beencovered10. IdentifyanyitemsontheplotcoveredbytheX‐codes(Microhabitat)11. Estimatethecoverforeachoftheseitems

Treesgreaterthan1fttallandlessthan1in.dbhareconsideredregeneration.

Thesearetalliedwiththecodeprefix“R.”WritedownthenumberofindividualstemsinsteadofthecoverclasscodeintheCoverclass/Stemcountcolumn.

Howtoclassifytreespeciesontheplot(hereredmapleisusedasanexample).

Size Stratum SpeciesCode CoverClass/StemCount≤1fttall 1 T021 %coverofgreen>1to2fttall 1 R021 StemCount>2fttalland<1indbh 2 R021 StemCountAnyleaveswhosestemoriginatesoffplot

3 T021 %coverofgreen

Anytree≥1indbh 1 X011(LiveBole/Root

Code)

Crosssectionalareaofstemandexposedrootsatgroundlevel


123

Microhabitattips(X‐codes);o Shouldonlybeusedinspacesnotoccupiedbyvegetation.Forexample;

donotrecordleaflitter(X014)ifyoucannotseeanyleaflitterthroughthevegetationwhenlookingdownontheplot.

o DonotrecordX‐codeswiththe+or1coverclasses Cover%codetips

o The+codeisonlyusedforasmallsingleplantsuchasanewlygerminatedseedling.Useahigherpercentageclassforasingleplantifitcoversanareagreatenoughtomeetthatclass.

o Thecodeof1(2or3plants)isusedfor2or3smallplants.Useahighercodeiftheseplantscoverenougharea.

o 5%oftheplotisroughlythesizeofan8.5”x11”sheetofpapero Coverpercentagesarebasedoffofvegetation.Woodystemsdonot

contributetotheamountofcoverwhenestimatingcoverclass.o Itiscommonforonespeciestohavevegetationcompletelyovertopped

bymorevegetationofthesamespecies.Inthiscaseonlyconsiderthevegetationthatisvisiblewhenlookingdownontheplotwhendeterminingthecoverclassforthatspecies.

o Itisokaytocountoverlappingvegetationofdifferentspecies.Thismakesitpossibletohavemorethan100%coverifthecoverclassesforallofthespeciesontheplotwouldbecombinedtogether.

Plant Supporting Procedures – Overstory Plot Procedure

124

Overstory Plot Procedure

Purpose Theobjectiveofthisprocedureistheassessmentofforestcommunityqualitybyquantifyingitssize,successionalstage,disturbance,speciesrichness,andrelativedensityofwoodyplantsintheoverstory.

Equipment Needs Tabletcomputer(e.g.xTabletT7000) GPSunit(e.g.SXBlueIIGPS) 10BAFPrism Compass Clinometer 100’Loggertapeintenthsoffeet Paintstikmarkers Barkscribe Flaggingribbon Laser(treeheight) TypingManual(PADCNRBureauofForestry) Tree&ShrubIdentificationGuide HandLens

Whenenteringdataelectronically,besuretohavetheappropriateGPSpointsandelectronicformsloadedonthetablet.PointsareselectedbythePlantMonitoringSpecialistandtheGISForestProgramSpecialist.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad.

Establishing Plot Center UsingthetabletcomputerandGPSunit,getascloseasyoucantotheGPS

coordinatesrepresentingplotcenter. Markyourplotcenterbypushingastickintothegroundandtieapieceof

flaggingtothetopofthestick. Standingonplotcenterselectawitnesstreeandusethecompasstodetermine

theazimuthfromtheplotcentertothecenterofthetree.Usingthebarkscribe,markthetreewithasingleslashfacingplotcenteratyourfaceheightonthetree.Measurethediameterofthetreetothenearesttenthofaninch,andmeasurethedistancefromthefrontofthetreetoplotcentertothenearesttenthofafoot.


125

Witnesstreesshouldberelativelyclosetotheplotcenterandshouldbehealthy,notabletrees(notsmall,dead,dying,etc…).

Withintheappropriatetabonthetabletcomputer,entercrewmemberslast

names,thedate,andin“Remarks”enterthefollowingwitnesstreedata:speciescode,diameteratbreastheight(dbh,measured4.5’fromtheground),distancefromplotcenter,andazimuth(e.g.spp.040,dbh.22.3”,dist.8.6’,Az.270).

Plot Data Thefollowinginformationshouldbeassessedandrecordedwithintheappropriatetabonthetabletcomputer.

Vegetative Condition Selectthecodethatmostappliestotheacresurroundingtheplotcenter.Fulldescriptionsofthesetermscanbefoundinthetypingmanual.

Code VegetativeCondition 1 Forested (terrestrialandpalustrineforests)2 NonForested (woodland,shrubland,orherbaceousopenings)3 NonVegetated4 AquaticSystems,Anthropologicsites,orMineralsites

Plot Condition

Selectthecodethatmostappliestotheareasurroundingtheplotcenter.

Code PlotCondition 1 Surroundingareaoftheplotisclearlywithintheclassicdefinitionofaplant

communitytype.2 Surroundingareaoftheplotiswithinatransitionareabetweentwoormore

plantcommunitytypes(includesaquatic,anthropogenicandmineral).Aholeinastandisnotatransition,neitherisasmallunderstockedarea.Theminimumsurroundingareaistheareacontainedwithina45.1footradiusoftheplotcenter(themaximumdistancea16.4inchDBHtreecanstillbecalledas“in”theprismplot).Themaximumsurroundingareawilldependupontheoccurrenceoftreeslargerthan16.4inchesDBHthatliefurtherthan45.1feetfromplotcenterandarecalledas“in”theprismplot.

3 SurroundingareaisNon‐Vegetated.4 SurroundingareaisinanAquaticSystem,AnthropogenicorMineralsite.


126

Stand StructureSelectthecodethatbestdescribesthebasicformofthetreesinthestandinwhichtheplotresides.

Code StandStructure0 Non‐ForestedorNon‐Vegetated1 SingleStoried:Standscharacterizedbyanevencanopyofuniformheight

withclosecompetitionbetweentrees.Thesmallertreesareusuallymembersofthestandthatwerestressedorovertoppedandhavefallenbehindtheirassociates.Regenerationand/ortallrelicsfromapreviousstandmaybepresent.Mostofthetreesinthestandarewithintheheightclassoftheaveragestandheight.

2 TwoStoried:Standscomposedoftworelativelyevenbutdistinctcanopy

layers,suchasamatureoverstorywithanunderstorysaplinglayer,possiblyfromseedtreeorshelterwoodoperations,oranoverstoryoftallconiferswithanunderstoryoflowhardwoods.Neithercanopyisnecessarilycontinuousorclosed,butbothcanopylevelstendtobeuniformlydistributedacrossthestand.Eachcanopylevelmustcoveratleast25%ofthestand.

3 Multi‐Storied:Standsgenerallycontainingtreesfromeverysizegroupon

acontinuumfromseedlingstomaturetreesandarecharacterizedbyabrokenorunevencanopylayer.Usuallythelargestnumberoftreesisinthesmallerdiameterclasses.Consideranystandwiththreeormorelayersasmulti‐storiediseachofthethreeormorelayerscoversatleast25%ofthestand.

4 Mosaic:Standscontainatleasttwodistinctsizeclasseseachofwhich

coversatleast25%ofthestand;however,theseclassesarenotuniformlydistributedbutaregroupedinsmallrepeatingaggregations,oroccurinstringerslessthan120feetwide,throughoutthestand.Eachsizeclassaggregationistoosmalltoberecognizedandmappedasanindividualstand;theaggregationsmaynotbesingle‐storied.

Percent Slope Measureaccordingtothefollowingprocedure:

Standingonplotcenter,imaginesomeoneofyoursameheightstandingdownhill100feet.

Usingtheclinometer,aimaboutwheretheireyeswouldbeandrememberthe%slope.


127

Repeatthisprocedureuphill.

Addbothnumberstogetheranddividebytwo.Theresultisthepercentslope.

Anythingunder5%isenteredas0

Forest Community Type by District: Thiscanbefoundintheappropriatetabwithintheattributesfortheplot,under“VegCode”.Simplyrefertothisandselecttheplantcommunitytypealreadydefinedbytheforestdistrict.

The“VegCode”willcontainlettersandnumbers.Thelettersrepresenttheplantcommunitytypewhilethenumbersrepresentsite,size,andstockingclasses.Currently,forourpurposes,weareonlyconcernedwiththeletters,thereforethesewillbetheonlyoptionsyouseeintheselectabledropdownlist.

Forest Community Type by Monitoring Crew: RefertotheTypingManualandselecttheplantcommunitytypethatbestrepresentsthestandthattheplotislocatedin.Thisdoesnothavetobethesametypethatthedistrictchosetorepresentthestand.

Aspect Toavoidmicro‐siteconditions,adistanceof100feetalongthecontouristheminimumspanoverwhichaspectshouldbedetermined.Measureaspectaccordingtothefollowingprocedure: Standattheplotcenterwithyourshouldersparalleltotheslopeface,looking

downhill. Usingthecompass,determinetheazimuth,perpendicular(90degrees)fromthe

slopeface.

Useathreedigitintegertorecordaspecttothenearestdegree.Record“Null”whenthereisnoaspect(slopeoflessthan5%)andrecord“360”foranorthaspect.

Terrain Position Terrainpositionisthelocationoftheplotalongtheslopeprofile.Toavoidmicro‐siteconditions,adistanceof100feetaroundplotcenteristheminimumspantoconsider.Selecttheterrainpositionthatbestrelatestotheacresurroundingtheplotcentertotheslopeprofile.

Code TerrainPosition1 TopofSlope (convexregion)2 UpperSlope (convexregionatupperedgeofslope)3 Mid‐Slope (fairlyuniformangle)


128

Code TerrainPosition4 Bench (slopedeviation,levellandwithslopeaboveandbelow)5 LowerSlope (concaveregionatloweredgeofslope)6 Bottomland (horizontalregionatlow‐lyingareas,maybesubjectto

flooding)7 Flatland (areasnotpartoforrelatedtotheslope)

Bottomlandisgenerallyassociatedwithdrainagesandflatlandisnot.

RefertoFigure5.2belowforavisualrepresentationoftheseterrainpositions.

Figure5.2

Establishing Prism Plot Trees Standingonplotcenter,usethecompasstodeterminenorth. Startingatnorth,proceedthroughtheplotinaclockwisedirection,assessing

treesencounteredattheirDBH(4.5’)todetermineiftheyare“in”or“out”oftheplotwiththe10BAFprism.

Makesuretheprismisalwayshelddirectlyoverplotcenter.


129

Markalltrees1.5”DBHandlarger,determinedtobe“in”bytheprism,withaPaintstikmarker.Alllivinganddeadtreesthatarestandingontheirownshouldbeassessed(treesthatareleaningintoandsupportedbyanothertreearenottallied).

Borderlinetreesneedtobeverifiedas“in”or“out”byusingthelimitingfactordistanceappropriateforthedbhofthetree.Thelimitingfactordistanceisdeterminedbymultiplyingthedbhby2.75,orbyusingthe10BAFPrismCruisedistancetable(Figure5.3).Ifthelimitingfactordistanceis≥theactualdistancefromplotcentertothepithofthetree,thetreeis“in”.Ifthelimitingfactordistanceis<theactualdistance,itis“out”andshouldnotbetallied.

Measuretothepith(estimatethepith’slocation)atthetree’sbasewhenmeasuringthedistancefromplotcentertothetree.

Figure5.3LimitingFactorDistancesbyDBH


130

Prism Plot Tree Data Foreachtreethatistobetallied,thefollowinginformationshouldbeassessedandrecordedwithintheappropriatetabonthetabletcomputer.

Makesureyousavethedataperiodicallyasyougotopreventthelossofdata.

Species Code Recordthethree‐digitcode,excludingtheletter,usingthespeciescodesfoundinthesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanual.RefertoSpeciesCodes–All.

Diameter at Breast Height RecordtheDBH,roundingtothenearest1/10thofaninch.MeasurementofDBHshouldalwaysbedonefromtheuphillsideofthetree.

ForuniqueDBHsituationsrefertotheSpecialDBHSituationssectionbelow.

Tree Height Usingthelaser,shootthetotaltreeheight(i.e.thetopofthegreenonalivetreeandthetopofthedeadwoodonadeadtree,RefertoFigure5.4forexceptions).Standapproximatelythedistanceofthetree’sheightawaywhenusingthelaser(avoidbeingonthedownhillside,orundertheleanofthetree).Althoughnotpreferred,aclinometercanalsobeusedforthis.

Crown Class Selectthecodethatbestrepresentsthecrownclassofthetree.

Code CrownClass1 OPENGROWN

Treeswithcrownsthathavereceivedfulllightfromaboveandfromallsidesthroughoutmostofthelifeofthetree,particularlyduringitsearlydevelopmentperiod,theirformsorcrownshapeshavenotbeenandarenotlikelytobeinfluencedbyothertrees.

2 DOMINANT

Treeswithcrownsextendingabovethegenerallevelofthecrowncoverandreceivingfulllightfromaboveandpartlyfromthesides,largerthanaveragetreesinthestand,andwithcrownswelldeveloped,butpossiblysomewhatcrowdedonthesides.

3 CODOMINANT

Treeswithcrownsformingthegenerallevelofthecrowncanopyandreceivingfulllightfromabove,butcomparativelylittlefromthesides,usuallywithmedium‐sizedcrowns,moreorlesscrowdedonthesides.(Instagnatedstands,includestreeswithsmall‐sizedcrownscrowdedonthesides.)


131

Code CrownClass4 INTERMEDIATE

Treesshorterthanthoseinthetwoprecedingclasses,butwithcrownseitherbeloworextendingintothecrowncoverformedbycodominantanddominanttrees,receivinglittledirectlightfromaboveandprobablycrowdedonthesides.

5 OVERTOPPED

Suppressedtreeswithcrownsentirelybelowthegenerallevelofthecrowncover,receivingnodirectlighteitherfromaboveorfromthesides.

6 DEAD

Alldeadtrees.

Inmultiple‐agestandswithunderstorytreesofyoungerageclasses,crownclassificationisoftendifficult.Asageneralrule,thecrownclassforeachtreeshouldbejudgedinthecontextofitsimmediateenvironment;thatis,thosetreesaffectingitorbeingaffectedbyitintermsofcrowncompetition.Forexample,theintermediateandovertoppedcrownclassesareintendedtoincludeonlytreesseriouslyaffectedbydirectcompetitionfromadjacenttrees.Asanotherexample,adominanttreeisonethatgenerallystandsheadandshouldersaboveallothertreesinitsvicinity.However,theremaybeayoung,vigoroustreenearby,butnotovertoppedbyadominanttree.Thissmallertreemaybeconsiderablyshorterthanthedominant,butstillbereceivingfulllightfromaboveandpartlyfromthesides.Initsownimmediateenvironment,itisdominantandshouldberecordedassuch.Onlyunderstorytreesimmediatelyadjacenttotheoverstorytreeswillbeassignedsubordinatecrownclasses.

Wind‐throwntrees,ifstillalive,aretobeclassifiedinthecontextoftheirimmediateenvironmentasdescribedabove.

Tree Condition Class Recordoneofthefollowingconditionclasscodesforthetree.Brokentopsmustbesignificantenoughtointroducerotintothemainstem.

Code Description Comments1 Livetree,intacttop2 Livetree,brokentop3 Livetree,intactdeadtop Topsmaymerelybedefoliated–usewith

caution.4 Deadtree,intacttop Usescribetocheckformoistureincambium

layer.


132

Code Description Comments5 Deadtree,brokentop Usescribetocheckformoistureincambium

layer.6 Deadtree,down Donottallyifadvanceddecayispresent

(punky).7 Snag,intacttop8 Snag,brokentop

Deadtreesaretreesthathaverecentlydied(withinthelastseveralyears)butstillretainmanybranches(includingsomesmallbranchesandpossiblysomesmalltwigs)andhavebarkthatisgenerallytightandhardtoremovefromthetree.

Snagsaredeadtrees,orwhatremainsofadeadtree,thatisatleast4.5feettallandismissingmostofitsbark.Thiscategoryincludestreescoveredwithbarkthatisveryloose.Thisbarkcanusuallyberemoved,oftentimesinbigstrips,withverylittleeffort,snagsarenotrecentlydeadtrees.Mostoftentheywillhavebeendeadforseveralyears,sometimesformorethanadecade.


133

Figure5.4Specialtreeheightsituations


134

Cavities Indicate“yes”ifthetreecontainsacavitysuitableforusebywildlifeand/orwouldbeconsideredasadefect.Treescanbealiveordead,butmustbestanding.

Defoliation Selectthecodethatbestrepresentsthepercentageofdefoliationobservedinthecrownofthetree.Defoliationinthiscontextreferstothatcausedbyinsect,disease,orclimate.Nocauseneedstobeassessed,butcanbeaddedinremarksifdiscernible.

Code Defoliation(%)0 Nodefoliation1 1%‐60%2 >60%

Remarks Useforadditionalnotesonindividualtrees.

Record“WitnessTree”inthisfieldwhentallyingthewitnesstreeusedtoreferenceplotcenter

Special DBH Situations

Forked tree Inordertoqualifyasafork,thesteminquestionmustbeatleast1/3thediameterofthemainstemandmustbranchoutfromthemainstematanangleof45°orless.Forksoriginateatthepointonthebolewherethepithsintersect.Forkedtreesarehandleddifferentlydependingonwhethertheforkoriginatesbelow1.0ft,between1.0and4.5ft,orabove4.5ft. Treesforkedbelow1.0ft.Treesforkedinthisregionaretreatedasdistinctly

separatetrees.DBHismeasuredforeachstemat4.5ftabovetheground(Figure5.5).Whenstemsoriginatefrompithintersectionsbelow1ft,itispossibleforsomestemstobewithinthelimitingdistanceoftheplotandotherstobebeyondthelimitingdistance.Ifstemsoriginatingfromforksthatoccurbelow1.0ftandforkagainbetween1.0and4.5ft,theDBHofeachforkismeasuredatapoint3.5ftabovethepithintersection(Figure5.8‐B).


135

Treesforkedbetween1.0ftand4.5ft.Treesforkedinthisregionarealsocountedasseparatetrees(Figure5.6).TheDBHofeachforkismeasuredatapoint3.5ftabovethepithintersection.Whenforksoriginatefrompithintersectionsbetween1.0and4.5ft,thelimitingdistanceisthesameforallforks‐‐theyareeitherall“in”,orall“out”oftheplot.

Multipleforksarepossibleiftheyalloriginatefromapproximatelythesamepointonthemainstem.Insuchcases,measureDBHonallstemsat3.5ftabovethecommonpithintersection(Figure5.8‐F).

Onceastemistalliedasaforkthatoriginatedfromapithintersectionbetween1.0and4.5ft,donotrecognizeanyadditionalforksthatmayoccuronthatstem.MeasurethediameterofsuchstemsatthebaseofthesecondforkasshowninFigure5.8‐E(i.e.,donotmovethepointofdiametertheentire3.5ftabovethefirstfork).

4.5’ 4.5’

4.5’

3.5’

Diameter

point

Pith intersection

Figure5.5Treesforkedbelow1ft

Figure5.6Treesforkedbetween1ftand4.5ft


136

Treesforkedatorimmediatelyabove4.5ft.Ifaforkoccursatorimmediatelyabove4.5ft,measurediameterbelowtheforkjustbeneathanyswellingthatwouldinflateDBH.(Figure5.7)

4.5’

Diameter

point Pith intersection

Figure5.7Treeforkedat4.5ft


137

Figure5.8SpecialDBHsituationsforforkedtrees

Stump sprouts Stumpsproutsoriginatebetweengroundleveland4.5ftonthebolesoftreesthathavediedorbeencut.Stumpsproutsarehandledthesameasforkedtrees,withtheexceptionthatstumpsproutsarenotrequiredtobe1/3thediameterofthedeadbole.Stumpsproutsoriginatingbelow1.0ftaremeasuredat4.5ftfromgroundline.Stumpsproutsoriginatingbetween1.0ftand4.5ftaremeasuredat3.5ftabovetheirpointofoccurrence.

Tree with butt-swell or bottleneck Measurethesetrees1.5ftabovetheendoftheswellorbottleneckiftheswellorbottleneckextends3.0ftormoreabovetheground(Figure5.9).


138

Tree with irregularities at DBH Ontreeswithbumps,depressions,andbranches(Figure5.10)orswellings(Figure5.11)atDBH,diameterwillbemeasuredimmediatelyabovetheirregularityattheplaceitceasestoaffectnormalstemform.

4.5’

Diameter point

3.0’ or more

Diameter

point 1.5’

4.5’

Diameter point

Figure5.9Treewithbutt‐swell

Figure5.11Treewithswelling

Figure5.10Treewithbranch


139

Tree on slope Measurethesetreesat4.5ftfromtheground,alongthebole,ontheuphillsideofthetree(Figure5.12).

Leaning tree Measurethesetreesat4.5ftfromthegroundalongthebole.The4.5ftdistanceismeasuredalongtheundersidefaceofthebole(Figure5.13).

Independent trees that grow together IftwoormoreindependentstemshavegrowntogetheratorabovethepointofDBH,continuetotreatthemasseparatetrees.Estimatethediameterofeachandexplainthesituationinthenotes.

Missing wood or bark DonotreconstructtheDBHofatreethatismissingwoodorbarkoratthepointofmeasurement.Recordthediameterofthewoodandbarkthatisstillattachedtothetree(Figure5.14).Ifatreehasalocalizedabnormality(gouge,depression,etc.)atthepointofDBH,applytheproceduredescribedfortreeswithirregularitiesatDBH(Figure5.11).

4.5’

Diameter

point

4.5’

Figure5.12Treeonslope

Figure5.13Leaningtree


140

Down live tree with tree-form branches growing vertical from main boleWhenadownlivetree,touchingtheground,hasvertical(<45fromvertical)tree‐likebranchescomingoffthemainbole,firstdeterminewhetherornotthepithofthemainbole(averagedalongthefirstlogofthetree)isaboveorbelowthedufflayer.

Ifthepithofthemainboleisabovethedufflayer,usethesameforkingrulesspecifiedforaforkedtree,andtakeallmeasurementsaccordingly(Figure5.15).

o Ifthepithintersectionofthemaindownboleandverticaltree‐like

branchoccursbelow4.5ftfromthestumpalongthemainbole,treatthatbranchasaseparatetree,andmeasureDBH3.5ftabovethepithintersectionforboththemainboleandthetree‐likebranch.

o Iftheintersectionbetweenthemaindownboleandthetree‐likebranch

occursbeyondthe4.5ftpointfromthestumpalongthemainbole,treatthatbranchaspartofthemaindownbole.

Figure5.15Treeabovedufflayer

3.5’

3.5’

Figure5.14Treemissingwoodorbark


141

Ifthepithofmaintreeboleisbelowthedufflayer,ignorethemainbole,andtreateachtree‐likebranchasaseparatetree;takeDBHandlengthmeasurementsfromtheground,notnecessarilyfromthetopofthedownbole(Figure5.16).However,ifthetopofthemaintreebolecurvesoutofthegroundtowardsaverticalangle,treatthatportionofthattopasanindividualtreeoriginatingwherethepithleavesthedufflayer.

