2018-19 Half-term 3

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YEAR 08 REVISION PACK2018-19 Half-term 3

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Contents• Art• Biology• Chemistry• Classics• Computer Science

• English• French• Geography• German• History

• Maths• Music• Physics• Religion

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YEAR 08 REVISION PACK Half-term 3 2019

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ART: LANDSCAPEThe areas of knowledge for this half term have been broken down into sub-sections based on what you have learned and will need to revise for the exam.

Section 1: Landscape

You will need to answer and describe:Understanding of what a landscape is and the different types.Differentiate between foreground, midground and background in a landscape.

Section 2: Colour-field Painting

You will need to define and describe:Understanding of colour-field painting.The work of Mark Rothko, including the context within which he workedColour palettes and effect of colour-field painting within landscape art – Cold & Warm

Section 3: Perspective and Depth

You will need to describe and explain:Linear – one-point perspective and how depth is created.Aerial – Atmospheric creation of depth.

Section 4: Landscape artists

You will need to recall and describe:The work of Kurt Jackson, including the context and process with which he worked in.The work of L.S. Lowry, including the context and process with which he worked in.The work of Claude Monet, including the context and process with which he worked in.The work of Gilda Baron, including the context and process with which he worked in.The work of George Shaw, including the context and process with which he worked in.

Section 5: Landscape art

You will need to recall and describe:The various mediums used in Landscape artworks and their effects.

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BIOLOGY: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEMVocabulary

Respiration, alveoli , trachea (windpipe), bronchi, bronchioles , pleura, pharynx, larynx, gas exchange ,emphysema, asthma, capillary, haemoglobin, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery

Section 1: Antomy of the respiratory system

Label the parts of the respiratory systemArrange these in the correct order of how the air enters the lungs : Trachea, larynx, alveoli , bronchioles, pharynx, nasal passages, bronchi Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

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Section 2: Mechanism of breathing

What muscles are involved in inhaling and exhaling?What is the role of the pleura?Why does air enter the lungs when the diaphragm contracts? You need to include a reference to differences in air pressureWhy does air leave the lung if the diaphragm relaxes ?

Section 3: Gas exchange in the alveoli

Where do you find the alveoli ?How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange ? Give three examples Where is the concentration of carbon dioxide the highest?- In the alveoli or the capillaries explain What binds oxygen in the red blood cells?What is the blood vessel that goes from the lungs to the heart?

Section 4: Aerobic and anaeoribc respiration

What is the difference between respiration and breathing?What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?What is the word equation for anaerobic respirationWhere does respiration happen in a cell?

Section 5: Lung diseases

What happens if the alveoli break down?Describe a restrictive lung diseaseDescribe an obstructive lung disease Ext : what is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration Ext : what process is the complete opposite to respiration ? (Think of the word equation)

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CHEMISTRY: THE PERIODIC TABLESection 1: The development of the periodic table and the classification of elements

What is a group and what a period in the periodic table?Where do we find metals, non-metals and semi-metals on the Periodic Table?Why Mendeleev is considered the father of the modern Periodic Table? How did he organised the elements?

Section 2: Group 1 and their reactions with water

Where are the alkali metals on the periodic table?Write word and balanced symbol equations to show the reaction of alkali metals with water.Describe the properties of the alkali metals.Explain why the further down the group the alkali metal is the MORE reactive it is.

Section 3: Group 7 and reactivity

Where are the halogens on the periodic table?Explain why the halogens are diatomic.Draw a molecule of fluorine showing the covalent bond.Describe the properties of the halogens.Explain why the further down the group a halogen is the LESS reactive it is.

Section 4: The transition metals

Identify the transition metals on the periodic table.Describe some uses of the following transition metals: gold, copper, silver, titanium, nickel, ironWhat are the properties of the transition metals?Describe some similarities and differences (compare and contrast) between group 1 elements and transition elements.

Section 5: The noble gases

Identify the noble gases on the periodic table.Explain why the noble gases are unreactive.Describe some uses of the noble gases.Compare the reactivity of the noble gases and the halogens.

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CLASSICSNouns – the dative case

Endings:1st declension: singular – ae, plural – is2nd declension: singular – o, plural – is3rd declension: singular – i, plural – ibuse.g. puellae – to the girle.g. servo – to the slavee.g. regi – to the king

Try these examples:

canibusamicofiliaeturbisuxoris

Dative of possession:

puero unus liber estLiterally: There is one book to the boy.Translate: The boy has one book.Examples to try:canem mihi est.praemium tibi est.multi dei nobis sunt.