Figure5.16Treebelowdufflayer

Data Management Fordataenteredelectronicallyonatabletcomputer,besureto“checkin”

collecteddataperiodicallytotheappropriatelocationintheOGITgeodatabase.Donotletoverstorydatabuilduponthetabletasyourisklosingthedata.RefertothesupportingdocumentssectionofthismanualforinstructionsonCheckingIn/CheckingOutDataforArcPad

Ifenteringdataonadatasheetrefertoappropriatespecialistforinstructionson

filingandenteringdata.

4.5’4.5’

Plant Supporting Procedures – Invasive Plant Species Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR)

142

Invasive Plant Species Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR)

Purpose Thisprotocolprovidesabrief(lessthan5minutes)reportingprocedurethatcanbecarriedoutbyallmonitoringprogrampersonnel.Itallowsnotonlyforopportunisticsampling,butalsotimely(sometimesinstant)treatmentofinvasiveplantspecies.

Thefocusofthisprotocolisonhighpriorityspeciesthatareeitherneworuncommontoadistrictorarecurrentlyfoundoutsideadistrict,buthavethepotentialtomovein.TrackingthesenovelpopulationsandtreatingthempromptlyisessentialforslowingthespreadofinvasiveplantsandallowstheBureautounderstandifthesespeciesarecolonizingnewareasorbecomingmorewidespreadduetogasdevelopment.Secondly,keepingcarefulrecordofhownewinvasiveplantpopulationsaretreatedandthesuccessorfailureofthesetreatmentsisessentialtobettermanagementofthesespeciesacrossallBureauofForestrylands.

Invasive Species High Priority List ThefollowingspeciesaretargetsforEarlyDetectionandRapidResponseasofMarch1,2016.Thislistwillbere‐evaluatedannuallybasedonthelatestsurveydata.Atthistime,thislistappliestoalldistrictscurrentlyutilizedforgasdevelopmentinnorthernPennsylvania(Moshannon,Sproul,Tiadaghton,Elk,Susquehannock,Tioga,andLoyalsockstateforests).

Tree‐of‐heaven(Ailanthusaltissima) Japaneseangelicatree(Araliaelata) Poisonhemlock(Coniummaculatum) Glossybuckthorn(Frangulaalnus) Goatsrue(Galegaofficinalis) Mile‐a‐minute(Persicariaperfoliata) Commonreed(Phragmitesaustralisssp.australis) JapaneseandGiantknotweed(Polygonumcuspidatum&P.sachaliense) Blackswallow‐wort(Vincetoxicumnigrum) Paleswallow‐wort(V.rossicum) Porcelain‐berry(Ampelopsisbrevipedunculata)

Equipment Needs

TabletComputerandGPS ShaleGasMonitoring:InvasivePlantSpeciesEarlyDetectionandRapid

ResponseDataCollectionForm Camera


143

PPEGear(Gloves,Mask,etc.) HerbicideApplicationEquipment(BackpackSprayer,Spraybottle,etc.) ApplicableHerbicideSolutions FieldGuidesandIdentificationMaterials Plasticbags(forspecimens) PlantPress(forspecimens) Mattock,shovel,trowel,orotherhandtools LargeGarbagebags(forplantmaterialremoval)

Procedures

Conducting Surveys for High Priority Species OnedefiningcharacteristicofEDRRprotocolsistheopportunisticnatureofthesampling.MonitoringstaffshouldbefamiliarwithallspecieslistedontheHighPrioritylistandbeabletoadequatelyidentifyallthesespeciesatboththeirpeakandatthebeginningandendofthegrowingseason.Duringallmonitoringprotocols,regardlessoftopicorlocation,monitoringstaffshouldbeawareofsurroundingvegetationandbeabletodifferentiatetheseinvasiveplantspeciesfromsurroundingvegetationwhenpresent.Invasiveplantspeciesidentificationmaterialsshouldbereferencedasnecessarytohelpidentifyspeciesthatareunknown.IfnotveryconfidentofthespeciesID,avoucherspecimenshouldbecollectedalongwithadditionaldescriptivephotosoftheplantincludingleaves,flowers,orfruit.

Initial Visit & Population Description IfaninvasivespeciesisfoundthatisontheHighPrioritylist,aGPSpointshouldbetakenatthecenterofthepopulationandthecoordinatesnotedonthefielddatasheet.TheGPSdatawillbeenteredintotheEDRRdataintheFIMSsystembythespecialists.Surveyor’slastname(s),dateofsurvey,districtnumber,leasedtractnumber,closestroad,andspeciesshouldalsobenotedonthedatasheet.Besurethe“NewOccurrence”boxischeckedaswell.

Appropriatephotodocumentationisessentialtothelong‐termviabilityofthisprotocol.Photosshouldbetakentoadequatelycapturetheentirepopulation,aswellasthestateoftheindividualplants.Specialattentionshouldbegiventophotosthatprovideidentificationexamplesoffirstyeargrowthandplant“seedlings”thatarejustbecomingestablished.Ifpossible,pleasetrytotakea“landscape”stylepicturethatcapturesthepopulationandtheassociated/adjacentgasinfrastructure.

Additionaldatasuchascertaintyofidentity,abundance,infestedarea,reproductivestate,andanyinformationinregardstotheperceivedvectorofinfestationshouldalsobeincludedonthedatasheet.The“PopulationGeneralComments”isforanyotherinformationthatissite‐specificorpertinenttothepopulationbeingsurveyed.


144

Notification WhenaHighPrioritypopulationisfound,uponreturningtotheoffice,theplantmonitoringspecialistsshouldbenotifiedofwhatwasfound.Sendappropriatephotographs,datasheets,andashortexplanationdescribingwhatwasfoundviaemail.Inthecaseofhighriskornovelspeciesencountered,themonitoringteammaycontactthegasforesterresponsiblefortheareasothattheycanbeawareofsaidspeciesbeingfoundinhis/herdistrict.

IfapopulationofaHighPriorityspeciesisfoundonthewellpadpavedsurfaceandneedstobedugandremoved,thegasoperatorshouldbecontactedpriortodigging.Ifthepopulationcanbeeasilyhand‐pulledorsprayedwithherbicide,thiscontactcanoccurfollowingtreatment.Thegasoperatorswillbenotifiedbyeithertheplantmonitoringspecialist(s)orgasforestersifnecessary.

Ifmorethanaverysmallamountofherbicideisnecessary,thedistrictinwhichthepopulationoccursshouldbecontactedpriortoherbicidetreatment.Inadditiontodiscussingherbicidetreatment,alsodiscusswhetherMonitoringstaffordistrictstaffwillentertreatmentdataintotheherbicidetrackingdatabasefollowingtreatment.

Followingtreatment,itisnecessaryforthemonitoringteamtosubmitherbicidetrackinginformationtothedistrict.Allapplicabledatashouldbecollectedduringtreatmentandsubmittedtotheplantspecialistsforinclusionwitheachdistrict’sherbicidetrackingdata.

Referring Treatment to Districts or Gas Operators InthecourseofEDRRsurveys,itispossiblethatlargepopulationsofhigh‐priorityspeciesmaybeencountered.Duetolimitationsinmanpower,itmaybeprudenttotransfertreatmentresponsibilitiesoftheselargepopulationstodistrictstaff,orinthecaseofleasedtracts,thelesseeorSurfaceUseAgreementholder.Generally,ifthetreatmentofahigh‐prioritypopulationisgoingtotakemorethanoneday’swork,itislikelyoutsideofthescopeofMonitoringTeamresponsibility.However,eachspeciesandeachpopulationcreatesuniquesituationswhichmustbeevaluatedcarefullybeforethedecisiontotransfertreatmentresponsibilityisreached.

Astandardizeddecision‐makingprocesshasbeenestablishedtofacilitatemakingthedeterminationofwhentotransfertreatmentresponsibility(Figure5.17).Thischainofquestionsismeanttoduplicatetheassessmentmadebyexperiencedfieldforestersandspecialists.Thisprocessisbasedonansweringthefollowingfourquestions.Iftheanswertoanyofthesequestionsis‘No’thenthepopulationshouldbetransferred.


145

Isthisanisolatedpopulation?Thisquestionattemptstodetermineifthepopulationseededinfromanadjacentseedsourcethatmayhavebeenpresentpriortodevelopmentofanygasinfrastructure.

Willcontinuedtreatmentseradicatethepopulation?Iftargeted,effectivetreatmentshaveahighlikelihoodoferadicatingthepopulationinquestion;itmaybemostefficientforthemonitoringteamtoconductthesetreatments.

Canallrequiredtreatmentsoverthecourseofafieldseasonbecompletedinatotalofoneday’stimeorless?

EDRRprotocolsaremeanttobeopportunisticandrequireminimaltimetocomplete.Ifapopulationsizenecessitatesmorethanoneday’stimefortreatment,itislikelytoolargetoremainanefficientuseofthemonitoringteam’stimeandresources.

Dowehaveorcanweobtaintheresourcesrequiredtoeffectivelytreatthepopulation?

Ifapopulationrequireslargeamountsofchemicalsorspecializedequipment,itmaybeoutsideofthescopeoftheworkcarriedoutbythemonitoringteamandbetterhandledbythedistrictorgaslessee.

Ifthedecisionismadetotransferresponsibilityoftreatmenttoadistrict,themonitoringeamisstillresponsibletoaidthedistrictinthefollowingways:

‐Teachingorexplainingtheappropriatesurveyandtreatmenttechniquesforthespecies.

‐PlantMonitoringSpecialistswillworkwiththeappropriatedistrictstafftoprepareatreatmentplan.

‐Monitoringteamstaffcanprovideassistanceinsurveyingtheareaimmediatelysurroundingthetransferredpopulationforsmallersatellitepopulations.

Whenthedecisionismadetotransfertreatmentresponsibilitiesofpopulationtoadistrict,themonitoringforesterwhofirstencounteredthepopulationisresponsiblefornotifyingthedistrictofthedecisionandservingasthefollow‐upcontactbetweenthedistrictandmonitoringstaff.Atthetimeofnotification,themonitoringteamwillprovidealllocationdataandrecommendedtreatmentprotocols.ContactshouldfirstbemadetotheapplicableGasForester,AssistantDistrictForester,DistrictForesterand(ifnamed)thedistrictInvasiveSpeciesCoordinator.Plantmonitoringspecialists,theMonitoringFieldManager,EcologicalServicesBotanist,andMonitoringTeamCoordinatorshouldalsobenotified.Follow‐uptoconfirminitiationoftreatmentbydistrictstaffshouldtakeplace15daysfollowinginitialnotification.


146

IfthedecisionismadetotransfertreatmenttoanapplicableLesseeorSurfaceUseAgreement‐holder,themonitoringstaffshouldworkcloselywithMineralsStaffanddistrictGasForesterstoprovidetheappropriatenotificationandtreatmentprotocolstotheoperator.

Treatment of Populations Afterallinformationhasbeencollectedandallphotographshavebeentaken,theinvasivespeciespopulationshouldbeevaluatedfortreatment.Dependingonthetimeofyear,speciesandsizeofthepopulation,thistreatmentcouldbeconductedimmediatelyoratsometimeinthenearfuture.

Evaluatingtreatmentoptions:

Considerthepopulationsizeandperceivedageofinfestation.Ifthepopulationissmallanditappearsunlikelythatthespecieshasbeenpresentformorethanoneortwogrowingseasons,thenhand‐pullingordiggingmaybethemosteffectivemeansofremoval.Ifthepopulationisextensiveorhasalargernumberofindividuals,herbicidetreatmentsshouldbeconsidered.Ifthepopulationfoundistoolargetoefficientlytreat,thedistrictshouldbecontacted.

Ifthepopulationisfoundinanareasubjecttoinvasiveplantprovisionsonagaslease,theoperatormayberesponsiblefortreatment.IfEDRRspeciesarefoundinareassubjecttotheseprovisions,collectthedataanddeterminethefeasibilityoftreatment.Pleasecontactaplantspecialistforhowbesttoproceed.

Conductingtreatments:

Tree‐of‐heaven:Unlesstheseedlingisextremelysmall(lessthan6‐8inchestall),cuttingorbreakingofAilanthusstemsshouldnotbeconsideredaneffectivetreatmentfortheinfestation.HerbicideapplicationsshouldtakeplacefromJuly1stuntilAilanthusleavesturncolorsinthefall.Onepotentialtreatmentmethodisbasalbarkapplicationoftriclopyr(garlon)andoil(pre‐mixedsoldasPathfinderII).Hackandsquirtcanalsobeeffective,giventhateachstemisnotentirelygirdledordamaged(asmallportionshouldbeleftintact)whiletreating.

Japaneseangelicatree:AngelicatreecanonlybecertainlydifferentiatedfromHercules’clubduringthefloweringseason(August).Angelicatreeshouldbetreatedbybasalbarkapplicationoftriclopyr(garlon)andoil(pre‐mixedsoldasPathfinderII).Eachseedling/stemshouldbetreated.Ifthepopulationisfoundlateintheseason,considerremovingtheflower/fruitsfromthestemsifthepopulationissmall.


147

Poisonhemlock:Specialcareshouldbetakenwhilehandlingpoisonhemlock,allpartsofthisplantaretoxic.Themosteffectivetreatmentofpoisonhemlockistotargetthe1styearorearlyspringbasalrosetteswithglyphosate.Thistreatmentismuchmoreeffectivethantreatingbolted,floweringstems.Duringthesummer,thedryingdeadadultplantsareobserved.Ifthisisthecase,thissiteshouldbedocumentedandtreatmentoftherosettescantakeplaceinfallorthenextgrowingseason.

Phragmites:o Ifthepopulationissmall(lessthan20individuals),itmaybepossibleto

hand‐digthepopulation.Extremecareshouldbetakentoensurethattherhizomesystemisremovedintactandallnewoff‐sproutsarefoundandremoved.Allplantmaterialandrhizomeshouldbebaggedandremovedfromthesite.

o Ifherbicideisdeemednecessaryduetothesizeofthepopulation,consider

firstcuttingthestemsandapplyingherbicideeightweekslater,depletingreservesintherhizomes.Considerusingimazapyr(Habitat),imazamox(Clearcast),orglyphosatetotreatPhragmites.Ifcuttingpriortotreatmentisnotutilized,treatmentshouldbeconductedafterJuly1.

Glossybuckthorn:

Ifonlyafewindividualsarepresent,handpullingordiggingcanbeeffectiveiftherootsareremoved.Thissitewouldstillhavetobemonitoredforanyadditionalseedlingsfromtheseedbank.Forlargerpopulations,cut‐stumptreatmentswithglyphosateortryclopyrshouldtakeplaceinsummer(afterJuly1st)orfall.

Goats‐rue:Anygoat’s‐ruefoundneedstobereportedtothePADepartmentofAgriculture.Ifpopulationsaresmallandhaveonlybeenestablishedforoneortwogrowingseasons,handpullingofplantsappearstobeaneffectivetreatmentaslongastherootsystemisremoved.UsingGarlon3Ainsummerasafoliarapplicationcanbeaneffectiveherbicidefortreatinggoat’s‐rue.

Mile‐a‐minute:

Thisspeciesisbestcontrolledwithpre‐emergentapplicationduringMarchorApril.However,itislikelythatapopulationwillbefoundduringthegrowingseason.Forverysmallpopulations,handpullinganddiggingmaybeeffective.Bothtricolpyr(Garlon3A)andglyphosate(Glyphomate41)canbeusedasafoliarapplicationduringthegrowingseason.Asurfactantshouldbeusedaswell.Garlon3Atargetsonlybroadleafplants,whichmaybemoredesirableif


148

mile‐a‐minuteisgrowingwithothernon‐targetspecies.Theextentofthepopulationshouldbeflaggedandconsideredforpre‐emergenttreatmentthefollowinggrowingseason.

Japaneseknotweed:o Smallpopulationsofknotweed(1‐5plants)canbeconsideredfordigging

andhandremoval.Beadvisedthatthetaprootsofknotweedareveryextensiveandoftenbranch,exercisecautionwhilediggingtheseplants.Consideranherbicideapplicationtotherootsiftheybreakoffwhenpullingorbecomedifficulttoremove.

o Themosteffectivemeanstotreatknotweedistocuttheplantsandtreat

withglyphosateeightweekslater.TypicallythiscuttingoccursinlateMayorJuneandtreatmentisconductedeightweekslater,thishelpstoreduceroot/rhizomesreservespriortospraying.Ifthereisnomowingorcutting,treatmentsshouldtakeplaceafterJuly1standendbymid‐September,thisshouldbeahighvolumeapplication.Dependingontheglyphosateformulation,asurfactantmaybenecessary(Glyphomate41doesnotneedanadditionalsurfactant).

BlackandPaleswallow‐worts:

Ifpopulationsaresmall,diggingofplantsandrootmaterialcanbeeffective,butisdifficultandallmaterialmustberemovedfromthesite.Glyphosatecanbeeffectiveagainstswallow‐worts,butmustbeappliedtwiceinaseason,firstinJunethenagaininAugust.Whenusingglyphosate,asurfactantisrequired.Triclopyrcanalsobeusedasafoliarapplicationoncepergrowingseason,andhastheadvantageofonlytargetingbroadleafplants.

Follow-up Visits Eachpopulationfound,documentedandpotentiallytreatedusingtheseprotocolsshouldbere‐visited,ataminimum,duringthefollowingfieldseason.Thepurposeofthesere‐visitsistocompleteanyre‐treatmentsaswellasevaluatetheefficacyofEDRRtreatments.Notonlyisthere‐treatingofpopulationsessentialtotheireradication,butevaluatingthesuccessoftreatmentsbetterestablishestreatmentprotocolsmovingforward.

Thesamedatasheetusedduringtheinitialtreatmentshouldbeusedagain.Checktheboxnextto“Follow‐upVisit”andindicatehowmanytimesthispopulationhasbeenvisited.Ifthisisnotknownleaveblank.Pleasemarkifthepopulationhasbeencompletelyeradicatedbycheckingtheappropriateboxunder“Abundance”.Portionsofthedatasheetareprovidedforcommentsinregardstothepriortreatmentanddetailsregardinganyfollow‐uptreatments.PopulationsneedtobevisiteduntileradicatedandnotpresentonsitefortwoconsecutivegrowingseasonsbeforebeingremovedfromtheEDRRdatabase.


149

Photosshouldbetakenofthesiteand/orpopulationduringallfollow‐upvisitsasdescribedaboveintheinitialtreatmentsection.Evenifthepopulationisdeadornolongerpresent,aphotoofthesiteoforiginalinfestationmustbetaken.

Data Management Acopyofthedatasheetandapplicablephotosshouldbeplacedhere:

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Plants\EDRRinthefoldercorrespondingtothepopulation.Ifanewpopulationanewfolderwillneedtobecreated.Followthenaming/orderingschemealreadyestablishedwhenaddingnewfolders.

Notifytheplantmonitoringspecialistsandappropriategasforesterofnewpopulationsviaemailincludingapplicablephotos.Pleaseseethenotificationsectionaboveforothernecessarycontacts.PlantmonitoringspecialistsareresponsiblefordataentryandcoordinationwiththeGISspecialist.


150

Figure5.17Decision‐MakingFlowchartforEDRRPopulations

Start

Isthisanisolatedpopulation?i.e.Itdidnotdirectlyseedfromanearbypre‐existingpopulationorseedsource.

No

Isthespeciesinquestionan“immediatethreat”species?(ImmediatethreatspeciesareMile‐a‐

minute,Poisonhemlock,Goatsrue,black

YesNo

Canallrequiredtreatmentsoverthecourseofthefield

seasonbecompletedinatotalofoneday’stimeorless?

NoDowehave/canweobtaintheresourcesrequiredtotreatthepopulationeffectively?

Yes

No

TREAT

Yes

Isthereanyevidencethepopulationwaspresentlastyearand/orestablished?Areany

deadstemspresentfromlastyear?

Yes

Willcontinuedtreatmentseradicatethepopulation? Yes

Yes

No

Hasthepopulationgonetoseed?

No

No

CanALLseedberemovedfromsite?

Yes Yes

No

TransfertoForestDistrict

Transfer to Forest DistrictTransfer to

Forest District

Pipeline ROW Monitoring

151

Chapter 6 Pipeline ROW Monitoring

Pipeline ROW Monitoring – Grassland Bird Nest Surveys

152

Grassland Bird Nest Surveys

Purpose Thedatacollectedwilldetermineuseofpipelineright‐of‐ways(ROW)asnestinghabitatbygrasslandbirds.ComparisonscanbemadebasedonmanagementpracticesoftheROWsuchasthemowingregime,seedmix,andROWwidth.ThehabitatdatacollectedateachendofthetransectcanbeusedasinputinanHSImodelfortheEasternMeadowlarkandBobwhitetodeterminehabitatsuitabilityforthesetwograsslandbirds.ThetransectsurveysmustbeconductedbetweenthefirstweekinJune–FirstweekinJuly.

Equipment Needs GPS Datasheet 6’longstick Laserrangefinder Robelpole String(4meterslong)

Procedures Locatetransectstartpoint(onechainfromanintersectingroad,stayingcenteredin

theROW)

GPSstartpoint(firstmilacreplot)

Collecthabitatdatautilizingamilacreplot(3.72’radiusaroundtheestablishedpoint)

Determinehowmuchofthemilacreplotiscoveredbythefollowingvegetationtypes.

o Totalherbaceouscoverpercentageo Percentgrasso Percentforbso Percentfernso Percentshrub(includingtreeseedlings)o Percentduff(mustbesoftballsizedtocount)o Percentbareground/mineralsoil(mustbesoftballsizedtocount)


153

Thepercentageestimateswillberecordedinthefollowingclasses;

Code Cover%oftheSpecies 10 100 9 >75,but<100 8 >50to75 7 >33to50 6 >25to33 5 >10to25 4 >5to10 3 1to5 2 <1 1 2or3plants

+ 1smallplant

Calculateaverageheightatmilacre;Determinethedominantvegetationandestimateandrecordtheaverageheightofthisvegetationininches

UsetheRobelpoletocollectvisualobstructiondata.ThegraduatedRobelpoleisplacedatthecenterofthemilacreandareadingistakeninfourdifferentdirections;o perpendiculartotheROWtothelefto perpendiculartotheROWtotherighto paralleltotheROWbacktothestartingpointo paralleltotheROWforwardtowardsthesurvey

Readingsaretakeninthefollowingmanner;

o Onepersonholdsthegraduatedpoleverticallyontheplotcentero Thesurveyorholdsthe1mpolefourmetersfromthegraduatedpoleinthe

appropriatedirectionandholdstheireyeatthetopofthepoleo Sightwiththeeyeonthepoletowardsthegraduatedpoleo Determinetheloweststripeonthegraduatedpolethatisnotcompletely

obscuredbyvegetationo Recordthemeasurementnumberrepresentingthisstripe

Next,StartTransect,6feetwideby726feetlong(0.1acre)o TransectshouldparallelpipelineROW,andbecenteredinROWo Recordthenumberofgrasslandnestsobservedontransecto Recordwhetherthenestissmallmammalorbirdo Recordhtofnest(inches)andhtofadjacentvegetation(inches)innotessection

Repeathabitatdatacollectionatthemidpointandendofthetransect


154

Ifmilacreplotfallsinanon‐vegetatedarea,offset15feetfromnon‐vegetatedareaintotheclosestvegetatedareaalongthetransect

Thefollowingpiecesofdatawillbeobtainedbythewildlifespecialistintheofficepriortoorafterthefielddataiscollected;o RecordROWwidth(FIMS)o Recordfrequencyofmowing(GasForester)o Recordtimingofmowing(GasForester)o RecordNative/Conventionalseedmix

Data Management Fornow,thedatashouldbecollectedandrecordedonpaperforms.Fieldpersonelshouldfiledatasheetsuntilrequestedbythewildlifespecialist.Thedatawillthenbeenteredintospreadsheets,andanalyzedtoevaluateROWconditionsasgrasslandbirdhabitat.

Pipeline ROW Monitoring – Pipeline ROW Vegetation Monitoring

155

Pipeline ROW Vegetation Monitoring

Purpose Currentrights‐of‐wayonstateforestlandaccountforapproximately3,000acresand760milesoflineardisturbance.TherecentShaleGasdevelopmenthasthepotentialtoadd104milesofadditionaldisturbance.Theserights‐of‐wayhavethepotentialtoprovideidealhabitatconditionsfortheestablishmentandfurtherspreadofinvasiveplantpopulationswithininteriorforestedlandscapes.Additionally,theright‐of‐waycouldactasavectorforfurthermovementofestablishedinvasivesoutsideoftheexistingcorridor.Areasofconcernthatintersectrights‐of‐wayinclude;streamcrossings,timbersales,burnedareas,road/trailcrossings,wetlandsandanyothersensitiveecosystems.Wewillrefertotheseareasas“hotspots”laterinthisdocument.Theinitialscopeofthisprotocolisthecurrentandfuturedisturbedareasofdevelopmentrelatedtoshalegasonstateforestlands.Duetothelimitedaccessandremotelocationsofsomeofthesecorridors,itisimportanttomonitorforinvasivepopulationsbeforetheyareabletoestablishaviablepopulationandspreadintostreamcrossings,wetlands,andothersensitivelandscapefeatures.

Equipment Needs TabletComputer/GPS ROWVegetationMonitoringDatasheet Camera FieldGuidesandIDmaterials Pencil D‐tapeorOtherMeasuringTape SnakeGaiters UTV,Trailer,andRadio(Optional)

Procedures ***BeforegoingafieldloadappropriateROWsegmentsandpointsonthetabletcomputerviapath“FIMS:P:\Layers‐GasProgram\Monitoring”

General Data Collection Recordthefollowinggeneralinformationonthedatasheet:

District#Recordthenumberoftheforestdistrictthepipelineislocatedin

Tract#RecordalloftheleasedtractnumbersthePipelineROWsurveywillencompass.Refertothe“TractID”fieldofthe“Draft_DCNR_OG_Ownership‐All”layerinArcPadtoviewleasedtractnumbers.Ifnoleasedtractsapply,recordas“N/A”.


156

ROWNameRecordthenameofthepipelinegivenbytheoperator(s)

SurveyorsRecordthelastnamesoftheindividualsperformingthepipelinesurvey

DateRecordthedate(s)thesurveyiscompleted

OperatorRecordthenameofthegascompany(s)associatedwiththepipeline.

Section Data Oncearight‐of‐wayhasbeenestablishedformonitoring,aGISlayerwillbecreatedwith0.25milesectionsoverlaidontotheROW.Allsectionswillbenumbered.

Usethetablettonavigatetothefirstsectionofthepipelinetobesurveyed.

Asurveycanbestartedatanysectionaslongasthesectionisproperlyidentifiedinthe“segmentID”fieldonthedatasheet.

Startingattheendofasection,thoroughlywalktheclearedpipelinearealookingforinvasivespecies.Wheninvasivespeciesarefoundtheyareaddedtothespecieslistforthat0.25milesection,aswellaspopulationsize(numberofplants),andappropriatevegetativestate.SelectedROWsectionscanbesurveyedonfootbyaminimumof3staffmembers.SpecialattentionshouldbepaidtotheoutermostedgesoftheROW,asthisiswherethelikelihoodofinvasivesbecomingestablishedishighest.However,theentirecrosssectionoftheROWshouldbethoroughlyexamined.

Ifahigh‐priorityspeciesisfound,surveyorswilldefertotheEDRRprotocol.

WhentheendoftheROWsectionhasbeenreached,thesurveyorswilltallyresultsfromallsurveyorsandrecord.

ThisprocesscanbeperformedusinganUTVifdesired,aslongastheentireROWisthoroughlyassessed.Asecondpassmaybeneededtocovertheentiresection.

Section Data Collection Species

Recordthenameofeachinvasivespeciesfoundinthesection


157

PopulationSizeEstimatethenumberofindividualinvasiveplantsencounteredinthesectionandcircletheappropriatecategory

VegetativeStateCircletheappropriatevegetativestateforthelatestvegetativestateobserved

AdjacentRoad?Indicateifastateforestroadisimmediatelyadjacentthesectionornot.IfYES,recordonthedatasheettheclassofroad(Z1,Z2,orZ3)andiftheroadisadjacentthesectionforitsentireorpartiallength.

GeneralSectionNotesRecordanysignificantinformationforthesection,suchaswildlifeencounteredwithinthesection

Hotspots AhotspotisadisturbancewithintheROWbeingsurveyed.Theseareashavehighpotentialtoharborinvasivesandcanincluderoads,trails,andstreams.Culvertswillnotbeconsideredhotspots,unlesstheyareassociatedwithastream/intermittentstream.Ifapplicable,asurveywillbeconductedateveryhotspotthatisperpendiculartotheROWcorridor.Surveyorswillwalk100’outthehotspotperpendiculartotheROWlookingforanyinvasivespecies.Thesedatawillberecordedatthebottomofthedatasheetforthe0.25section.

InvasivesfoundonhotspotsthatareparalleltotheROW,suchashikingtrailsanddeerfenceswillbeincludedandtalliedwiththeinvasivesfoundinthat0.25milesection.Besuretoindicatetheminthe“GeneralSectionNotes”onthedatasheettoaccountfor“inflated”populationsizes.

Hotspotareasthatarenormallycoveredinotherwalkaboutprotocolsareexcluded,butnotedinthe“GeneralSectionNotes”.

Hotspot Data Collection Type

Circletheappropriatedescriptionforthedisturbancebeingsurveyedo Roado Streamo Trailo Fenceo Other(Describe)


158

Species

Recordthenameofeachinvasiveplantspeciesencounteredinthehotspot

PopulationSizeEstimatethenumberofindividualinvasiveplantsencounteredonthehotspotandcircletheappropriatecategory

VegetativeStateRecordtheappropriatelatestvegetativestateforeachspeciesfound

o Vegetativeo Floweringo Fruiting/Seeding

Intensive Swath AnintensiveportionoftheROWsurveywillbeconductedonarandomlyselectedonemilesectionofthesurveylength.Therewillbefivepointssetatquartermileincrements,withinthatsection.TheintensivepointswillbeshownontheGISlayerforROWVegetationMonitoring.ThefivepointswillbeassignedalphabeticallettersAthroughE,with“A”correspondingtothelowestnumberedsectionintheintensiveportion.

Ateachintensivepoint,aonemeterwideswathperpendiculartothelengthoftheright‐of‐waywillbecarefullyexamined.

Intensive Swath Data Collection Recordthefollowinggeneralinformationonthedatasheetusingthe“NewROW”sectionforMarcelluspipelinesandthe“HistoricROW”sectionforpre‐existinggaspipelines,ifnoticeable.

SwathAlphabeticalCodeCircletheletterthatcorrespondstothepointbeingsurveyedbasedonthenumberofthesection

WidthRecordWidthoftheROWforthepipeline,tothenearestfoot(excludingadjacentdisturbedlocationssuchasroadsorloglandings)

SpeciesRecordthethreedominantplantspeciesfortheonemeterswath

PercentofCover


159

RecordthepercentagecoverclasscodesforeachthethreedominantspeciesofplantsusingtheDomin‐KrajinaCoverAbundanceScaleprovidedatthebottomofthedatasheet.

TotalVegetationCoverageRecordthetotalpercentageoftheswathcoveredbyvegetation

Additional Data Collection Whileconductingsurveys,thepresenceofwildlifeorerosionissuesshouldbenoted.Treeplantingsandthesuccessofthemalongwithmortalityandmaintenanceissueswithfencingshouldalsoberecorded.IfanyEDRRspeciesareencountered,followtheEDRRprocedureasappropriate.

Routine UTV Cleaning IftheUTVwasdriventhroughlargeinfestationsofinvasiveplantspecies,orismovingbetweendistricts,thesurveyorswillthoroughlycleanthevehicle,includingthetiresandundercarriagetoensureseedorothervegetativematerialsarenottransmittedacrossdistrictsortracts.

Quality Control Plantspecialistswillvisitasubsetofright‐of‐waysectionsvisitedbythemonitoringfieldcrewstoconduct“coldchecks”onvegetationdatacollected.ThespecialistwillrecollectthevegetationdatafromthesamelocationusingtheGIS/GPSdatacollectedattheinitialvisit.Acomparativeanalysiswillbeusedtodeterminethelevelofaccuracy,withafocusonspeciesidentificationsincethepercentcoverwillbedifficulttoduplicateduetospecificityoflocatingplotcenteronthequalitycontrolvisit.Inaddition,theplantspecialistswillconduct“hotchecks”onsitetodetermineifplotlocationproceduresarebeingfollowedanddatacollectedisaccurate.

Data Management PaperdatasheetswillbefiledintheMonitoringfilingcabinetuntilrequestedbytheplantspecialist.

Pipeline ROW Monitoring – Pipeline‐Stream Crossing Monitoring

160

Pipeline-Stream Crossing Monitoring

Purpose Pipelinecrossingsrepresentasignificantimpactonstreamsandriversinstateforests.Thepipelinecrossingsaretypicallyconstructedbyanopen‐cuttrenchacrossthestreamorbyhorizontaldirectionaldrilling(HDD)beneaththestream.Theopen‐cuttrenchrepresentsadirectimpactontheriparianvegetation,streambed,andwater.TheHDDcanaffectriparianvegetation,dependingonthedetailsoftheoperation,andcanaffectnearbywaterbodiesthroughtheoccurrenceofinadvertentreturns.PostConstructionStormwaterManagement(PCSM)BestManagementPractices(BMPs)areconstructedinordertoensurethatconstructionactivitiesdonotimpactreceivingwaterswitherosionandsedimentationforthelifeoftheproject.Throughthismonitoringeffort,wewillbeabletodeterminethesuccessofinstalledBMPsthroughtime.Wewillalsobeabletomakerecommendationstoimproveguidelinesandvegetativespeciesplantinglistsinregardstoerosionandsedimentationcontrol.

ThisprotocolhasbeendesignedtoprovideanefficientmeanstocharacterizeandassessforeststreamcrossingsbypipelinesonStateForestlands.Itisourassumptionthatfollowingconstructionandsiterehabilitationmanyofthesestreamcrossingsiteswillremainfairlystable,thuseliminatingtheneedforanexhaustiveassessmentofeverysite.However,itisimportanttoevaluatethesesitesandidentify“at‐risk”or“impacted”streamcrossingsthatrequirefollow‐upbythedistrictand/oroperators.

Equipment Needs Clipboardandpencil Measuringtape(logger’s100’tape) clinometer digitalcamera GPSunit InfrastructureMonitoringPipelineCrossingDatasheet

Procedures Forthepurposesofthisprotocol,the“centerpoint”isthecenteroftheintersectionbetweentheright‐of‐way(ROW)andthestream.“Leftbank”and“rightbank”aredeterminedasonefacesdownstream.Usefulacronymsareincludedatthetopofthedatasheets.

OnceonsiterecordtheDistrict#,Tract#,Operator(onthelease),ROWcrossingID#(obtainedfromthecrossing’sattributesinFIMS),Surveyors,andtheDateatthetopofthedatasheet

Alsorecordifapre‐existing(historical)ROWwaspresentANDifanysyntheticmattingcanbeseenanywhereinthestudyarea


161

ROW Measurements ROWwidthmeasurementswillbetakenwithalogger’stapeorothersuitabledevicemeasuredtothenearestwholefoot.Thesemeasurementswillbetaken25feetfromthestreambankonBOTHtheleftandrightsidesofthestream.

MeasurethetotalROWwidthandtemporaryworkspacewidthifadeferentialdeterminationcanbemadeinthefieldbetweenthetemporaryandpermanentROW.Ifadeterminationbetweentemporaryandpermanentwidthcannotbemade,noteonthefieldsheetinthetemporarywidthblock“unknown”.

ThepermanentROWistheareamaintainedinherbaceouscoverforthelifeoftheROWeitherthroughcuttingorherbicideapplication.ThetemporaryROWistheareathatwasusedasaworkspaceduringthepipelineconstruction,anditwillbeallowedtorecoverwithtreeandshrubspecies.Overtime,thismeasurementwillbecomemoredefinedasthetemporaryworkspaceisreclaimedwithtreeandshrubspecies.Ifthereistemporaryright‐of‐wayoneachsideclosesttotheundisturbedforestandpermanentROWinthemiddle,thesetwotemporaryROWsidesmaybesummed.

Ifthereisanexisting(historical)ROWwherethenewROWisco‐located,thewidthsofthehistoricalROWshouldbeaddedtothe“TemporaryROW”dependingonvegetationcompositionandinferredmaintenancehistory.IfmaintainedinherbaceouscoverlikethenewpipelineROW,simplyincludewiththe“TotalROW”anddonotaddto“TemporaryROW”measurements.

Slope Measurements Theslope(%)ofBOTHsidesofthepipelinewillbemeasuredintwowaysusingaclinometer.

First,measurethepercentslopefromthecenterpointtoapoint25feetfromthestreambankandrecordonthedatasheet

Next,measurethepercentslope,alongthesamebearing,fromthecenterpointtotheendofastraightline‐of‐sightandrecordonthedatasheet

Ifthestreamistoodeep,thesemeasurementscanbemadefromthestreambank.

Photo-Documentation Eightphotographswillbetakenfromthecenterpointofthestream‐pipelineintersection.Thephotographswillbe:upstream,downstream,leftbankupstream,leftbankROW,leftbankdownstream,rightbankdownstream,rightbankROW,rightbankupstream.Generally,theseshouldbelandscape‐typephotos,notzoomed‐inattheportionofthestreambank.


162

Inaddition,anynotablefeatureswillbephotographedandcommentedonindetail,suchaserodingbanks,failingPCSMstructures,unsuccessfulre‐vegetation,oralgaeinthestream.Ifneeded,extraspaceonthedatasheetisprovidedtonumberphotostofacilitatethematchingandnamingofphotoslaterwhendownloading.

Bank Assessment Thestructureofeachbankareawillberecordedbasedonthecompositionobserved.Whenevaluatingthesestreambankareas,surveyorswillonlyconsidertoapoint~25ftupstream/downstreamoftheROWcorridorandtheareafromthesurfaceofthestreamorstreambottomtothepointatwhichtheslopechangesfromverticaltohorizontal.Thisistypicallyonlyafewfeetupfromthestreamitself. CategorizeeachbankareaasRockArmored,ErosionControlMaterials(mat,

sock,etc),NonE&SVegetation(anyvegetationthatisnotanE&Splanting),E&SVegetation,DenseRootCoverage(mayormaynotbeundercut),ExposedBankwithlittleornorootcoverage,orOther.Thenumbercodecorrespondingwiththecategoryshouldberecordedonthedatasheet.

If“other”ischosen,pleasespecifywhatconditionsarepresentatthatlocation.Morethanonecategorycanbeselectedforeacharea.

Inaddition,foreachbankareathatiscategorizedaseither“NonE&SVegetation”(3),or“E&SVegetation”(4),evaluatethecoverage/successofthevegetationincloseproximitytothestreamasGood(A),Moderate(B),orPoor(C).Forexample,abankareathatwasseededandisnearly100%coveredwithverylittlebaregroundwouldberecordedas“4A”intheblanknexttotheappropriatebankarea.

Erosion Survey RecordthetypeoferosionobservedateachbankareaasNoneobserved,sheet,

rill/gulley,orbank/sloughing.Thenumbercodecorrespondingwiththeerosiontypeshouldberecordedonthedatasheet.

Sheet →occurswhenwater lowsalongthesoilsurfacecausingerosionordepositionalongthatsurface.Thismaybeevidentwhereerosioncontrolmattinghasbeenwasheddownslopeorvegetationhasbeenwornaway.

Rill/Gulley →erosionoccurswhenwaterbeginstoconcentrateinsmallorlargechannels,causinganincisioninthesoilsurface.

Bank/Sloughing →erosionoccursalongexposedbanksandmaybeevidentfromsloughingofthesoilintothestreamorasfreshlyexposedsoilsurfacealongthebanks.


163

Theseverityoftheerosionateachbankareashouldalsoberecorded:Light,

ModerateorSevere.Thelettercorrespondingtoeachseverityshouldberecordedonthedatasheetintheappropriatebankarea.

Ifamaterialhasbeenhauledintolinethechannelbottom,thenthisshouldbeindicatedinthecommentssectionatthebottomofthedatasheet.

Quality Control Nolessthantwiceperfieldseason,apipelinestreamcrossingmonitoringeventwillbeobservedbyaVegetationSpecialistandInfrastructureSpecialist,whowillverifythatthemethodisbeingimplementedaccordingtothisprocedure.

Data Management Paperdatasheetsshouldbescannedandfiledatthefollowinglocation:

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\PipelineStreamCrossings

Allapplicablephotosshouldbedownloadedandplacedintheappropriatefolderattheabovelocation

Social Monitoring

164

Chapter 7 Social Monitoring

Social Monitoring‐Sound Monitoring

165

Sound Monitoring

Purpose TheguidelinesforoilandgasrelatedactivityonStateForestLandsrecommendthattheoperatingnoiselevelofcompressorstationsshallnotexceed55db(A)Ldnatanydistancegreaterthan100yards(300feet)fromanyinfrastructureonthepadthatiscapableofproducingnoise.Soundmonitoringisconductedbythemonitoringstaffatcompressorsites,permanentwellpadvegetationassessmentsites,andothersitesonStateForestLandasscheduledbytheSocialMonitoringSpecialistorasrequestedbydistrictpersonnelandotherstakeholders.

Equipment Needs InfrastructureExtechSoundLevelMeter,ModelHD600(SLM) USBcable SoftwareCD 9Vbattery LaserRangeFinder GPS DigitalCamera Tablet&Pen

Calibration AttachtheModelHD600SoundLevelMetertotheSoundLevelCalibrator.This

isdonebyremovingthefoamwindscreenandinsertingtheSLMintothecalibrator.

Turnonthepowertobothdevices.

SETUP:UsetheA/Cbuttontoselectdb(A),theFAST/SLOWbuttontoselectslow,andtheLEVELbuttontoselect30–130.

ThisiswhatwesettheSLMtowhencollectingdata.

TheSLMshouldread94.0db(A).Ifitdoesnot(whichitisnormallyoffbyafewtenths)usethesmallflatheadscrewdrivertoturnthesetscrewontheSLMuntilitreads94.0db(A).(Clockwisetoincrease,andCounterClockwisetodecreasedb(A)).

OncetheSLMissetto94.0db(A)unhookandturnthepoweroffonbothdevices.

FillouttheSoundMonitorCalibrationforminRPI_RAIDintheCompressors

Folderand“SaveAs”SoundMonitorCalibration.yyyymmdd.xlsx.


166

Deployment

Developed Site BesuretohavethefoamwindscreenontheSLMfordeployment.

Checktheweatheronlinebeforegoingafielddonotdeployifwindspeedsare

greaterthan15mphorifthereisagreaterthan30%chanceofrain.Sincethesefactorswilldistortthedata.

Installanew9Vbatteryforeachdeployment.Ifnotthepowerwilldieduring

theconsecutivedeploymentandallofthedatawillbelost. FollowinstructionsintheEXTECHuser’sguidesuppliedintheplasticcarrying

casetosetthetimeanddate. TurnthepoweronandfollowthestepsforSETUPaboveinCalibration. Walkacompletelaparoundtheperimeter,periodicallyusingthelaserrange

finder,tryingtokeepadistanceof100yards.Continuouslymonitorthedb(A)levelonthedisplayscreenwhilewalkingtheperimeter.

ReturntowheretheSLMdisplayedthehighestdb(A)reading.Trytostayaway

fromroadsoranynoisesourceotherthanthecompressorthatmaydistortthedata.

SelectatreetoplacetheSLMon,usethelaserrangefindertomakesurethe

locationis100yardsorgreater.UsethestrapandinstalltheSLMontoatreeatearlevelheight(ifthereisnotreeavailable,improviseandmakesomethingtomounttheSLMto).

TakeaGPSpoint. Take2photosoftheSLMplacement(trytocaptureidentifyingfeaturesofthe

placementsiteinthephotossotheexactsamesitecanbeusedforredeployments).Takeatleastonephotowithanangletoincludethecompressorinthebackgroundofthephoto.

Inanotebookwritedownthedate,compressorandtract#,distance,andtime

deployedsotheSLMcanberetrieved24hourslater.AlsotakeanynotesthatcouldbeimportantfortheSocialMonitoringSpecialistthatcouldexplainothernoisesbeingrecordedbytheSLM(e.g.Heavyequipmentbeingoperatedatthesite,snowmobilesridingby,etc.).


167

Ifrecordingambientnoiselevelsofasitebeforeacompressorisbuiltandthereisapadpresent,deploytheSLM100yardsfromtheedgeofapad.

TosetupandstartrecordingproceedtoSetupforRecordingsectionbelow.

Undeveloped Site Whencollectingambientnoiselevelsatsitesthatdonotyethavepadsbuilt,followthesameproceduresoutlinedforadevelopedsitewiththefollowingdeviations:

WhenthereisnotapadpresenttheSocialMonitoringSpecialistwillsendamap

oftheproposedsitewheretheambientnoiselevelistoberecorded. ForambientnoiselevelrecordingsphotosandGPSpointsarenotrequired.

Sincetheselocationswillmostlikelynotbereusedafterthesiteisdevelopedandthecompressorisbuilt.

Setup for Recording WiththeSLMturnedoff,pressandholdtheLIGHTBULBandpressthepower

button(simultaneously).“0001”and“Int”willappearonthedisplayscreen.UsetheLEVELbuttonandsettheSLMto“0015”.PressHOLDtosaveintervalsettingsandreturntothemaindisplayscreen.FollowSETUPstepsaboveinCalibration.

PresstheRECbuttontostartrecordingandwalkawaytryingnottomakeany

unnecessarynoise.