Dative of personal pronouns:

mihi – to metibi – to younobis – to usvobis – to you (pl)Verbs that take the dative:credere – believeostendere-to showdisplicere - displease

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favere – favor dicere-to say placere – please dare-to give respondere – answer persuadeo-pursuade

You must know everything that you learnt about Horace

What did he do in the civil war?Who was his emperor?Where did he live?What are his poems called?What are they about?

You must know all the vocabulary from this half term (60 words)

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COMPUTER SCIENCE: CREATING MUSIC/CIRCUITS WITH RASPBERRY PI Section 1: Raspberry Pi Architecture

What is Raspberry pi?Know that Raspberry Pi has an ARM11 RISC processorKnow the operating system that is used on the Raspberry Pi Understand primary memory used in Raspberry pi(RAM,ROM and cache)Understand the function of CPU(Fetch,decode and execute cycle).Difference between Hardware and softwareWhat is System on Chip (SoC)Advantages of System on a chip

Section 2: CPU performance and embedded Computer System

The main factors which affect the performance of a CPU are:The clockThe coresThe cacheUnderstand how the clock speed affects the CPU performanceUnderstand how adding additional cores can improve the CPU performanceBe able to explain why a quad core processor won’t necessarily improve CPU performance four foldBe able to explain how having cache memory improves CPU performanceUnderstand the role of embedded computers and general purpose computers

Section 3: Terminal commands in Linux

Know the different Terminal Commands – Directories, Files and General commands. Know and understand the key differences between a Command Line interface and Graphical User Interface

Section 4: Programming Music using Sonic Pi

A.Know the interface of Sonic Pi and what different icons are used forB.What the play and sleep command doC.How to create a loop to repeat a set of instructions D.Know how to change the synthesizer sounds using use_synth: name command.E.Know that samples are pre-recorded soundKnow how to play two tunes at the same time using in_thread do

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Section 5: Building Circuits and using GPIO Pins & Python

Know what the basic electronic components of a circuit – resistor, LED, breadboard, and switches. Know the different GPIO pins and what they represent Know how the holes on the breadboard are connected Explain how to connect a circuit to the Raspberry Pi Explain simple Python programs that control circuits

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ENGLISH: SHORT STORY REVISIONVocabulary

Annihilate (v) – destroy utterly; obliterateBureaucracy (n) – excessively complicated administrative procedure Profoundly (adv) – extremely; greatlyTenacious (adj) – determined; persistent; not easy to get rid of Temerity (n) – excessive confidence or boldness; audacity Reprieve (v) – cancel or postpone the punishment of someoneCulmination (n) – the highest or climactic point of somethingEpiphany (n) – a moment of sudden and great realization or revelationInconspicuous (adj) – not clearly visible or attracting attentionSpontaneous (adj) – occurring without premeditationReminisce (v) – indulge in enjoyable recollection of past eventsEnthrall (v) – capture the fascinated attention of Turbulent (adj) – characterized by chaos, confusion, disorderAudacity (n) – willingness to take bold riskHaphazard (adj) – random, disorganisedWhimsical (adj) – playful, mischievous, changeableDeluge (n) – a severe floodEncapsulate (v) – express the essential features of something succinctly (briefly)Subsequent (adj) – coming after something in timeGrammar – Clauses and Punctuation for ImpactA clause is a part of a sentence which includes at least a subject and a verb.

Main Clauses

The equation for a main clause is subject + verb = complete thought.

Subordinate Clauses

The equation for a subordinate clause is subordinate conjunction + subject + verb = incomplete thought.

Subject-Verb-Order

The basic order of a main or subordinate clause is: subject - verb – objectSemi-Colons ; ; ;

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To connect two related sentences.Teams up with a transition to connect two sentences close in meaning.To separate a complicated list of items.

Colons : : : :

To introduce a listTo introduce an explanation, conclusion or amplification.Can be used to emphasise a phrase or single word at the end of a sentence.

Dashes - - - -

In pairs, to mark off information or ideas that are not essential to an understanding of the rest of the sentence.To show other kinds of break in a sentence where a comma, semicolon, or colon would be traditionally used.Can be used like ellipsis to suggest missing information.

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FRENCHTo succeed at the exam you must know the following points:

Describing your family using adjectives (intelligent, amusant, marrant…).

Adjectival agreements.

Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her = mon/ma, mes, ton/ta, tes).Describing yourself and other people using adjectives (gros, grand, mince, petit…).Using the verbs avoir and être in the present tense.Using definite and indefinite articles with places in town (l’église, la patinoire, le centre commercial…).Using prepositions to talk about places in time (devant, derrière, en face de…).Using the near future to talk about arrangements for going out.Using “aujourd’hui, demain…” to talk about plans.Using prepositions “à, au”, and “aux” to talk about places in town.

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GEOGRAPHY: METEROLOGYWeather Instruments and Weather Classifications

What is the difference between weather and climate?What weather instruments are used and how do they work?Weather observations Classifying various weather conditions around the UK

The Climate of the UK and influences

Air massesAnalysing climate graphs and mapsOcean currents, latitude/altitude and prevailing wind

High/Low pressure and Warm/Cold Fronts

Atmospheric pressure and wind direction Weather fronts and weather conditionsIsobars and density of air Cloud formation

Weather Charts and Weather Forecasts

Decoding synoptic weather mapsAnalysing weather chartsUnderstanding weather forecast terminology Making weather predictions in the UK

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GERMANDas Essen und die Getränke:

Das Brot: breadDie Butter: butterDer Käse: cheeseDie Wurst: sausageDer Schinken: hamDas Ei: eggDas Spiegelei: fried eggDer Lachs: salmonDie Marmelade: jamDer Honig: honeyDas Obst: fruitsDas Gemüse: vegetablesDas Eis: ice creamDer Keks: biscuitDie Torte: cakeDer Tee: teaDer Kafee: coffeeDer Saft: juiceDas Wasser: waterEssen (to eat): ich esse, du isst, er isst, wir essen, ihr esst, sie essen.Trinken (to drink): ich trinke, du trinkst, er trinkt, wir trinken, ihr trinkt, sie trinken.Was trinkst du gern?: What do you like drinking?Ich esse lieber Schinken: I prefer eating ham.Das Wetter:Es ist... : it is....Heiß: hotKalt: coldSonnig: sunnyWindig: windyWolkig: cloudyNeblig: foggy

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Stürmisch: stormyEs...: it......regnet: ...rains...schneit: ...snows...friert: ...freezes...hagelt: ...hailsDie Temperatur ist hoch/niedrig: the temperature is high/lowEs wird regnen/schneien/frieren: it will rain/snow/freezeEs wird windig/wolkig sein: it will be windy/cloudyEs gibt Regen: there is rain

Die Jahreszeiten: the seasons

Der Winter: winterDer Sommer: summerDer Frühling: springDer Herbst: autumn

Wie war der Urlaub?: How was your holiday?

Die Reise: the journeyDie Reise war wunderbar/furchtbar: the journey was wonderful/awfulWährend des Urlaubs war das Wetter schön: during the holiday the weather was nice.

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HISTORYSection 1: The Causes of the First World War

Describe the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.Describe the Schlieffen plan.Explain the alliance system prior to World War One.Explain how militarism and imperialism made World War One more likely.

Section 2: The Western Front

Describe the conditions on the Western Front.Write an account of one battle on the Western Front.

Section 3: The Eastern Front

Write an account of one battle on the Eastern Front.Explain why Russia withdrew from World War One in 1917.

Section 4: Post War Peace Settlements- The Rise of Fascism in Europe

Describe the Treaty of Versailles.Explain how the Treaty of Versailles made World War Two more likely.

Section 5: Hitler’s Rise to Power

Explain how the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 lead to Hitler’s rise to power.Explain how the 1929 Wall St. Crash lead to Hitler’s rise to power.

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MATHSSection 1: Volume of prisms

You must be able to calculate;Volume of cubes and cuboidsVolume of triangular prismsVolume of cylinders

Section 2: Surface area of prisms

You must be able to calculate;Surface areas of cubes and cuboids Surface area of triangular prisms

Section 3: Circle

You must be able to calculate;Area circumference of circlesArea circumference of semi circles

Section 4: Converting units

You must be able to calculate;Imperial and metric conversionsArea and volume conversion

Section 5: Algebra

You must be able to;Write formulae and form expressionsRearrange formulae

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MUSICThe areas of knowledge for this half term have been broken down into sub-sections based on what you are required to do with this knowledge.