Retrieval Forundevelopedanddevelopedcompressorstations;24hourslater,returnto

theSLMandpressRECtostoprecording.Forpermanentwellpadvegetationassessmentsites;retrievewhenthepermanentwellpadvegetationassessmentiscomplete

PressthepowerbuttontopowerofftheSLM.

ReturntothevehicleandplacetheSLMintheplasticcarryingcase.

Software Communications UseacomputerthathastheCP210Xdriverinstalledonitordownloadfromthe

internet.(https://www.silabs.com/support/pages/support.aspx?ProductFamily=USB+to+UART)

UseacomputerwiththeHD600discalreadyinstalledonitorloaditfromthe

discprovidedintheplasticcarryingcase.


168

ConnecttheSLMtothecomputerusingtheprovidedUSBcablefromtheplasticcarryingcase.

LaunchtheHD600application. TurnthepowerontoSLMandpresstheSETUPbuttontoestablish

communication. Ifthedatadoesnotappearonthescreen,communicationisnotestablished.If

so,selecttheCOMportwhichhastheCP210Xdriverinstalled.(Datawillappearonthecomputerscreenwhencommunicationisestablished).

Process Recorded Data ClickDatalogger(D) DoubleclicktheDATETIMEforthedatayouwanttoview/export/save. ClickexporttoExcel(E) FilethedataasaccordingtotheFileManagementAppendix. DownloadthephotosoftheSLMplacementalongwiththeDatafile.Thefiles

shouldbenamedusingtheformat“Tract#_Compressorpad“(e.g.289_Comp_P#.JPG).

Clearing Data Afterallthestepsfromabovehavebeenfollowedyoucanclearthestored

readingfromtheSLMtoreadyitforthenextdeployment.

WiththeSLMturnedoff.PressandholdtheRECbuttonandpressthepowerbutton.

When“CLR”appearsonthedisplayscreenreleasetheRECbutton

AllofthereadingsthatwerestoredontheSLMarenowerased.

Additional Data Management EnterdataintotheCompressorSounddatabaseat

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\SoundMonitoring.

Openthedatabaseandfilloutallheaderinformation:o Tract#o InfrastructureI.D.(Atthistimethereisonlyonecompressorpertractand

theyarenamed“A”withtheexceptionofTract100whichhas“HagermansRun”and“BodineMtn”)

o Select“MeasureType”fromdropdowno Select“NoiseType”fromdropdowno Year


169

o LeafON/OFFo Notes

“SelectFile”fromfolder “Import”file Checktomakesurethefilewasinportedintothedatabase

Appendix A Supporting Documents

170

Chapter 8 Appendix A Supporting Documents

Appendix A Supporting Documents‐Observed Pollution or Suspected Pollution Events

171

Observed Pollution or Suspected Pollution Events

Introduction Monitoringfieldstaffshouldbealertatalltimesforpollutioneventsorsuspectedpollutionevents.Pollutioneventsmayvaryinnatureandseverity,butaregenerallydefinedastheunintendedreleaseofhazardous,regulated,orothersubstanceswiththepotentialtocausenegativeenvironmentaleffects.Examplesofsuchsubstancesaredieselfuelandotherpetroleumproducts,hydraulicfracturingfluidpreparedpriortowellinjection(frackfluid),chemicaladditivesforpreparingfrackfluid,flowbackwaterrecoveredfromthedrillingprocess,andotherbrinewatersusedduringdrillingoperations.Inaddition,inadvertentreturns(theunintentionaldischargeofdrillingmud,primarilywaterandbentonite)andmajorfailuresoferosionandsedimentationcontrolmeasures,whichpolluteorimminentlythreatentopolluteawaterbody,arealsoconsideredpollutionevents.Pollutioneventsmayoccuratapadsiteoratsomeancillaryfeaturerelatedtogasdevelopment,suchasacompressorstation,metersite,roadway,orpipeline.

Ifapollutioneventisdiscovered,thefirstconcernshouldbeforthesafetyofallinvolvedandthepublic.Appropriateactionsandnotificationsshouldproceedasdescribedbelow.

Observer Actions and Notifications Upondiscoveringapollutionevent,monitoringfieldstaffshouldpromptlyassesstheseverityofthepollutioneventtodetermineanypotentialsafetyissuesbeforefurtherinspectionordocumentation.Ifapollutioneventcausesanimminentsafetythreat,donotengageineventdocumentationandimmediatelynotifytheForestDistrict.Ifitisdeterminedthereisnoimmediatesafetythreat,followtheoutlinedprocedurefordocumentingtheobservedeventbelow.

Ifnoimminentsafetydangerexists,accessthesiteandphoto‐documentthepollutionevent.Includeevidenceoftheeventandanyinterimremedialmeasuresbeingtaken.

Beginfillingoutthe“PollutionEventDocumentationForm”todocumenttheevent.ThisformcanbefoundintheGuidelinesforAdministeringOilandGasActivityonStateForestLandsonpage81.

Assumingtheconditionsatthesitearesafe,andthestaffpresenthavebeentrainedinsamplingprotocolsandhavethepropersamplingcontainersorfieldmeters,takesamplesofsubstancesatthepollutionsiteandalongtransportpathways.

Uponreturningtotheoffice,promptlybrieftheMonitoringAssistantProgramManagerintheResourceInventoryandMonitoringSectionoftheobservations.

Appendix A Supporting Documents‐Observed Pollution or Suspected Pollution Events

172

IftheAssistantProgramManagerisunavailable,contacttheSectionChieffortheResourceInventoryandMonitoringSection.

Reviewandfinishfillingoutthe“PollutionEventDocumentationForm”ascompletelyaspossible.

Compileadditionalnotesandphotographssotheyarereadilyavailablefordistributionifrequested.

Resource Inventory and Monitoring Assistant Program Manager Roles Uponbeingnotifiedoftheobservations,theAssistantProgramManagerwillpromptlyreviewthedetailsoftheobservationandbeginthenotificationprocess.Thefirstcontactwillbemadetotheappropriatedistrictpointofcontact(POC)viatelephoneregardingtheobservationsandanyactionsthatweretaken.

TheBOFMineralssectionmaintainsthedistrictPOClist.

Thiswillbefollowed‐upwithane‐mailtodocumentthecall.CC’edonthee‐mailarethefollowing:

DistrictForester(unlessthisisthePOC). TheEcologicalProgramSpecialistforwatermonitoringintheBOFMinerals

Division(ifsampleswerecollected). TheProgramManagerfortheResourceInventoryandMonitoringSection. TheAssistantStateForester.

Follow-up Documentation and Monitoring Followingtheeventnotification,theResourceInventoryandMonitoringSectionwillprovideadditionaldocumentationandcoordinateadditionalmonitoringeffortsasrequested.

Appendix A Supporting Documents‐Disinfection of Didymo Infected Equipment

173

Disinfection of Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata) Infected Equipment

Purpose TheproperdisinfectionofequipmentusedinthemonitoringofriparianareasknownorsuspectedtohaveDidymoisprudenttopreventthespreadofthisdiatom.Didymoonlyrequiresonecelltoreestablishitselfinanotherfreshwaterstreamandcansurviveoutsideastreaminacool,damp,darkenvironmentforupto40days.Itistheresponsibilityofmonitoringpersonneltoinsuretheyarenotspreadinganyinvasivespecieswhileperformingtheirwork.ThereareafewapprovedmethodsoftreatmenttoremoveDidymofromequipment.Choosethemostpracticaltreatmentforthesituationwhichwillnotadverselyaffectyourgear.

Equipment Needs

Bleaching Method: LargeRubbermaid‐typebin,or5gallonbucket Largestiffbristlebrush Spraybottle Graduatedcylinderormeasuringcup Bleach Taporstreamwater

Cleaning Agent Method: LargeRubbermaid‐typebin,or5gallonbucket Largestiffbristlebrush Measuringcup CleaningagentsuchasSimpleGreen,SnotOff,ordisinfectantssuchasFormula

409orFantastic(mustcontainthequaternaryammoniumcompoundalkyldimethylbenzylammoniumchloride)

Taporstreamwater

Procedures

Preparation Remember:DisinfectDidymoinfectedclothingandequipmentbefore

relocatingtheworksitetoanotherwaterbody,watershed,oranothersitewithinthesamewaterbody.

Check:Beforeleavinganinfestedriver,stream,orlake,checkitemsandleavedebrisatsite.(Anyobviousclumpsofalgae,hiddenclumpsofvegetation,mud,etc.)

Appendix A Supporting Documents‐Disinfection of Didymo Infected Equipment

174

Disinfection Methods OnlyequipmentthatismostlikelytoharborDidymoneedbedisinfected.Someequipment,suchastheYSIProPlusanddigitalcamerascanbeexcludedbecauseofthepotentialdamagetothefunctionalityoftheinstruments.Itemssuchasmuckboots,waders,oranyotherfootwearareALWAYStobedisinfected.Otheritemsmayormaynotbedisinfectedatthediscretionofthefieldstaff.Remember,hardened,non‐poroussurfacesdonotposeasmuchofaconcernassoft,poroussurfaces.

BleachingMethod:Inalargetoteor5gallonbucket,soakallsurfacesforatleastoneminutein2%householdbleach(2.5ozwithwateraddedtomakeonegallon.)Usealargestiffbristlebrushtoremovedebrisfromsurfaceswhilebeingsoaked.Inthefield,afterallsurfaceshavebeenscrubbedandsoaked,disposeofthesolutiononthegroundawayfromanywaterbody.Attheoffice,solutioncanbediscardeddownasinkdrain.

CleaningAgentMethod:Cleaningagentsshouldbedilutedforsoakingwith

twopartswatertoonepartdisinfectant.Forallmaterials,followlabelinstructionsandbesuretosoakequipmentforaminimumof10minutes.Usealargestiffbristlebrushtoremovedebrisfromsurfaceswhilebeingsoaked.Inthefield,afterallsurfaceshavebeenscrubbedandsoaked,disposeofthesolutiononthegroundawayfromanywaterbody.Attheoffice,solutioncanbediscardeddownasinkdrain.

DryingMethod:DryingwillkillDidymo.ToensureDidymocellsaredeadby

drying,theitemmustbecompletelydrytothetouch,insideandout,thenleftforatleastanother48hoursbeforeuse.

Whendisinfectingequipment,itisrecommendedyou:o Soakporousmaterialslongerthanthespecifiedtimestoensuresaturation

withsolutiono Followmanufacturer’sinstructionswhenusingproductso Useallcleaningproceduresondrylandawayfromwaterwayso Itispreferabletodrainusedsolutionsintotreatedwastewater(e.g.pour

downsinkdrain)

Appendix A Supporting Documents‐Preparing Grab Samples for Courier Pickup

175

Preparing Grab Samples for Courier Pickup

Purpose GrabsamplestakenmustbeproperlycaredforpriortoshipmenttoDEPBureauofLabs.ArrangementsmustbemadeinadvanceforQuickCourierServicetopickupanddeliverthesamplestothelab.Propercareandtimelyshipmentareessentialinretainingsamplequality.

Equipment Needs Papertowels Bubblewrapprotectors(fororganics) Cooler Ice OnegallonZiplocbags Clearpackagingtape DEPLab–MultipleSampleSubmissionSheet Inkpen QuickCourierticket

Procedures

Arranging for Quick Courier Pickup CalltheQuickCouriertoarrangeforsamplepickuponedaypriortosamplingorthedayofsampling,priorto10:00AM.TheQuickCouriernumberis1‐800‐355‐1004.Usetheinformationbelowtodirectthecourierandobtainaconfirmationnumberfortransport.Itisimportanttouse“BureauofForestryBuilding”forthelocation.QuickCourierhasusfiledunderthistitleandbrokendownbyaddress.

CallInformation:

Requesttohavecooler(s)pickedup GrabSamplingCodePA‐DEP69(notWestNile) PickupLocation–BureauofForestrybuildinginWaterville Address–10LowerPineBottom,Waterville,PA17776 Time–after4:30PM Givenumberofcoolers RecordconfirmationnumberonDEP‐BureauofLabs,QuickCourierService

Ticket.Theticketwillbesecuredtothetopofthecoolerwhenreadyforpickup.Asamplecopyoftheticketisshownattheendofthisprocedure(Figure8.1).


176

Completing the DEP Sample Submission Sheet *SampleSubmissionSheetsshouldbefilledoutwithblueorblackinkpenfordemonstratingproperchainofcustody.

o ThetopofthesamplesubmissionformshouldbecompletedwiththecollectorIDnumber,ReasonCode(01forRoutineSampling),CostCenter(035forBureauofForestry)andProgramCode(0021forBureauofForestry).

o Therowshouldincludethesequencenumber,date,time(inmilitaryformat),samplelocation(streamname),andSACcode.

Twobottlescanbewrittenonthesamerowsolongastheysharethesamesequence#,andSACcode.

o Thetotalnumberofinorganic(plastic)andorganic(glass)bottlesshouldbeenteredintheboxes.Nutrientsbottlesgetmarkedas“#ofN/P”.

o Thesamplecollectornameandphonenumbershouldbeadded.

o Check“CommercialCourier”forshippingmethod,unlesshanddelivering.

o Thechainofcustodylinefor“RelinquishedbySampleCollector”shouldbefilledoutattheendofthedaywhenthecooleriseitherleftforthecourierordroppedoffatthelab.

o Asamplecopycanbefoundattheendofthisprocedure(Figure8.2).

Preparing Bottles for Transport Bottlecapsshouldbetighttopreventcontamination/spillage

Putall40mLglassbottlesusedfororganicsinabubblewrapprotector,if

applicable

PlaceallsamplebottlesinaZiplocbagtopreventcross‐contaminationfrommelted“dirty”ice

Packallsamplebottlesinthecooleramongstice,keepingthebottlesuprightifpossible.

Filltheremainingareaofthecoolerwithiceandreplacelid.


177

PreparingtheCoolerforPickup ThecompletedsamplesubmissionformshouldbeplacedinaZiplocbag.Fold

~1/2”oftheshortedgeoftheformtofitintheZiplocbag.

Placethebagontopofthesecuredcoolerlid.

SecuretheZiplocbagtothecoolertopusingtheclearpackagingtape.

Whentapingbeginseveralinchesbelowcoolerlidandbringthetapeupoverthebag,allowingslackoverthebag,andcontinuedowntheothersideofthecooler.Itisimportanttoleaveslacksothesubmissionformcaneasilyberemovedandreplacedwithoutremovingthetape.Twostripsshouldbesufficienttoholdthelidandsubmissionforminplace.Usemoreasneeded.

TapetheQuickCourierticketontopoftheZiplocbag.

PlacethecoolerinthevestibuleoftheResourceManagementCenter,onthe

righthandside,justbeforethesecondsetofdoors.Thecourierhasakeytotheouterdoor.

Figure8.1SampleQuickCourierticket


178

***NOTE:LegalSealNumber(s)filledinifapplicable

Figure8.2ExampleofacompletedDEPLabMultipleSampleSubmissionSheet

Appendix A Supporting Documents – How to Collect and Press Plants

179

How to Collect and Press Plants

Purpose Topreserveplantspecimensforfutureidentificationortobeusedasareferencespeciesinaherbarium.

Equipment Needs Clippers Shovel Plasticbag Plantpress Newspaperorblottingpapers Cardboard Writingimplement Water Papertowels PlantCollectionDataSheet Compass Clinometer Camera TypingManual(PADCNRBureauofForestry) Maskingtape

Collecting Ethics Beforeyoupickanypartofanyplantremembertoconsider:

Arethereenoughplantstojustifyyouraction?Ingeneral,followthe1in20rule

‐onlytakeoneifyoucansee20othergoodplantsofthesamekind.

Weeds,particularlynoxiousweeds,canbecollectedwithoutlimit,butminimizethedisruptionyoucause.Don'tleaveholesintheground.

Doyouhaveagoodreasonforkillingordamagingtheplant?Whetheritisagoodenoughreasonwillvarywithlocation.

Collection Procedure Thecollectionprocedureisusedforplantspeciesthatyouareunabletoidentifyinthefield,howeveryoufeelitcanbeidentifiedwithfurtherresearchattheoffice.Thepressingprocedurewillbeusedforunknownplantspeciesthatwillrequireadditionalassistance.


180

Selection Criteria GrassesandGrass‐likePlants:

Ifpossible,selectspecimenswithseedheadsfullyemergedfromthesheath.

Ifpossible,selectspecimensthatarestillgreenincludingtheseedhead.

Collectthewholeplant,whenpossible,includingagoodsampleoftheroots.

Besurethatrhizomesorstolonsareattachedtotheplantiftheyaretypicalforthatspecies.

ShrubsandOtherWoodyPlants:

Selectabranchabout12to14inchesinlengthandnotover10inchesinwidth.Thebranchshouldcontainasmanyidentifyingfeaturesaspossible(i.e.buds,leaves,seeds/fruitetc.).

Ifpossiblecollecttheplantwhenitisinbloom.

Itisoftenusefultoincludeasampleofboththecurrentyearsandtheolderbarkofwoodyplants.

Rootsoflargewoodyplantsshouldnotbedugupforcollection.

Sincesomeplantsbloominearlyspringandothersbloominthelatefall,youmaynotalwayshavethebest“state”ofaspecimenforI.D.purposes.Collectionatalaterdatemaybenecessaryifpossible.

Chooseplantspecimenscarefully.Selectone,orpreferablytwo,ofeachplant

speciestobecollected. Avoidplantsthatareoff‐color,grazed,over‐mature,diseasedorotherwisenot

normal.

Plant Extraction Ifaplantspecimencanbeidentifiedfromjustapiece(i.e.ashrub),simplyclip

andbagthebranchsection.

Ifaplantspecimenistoberemoved,digabout6inchesstraightdownaroundtheplant,about3inchesoutfromthestem.Carefullyliftoutthechunkofsod.If


181

thesoilisdry,shakethesoilgentlyfromtheroots.Ifthesoilismoist,usewatertowashawaythesoilfromtheroots.

Removeallsoilparticlesfromtheroots.Don'tbeafraidtowashtheroots

thoroughlyonalltheplantscollected.Infact,itmaytakemorethanonewashing.Excessmoistureafterwashingtherootscanberemovedbyfirmlypressingtheplantbetweenpapertowels.

Removetheexcessplantmaterialfromtheroots,stems,leavesandseedheads.Forexample,byremovingseveralstemsfromalargebunchgrassorshrub,itiseasiertocollectandbagaspecimen.Ifplantsareverylargeandbulky,collectasampleofthestem,leafarrangement,rootsandflowerorseedhead.

Takeseveralplasticbagswithyouwhencollectingplants.Puttheplant(s)inthebagwithafewdropsofwater(don'toverdoit),thensealthebagandthespecimenswillstayfresh.Thebagsshouldbekeptoutofdirectsunlight.Anotheroptionistomoistenapapertowelwithwaterandplaceitinthesealableplasticbag.Onlyputonekindofplantinabagandlabelthebagtomatchyourfieldnotes.

Whileatthesite,recordtheidentificationnumberinyourfieldnotes.Besurethatoncethespecimenisidentifieditcanbelinkedbacktothedata.Thiscanbedoneseveralwaysbutitisrecommendedtousethe“UNK’’speciescodefollowedbyasequentialnumber.

o Whenaspecimeniscollectedaspartofavegetativeprocedure,suchasa

milacreplot,simplymark“UNK#”intheappropriateplaceonthedatasheetandsomehowtagthebag/specimen.Maskingtapemaybeusefulforthis.Yourname,thedate,andlocationshouldalreadyberecordedonthedatasheetfortheprocedure.

o Ifthecollectedspecimenisnotpartofavegetativeprocedure,itisagood

ideatomarkthebag/specimenwithyourname,thedate,andlocationforlaterreference.

Pressing Procedure Thepressingprocedureisusedforunknownplantspecies,whichwillrequireadditionalassistanceforidentification.Theobjectiveistoquicklydrytheplantsunderfirmpressuretoretainplantcolorsandtheplantarrangement.Itisimportanttofollowthepressinginstructionsprecisely.Wellpreservedplantsaidintheidentificationprocessandmaybeusedasherbariummounts.Photodocumentationofthelivespecimenisrequiredbytheplantspecialist.


182

Photo Documentation Photographthewholeplantandanyuniqueidentifyingfeatures. Recordthephotonumbersontheplantcollectiondatasheet(Figure8.4).

Plant Extraction Haveyourpressreadytogobeforeyouextractaspecimen.Cutasupplyof

corrugatedcardboardsheetstofityourpress.Foldnewspaperlengthwisewithaboutaquarteroftheupperandloweredgesfoldedtowardthecenter.Thiswillhelpkeepyourspecimensfromslidingout(Figure8.3).Openthepressbyremovingtheratchetstraps.Fillthepressbyplacingalternatinglayersofthecardboardandthefoldednewspaper,beginningandendingwithasheetofcardboard.Althoughitisnotnecessary,blottersheetscanbeplacedbetweenthenewspaperandcardboardtospeedthedryingprocess.

Toremoveaplantfromthesoil,digabout6inchesstraightdownaroundtheplantabout3inchesoutfromthestem.Carefullyliftoutthechunkofsod.Ifthesoilisdry,shakethesoilgentlyfromtheroots.Ifthesoilismoist,usewatertowashawaythesoilfromtheroots.

Removeallsoilparticlesfromtheroots.Don'tbeafraidtowashtherootsthoroughlyonalltheplantscollected.Infact,itmaytakemorethanonewashing.Excessmoistureafterwashingtherootscanberemovedbyfirmlypressingtheplantbetweenpapertowels.

Removetheexcessplantmaterialfromtheroots,stems,leavesandseedheads.Forexample,byremovingseveralstemsfromalargebunchgrassorshrub,itiseasiertodry.Ifplantsareverylargeandbulky,collectasampleofthestem,leafarrangement,rootsandflowerorseedhead.

Plant Pressing

Presstheplantsimmediatelyafterextractingandcleaning.Onceaplantwilts,itwillnotmakeanattractivemount.


183

Figure8.3Newspaperlayout

Whenreadytopressaspecimen,flipopenafoldednewspaperlayerwithinthepresslayers.Iftheplantislessthan12incheslong,placeitinthefoldednewspaper.Arrangethestems,leaves,rootsandflowersexactlyasyouwantthemtoappearonthemount.Flowersshouldbepressedopen.Boththeupperandlowersurfacesofflowersandleavesshouldbedisplayed.

Iftheplantislongerthan12inches,itwillbenecessarytofoldtheplantinthe

shapeofaV,NorW(Figure8.3).Iftheplantisstilltoolarge,pressasampleofeachpart:stem,leaf,rootandflowerorseedhead.Forhard‐to‐handleplants,holditatthestembasefirmlyandslowlymovetheplantupanddownagainstthenewspaperafewtimes,stoppingwithanupwardstroke.Thiswillhelpseparateandstraightenoutthebranchesandleaves.

Holdtheplantinplaceandfoldtheupperandlowerpartsofthenewspaperovertheplant.Whileapplyingpressuretokeeptheplantinposition,writetheassignedplantvouchernumberontheedgeofthenewspaperwhereitisnoticeable[seeVoucher(#)in“CompletingthePlantCollectionDataSheet”sectionbelow].Placeacardboardlayerabovethenewspapercontainingyourspecimen.Replacethetoppressboardandreplacetheratchetstrapsperpendiculartothelongribsofthepress.Positionthestrapsapproximatelythreeinchesfromeachend.Pullthestrapstauntuntilthecontentsofthepressarefirmlycompressed.

Ifpossible,examinetheplantafterithasbeenpressedfor24hours.Thisisyourlastopportunitytodosomerearrangingwhiletheplantisstillflexible.Besurebothupperandlowerleafsurfacesshow.Changethenewspaperorblotterpapereverydayuntiltheplantisthoroughlydryasneeded.Rememberthatsucculent(fleshy)plantswilltakemuchlongertopress.


184

Plantscanberemovedfromthepressinsevento10days.Keeptheplantsinfoldednewspaperuntilyouarereadytogivetoaplantspecialistforassistanceinidentification.

Completing the Plant Collection Data Sheet Acompletedplantcollectiondatasheetmustbesubmittedwitheachpressed

plantspecimen.Thisformwillassisttheplantspecialistinidentificationofthespecies.Italsoidentifiesthepersonwhorequiresidentificationofthesubmittedspecimen.Foracompletedexampleoftheplantcollectiondatasheet,seeFigure8.4.AblankcopyisprovidedinAppendixB.

Afterpressingtheplantspecimen,recordthefollowinginformationinthefield

ontheplantcollectiondatasheet.

o DateofCollection‐Recordthedate

o Voucher(#)‐Recordyourinitialsfollowedbythesequentialnumberfor

yourpressedplants

o ForestDistrict‐Recordthedistrictnumberwherethespecimenwastaken

o Ecoregion‐Notapplicable

o Tract/Pad(#)‐RecordtheleasedtractnumberandpadID,ifapplicable

o PlotID‐Provideifapplicable

o PhotoNumber(s)‐Listthedigitalphotonumber(s),ifnotalreadydone

o Slope‐RefertothePercentSlopeinstructionsinthe“PlotData”sectionoftheOverstoryPlotProcedurefoundinthismanual

o Aspect‐RefertotheAspectinstructionsinthe“PlotData”sectionoftheOverstoryPlotProcedurefoundinthismanual

o AdjacentForestType‐RefertotheBOFtypingmanualandrecordtheplantcommunitytypethatbestrepresentsthestandthespecimenwastakenin

o PhysicalHabitat/Substrate‐Brieflydescribehabitat/soiltype

o Genus/SpeciesORBriefDescription‐Recordthegenusifknown,ifunknownleaveblankandgiveabriefdescriptionofthespecimen


185

o Add’lFieldNotes‐Recordanyuniquecircumstances

Figure8.4PlantCollectionDatasheet

Data Management Uponreturningtotheoffice,postyourphotosinRPIRAIDsotheycanbe

reviewedbythePlantSpecialist.

Navigateto\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\Plants\PlantPressSpecimensandcreateanewfolderandnameitwiththevouchernumber(e.g.VoucherLN1).

Moveyourphotosanddatasheettothecorrespondingfolder.

Givepressedspecimens,alongwithcorrespondingplantcollectiondatasheettotheplantspecialist(s)asrequested,orableto.

Ifcollected(bagged)specimenscannotbeidentifiedbyfieldpersonnelbackattheoffice,thentransfercontentstoaplantspecialistforidentification.Dependingontiming,anadditionalspecimenmayneedtobecollectedandpressedaccordingtothepressinginstructionswithinthisprocedure.

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Canopy Photo Software Procedure

186

Canopy Photo Software Procedure

Purpose Thisprocedureoutlinestheprocessofdeterminingthelevelofcanopycoverdocumentedinacanopyphototakenwithanasphericalfisheyelens.Thesoftwareusedforthisprocess(GapLightAnalyzerversion2.0)canbedownloadedfromtheinternetforfree.Itcanbefoundsimplybysearchingfor“gaplightanalyzer.”Thereisalsoamanualthatcoversthisprogram;alsoafreedownloadfromtheinternet.ThepurposeofthefollowingprocedureistoshowthewaythattheGasMonitoringfieldcrewsusethissoftware.

Equipment Needs ComputerinstalledwithGapLightAnalyzerversion2.0 Digitalcanopyphotostoanalyze DatasheetfortheWellPadVegetationAssessmentfortheappropriatepad

Procedures OpentheGapLightAnalyzerprogram Openthephotofilethatyouwanttoanalyze

o OpenImage–clickthe icono Navigatetotheimagefile

PhotosforthePermanentPadWildlifeAssessmentcanbefoundinthefollowingpath;RPI_RAID–Wildlife–PermanentPadCanopyPhotos

Makesuretosearchfor“OtherGraphics”intheFilesofTypefield

o Selectandopenthefileyouwanttoanalyze

Directionsforthenextstepcanbefoundatthebottomofthescreen(atthisstageintheprocessissays“RegisterImage”)

RegisterImage

o Clickthe icon

Photosaretakenwiththebottomofthecamerafacingnorth,sonorthwillbeatthebottomoftheimageandsouthatthetop.


187

o Clickjustinsidetheedgeoftheimageatthemiddleofthescreenatthenorthside

o DragthecursortothemiddleofthesouthfacingsideandreleasethemouseThisdrawsacircleontheimage

o Ifyoulikethecircleyoudrew,click“OK”intheImageRegistrationboxThismakestheimageasquarearoundthecircleandbringstwocopiesoftheimageuponthescreen

Thresholdtheimage

o Clickthe icon

ThismakestheWorkingImageblackandwhitewhiletheregisteredimagestaysincolor.Thisgivesyouareferencepicturetocomparethetwoimages.Thesoftwareassignsavalueofeachpixelofthecolorimage;darkcolorsalownumberandlightcolorsahighnumberandmakesthehighvalueswhite(sky)andthelowvaluesblack(canopy).

o Visuallycomparethetwoimagesandaskyourself,“Istheskyrepresentedaswhiteandthecanopyrepresentedasblackintheworkingimage?”

Ifyoudonotliketheworkingimagerepresentation,dragtheslidingbarintheThresholdboxonewayoranother.Thischangesthedefinitionofwhatisskyandwhatiscanopy.Shiftingthebarwillmakemoreofthephotoskyormoreofthephotocanopy.Makesurethetwoimagesagreeastowhatiswhat.Thedefaultvalueof128isusuallyagoodrepresentationanditisnotusuallynecessarytomonkeywiththevalues.

Thesunwillputabrightspotonthecanopypartoftheimageandthiscan’tbefixedbychangingthevalues.Itisbestnottotakecanopyphotoswhenthesunisinthephoto!

o Click“Ok”whenyouarehappywiththeimage RunCalculations

o Clickthe icono ACalculationsboxpopsup,click“Calculate”o Lookatthevaluefor“%CanopyOpenness”o Takethisnumberandsubtractitfrom100%togetthepercentageofthe

canopythatisclosed.


188

o RecordthisnewvalueinthedatasheetfortheWellPadVegetationAssessmentinthe“CanopyCover”fieldfortheappropriateplotintheWildlifeHabitatsection.

Data Management RefertotheWellPadWildlifeHabitatAssessmentprotocolfordatamanagementinstructions.

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Checking In/Checking Out Data for ArcPad

189

Checking In/Checking Out Data for ArcPad

Purpose/Background ArcMap/ArcPadallowsyouto“checkout”datafromArcMapfeatureclasses.ThesecheckedoutfeaturescanbeeditedinthefieldusingArcPadandthencheckedbackintotheArcMapfeaturesclasses.Whenthedataischeckedbackin,ArcMaplooksfornewfeaturesandfeaturesthathavebeenedited.Thenewfeaturesareaddedtothefeatureclassandfeaturesthathavebeenchangedoverwritethepreviousversionofthefeature.

Thisallsoundsgreatbuttherearesomethingsweneedtowatchoutfor:

ArcPaddoesnotcheckfortopologicalcorrectness.ThefeaturecreatedoreditedinArcPadmayoverlapwithanexistingfeaturethatit’snotsupposedto.Thenewfeaturemayalsohavegapsbetweenitandanexistingfeaturethatarenotsupposedtoexist.Eitherway,weneedtoinspecteachnewfeaturethatischeckedbackintoArcMaptomakesuretopologyrulesarenotbeingviolated.

ArcPadcheck‐inis“lastoneinwins”.Inotherwords,twopeoplemayusethesamechecked‐outdata.ThefirstpersonmayeditfeatureAandthencheckitbackin.ThesecondpersonmayopentheattributesinfeatureAwhileeditedinArcPadandnotmakeanyedits.ArcPadnotesthatthesecondpersonopenedtheattributetableineditmode.Itmarksthefeatureasbeingedited.Thesecondpersonthenchecksintheircopyofthedata(afterthefirstperson).ArcPad/ArcMapcopiesthemarkedfeaturebackintotheArcMapfeatureclass.Theeditsmadebythefirstpersonareoverwritten(lost).

OnceeditsarecheckedinArcMap,theycannotbecheckedinagain.Inthecaseabove,thefirstpersoncannotchecktheirdatabackinagaintorecoverthelostedits.Theremaybesomewaystoworkaroundthisbutitisveryinconvenientandtheerrormaynotbecaught.

It’ssafertocheckdataintoachild“version”ofthedatabaseratherthanthe“default”version.Anyeditscanbecheckedforcorrectnessbeforewritingthemtothedefaultversion.A“version”actslikeacopyofthedatabase.

“Checking Out” Data for ArcPad 1. OpenFIMS2. Adddatathatyouwanttocheckout.3. Zoomtoextentofdatayouwanttocheckout.4. Ifyouonlywanttocheck‐outcertainfeatures,useoneoftheselecttoolstoselect

themnow.5. Thereareseveral“versions”oftheOGITdatabase.MostArcPadrelatedworkcanbe

doneinthe“ArcPad_QA_QC”version.6. ChangetheversiontoArcPad_QA_QCby:


190

a. Goingtothe“ListbySource”tabforthefeatureyouwanttocheckoutinthe

tableofcontents. b. Rightclickonthesource(inthiscase‐dbo.Default)c. Clickon“ChangeVersion”d. Clickon“ArcPad_QA_QC”andclick“OK”.

7. Gotothe“ArcPadDataManager”toolbar.

a. Clickonthe“GetDataforArcPad”button.

b. Forthelayersyouwanttocheckout:

i. Under“Action”‐clickon“donotexport”.Adropdownlistwillappear.

ii. Select“CheckOutfordisconnectededitinginArcPad”‐>”Databasedondefinedextent”

iii. Themenuwillnowlooklike:


191

iv. Ifyouhaveacustomizedform,clickthecheckboxtotheright.Awindowwillpopupwhereyoucanselecttheaxffilewiththecustomizedform.Onceyouselecttheaxffile,anotherboxwillpopupwhereyouselectthelayerassociatedwiththeform.Selectthelayerandclick“OK”.SeeJohnBrodnickiifyouplantouseacustomizedforminchecked‐outdata.

c. Click“Next”;thenclick“Next”again.d. Youarenowatthe“GetDataforArcPad‐SelectOutputOptions”window.

i. ii. Under“SpatialExtent”selectthecurrentdisplayextentortheentire

extentofthedata.iii. Youwillprobablywanttomakesurethe“Onlygetfeaturesspecified

inthelayer’sdefinition”and“Onlygetfieldsspecifiedasvisibleinlayer’sproperties”arechecked.Ifyoureallywanttolimitthecheck‐outtocertainfeatures,use“Onlygetselectedfeatures”‐Youhavetoselectthefeaturesbeforeopeningthe“GetDataforArcPad”dialog.

iv. Givethecheck‐outfolderameaningfulname.v. Selectthefolderwhereyouwantthechecked‐outdatatobesaved.

Youcansaveitonthe“O”driveorputyourflashcardinyourcomputerandsavethefolderdirectlytoyourflashcard.

vi. IfyouwantanArcPad“map”,enterthenameandcheckthebox.vii. Donotencryptthedata.viii. Makesurethe“Validatefeatureclassesbeforecheckingout”boxis

checked.Ifthecheck‐outfailsbecauseofthevalidation,figureoutwhyandthendecidewhethertocheck‐outthedatawithoutvalidationorfixtheproblembeforeyoucheckitout(fixingitfirstisthepreferredchoice!).

ix. Click“Next”


192

e. Makesure“CreatetheArcPaddataonthiscomputernow”buttonischecked.

f. Click“Finish”

8. Itwilltakeseveralminutestocheck‐outthedata.Afterit’sdone,openitinArcPadtomakesuretherearen’tanyproblems.

“Checking In” Data for ArcPad 1. OpenArcMap.2. Addthefeatureclassyouwillbecheckingdatainto.3. Changetheversionto“ArcPad_QA_QC”‐seestep6above.4. Startaneditsession.5. CopytheArcPadaxffilewiththeeditstoyourfolderonthe“O”driveorinsertyour

flashcardinyourcomputer.6. Clickthe“GetDatafromArcPad”buttononthe“ArcPadDataManger”toolbar.

a. Clickthebuttonwiththegreenplussign. b. Navigatetothefolderwiththeaxffileandselectthefile.c. Theformwillbeautomaticallyfilledin.

i. Makesurethesourceandversionmatchthedatayouaddedto

ArcMap.


193

ii. Theformwillshowhowmanynewfeatureswerecreatedandhowmanyexistingfeaturewereedited.Ifthesedon’tlookright,makesureyouhavetherightaxffileselected!

iii. Checkthefeatureclassesandtablesthatyouwanttocheck‐in.Relatedtableswitheditswillautomaticallybechecked‐iniftheparentfeatureischecked‐in.

iv. Click“Check‐in”.v. Thiswilltakeafewminutes.Aboxwilleventuallypopupsaying

whetheritwassuccessfulorwhaterrorsoccurred.

“Reconcile and Post” Edits Thedatahasnowbeenchecked‐intotheArcPad_QA_QCversion.Younowneedtomakesurethedataisokayandthenmoveituptothe“default”versionthateveryoneuses.

1. FindyourneworeditedfeaturesinArcMap.Check:a. Topology‐Arepads,roads,pipelinesstillonLOC?Ifnot,adjusttheLOCor

correctthefeatureyoujustchecked‐in.b. Makesuretherearen’tanygapsoroverlapswherethereshouldn’tbeany.c. Lookforanyglaringerrorsintheattributes.Somefeatureshaveauto‐

populatedfieldsfordistrictnumber,township,etc.Iftheseweren’tauto‐calculatedduringthecheck‐in,youcanmakeaminoreditintheattributes(typeinadistrictnumber‐evenifit’swrong)andthecodeshouldruntoauto‐populatethem.

d. Whendone,saveyouredits.2. Addthe“Versioning”toolbartoArcMapifitisn’talreadythere.

3. Clickthe“Reconcile”button. Thiswritesanychangesinthe“default”versiontothe“ArcPad_QA_QC”version.Ifthereareconflicts,youwillprobablywanttousethetarget(ArcPad_QA_QC)versiontoreconcilethedifferences.Thismayormaynotbethebestoption.Ifsomeonehasmadeorpostededitstothe“default”versionsinceyoucheckedoutdata,youmaywanttousethe“default”versiontoreconciledifferences.SeeJohnBrodnickiifyouhavequestions.

4. Younowneedto“post”youreditstothe“default”version.The“post”buttonshouldnolongerbegrayedoutsinceyouhavedoneareconcile.

a. Clickthe“post”button.b. Youshouldn’treceiveanyconflictnotifications.Ifyoudo,trytoseewhy.Get

helpifindoubt.

Youreditshavenowbeenchecked‐in.Youwroteyoureditstothe“ArcPad_QA_QC”version,checkedthemforerrorsandthenmovedtheeditsintothe“default”versionthateveryoneelseuses.Saveyoureditsandstopediting.


194

RemembertochangetheversioninArcMapbackto“default”ifyouaregoingtodoanyadditionaleditinginArcMap.It’smuchsafertocheck‐outanewcopyofthedataifyouaregoingbackinthefieldtocollectmoreinformationratherthanusingyouroldaxffileagain.

Thenewcopywillhaveanyeditsmadebyotherusers.Remembertoaskforhelpifyouhaveanyquestionsordoubtsaboutwhatyou’redoing.Thestepsdescribedhereareprettycomplexbuttheyhelpinsurethatwedon’timportjunkintotheversionofthedatausedbytheentireMonitoringprogram.

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Species Codes ‐ All

195

Species Codes – All Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName Origin

F130 Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair NATIVEF110 Asplenium platyneuron Ebony spleenwort NATIVEF105 Athyrium filix-femina Lady fern NATIVEF115 Athyrium thelypteroides Silvery spleenwort NATIVEF142 Botrychium spp. Grape fern species NATIVEF140 Botrychium virginianum Rattlesnake fern NATIVEF150 Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fern NATIVEF060 Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented Fern NATIVEF010 Dryopteris marginalis Marginal wood fern NATIVEF020 Dryopteris spinulosa Spinulose wood fern NATIVEF201 Equisetum arvense Field horsetail NATIVEF090 Gymnocarpium dryopteris Common oak fern NATIVEF006 Lycopodium annotinum Bristly clubmoss NATIVEF005 Lycopodium clavatum Staghorn clubmoss NATIVEF002 Lycopodium complanatum Running-pine NATIVEF155 Lycopodium inundatum Bog clubmoss NATIVEF003 Lycopodium lucidula Shining clubmoss NATIVEF004 Lycopodium obscurum Tree clubmoss NATIVEF001 Lycopodium spp. Clubmoss species NATIVEF085 Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich fern NATIVEF080 Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fern NATIVEF040 Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fern NATIVEF050 Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted fern NATIVEF053 Osmunda regalis Royal fern NATIVEF125 Polypodium vulgare Common polypody NATIVEF100 Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern NATIVEF030 Pteridium aquilinum Bracken fern NATIVEF064 Thelypteris hexagonoptera Broad beech fern NATIVEF070 Thelypteris noveboracensis New York fern NATIVEF066 Thelypteris palustris Marsh fernF065 Thelypteris phegopteris Long beech fern NATIVEF145 Woodwardia virginica Virginia chain fern NATIVE

G194 Agrostis gigantea Redtop

G285 Agrostis hyemalis Hairgrass NATIVEG190 Agrostis perennans Upland bent NATIVE

G192 Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Carpet Bentgrass

G195 Agrostis spp. Agrostis species


196

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginG350 Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem NATIVEG080 Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernalgrass

G600 Avena spp. Oats species

G100 Brachyelytrum erectum Long-awned Wood Grass NATIVEG103 Bromus ciliatus Fringed Brome NATIVEG102 Bromus inermis Smooth brome G104 Bromus japonicus Japanese brome

G106 Bromus sterilis Poverty brome

G105 Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass

G107 Calamagrostis canadensis Canada bluejoint NATIVEG130 Carex abscondita Sedge NATIVEG135 Carex aestivalis Sedge NATIVEG152 Carex baileyi Sedge NATIVEG025 Carex communis Sedge NATIVEG050 Carex crinita Short hair sedge NATIVEG154 Carex debilis Sedge NATIVEG155 Carex digitalis Sedge NATIVEG157 Carex folliculata Sedge NATIVEG156 Carex gracillima Sedge NATIVEG039 Carex hirsutella Sedge NATIVEG040 Carex intumescens Sedge NATIVEG147 Carex lanuginosa Sedge NATIVEG020 Carex laxiflora Sedge NATIVEG260 Carex leptonervia Sedge NATIVEG128 Carex lupulina Sedge NATIVEG262 Carex lurida Sedge NATIVEG151 Carex mesochorea Midland sedge NATIVEG265 Carex novae-angliae Sedge NATIVEG030 Carex pensylvanica Sedge NATIVEG290 Carex plantaginea Plantain sedge NATIVEG150 Carex radiata Sedge NATIVEG140 Carex rosea Sedge NATIVEG158 Carex scoparia Broom sedge NATIVEG015 Carex spp. Carex species NATIVEG145 Carex stricta Tussock sedge NATIVEG129 Carex swanii Sedge NATIVEG159 Carex vulpinoidea Sedge NATIVEG280 Cinna latifolia Drooping woodreed NATIVEG110 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass

G160 Danthonia compressa Northern oatgrass NATIVE


197

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginG295 Danthonia spicata Poverty-grass NATIVEG165 Deschampsia flexuosa Common hairgrass NATIVEG630 Dichanthelium spp. Dichanthelium species NATIVEG610 Digitaria sanguinalis Northern crabgrass G620 Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard-Grass

G060 Eleocharis acicularis Spike-rush NATIVEG070 Eleocharis obtusa Spike-rush NATIVEG242 Elymus canadensis Canada wild-rye

G240 Elymus repens Quackgrass

G245 Elymus virginicus Virginia wild-rye NATIVEG300 Eriophorum virginicum Cotton-grass

G178 Festuca elatior Tall Fescue

G180 Festuca obtusa Nodding fescue NATIVEG177 Festuca rubra Red fescue

G175 Festuca spp. Fescue species

G169 Glyceria spp. Mannagrass species NATIVEG172 Glyceria melicaria Mannagrass NATIVEG170 Glyceria striata Fowl meadowgrass NATIVEG500 Holcus lanatus Velvetgrass

G075 Hystrix paluta Bottlebrush-grass NATIVEG311 Juncus canadensis Canada rush NATIVEG312 Juncus effusus Soft rush NATIVEG310 Juncus spp. Rush species NATIVEG313 Juncus tenuis Path rush NATIVEG252 Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass NATIVEG251 Leersia spp. Cutgrass NATIVEG250 Leersia virginica Cutgrass NATIVEG336 Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass

G335 Lolium perenne Perennial ryegrass

G090 Luzula multiflora Woodrush NATIVEG340 Microstegium vimineum Japanese stilt grass

G200 Milium effusum var. cisatlanticum Milletgrass NATIVE

G400 Miscanthus sinensis Miscanthus

G270 Oryzopsis asperifolia Mountain rice NATIVEG222 Panicum lanuginosum Panic grass NATIVEG220 Panicum clandestinum Deer-tongue grass NATIVEG230 Panicum spp. Panic-grass species NATIVEG225 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass NATIVEG325 Phalaris arundinacea Reed canary-grass


198

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginG330 Phleum pratense Timothy

G379 Phragmites australis ssp. americanus Native common reed

G380 Phragmites australis ssp. australis Common reed

G271 Piptatherum pungens Slender mountain ricegrass NATIVEG255 Poa alsodes Woodland bluegrass NATIVEG121 Poa compressa Canada bluegrass G120 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass NATIVEG125 Poa spp. Poa species

G123 Poa trivialis Rough bluegrass

G210 Schizachne purpurascens Grass NATIVE

G351 Schizachyrium scoparium var. scoparium Little bluestem NATIVE

G013 Scirpus americanus Three-square NATIVEG012 Scirpus atrovirens Dark-green bulrush NATIVEG010 Scirpus cyperinus Wool-grass NATIVEG011 Scirpus validus Soft-stem bulrush NATIVEG236 Secale cereale RyeG315 Setaria pumila Yellow foxtail

G314 Setaria spp. Foxtail species

G360 Sorghastrum nutans Indian-grass NATIVE

G356 Sorghum bicolor ssp. x drummondii shattercane

G358 Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass

G320 Sparganium androcladum Branching bur-reed NATIVEG238 Tridens flavus Purpletop NATIVEG235 Triticum aestivum Wheat

G717 Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf cat-tail

G716 Typha latifolia Common cat-tail NATIVEG718 Typha x glauca Hybrid cattail

R005 Abies balsamea Balsam fir NATIVER024 Acer negundo Ashleaf maple NATIVER113 Acer pensylvanicum Striped maple NATIVER023 Acer platanoides Norway maple

R302 Acer pseudo-platanus Sycamore maple

R021 Acer rubrum Red maple NATIVER022 Acer saccharinum Silver maple NATIVER020 Acer saccharum Sugar maple NATIVER114 Acer spicatum Mountain maple NATIVE


199

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginR079 Aesculus flava Yellow buckeye NATIVER112 Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven

R240 Albizia julibrissin mimosa

R305 Alnus glutinosa European black alder

R100 Alnus spp. Alder species

R091 Amelanchier arborea Downy juneberry NATIVER191 Amelanchier laevis Smooth juneberry NATIVER195 Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry species NATIVER101 Asimina triloba Pawpaw NATIVER050 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch NATIVER051 Betula lenta Black birch NATIVER053 Betula papyrifera Paper birch NATIVER093 Betula populifolia Gray birch NATIVER090 Carpinus caroliniana Hornbeam NATIVER263 Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory NATIVER260 Carya glabra Pignut hickory NATIVER261 Carya laciniosa Shellbark hickory NATIVER262 Carya ovata Shagbark hickory NATIVER264 Carya spp. Hickory species NATIVER060 Carya tomentosa Mockernut hickory NATIVER073 Castanea dentata American chestnut NATIVER109 Catalpa bignonioides CatalpaR074 Celtis occidentalis American hackberry NATIVER105 Cercis canadensis Redbud NATIVER080 Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood NATIVER081 Cornus florida Flowering dogwood NATIVER307 Euodia hupehensis Bee-bee treeR054 Fagus grandifolia American beech NATIVER055 Fraxinus americana White ash NATIVER056 Fraxinus nigra Black ash NATIVER057 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red Ash NATIVER070 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust NATIVER083 Ilex opaca American holly NATIVER071 Juglans cinerea Butternut NATIVER068 Juglans nigra Black walnut NATIVER012 Juniperus virginiana Eastern red-cedar NATIVER016 Larix laricina American larch NATIVER059 Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree NATIVER084 Magnolia acuminata Cucumber-tree NATIVER206 Malus spp. Apple species


200

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginR094 Morus alba White mulberry

R066 Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum NATIVER092 Ostrya virginiana Hop-hornbeam NATIVER110 Paulownia tomentosa Princess-tree

R306 Phellodendron spp. Corktree spp.

R019 Picea abies Norway spruce

R003 Picea glauca White spruce NATIVER004 Picea mariana Black spruce NATIVER002 Picea rubens Red spruce NATIVER014 Pinus banksiana Jack pine

R007 Pinus nigra Austrian pine

R018 Pinus pungens Mountain pine NATIVER011 Pinus resinosa Red pine NATIVER009 Pinus rigida Pitch pine NATIVER001 Pinus strobus Eastern white pine NATIVER015 Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine

R010 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine NATIVER075 Platanus occidentalis Sycamore NATIVER063 Populus grandidentata Bigtooth aspen NATIVER064 Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen NATIVER078 Prunus avium Sweet cherry NATIVER077 Prunus cerasus Sour cherry

R095 Prunus pensylvanica Fire cherry NATIVER076 Prunus serotina Black cherry NATIVER107 Prunus spp. Cherry tree species NATIVER215 Pyrus americana American mountain-ash NATIVER200 Pyrus calleryana Callery pear

R040 Quercus alba White oak NATIVER032 Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak NATIVER036 Quercus imbricaria Shingle oak NATIVER098 Quercus muhlenbergii Yellow oak NATIVER037 Quercus phellos Willow oak NATIVER048 Quercus prinus Chestnut oak NATIVER030 Quercus rubra Northern red oak NATIVER045 Quercus stellata Post oak NATIVER031 Quercus velutina Black oak NATIVER069 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust NATIVER087 Salix spp. Willow species;except Black

R096 Sassafras albidum Sassafras NATIVER058 Tilia americana Basswood NATIVE


201

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginR006 Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock NATIVER061 Ulmus americana American elm NATIVER304 Ulmus pumila Siberian elmR062 Ulmus rubra Slippery elm NATIVE

S610 Alnus rugosa Speckled alder NATIVES605 Alnus serrulata Smooth alder NATIVES645 Amelanchier canadensis Oblong-leaf juneberry NATIVES495 Aralia elata Japanese angelica-tree

S490 Aralia spinosa Hercules'-club NATIVES160 Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry

S900 Berberis vulgaris European barberry

S914 Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush

S240 Comptonia peregrina Sweet-fern NATIVES400 Cornus amomum Silky Dogwood NATIVES430 Cornus racemosa Red-panicle dogwood NATIVES440 Cornus stolonifera Red-osier dogwood NATIVES170 Corylus americana American hazlenut NATIVES175 Corylus cornuta Beaked hazlenut NATIVES191 Crataegus punctata Dotted hawthorn NATIVES190 Crataegus spp. Hawthorn species NATIVES380 Diervilla lonicera Northern bush-honeysuckle NATIVES351 Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive

S350 Elaeagnus umbellata Autumn-olive

S700 Euonymus alatus Burning-bush

S915 Frangula alnus Glossy buckthorn

S050 Gaylussacia baccata Black huckleberry NATIVES060 Gaylussacia frondosa Tall huckleberry NATIVES120 Hamamelis virginiana Witch-hazel NATIVES390 Hydrangea arborescens Wild hydrangea NATIVES395 Hypericum prolificum Shrubby St. John's-wort NATIVES625 Ilex montana Large-leaf holly NATIVES623 Ilex spp. Holly species NATIVES620 Ilex verticillata Winterberry holly NATIVES080 Kalmia angustifolia Sheep laurel NATIVES070 Kalmia latifolia Mountain laurel NATIVES710 Lespedeza bicolor Shrubby bushclover

S712 Lespedeza cuneata Chinese bushclover

S650 Ligustrum spp. Privet species

S130 Lindera benzoin Spicebush NATIVE


202

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginS360 Lonicera spp. Honeysuckles

S910 Lonicera tatarica Tartarian honeysuckle

S375 Lyonia ligustrina Maleberry NATIVES201 Malus coronaria Sweet crabapple NATIVES630 Nemopanthus mucronatus Mountain holly NATIVES560 Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark NATIVES655 Prunus americana American plum NATIVES656 Prunus virginiana Choke cherry NATIVES210 Pyrus arbutifolia Red chokeberry NATIVES220 Pyrus floribunda Purple chokeberry NATIVES230 Pyrus melanocarpa Black chokeberry NATIVES200 Pyrus spp. Chokeberry species NATIVES580 Quercus ilicifolia Scrub oak NATIVES911 Rhamnus cathartica Common buckthorn

S912 Rhamnus frangula European buckthorn

S460 Rhamnus spp. Buckthorn species

S090 Rhododendron maximum Rosebay NATIVES100 Rhododendron nudiflorum Pink azalea NATIVES110 Rhododendron roseum Early azalea NATIVES095 Rhododendron spp. Azalea/Laurel spp. NATIVES105 Rhododendron viscosum Swamp azalea NATIVES720 Rhodotypos scandens Jetbead

S311 Rhus glabra Smooth sumac NATIVES310 Rhus spp. Sumac species NATIVES312 Rhus typhina Staghorn sumac NATIVES526 Ribes cynosbati Prickly gooseberry NATIVES525 Ribes hirtellum Smooth gooseberry NATIVES530 Ribes lacustre Bristly black currant NATIVES540 Ribes rotundifolium Roundleaf gooseberry NATIVES520 Ribes spp. Currant/Gooseberry species NATIVES635 Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose

S637 Rosa setigera Prairie rose

S640 Rosa spp. Rose species

S270 Rubus allegheniensis Common blackberry NATIVES302 Rubus idaeus Wild red raspberry NATIVES300 Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry NATIVES301 Rubus odoratus Flowering raspberry NATIVES285 Rubus pensilvanicus Blackberry NATIVES290 Rubus phoenicolasius Wine raspberry

S280 Rubus pubescens Dwarf raspberry NATIVE


203

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName Origin

S245 Rubus spp.Blackberry/Raspberry species NATIVE

S485 Salix sericea Silky willow NATIVES484 Salix spp. Willow shrub species NATIVES470 Sambucus canadensis Common elderberry NATIVES480 Sambucus pubens Red-berried elder NATIVES452 Spiraea corymbosa Dwarf spiraea NATIVES913 Spiraea japonica Japanese spiraea

S450 Spiraea spp. Spiraea species NATIVES451 Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush spirea NATIVES454 Spirea latifolia Meadowsweet NATIVES515 Taxus canadensis Canadian yew NATIVES010 Vaccinium angustifolium Late low blueberry NATIVES030 Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush blueberry NATIVES035 Vaccinium myrtilloides Velvet-leaf blueberry NATIVES020 Vaccinium pallidum Southern low blueberry NATIVES005 Vaccinium spp. Blueberry species(low) NATIVES040 Vaccinium stamineum Deerberry NATIVES140 Viburnum acerifolium Maple-leaved viburnum NATIVES150 Viburnum alnifolium Hobblebush NATIVES156 Viburnum cassinoides Wild-raisin NATIVES152 Viburnum dentatum Southern arrow-wood NATIVES158 Viburnum dilatatum Linden viburnum

S151 Viburnum lentago Nannyberry NATIVES145 Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose

S159 Viburnum plicatum Doublefile viburnum

S154 Viburnum prunifolium Black-haw NATIVES153 Viburnum recognitum Northern arrow-wood NATIVES157 Viburnum sieboldii Siebold viburnum

S135 Viburnum spp. Viburnum species

S500 Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly-ash NATIVE

T005 Abies balsamea Balsam fir NATIVET024 Acer negundo Ashleaf maple NATIVET113 Acer pensylvanicum Striped maple NATIVET023 Acer platanoides Norway maple

T302 Acer pseudo-platanus Sycamore maple

T021 Acer rubrum Red maple NATIVET022 Acer saccharinum Silver maple NATIVET020 Acer saccharum Sugar maple NATIVE


204

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginT114 Acer spicatum Mountain maple NATIVET079 Aesculus flava Yellow buckeye NATIVET112 Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven

T240 Albizia julibrissin Mimosa

T305 Alnus glutinosa European black alder

T100 Alnus spp. Alder species

T091 Amelanchier arborea Downy juneberry NATIVET191 Amelanchier laevis Smooth juneberry NATIVET195 Amelanchier spp. Serviceberry species NATIVET101 Asimina triloba Pawpaw NATIVET050 Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch NATIVET051 Betula lenta Black birch NATIVET053 Betula papyrifera Paper birch NATIVET093 Betula populifolia Gray birch NATIVET090 Carpinus caroliniana Hornbeam NATIVET263 Carya cordiformis Bitternut hickory NATIVET260 Carya glabra Pignut hickory NATIVET261 Carya laciniosa Shellbark hickory NATIVET262 Carya ovata Shagbark hickory NATIVET264 Carya spp. Hickory species NATIVET060 Carya tomentosa Mockernut hickory NATIVET073 Castanea dentata American chestnut NATIVET109 Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa

T074 Celtis occidentalis American hackberry NATIVET105 Cercis canadensis Redbud NATIVET080 Cornus alternifolia Alternate-leaved dogwood NATIVET081 Cornus florida Flowering dogwood NATIVET307 Euodia hupehensis Bee-bee tree

T054 Fagus grandifolia American beech NATIVET055 Fraxinus americana White ash NATIVET056 Fraxinus nigra Black ash NATIVET057 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Red Ash NATIVET070 Gleditsia triacanthos Honey-locust NATIVET083 Ilex opaca American holly NATIVET071 Juglans cinerea Butternut NATIVET068 Juglans nigra Black walnut NATIVET012 Juniperus virginiana Eastern red-cedar NATIVET016 Larix laricina American larch NATIVET059 Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip-tree NATIVET084 Magnolia acuminata Cucumber-tree NATIVE


205

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginT206 Malus spp. Apple species

T094 Morus alba White mulberry

T066 Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum NATIVET092 Ostrya virginiana Hop-hornbeam NATIVET110 Paulownia tomentosa Princess-tree

T306 Phellodendron spp. Corktree spp.

T019 Picea abies Norway spruce

T003 Picea glauca White spruce NATIVET004 Picea mariana Black spruce NATIVET002 Picea rubens Red spruce NATIVET014 Pinus banksiana Jack pine

T007 Pinus nigra Austrian pine

T018 Pinus pungens Mountain pine NATIVET011 Pinus resinosa Red pine NATIVET009 Pinus rigida Pitch pine NATIVET001 Pinus strobus Eastern white pine NATIVET015 Pinus sylvestris Scotch pine

T010 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine NATIVET075 Platanus occidentalis Sycamore NATIVET063 Populus grandidentata Bigtooth aspen NATIVET064 Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen NATIVET078 Prunus avium Sweet cherry NATIVET077 Prunus cerasus Sour cherry

T095 Prunus pensylvanica Fire cherry NATIVET076 Prunus serotina Black cherry NATIVET107 Prunus spp. Cherry species

T215 Pyrus americana American mountain-ash NATIVET200 Pyrus calleryana Callery pear

T040 Quercus alba White oak NATIVET032 Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak NATIVET036 Quercus imbricaria Shingle oak NATIVET098 Quercus muhlenbergii Yellow oak NATIVET037 Quercus phellos Willow oak NATIVET048 Quercus prinus Chestnut oak NATIVET030 Quercus rubra Northern red oak NATIVET045 Quercus stellata Post oak NATIVET031 Quercus velutina Black oak NATIVET069 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust NATIVET087 Salix spp. Willow tree species

T096 Sassafras albidum Sassafras NATIVE


206

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginT058 Tilia americana Basswood NATIVET006 Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock NATIVET061 Ulmus americana American elm NATIVET304 Ulmus pumila Siberian elmT062 Ulmus rubra Slippery elm NATIVE

V115 Adlumia fungosa Allegheny-vine NATIVEV280 Akebia quinata Five-leaf akebia

V285 Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Porcelain-berry

V080 Amphicarpa bracteata Hog-peanut NATIVEV021 Celastrus orbiculatus Asiatic bittersweet

V020 Celastrus scandens American bittersweet NATIVEV145 Clematis virginiana Virgin's-bower NATIVEV110 Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed

V100 Convolvulus sepium Hedge bindweed NATIVEV180 Dioscorea quaternata Wild yamroot NATIVEV150 Dioscorea villosa Wild yam NATIVEV260 Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper

V250 Hedera helix English ivy

V240 Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle

V040 Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia-creeper NATIVEV120 Phaseolus polystachios Wild kidney bean NATIVEV170 Polygonum cilinode Fringed bindweed NATIVEV135 Polygonum convolvulus Black bindweed

V136 Polygonum perfoliatum Mile-a-minute weed

V137 Polygonum scandens Climbing false-buckwheat NATIVEV230 Pueraria lobata Kudzu

V105 Rhus radicans Poison-ivy NATIVEV201 Rubus flagellaris Dewberry NATIVEV200 Rubus hispidus Swamp dewberry NATIVEV154 Smilax bona-nox Bullbriar

V050 Smilax glauca Catbrier NATIVEV060 Smilax rotundifolia Greenbrier NATIVEV049 Smilax spp. Smilax species

V160 Smilax tamnoides var. hispida Bristly greenbrier NATIVE

V190 Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet nightshade

V290 Vincetoxicum nigrum Black swallow-wort

V292 Vincetoxicum rossicum pale swallow-wort

V010 Vitis spp. Grape NATIVE


207

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginV270 Wisteria floribunda Japanese wisteria

V275 Wisteria sinensis Chinese wisteria

W315 Abutilon theophrastii Indian mallow

W656 Achillea millefolium Yarrow

W922 Acorus calamus Sweet flag

W589 Actaea pachypoda White baneberry NATIVEW670 Actinomeris alternifolia Wingstem NATIVEW900 Aegopodium podograria Goutweed

W280 Agrimonia gryposepala Agrimony NATIVEW281 Agrimonia parviflora Small-flowered agrimony NATIVEW745 Alliaria officinalis Garlic-mustard

W320 Allium spp. Garlic/onion species NATIVEW325 Allium tricoccum Wild leek NATIVEW573 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed NATIVEW575 Amianthium muscaetoxicum Fly Poison NATIVEW474 Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting NATIVEW586 Anemone lancifolia Mountain Anemone NATIVEW585 Anemone quinquefolia Wood anemone NATIVEW587 Anemone spp. Anemone species NATIVEW490 Anemonella thalictroides Rue anemone NATIVEW477 Antennaria neglecta Field pussytoes NATIVEW479 Antennaria neodioica Smaller pussytoes NATIVEW475 Antennaria parlinii Smooth pussytoes NATIVEW478 Antennaria plantaginifolia Plantain-leaved pussytoe NATIVEW657 Anthemis arvensis Corn chamomile W663 Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil

W476 Apocynum androsaemifolium Pink dogbane NATIVEW482 Apocynum cannabinum Indian-hemp NATIVEW820 Aquilegia canadensis Wild columbine NATIVEW857 Arabis canadensis Sicklepod NATIVEW207 Arabis laevigata Smooth rock cress NATIVEW442 Aralia hispida Bristly sarsaparilla NATIVEW440 Aralia nudicaulis Wild sarsaparilla NATIVEW830 Aralia racemosa Spikenard NATIVEW444 Arctium minus Common burdock

W310 Arisaema spp. Jack-in-the-pulpit species NATIVEW403 Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot NATIVEW400 Asarum canadense Wild ginger NATIVEW750 Asclepias spp. Milkweed species NATIVE


208

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW751 Asclepias syriaca Common milkweed NATIVEW535 Aster acuminatus Sharp-leaved aster NATIVEW950 Aster cordifolius Blue wood aster NATIVEW082 Aster divaricatus White wood aster NATIVEW081 Aster junciformis Rush aster NATIVEW536 Aster lateriflorus Calico aster NATIVEW078 Aster macrophyllus Large-leaved Aster NATIVEW077 Aster prenanthoides Crooked-stem aster NATIVEW076 Aster radula Rough aster NATIVEW080 Aster spp. Aster species NATIVEW534 Aster umbellatus Flat-topped white aster NATIVEW079 Aster undulatus Wavy-leaved aster NATIVEW951 Aster vimineus Small white aster NATIVEW772 Baptisia tinctoria Wild indigo NATIVEW205 Barbarea vulgaris Common wintercress

W498 Belamcanda chinensis Blackberry-lily

W215 Bidens connata Swamp beggar-ticks NATIVEW217 Bidens frondosa Beggar-ticks NATIVEW200 Boehmeria cylindrica False nettle NATIVEW203 Brassica rapa Field mustardW712 Cabomba caroliniana Carolina fanwort W255 Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold NATIVEW454 Cardamine impatiens Narrowleaf bittercress

W257 Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress NATIVEW681 Carduus acanthoides ThistleW683 Carduus nutans Musk thistle

W895 Carum carvi Caraway

W260 Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh NATIVEW930 Centaurea jacea Brown knapweed

W901 Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed

W931 Centaurea nigra Black knapweed

W465 Cerastium vulgatumCommon mouse-ear chickweed

W870 Chamaechrista fasciculata Partridge-pea NATIVEW068 Chamaelirium luteum Devil's-bit NATIVEW902 Chelidonium majus Celandine

W025 Chelone glabra Turtlehead NATIVEW020 Chimaphila maculata Striped wintergreen NATIVEW021 Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa NATIVEW626 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye daisy


209

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW628 Chrysanthemum spp. Chrysanthemum species

W625 Chrysosplenium americanum Golden saxifrage NATIVEW682 Cichorium intybus Blue chicory

W480 Cimicifuga racemosa Black snakeroot NATIVE

W551 Circaea alpinaDwarf enchanter's-nightshade NATIVE

W550 Circaea quadrisulcata Enchanter's-nightshade NATIVEW903 Cirsium arvense Canada thistle

W686 Cirsium discolor Field thistle NATIVEW684 Cirsium pumilum Pasture thistle NATIVEW689 Cirsium spp. Thistle species

W685 Cirsium vulgare Bull-thistle

W525 Claytonia caroliniana Carolina spring-beauty NATIVEW526 Claytonia virginica Spring-beauty NATIVEW326 Clintonia umbellulata White Clintonia NATIVEW904 Conium maculatum Poison hemlock

W620 Conopholis americana Squaw-root NATIVEW240 Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley

W224 Conyza canadensis Horseweed NATIVEW680 Coptis groenlandica Goldthread NATIVEW377 Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot NATIVEW118 Cornus canadensis Bunchberry NATIVEW770 Coronilla varia Crown-vetch

W780 Corydalis sempervirens Pale corydalis NATIVEW740 Cryptotaenia canadensis Honewort NATIVEW800 Cunila origanoides Dittany NATIVEW645 Cuphea petiolata Blue waxweed NATIVEW275 Cynoglossum virginianum Wild comfrey NATIVEW650 Cypripedium acaule Pink lady's-slipper NATIVEW655 Dalibarda repens Dewdrop NATIVEW880 Datura stramonium Jimsonweed

W730 Daucus carota Queen Anne's-lace

W455 Dentaria diphylla Toothwort NATIVEW258 Dentaria heterophylla Toothwort NATIVEW777 Desmodium glutinosum Pointed-leaved tick trefoil NATIVEW776 Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tick-trefoil NATIVEW775 Desmodium rotundifolium Prostrate tick-trefoil NATIVEW778 Desmodium spp. Trefoil species NATIVEW235 Dianthus armeria Deptford pinkW530 Dicentra canadensis Squirrel-corn NATIVE


210

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW529 Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's-breeches NATIVEW531 Dicentra eximia Wild bleeding-heart NATIVEW457 Disporum lanuginosum Fairy-bells NATIVEW458 Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved sundew NATIVEW562 Duchesnea indica Indian-strawberry W277 Echium vulgare Viper's bugloss

W921 Egeria densa Brazilian waterweed

W290 Epifagus virginiana Beechdrops NATIVEW420 Epigaea repens Trailing-arbutus NATIVEW416 Epilobium ciliatum Northern willow-herb NATIVEW418 Epilobium coloratum Purple leaved willow herb NATIVEW417 Epilobium hirsutum Hairy willow-herb

W935 Epilobium parviflorum Smallflower hairy willow-herb

W419 Epipactis helleborine Helleborine

W220 Erechtites hieraciifolia Pilewort or Fireweed NATIVEW225 Erigeron annuus Daisy fleabane NATIVEW226 Erigeron philadelphicus Common fleabane

W228 Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus Prairie fleabane NATIVE

W858 Erysimum cheiranthoides Wormseed-mustard

W520 Erythronium albidum White trout-lily NATIVEW521 Erythronium americanum Trout-lily NATIVEW355 Eupatorium maculatum Spotted joe-pye-weed NATIVEW358 Eupatorium perfoliatum Boneset NATIVE

W356 Eupatorium purpureumSweet-scented Joe-pye-weed NATIVE

W360 Eupatorium rugosum White-snakeroot NATIVEW359 Eupatorium sessilifolium Upland boneset NATIVEW365 Euphorbia maculata Upright spotted spurge NATIVEW367 Euphorbia vermiculata Hairy spurge NATIVEW195 Fagopyrum sagittatum Buckwheat NATIVEW459 Fragaria spp. Wild strawberry species NATIVEW460 Fragaria vesca Wood strawberry NATIVEW885 Galega officinalis Goat's-rue

W374 Galeopsis bifida Hemp-nettle

W361 Galinsoga ciliata Quickweed NATIVEW126 Galium aparine Cleavers NATIVEW122 Galium asprellum Rough bedstraw NATIVEW124 Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw NATIVEW125 Galium circaezans Wild licorice NATIVEW121 Galium palustre Marsh bedstraw NATIVE


211

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW123 Galium pilosum Hairy Bedstraw NATIVEW120 Galium spp. Bedstraw species NATIVEW127 Galium triflorum Sweet-scented bedstraw NATIVEW012 Gaultheria hispidula Creeping snowberry NATIVEW010 Gaultheria procumbens Wintergreen NATIVEW500 Geranium maculatum Wild geranium NATIVEW660 Geranium robertianum Herb-robert NATIVEW566 Geum aleppicum Yellow avensW565 Geum canadense White avens NATIVEW338 Gillenia trifoliatus Bowman's-root NATIVEW375 Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy

W473 Gnaphalium obtusifolium Sweet everlasting NATIVEW380 Goodyera pubescens Downy rattlesnake-plantain NATIVEW381 Goodyera repens Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain NATIVE

W382 Goodyera tesselataCheckered rattlesnake Plantain NATIVE

W719 Habenaria clavellata Green-wood orchis NATIVEW615 Habenaria orbiculata Large round-leaved orchis NATIVEW718 Habenaria spp. Rein Orchid species NATIVEW278 Hackelia virginiana Beggar's-lice NATIVEW016 Hedeoma pulegioides American pennyroyal NATIVEW363 Heliopsis helianthoides Ox-eye daisy NATIVEW907 Hemerocallis fulva Day lily

W506 Hepatica acutiloba Sharp-lobed hepatica NATIVEW505 Hepatica americana Round-lobed hepatica NATIVEW908 Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant hogweed

W259 Hesperis matronalis Dame's-rocket

W840 Heuchera americana Alum-root NATIVEW084 Hieracium aurantiacum Orange hawkweed NATIVEW086 Hieracium paniculatum Panicled hawkweed NATIVEW085 Hieracium pratense Field hawkweed or King-devil

W560 Hieracium spp. Hawkweed species NATIVEW083 Hieracium venosum Rattlesnake-weed NATIVEW783 Houstonia caerulea Bluets NATIVEW786 Houstonia serpyllifolia Creeping bluets NATIVEW784 Houstonia spp. Bluets species NATIVE

W785 Houstonia tenuifolia & longifolia Narrow-leaved Houstonia NATIVE

W916 Humulus japonicus Japanese hops

W917 Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla

W790 Hydrocotyle americana Water pennywort NATIVE


212

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW792 Hydrophyllum canadense Broad-leaved Waterleaf NATIVEW793 Hydrophyllum virginianum Virginia waterleaf NATIVEW302 Hypericum canadense Canadian St.John's-wort NATIVEW301 Hypericum mutilum Dwarf St. John's-wort NATIVEW303 Hypericum perforatum Common St. John's-wort

W300 Hypericum punctatum Spotted St. John's-wort NATIVEW299 Hypericum spp. St.John's-wort species NATIVEW305 Hypericum virginicum Marsh St. Johns-wort NATIVEW485 Hypoxis hirsuta Yellow star-grass NATIVEW335 Impatiens capensis Spotted Touch-me-not NATIVEW333 Impatiens pallida Pale jewelweed NATIVEW330 Impatiens spp. Touch-me-not species NATIVEW370 Ipomoea spp. Morning-glory species NATIVEW926 Iris Pseudacorus Yellow iris NATIVEW555 Isotria verticillata Whorled-pogonia NATIVEW825 Krigia virginica Dwarf dandelion NATIVEW264 Lactuca biennis Blue lettuce NATIVEW265 Lactuca scariola Prickly lettuce

W266 Lactuca spp. Lactuca species

W767 Lamium purpureum Purple dead-nettle

W210 Laportea canadensis Wood-nettle NATIVEW263 Lapsana communis Nipplewort

W410 Lathyrus latifolius Everlasting-pea

W850 Lepidium campestre Fieldcress

W851 Lepidium virginicum Wild peppergrass NATIVEW768 Lespedeza repens Creeping bush-clover NATIVEW538 Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye daisyW725 Lilium canadense Canada lily NATIVEW724 Lilium spp. Lily species

W607 Linaria vulgaris Butter-and-eggs

W835 Linum virginianum Wild yellow flax NATIVEW619 Listera cordata Heartleaf twayblade NATIVEW726 Lobelia inflata Indian-tobacco NATIVEW163 Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil

W860 Ludwigia palustris Marsh-purslane NATIVEW862 Ludwigia peploides Floating seedbox

W169 Lycopus americanus Water-horehound NATIVEW170 Lycopus uniflorus Northern Bugleweed NATIVEW171 Lycopus virginicus Virginia Bugleweed NATIVEW426 Lysimachia ciliata Fringed loosestrife NATIVE


213

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW940 Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort

W425 Lysimachia quadrifolia Whorled loosestrife NATIVEW424 Lysimachia spp. Loosestrife species NATIVEW941 Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife W130 Maianthemum canadense Canada mayflower NATIVEW642 Malaxis unifolia Green adder's-mouth NATIVEW160 Medeola virginiana Indian cucumber-root NATIVEW165 Medicago lupulina Black medick

W605 Melampyrum lineare Cow-wheat NATIVEW866 Melilotus alba White sweet-clover

W865 Melilotus officinalis Yellow sweet-clover

W755 Mentha arvensis Wild mint NATIVEW604 Mimulus ringens Allegheny monkey-flower NATIVEW040 Mitchella repens Partridge-berry NATIVEW446 Mitella diphylla Miterwort or Bishop's-cap NATIVEW445 Mitella nuda Naked miterwort NATIVEW175 Monarda didyma Bee-balm or Oswego tea NATIVEW271 Monotropa hypopithys Pinesap NATIVEW270 Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe NATIVEW273 Myosotis scorpioides Forget-me-notW905 Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrot feather watermilfoil W906 Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian water-milfoil

W690 Nasturtium officinale Watercress

W691 Nepeta cataria Catnip

W548 Oenothera perennis Small Sundrops NATIVEW640 Orchis spp. Orchis species

W909 Ornithogalum nutans Star-of-Bethlehem

W910 Ornithogalum umbellatum Star-of-Bethlehem

W658 Osmorhiza claytonii Sweet-cicely NATIVEW659 Osmorhiza longistylis Anise root NATIVEW103 Oxalis grandis Great wood sorrel NATIVEW102 Oxalis montana Common wood-sorrel NATIVEW100 Oxalis spp. Wood sorrel species NATIVEW101 Oxalis stricta Yellow wood-sorrel NATIVEW918 Pachysandra terminalis Japanese pachysandra

W438 Panax quinquefolius Ginseng NATIVEW590 Panax trifolius Dwarf ginseng NATIVEW805 Paronychia canadensis Forked chickweed NATIVEW911 Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip

W606 Pedicularis canadensis Wood-betony NATIVE


214

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW912 Perilla frutescens Beafsteak plant

W714 Persicaria longiseta Bristled knotweed

W875 Phlox paniculata Summer phlox NATIVEW057 Physalis subglabrata Ground-cherry NATIVEW250 Phytolacca americana Pokeweed NATIVEW190 Pilea pumila Clearweed NATIVEW723 Plantago lanceolata English plantain

W721 Plantago major Common plantain

W720 Plantago rugelii Red-stemmed plantain NATIVEW616 Platanthera psycodes Purple-fringed orchid NATIVEW614 Platanthera spp. Orchid species

W390 Podophyllum peltatum Mayapple NATIVEW610 Polygala paucifolia Fringed polygala or gaywings NATIVEW611 Polygala senega Seneca snakeroot NATIVEW112 Polygonatum biflorum Smooth solomon's-seal NATIVEW111 Polygonatum pubescens Hairy solomon's-seal NATIVEW110 Polygonatum spp. Solomon's-seal species NATIVEW187 Polygonum arifolium Halberd-leaved tearthumb NATIVEW180 Polygonum aviculare Prostrate knotweed

W188 Polygonum cuspidatum Japanese knotweed

W183 Polygonum hydropiper Common smartweed

W186 Polygonum hydropiperoides Mild water-pepper NATIVEW184 Polygonum persicaria Lady's-thumb

W189 Polygonum sachalinense Giant knotweed

W182 Polygonum sagittatum Arrow-leaved tearthumb NATIVE

W185 Polygonum spp.Knotweed/Smartweed species NATIVE

W914 Potamogeton crispus Curly pondweed

W340 Potentilla canadensis Dwarf cinquefoil NATIVEW345 Potentilla norvegica Rough cinquefoil NATIVEW348 Potentilla simplex Common cinquefoil NATIVEW349 Potentilla spp. Cinquefoil species NATIVEW470 Prenanthes alba White lettuce NATIVEW469 Prenanthes altissima Rattlesnake-root NATIVEW050 Prenanthes spp. Rattlesnake-root species NATIVEW471 Prenanthes trifoliata Gall-of-the-earth NATIVEW450 Prunella vulgaris Selfheal or Heal-all

W766 Pycnanthemum incanum Hoary mountain-mint NATIVEW765 Pycnanthemum verticillatum Torrey's mountain-mint NATIVEW600 Pyrola spp. Pyrola species NATIVE


215

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW509 Ranunculus abortivus Small-flowered crowfoot NATIVEW513 Ranunculus acris Common meadow buttercup

W510 Ranunculus fascicularis Early buttercup NATIVEW512 Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine

W515 Ranunculus recurvatus Hooked Crowfoot NATIVEW516 Ranunculus repens Creeping buttercup W511 Ranunculus septentrionalis Swamp buttercup NATIVEW519 Ranunculus spp. Ranunculus species W537 Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed-susan NATIVEW665 Rumex acetosella Field sorrel

W666 Rumex obtusifolius Bitter dock

W669 Rumex spp. Rumex species

W635 Sagittaria latifolia Common arrowhead NATIVEW760 Sanguinaria canadensis Bloodroot NATIVEW245 Sanicula canadensis Short-styled snakeroot NATIVEW247 Sanicula odorata Fragrant snakeroot NATIVEW234 Saponaria officinalis Bouncing-betW350 Satureja vulgaris Wild basil

W353 Saxifraga virginiensis Early saxifrage NATIVEW694 Scutellaria epilobiifolia Marsh Skullcap NATIVEW695 Scutellaria lateriflora Mad-dog skullcap NATIVEW675 Sedum telephioides Wild Live-forever NATIVEW630 Sedum ternatum Wild stonecrop NATIVEW696 Senecio aureus Golden ragwort NATIVEW697 Senecio obovatus Round-leaved ragwort NATIVEW232 Silene latifolia White campion W848 Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble-mustard W699 Sisyrinchium angustifolium Stout blue-eyed-grass NATIVEW925 Sisyrinchium montanum Blue-eyed-grass NATIVEW698 Sisyrinchium spp. Blue-eyed-grass species NATIVEW150 Smilacina racemosa False solomon's-seal NATIVEW152 Smilacina spp. False solomon's-seal species NATIVE

W545 Smilacina stellataStar-flowered Solomon's Seal NATIVE

W055 Solanum carolinense Horse-nettle NATIVEW056 Solanum dulcamara Trailing bittersweet W059 Solidago altissima Late goldenrod NATIVEW064 Solidago bicolor Silver-rod NATIVEW061 Solidago caesia Blue-stemmed goldenrod NATIVEW062 Solidago canadensis Canada Goldenrod NATIVE


216

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW065 Solidago flexicaulis Zigzag goldenrod NATIVEW058 Solidago graminifolia Grass-leaved goldenrod NATIVEW063 Solidago rugosa Rough-stemmed goldenrod NATIVEW060 Solidago spp. Goldenrod species NATIVEW812 Sonchus arvensis Field sow-thistle W813 Sonchus asper Spiny-leaved sow-thistle W815 Sonchus oleraceus Common sow-thistle

W795 Specularia perfoliata Venus's looking-glass NATIVEW145 Spiranthes spp. Ladies'-tresses species NATIVEW231 Stellaria alsine Bog chickweed

W230 Stellaria media Common chickweed

W432 Streptopus amplexifolius Twisted-stalk NATIVEW430 Streptopus roseus Rosy-bells NATIVEW952 Symphyotrichum lowrieanum Smooth heart-leaved aster NATIVEW415 Symplocarpus foetidus Skunk cabbage NATIVEW580 Taraxacum spp. Dandelion species

W583 Tephrosia virginiana Goat's-rue NATIVEW710 Thalictrum dioicum Early meadow-rue NATIVEW711 Thalictrum polygamum Tall meadow-rue NATIVEW855 Thlaspi arvense Field pennycress

W435 Tiarella cordifolia Foamflower NATIVEW715 Tovara virginiana Jumpseed NATIVEW845 Tragopogon pratensis Yellow goat's-beard

W915 Trapa natans Water chestnut

W030 Trientalis borealis Star-flower NATIVEW867 Trifolium arvense Rabbit's-foot clover W166 Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover

W168 Trifolium pratense Red clover

W167 Trifolium repens White clover

W072 Trillium erectum Wake-robin NATIVEW073 Trillium grandiflorum Large-flowered trillium NATIVEW070 Trillium spp. Trillium species NATIVEW075 Trillium undulatum Painted trillium NATIVEW716 Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot

W140 Urtica dioica Stinging nettle NATIVEW141 Urtica spp. Nettle species NATIVEW495 Uvularia perfoliata Bellwort NATIVEW496 Uvularia sessilifolia Sessile-leaved bellwort NATIVEW494 Uvularia spp. Bellwort species NATIVEW700 Veratrum viride False or White hellebore NATIVE


217

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName OriginW810 Verbascum thapsus Common mullein

W890 Verbena hastata Blue vervain NATIVEW735 Vernonia noveboracensis New York ironweed NATIVEW571 Veronica officinalis Common speedwell NATIVEW570 Veronica spp. Speedwell species NATIVEW873 Vicia cracca Cow vetchW705 Vinca minor myrtle or periwinkle

W541 Viola affinis LeConte's violet NATIVEW091 Viola blanda Sweet white violet NATIVEW089 Viola canadensis Canada violet NATIVEW093 Viola hastata Halberd-leaved violet NATIVEW092 Viola incognita Large-leaved white violet NATIVEW088 Viola labradorica American dog violet NATIVEW094 Viola pallens Northern white violet NATIVEW095 Viola palmata Early blue violet NATIVEW098 Viola papilionacea Common blue violet NATIVEW540 Viola pensylvanica Smooth yellow violet NATIVEW542 Viola primulifolia Primrose-leaved violet NATIVEW099 Viola rostrata Long-spurred violet NATIVEW097 Viola rotundifolia Round-leaved violet NATIVEW543 Viola sagittata Arrow-leaved violet NATIVEW090 Viola spp. Violet species NATIVEW096 Viola striata Pale violet NATIVEW595 Waldsteinia fragarioides Barren strawberry NATIVEW920 Yucca filamentosa Yucca

X001 Rocky MicroHabitat Rocky Coverage

X002 Water MicroHabitat Standing Water - Wet

X003 Soil MicroHabitat Mineral Soil/Sediment

X004 Moss MicroHabitat Moss Coverage

X005 Burned MicroHabitat Burned Coverage

X006 MechDisturb MicroHabitat Mech Disturbance

X007 Snow MicroHabitat Snow Covered

X008 ConiferDuff MicroHabitat Pine/Hemlock Duff

X009 Stream MicroHabitat Flowing Water - Stream

X010 DeadWood MicroHabitat Dead Wood

X011 BoleRoot MicroHabitat Live Bole/Root

X012 Dung MicroHabitat Dung/Scats

X013 Trash MicroHabitat Trash/Junk

X014 LeavesHumus MicroHabitat Empty except leaves/humus


218

Code KeyGenus KeySpecies KeyCommonName Origin

X015 ForestryStuff MicroHabitatForestry Stuff (tree tubes, etc.)

X016 SpringSeep MicroHabitat Spring seep

X021 Limestone gravel MicroHabitat Limestone gravel coverage

X022 E & S Materials MicroHabitat Silt socks, netting, hay/straw

X030 Vegetative Tree Cover MicroHabitat

VegetativeTreeCover-Live Bole

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Species Codes ‐ Invasives

219

Species Codes – Invasives DCNR ‐ Bureau of Forestry INVASIVES LIST 2016

CODE Common Name Scientific Name

W900 Goutweed Aegopodium podagraria

W745 Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata

W663 Wild chervil Anthriscus sylvestris

W454 Narrowleaf bittercress Cardamine impatiens

W683 Musk thistle Carduus nutans

W930 Brown knapweed Centaurea jacea

W931 Black knapweed Centaurea nigra

W901 Spotted knapweed Centaurea stoebe

W902 Greater celandine Chelidonium majus

W903 Canada thistle Cirsium arvense

W685 Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare

W904 Poison hemlock Conium maculatum

W770 Crown‐vetch Coronilla varia

W880 Jimsonweed Datura stramonium

W417 Hairy willow herb Epilobium hirsutum

W935 Smallflower hairy willowherb Epilobium parviflorum

W188 Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica

W189 Giant knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis

W885 Goat's‐rue Galega officinalis

W907 {Orange daylily} {Hemerocallis fulva}

W908 Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum

W259 Dames rocket Hesperis matronalis

W926 Yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus

W940 Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia

W941 Purple loosetrife Lythrum salicaria

W909 Nodding Star‐of‐Bethlehem Ornithogalum nutans

W910 Star‐of‐Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum

W918 {Japanese pachysandra} {Pachysandra terminalis}

W911 Wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa

W912 Beefsteak plant Perilla frutescens

W714 Bristled knotweed Persicaria longiseta

W512 Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria

V280 Chocolate vine Akebia quinata

V285 Porcelain berry Ampelopsis brevipedunculata

V021 Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus

V260 {Wintercreeper} {Euonymus fortunei}

V250 {English ivy} {Hedera helix}

W916 Japanese hops Humulus japonicus


220


V240 Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica

V136 Mile‐a‐minute Persicaria perfoliata

V230 Kudzu Pueraria lobata

W000 {Bigleaf Periwinkle} {Vinca major}

W705 {Common Periwinkle} {Vinca minor}

V290 Black swallow‐wort Vincetoxicum nigrum

V292 Pale swallow‐wort Vincetoxicum rossicum

V270 {Chinese Wisteria} {Wisteria sinensis}

V275 {Japanese Wisteria} {Wisteria floribunda}

T/R000 Amur maple Acer ginnala

T/R023 Norway maple Acer platanoides

T/R302 Sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus

T/R240 Mimosa Albizia julibrissin

T/R305 European black alder Alnus glutinosa

T/R112 Tree‐of‐heaven Ailanthus altissima

S495 Japanese angelica‐tree Aralia elata

T/R000 {Paper mulberry} {Broussonetia papyrifera}

T/R000 {White mulberry} {Morus alba}

T/R110 Empress tree Paulownia tomentosa

T/R306 {Cork‐trees} {Phellodendron species}

T/R200 Callery pear Pyrus calleryana

T/R307 {Bee‐bee tree} {Tetradium daniellii}

T/R304 Siberian elm Ulmus pumila

S160 Japanese barberry Berberis thunbergii

S900 European barberry Berberis vulgaris

S914 {Butterfly Bush} {Buddleja davidii}

S351 Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia

S350 Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata

S700 Winged Euonymus Euonymus alata

S915 Glossy buckthorn Frangula alnus

S710 Shrubby bushclover Lespedeza bicolor

S712 Chinese bushclover Lespedeza cuneata

S650 Japanese privet Ligustrum japonicum

S650 Border privet Ligustrum obtusifolium

S650 Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense

S650 Common privet Ligustrum vulgare

S360 Amur honeysuckle Lonicera mackii

S360 Morrow’s honeysuckle Lonicera morrowii

S360 Bell’s honeysuckle Lonicera xbella

S360 Standish honeysuckle Lonicera standishii

S910 Tartarian honeysuckle Lonicera tatarica


221


S911 Common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica

S720 Jetbead Rhodotypos scandens

S635 Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora

S290 {Wineberry} {Rubus phoenicolasius}

S913 Japanese spiraea Spiraea japonica

S159 {Doublefile viburnum} {Viburnum plicatum}

S158 {Linden viburnum} {Viburnum dilatatum}

S157 {Siebold viburnum} {Viburnum sieboldii}

S145 Guelder rose Viburnum opulus

G000 {Small carpetgrass} {Arthraxon hispidus}

G106 Poverty brome Bromus sterilis

G105 Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum

G500 Common velvet grass Holcus lanatus

G340 Japanese stiltgrass Microstegium vimineum

G000 {Chinese silvergrass} {Miscanthus sinensis}

G000 {Wavyleaf basketgrass} {Oplismenus hirtellus}

G325 Reed canary grass Phalaris australis

G380 Common reed Phragmites australis ssp. australis

G000 {Golden bamboo} {Phyllostachys aurea}

G123 Rough bluegrass Poa trivialis

G000 {Ravenna Grass} {Saccharum ravannae}

G178 Tall fescue Schedonorus arundiaceus

G356 Shattercane Sorghum bicolor ssp. drummondii

G358 Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense

W712 Carolina fanwort Cabomba caroliniana

NO CODE Didymo Didymosphenia geminata

W921 Brazilian water‐weed Egeria densa

W917 Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata

W862 Floating seedbox Ludwigia peploides

W905 Parrot feather watermilfoil Myriophyllum aquaticum

W906 Eurasian water‐milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum

W914 Curly pondweed Potamogeton crispus

W915 Europan water chestnut Trapa natans

G717 Narrow‐leaved cattail Typha angustifolia

G718 Hybrid cattail Typha x glauca

*Species without a CODE should be collected as a voucher specimen, EXCEPT Didymo (do NOT collect)

**Watch List Species are denoted by the {….} and should be recorded the same as invasives.

***EDRR Species are highlighted on this list. If encountered, must follow EDRR reporting process.

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Species Codes – Well Pad Species

222

Species Codes – Well Pad Species CODE Scientific Name Common Name PAGE

ANADARKO Less than 15% Slope

G330 Phleum pratense Timothy 328

G242 Elymus canadensis Canada wild‐rye 345

G351 Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem 392

G350 Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem 392

W167 Trifolium repens White clover 593

G220 Panicum clandestinum Deer‐tongue grass 373

W870 Chamaechrista fasciculata Partridge‐pea 572

W537 Rudbeckia hirta Black‐eyed‐susan 941

ANADARKO Greater than 15% Slope

G360 Sorghastrum nutans Indian‐grass 391

G225 Panicum virgatum Switchgrass 385

ERNST Seed Mixes/Kugel Mix

G110 Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass 333

G238 Tridens flavus Purpletop 350

G245 Elymus virginicus Virginia wild‐rye 347

G177 Festuca rubra Red fescue 320

G336 Lolium multiflorum Ryegrass 329

G159 Carex vulpinoidea Fox sedge 280

G190 Agrostis perrennans Autumn bent‐grass 325

G194 Agrostis gigantea Redtop 324

W166 Trifolium hybridum Alsike clover 592

Appendix A Supporting Documents – Species Codes – Well Pad Species

223

CODE Scientific Name Common Name PAGE

G335 Lolium perenne Perennial ryegrass 329

W163 Lotus corniculatus Bird's‐foot trefoil 588

G178 Schedonorus arundinaceus Tall fescue 329

G103 Bromus cillatus Fringed brome 341

G620 Echinochloa crusgalli Barnyard grass 369

G315 Setaria pumila Yellow foxtail 387

G235 Triticum aestivum Common wheat 347

S400 Cornus ammomum Silky dogwood 716

W723 Plantago lanceolate Narrowleaf plantain 793

W180 Polygonum aviculare Prostrate knotweed 452

W416 Epilobium ciliatum Northern willow‐herb 511

W168 Trifolium pratense Red clover 593

G120 Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass 339

X021 Limestone Gravel Limestone Gravel Cover

X022 E & S Materials E & S Materials Cover

Appendix A Supporting Documents – DO Chart

224

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) 100% Saturation Chart for Fresh Water Temp°C

BarometricPressure(mmHg)700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770

0.0 13.46 13.56 13.65 13.75 13.85 13.94 14.04 14.14 14.23 14.33 14.43 14.52 14.62 14.72 14.81

0.5 13.27 13.37 13.46 13.56 13.65 13.75 13.84 13.94 14.03 14.13 14.23 14.32 14.42 14.51 14.61

1.0 13.09 13.18 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.56 13.65 13.75 13.84 13.93 14.03 14.12 14.22 14.31 14.40

1.5 12.91 13.00 13.09 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.56 13.65 13.74 13.84 13.93 14.02 14.11 14.21

2.0 12.73 12.82 12.91 13.01 13.10 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.56 13.65 13.74 13.83 13.92 14.01

2.5 12.56 12.65 12.74 12.83 12.92 13.01 13.10 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.55 13.64 13.73 13.82

3.0 12.39 12.48 12.57 12.66 12.75 12.84 12.93 13.02 13.10 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46 13.55 13.64

3.5 12.23 12.31 12.40 12.49 12.58 12.67 12.75 12.84 12.93 13.02 13.11 13.19 13.28 13.37 13.46

4.0 12.07 12.15 12.24 12.33 12.41 12.50 12.59 12.67 12.76 12.85 12.93 13.02 13.11 13.20 13.28

4.5 11.91 11.99 12.08 12.17 12.25 12.34 12.42 12.51 12.59 12.68 12.77 12.85 12.94 13.02 13.11

5.0 11.75 11.84 11.92 12.01 12.09 12.18 12.26 12.35 12.43 12.52 12.60 12.69 12.77 12.86 12.94

5.5 11.60 11.69 11.77 11.86 11.94 12.02 12.11 12.19 12.27 12.36 12.44 12.52 12.61 12.69 12.78

6.0 11.46 11.54 11.62 11.70 11.79 11.87 11.95 12.04 12.12 12.20 12.28 12.37 12.45 12.53 12.61

6.5 11.31 11.39 11.48 11.56 11.64 11.72 11.80 11.88 11.97 12.05 12.13 12.21 12.29 12.37 12.46

7.0 11.17 11.25 11.33 11.41 11.49 11.58 11.66 11.74 11.82 11.90 11.98 12.06 12.14 12.22 12.30

7.5 11.03 11.11 11.19 11.27 11.35 11.43 11.51 11.59 11.67 11.75 11.83 11.91 11.99 12.07 12.15

8.0 10.90 10.98 11.06 11.14 11.21 11.29 11.37 11.45 11.53 11.61 11.69 11.76 11.84 11.92 12.00

8.5 10.77 10.84 10.92 11.00 11.08 11.16 11.23 11.31 11.39 11.47 11.54 11.62 11.70 11.78 11.86

9.0 10.64 10.71 10.79 10.87 10.94 11.02 11.10 11.18 11.25 11.33 11.41 11.48 11.56 11.64 11.71

9.5 10.51 10.59 10.66 10.74 10.81 10.89 10.97 11.04 11.12 11.19 11.27 11.35 11.42 11.50 11.57

10.0 10.39 10.46 10.54 10.61 10.69 10.76 10.84 10.91 10.99 11.06 11.14 11.21 11.29 11.36 11.44

10.5 10.26 10.34 10.41 10.49 10.56 10.64 10.71 10.78 10.86 10.93 11.01 11.08 11.16 11.23 11.30

11.0 10.15 10.22 10.29 10.37 10.44 10.51 10.59 10.66 10.73 10.81 10.88 10.95 11.03 11.10 11.17

11.5 10.03 10.10 10.17 10.25 10.32 10.39 10.47 10.54 10.61 10.68 10.76 10.83 10.90 10.97 11.05

12.0 9.91 9.99 10.06 10.13 10.20 10.27 10.35 10.42 10.49 10.56 10.63 10.71 10.78 10.85 10.92

12.5 9.80 9.87 9.94 10.02 10.09 10.16 10.23 10.30 10.37 10.44 10.51 10.58 10.66 10.73 10.80

13.0 9.69 9.76 9.83 9.90 9.97 10.04 10.11 10.19 10.26 10.33 10.40 10.47 10.54 10.61 10.68

13.5 9.59 9.65 9.72 9.79 9.86 9.93 10.00 10.07 10.14 10.21 10.28 10.35 10.42 10.49 10.56

14.0 9.48 9.55 9.62 9.69 9.76 9.82 9.89 9.96 10.03 10.10 10.17 10.24 10.31 10.37 10.44

Appendix A Supporting Documents – DO Chart

225

Temp°C

BarometricPressure(mmHg)700 705 710 715 720 725 730 735 740 745 750 755 760 765 770

14.5 9.38 9.44 9.51 9.58 9.65 9.72 9.78 9.85 9.92 9.99 10.06 10.13 10.19 10.26 10.33

15.0 9.27 9.34 9.41 9.48 9.54 9.61 9.68 9.75 9.81 9.88 9.95 10.02 10.08 10.15 10.22

15.5 9.18 9.24 9.31 9.38 9.44 9.51 9.58 9.64 9.71 9.78 9.84 9.91 9.98 10.04 10.11

16.0 9.08 9.14 9.21 9.28 9.34 9.41 9.47 9.54 9.61 9.67 9.74 9.80 9.87 9.94 10.00

16.5 8.98 9.05 9.11 9.18 9.24 9.31 9.37 9.44 9.50 9.57 9.64 9.70 9.77 9.83 9.90

17.0 8.89 8.95 9.02 9.08 9.15 9.21 9.28 9.34 9.41 9.47 9.54 9.60 9.66 9.73 9.79

17.5 8.80 8.86 8.92 8.99 9.05 9.12 9.18 9.24 9.31 9.37 9.44 9.50 9.57 9.63 9.69

18.0 8.70 8.77 8.83 8.90 8.96 9.02 9.09 9.15 9.21 9.28 9.34 9.40 9.47 9.53 9.59

18.5 8.62 8.68 8.74 8.80 8.87 8.93 8.99 9.06 9.12 9.18 9.24 9.31 9.37 9.43 9.50

19.0 8.53 8.59 8.65 8.72 8.78 8.84 8.90 8.96 9.03 9.09 9.15 9.21 9.28 9.34 9.40

19.5 8.44 8.50 8.57 8.63 8.69 8.75 8.81 8.87 8.94 9.00 9.06 9.12 9.18 9.25 9.31

20.0 8.36 8.42 8.48 8.54 8.60 8.66 8.73 8.79 8.85 8.91 8.97 9.03 9.09 9.15 9.21

20.5 8.28 8.34 8.40 8.46 8.52 8.58 8.64 8.70 8.76 8.82 8.88 8.94 9.00 9.06 9.12

21.0 8.19 8.25 8.31 8.37 8.43 8.49 8.55 8.61 8.67 8.73 8.79 8.85 8.92 8.98 9.04

21.5 8.11 8.17 8.23 8.29 8.35 8.41 8.47 8.53 8.59 8.65 8.71 8.77 8.83 8.89 8.95

22.0 8.04 8.09 8.15 8.21 8.27 8.33 8.39 8.45 8.51 8.57 8.63 8.68 8.74 8.80 8.86

22.5 7.96 8.02 8.08 8.13 8.19 8.25 8.31 8.37 8.43 8.48 8.54 8.60 8.66 8.72 8.78

23.0 7.88 7.94 8.00 8.06 8.11 8.17 8.23 8.29 8.35 8.40 8.46 8.52 8.58 8.64 8.69

23.5 7.81 7.86 7.92 7.98 8.04 8.09 8.15 8.21 8.27 8.33 8.38 8.44 8.50 8.56 8.61

24.0 7.73 7.79 7.85 7.90 7.96 8.02 8.08 8.13 8.19 8.25 8.30 8.36 8.42 8.48 8.53

24.5 7.66 7.72 7.77 7.83 7.89 7.94 8.00 8.06 8.11 8.17 8.23 8.28 8.34 8.40 8.45

25.0 7.59 7.65 7.70 7.76 7.81 7.87 7.93 7.98 8.04 8.10 8.15 8.21 8.26 8.32 8.38

25.5 7.52 7.58 7.63 7.69 7.74 7.80 7.85 7.91 7.97 8.02 8.08 8.13 8.19 8.24 8.30

26.0 7.45 7.51 7.56 7.62 7.67 7.73 7.78 7.84 7.89 7.95 8.00 8.06 8.11 8.17 8.22

26.5 7.38 7.44 7.49 7.55 7.60 7.66 7.71 7.77 7.82 7.88 7.93 7.99 8.04 8.10 8.15

27.0 7.32 7.37 7.43 7.48 7.53 7.59 7.64 7.70 7.75 7.81 7.86 7.91 7.97 8.02 8.08

27.5 7.25 7.30 7.36 7.41 7.47 7.52 7.57 7.63 7.68 7.74 7.79 7.84 7.90 7.95 8.01

28.0 7.19 7.24 7.29 7.35 7.40 7.45 7.51 7.56 7.61 7.67 7.72 7.77 7.83 7.88 7.93

28.5 7.12 7.18 7.23 7.28 7.33 7.39 7.44 7.49 7.55 7.60 7.65 7.71 7.76 7.81 7.87

29.0 7.06 7.11 7.16 7.22 7.27 7.32 7.38 7.43 7.48 7.53 7.59 7.64 7.69 7.74 7.80

29.5 7.00 7.05 7.10 7.15 7.21 7.26 7.31 7.36 7.42 7.47 7.52 7.57 7.62 7.68 7.7330.0 6.94 6.99 7.04 7.09 7.14 7.20 7.25 7.30 7.35 7.40 7.46 7.51 7.56 7.61 7.66

Appendix B Datasheets

226

Chapter 9 Appendix B Datasheets

Appendix B Datasheets

227

Datasheets

DEP Lab Sample Submission Sheet

Macroinvertebrate Collection Habitat Field Form

Widespread Sampling

Pebble Count

Post Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM)

Well Pad Vegetation Assessment

Pad Invasives Walkabout

Roadside Vegetation Community Monitoring

Roadside Invasive Plant Monitoring

Road Condition Monitoring

Invasive Plant Species Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR)

Plant Collection

Coverboards

Grassland Bird Nest Surveys

Pipeline ROW Vegetation Monitoring

Pipeline-Stream Crossing Monitoring

Road-Stream Crossing Assessment

*Alldatasheetscanbefoundviathefollowingpath:

\\nrford12ds1\RPI\RPI_RAID\MonitoringProtocolsandManuals\CurrentManualandProtocols\DatasheetsforManual

Definitions

228

Chapter 10 Definitions

Definitions

229

Definitions

Calibrate Toadjustormark(something,suchasameasuringdevice)sothatitcanbeusedinanaccurateandexactway.

Core Gas Districts Theentirestateforestholdingsofdistricts9,10,12,13,15,16,&20.

Corridor Anarrowtractoflandformingapassagewayorrouteidentifiedbyaspecificcommonpurpose.

Development Permanentortemporaryearthdisturbanceactivitiesrelatedtooilandgasexplorationandproductionnotincludingseismicexploration.

Dissolved Oxygen Theamountofoxygengasthatisdissolvedinwater.Justlikehumans,mostlivingcreaturesinourwatershedsneedoxygentosurvive.Insteadofusinglungstobreatheoxygenintheair,manyaquaticanimalsgetoxygenfromwater,usinggillstobreathe.AstheDOlevelrises,thegillsworkmoreefficiently,butastheDOleveldecreases,itismuchharderforthefishandotheraquaticlifetogettheoxygentheyneedtolive.Dissolvedoxygenconditionsinstreamschangeoverthecourseoftheday,becauseplantsandalgaeproduceoxygenonlyduringthedaytime,whilefish,algaeandotheraquaticlifeconstantlyremoveoxygenfromthewater,dayandnight.StreamswithanunhealthyoverabundanceofalgaeandaquaticlifemayhaveveryseverefluctuationsinDO.Atnightorveryearlyinthemorning,DOconcentrationsmaydroptolevelsthatresultinfishkillsorecosystemdisturbances.(Unitsofmeasure=mg/Lor%DO)

Earth Disturbance Activity (ESCGP‐2)Aconstructionorotherhumanactivitywhichdisturbsthesurfaceoftheland,includinglandclearingandgrubbing,grading,excavations,embankments,landdevelopment,agriculturalplowingortilling,operationofanimalheavyuseareas,timberharvestingactivities,roadmaintenanceactivities,oilandgasactivities,welldrilling,mineralextraction,andthemoving,depositing,stockpiling,orstoringofsoil,rock,orearthmaterials.

Extraction Productionofoilornaturalgasafterawellhasbeendrilledandcompleted.

Exuviae Sloughedoffnaturalanimalcoverings(asintheskinsofsnakes,bugs,etc.)

Gas Districts Districtsthathavebeenrecognizedforthepotentialofunconventionalgasdevelopment(districts2,4,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,19,&20)

Definitions

230

Hardened Surface TocoveruniformlywithmaterialsthatformacompactedworkingsurfacethatisimperviousasdefinedbyDEP.

Impact Tohaveadirecteffectorinfluence.

Infrastructure Facilitiesandtransportationarteriesassociatedwithgasextractionandtransport(i.e.–wellpads,compressorstations,pipelineright‐of‐ways,impoundments.

Limit of Clearance BOFdesignationthatisnegotiatedbetweenthedistrictandgascompanythatfallswithintheLODwhereactualremovalofpredominantvegetationcover,includingoverstory,midcanopyorunderstoryvegetation,and/ororiginalsoilsubstratewilloccur.

Limit of Disturbance(LOD) LinethatdesignatestheseparationbetweentheareasthatcanbedisturbedandthosethatwillnotbedisturbedbasedonthespecificationsoftheDEPapprovedpermit.

PAD Infrastructuresitesthatincludewellpads,compressorstations,freshwaterimpoundments,storagepads,stonepitsandmeter,valveortapstationsandreferstotheactualspacethedesignatedinfrastructureoccupies.

Pad Edge Theextentofthehardenedsurface,theedgeofwhatcouldbeconsideredusableworkspace.Thisdoesnotincludetoeslopeofmaterial.

pH pHmeasureshowacidicorhowalkalineasolutionisonascalefrom0‐14,with7being"neutral"(neitheracidicoralkaline).Smallervaluesindicategreateraciditywhilelargervaluesindicategreateralkalinity.StreampHmayfluctuateoverthecourseofthedaybecauseofbiologicalactivity.MostplantsandanimalsdobestinfairlyneutralwaterwithapHrangeof6.5‐8.0,andmoreextremevalues(eitherhighorlow)areundesirable.SomestreamsinPennsylvaniaareaffectedbyacidminedrainage(AMD),andhaveverylowpH,creatinginhospitableconditionsforfishandotheraquaticlife.(Unitsofmeasure=standardpHunits)

Post Construction Stormwater Management (PCSM) RefertoDEP§102.8.

Results Toendinaparticularway.

ROW Temporary Workspace Clearedareaoutsideofthepermanentfootprintwhichislegallydefinedwithinthepermitandisutilizedonlyduringconstructionofafacility.

Definitions

231

Sinuosity Thetendencyofastreamtomovebackandforthacrossthefloodplain,inanS‐shapedpattern,overtime.Asthestreammovesbackandforthacrossthefloodplain,itmayleavebehindscarsofwheretheriverchanneloncewas.Astreamthatdoesn'tmeanderatallhasasinuosityof1(Sinuosity=actualpathlengthbetweentwopoints/shorteststraightlinedistancebetweentwopoints).Themoremeandersinastream,thehigherthesinuositywillbe.

Specific Conductance Specificconductanceorconductivityistheabilityofwatertocarryanelectricalcurrent.Purewaterisactuallyafairlygoodinsulator,butsubstancesdissolvedinwater,suchassalt(sodiumchloride,orNaCl),canhelpallowelectricalcurrenttoflow.Whenthesaltdissolves,theindividualNaandClatomssplitapart.Thechlorineatomtendsto"steal"anegativelychargedelectronfromsodium,givingthechlorineanegative(‐)electricchargeandsodiumapositive(+)electriccharge.Thesechargedatomsarecalledions.Itbecomesmucheasierforelectricitytoflowwhentherearelotsofpositivelyandnegativelychargedionsdissolvedinthewater.Conductivitydependsonthetotalnumberandtypeofionsinthewater,notjustNaandClfromtablesalt.Conductivitymayincreaseduringwinter,whenionsfromsnowmeltsaltscanrunoffintothestream.[Unitsofmeasure:microsiemens(μs)/centimeter(cm)]

Turbidity Turbidityisameasureofclarity,orthelightscatteringabilityofwater.Lightisscattered(reflectedinrandomdirections)byparticlesthataresuspendedordissolvedinwater.Turbidityismeasuredbyalightsourceshiningthroughthewaterwhileaverysensitivelightsensormeasurestheamountoflightreflectedata90degreeangle.Iftherearelotsofsmallparticlessuspendedinthewater,suchasclayandsiltfromstreambankerosion,muchofthelightwillnotshinestraightthroughthewatersample,butbescatteredoffindifferentdirections.Itisnaturalforturbiditytoincreasesomewhat,alongwithstreamdischarge,inresponsetowetweather.Severeincreasesinturbiditymayindicatesedimentpollutionfromstreamerosion,andthisfinesedimentcanbeharmfultofishandotheraquaticlife.(Unitsofmeasure=NationalTurbidityUnitsorNTU)

State Forest Reclamation Tochangeanareausedforgasdevelopmenttoanotherdistrictapprovedcondition,e.g.recreationparkinginfrastructure,herbaceousopeningorforestedhabitat.

State Forest Restoration Tobringbacktotheoriginalcontour/grade,landuseandfunction.

Well Pad (DEPESCGP‐2)Theareasurroundinganoilorgaswellheadthatissubjecttoearthdisturbanceandthatisusedorplannedforuseforthedrilling,productionorpluggingofthewell,includingassociatedsupportactivities(suchasstorageofchemicals,wastewater,drillcutting,andequipment).Thewellpaddoesnotincluderoads,pipelines,andfacilitiesforthewithdrawal,storage,andconveyanceoffreshwater.

Bibliography

232

Chapter 11 Bibliography

Bibliography

233

Bibliography BevengerandKing1995. DrawingfromBevengerandKing,1995. EnvironmentSouthland.Didymospheniageminata–SurfaceWaterCaseStudy.

www.biosecurity.govt.nz. HoboU24ConductivityLogger(U24‐00x)Manual.HoboTechnicalSupport=800‐

564‐4377. Keefer,J.S.,Marshall,M.R.&Mitchell,B.R.2010.EarlydetectionofInvasivespecies:

Surveillance,monitoring,andrapidresponse:EasternRiversandMountainsNetworkandNortheastTemperateNetwork.NaturalResourcesReportNPS/ERMN/NRR‐2010/196.NationalParkService,FortCollins,Colorado.

Kershaw,K.A.(1968).ClassificationandordinationofNigeriansavannavegetation.

JournalofEcology56(2):467‐482. Kilroy,Cathy,Lagerstedt,Amy,Davey,Andrew,Robinson,Karen.2006.Studiesonthe

survivabilityoftheinvasivediatomDidymospheniageminateunderarangeofenvironmentalconditions.NationalInstituteofWaterandAtmosphericResearchLtd.

Krajina,V.J.(1969).EcologyofforesttreesinBritishColumbia.EcologyofWestern

NorthAmerica2(1):1‐47. Lacey,John;Short,Sam;Mosley,Jeff.MontanaStateExtension.HowtoCollect,Pressand

MountPlants;RevisedApril,2001. Merriam‐WebsterOnlineDictionay.http://www.merriam‐webster.com/ NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDisinfection;Techniquesfor

FishingandBoatingEquipment;2014.http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/50267.html PADCNRInventoryManualofProcedureforthe2009StateForestPlan–Inventoryof

BiologicalResources(Phase3);RevisedMarch2011,EditedFebruary2012.(CFIManual)

PADCNRInventoryManualofProcedurefortheFourthStateForestManagementPlan;

July29,1999.(TypingManual) PADCNRManualforInventoryofWildAreas;January2007.

Bibliography

234

PADEP.AnIndexOfBioticIntegrityForBenthicMacroinvertebrateCommunitiesInPennsylvania’sWadeable,Freestone,Riffle‐RunStreams,Harrisburg,PA(December2013)

PADEPInstreamComprehensiveEvaluationprotocol(DEP2009) PADEP.InstreamComprehensiveEvaluationSurveys,HarrisburgPA(July2013)

PADEPWaterQualityStandardsDefintions.

http://pa.water.usgs.gov/pwd/definitions.php PennsylvaniaFishandBoatCommission.2014.DidymoFactSheet

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/habitat/ans/didymo/faq_didymo.htm PennsylvaniaStormwaterBestManagementPracticesManual,Chapter6

http://stormwaterpa.org/best‐practices‐overview.html User’sGuidefortheExtechInstrumentsDigitalDataloggingSoundLevelMeter,Model

HD600.Version1.2.2007. User’sGuidefortheExtechInstrumentsSoundLevelCalibrators,Model407744and

407766.Version5.1.2010. WestVirginiaDivisionofNaturalResources.2003.Didymo(RockSnot)FactSheet.

http://www.wvdnr.gov/fishing/didymo.shtm. YSIProfessionalPlus–UserManual,2009.YSITechnicalSupport=800‐897‐4151