Section 1: Notation

You will need to recall:The name of the thing that music is writtenThe notes of the treble clef, along with the rhymes taught to help you rememberThe first leger-lined note below the bottom line

Section 2: Duration

You will need to recall:The names of the basic rhythmic notes taughtThe note values (i.e. number of beats) of the basic rhythmic notes taughtWhat ties do to the musical rhythms, and be able to calculate the correct number of beats featured

Section 3: Intervals

You will need to recall:The differences between tones and semitonesThe ability to apply these to a major scale

Section 4: Piano notes

You will need to recall:The best method for you to identify a starting point when working out the layout of the piano notesThe correct direction you work through the alphabet when ascending or descending the pianoThe two different names for each black note of the piano

Section 5: Orchestral musical instruments

You will need to recall:The names of the different orchestral musical instruments belonging to each orchestral familyThe names of the different orchestral musical instruments from looking at their picturesThe names of the different orchestral musical instruments from reading their descriptionsThe correct spellings of all these orchestral musical instruments

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PHYSICS: WAVESYou must know the following areas of knowledge for your HT3 exams.

Lesson 1: Wave Properties

Wavelength – length of one wave.Amplitude – height of the wave, from the rest position to the peak or trough. Peak – highest point of a wave, sometimes known as the “crest”.Trough – lowest point of the wave. Rest position – middle of the wave.

Frequency – number of waves that pass a point in one second. Measured in hertz (Hz). Oscillation – one full vibration, so one oscillation is one wave. Perpendicular – at a right angleParallel – in the same direction.Longitudinal – oscillations are parallel to the direction of the wave. Examples include: sound, seismic (earthquake) P-wavesTransverse – oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the wave. Examples include: light, EM waves, seismic (earthquake) S-waves

Lesson 2: The EM Spectrum

The EM spectrum is the same given to a range of waves with different frequencies that travel through a vacuum at the same speed and transfer energy.The speed of all EM waves is 3x108 m/s. This is also called “the speed of light”.Vacuum – space with no particles. The waves in order from longest wavelength to shortest wavelength is: radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays. The wavelength, frequency and amount f energy trasnfered by each type of EM wave is different:

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o Radio waves have large wavelengths, low frequency and transfer low energy. o Gamma rays have smaller wavelengths, higher frequency and transfer high energy.o High frequency waves transfer more energy.

The wavelengths of the EM waves are roughly these sizes: o Radio waves: 103 mo Microwaves: 10-2 mo Infrared: 10-5 mo Visible light: 0.5 x 10-6 mo Ultraviolet: 10-8 mo X-ray: 10-10 mo Gamma ray: 10-12 m

LESSON 3: Uses and dangers of EM waves

EM Wave Uses Why this use? DangersRadio waves Communications

like radio signals and TV

Because long wavelengths can bend around curved earth and travel far.*

Very few dangers because low frequency.

Microwaves Communicating with satellites in space.

Microwaves can travel through Earth’s watery atmosphere.*

Some frequency of microwaves can heat the water in your bodies.

Infrared Used to cook food (e.g. toasters), thermal imaging cameras

Hotter objects emit more IR radiation.

Can cause skin burns

Visible light Used in fibre optic for high speed internet.

The fibres can make light reflect.

Intense visible light can cause blindness

Ultraviolet Security markings that are invisible to the eye.

Florescent inks can absorb UV and emit it as visible light.*

Causes skin cancer

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X-rays and gamma rays

Used to diagnose and treat cancer.

The waves can pass through the body.

Gamma and X-rays can cause cancer. Higher frequency waves transfer more energy so can cause the DNA in cells to mutate.

LESSON 4: Sound waves

Medium – a material that a sound wave travels through, e.g. air, metal etc. How do sound waves travel through a medium?

o Sound waves are caused by objects vibratingo These vibrations pass on to particles in a solid, liquid or gas causing areas of compression and rarefactions. o Sound travels fastest in solids because they are closer together.o Sound cannot travel in a vacuum like space because there are no particles for the vibrations to travel through.

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How do we hear sounds?

1. Vibrations travel through pinna into ear canal and cause ear drum to vibrate. 2. Ear drum causes tiny bones called ossicles to vibrate. 3. These vibrations pass on to cochlea which turn them into electrical signals. 4. These electrical signals passed onto brain through auditory canal.

What are the different types of sound?

o Infrasound: sounds below 20 Hzo Audible range: 20 Hz – 20 000 Hzo Ultrasound: above 20 000 Hz (20 kHz)

LESSON 5: Waves for exploration

Scientists can explore the layers of the universe using sounds: o Scientists use explosions to create waves that travel through the different layers of the Earth. o By observing how these waves behave, scientists can work out what these layers are like (e.g. how thick they are, if they are a solid or a liquid).

Scientists use S-waves and P-waves to understand what the layers of the Earth are like: o S-waves: transverse, cannot travel through liquids (so cannot go through the outer core onto the other side of the world. o P-waves: longitudinal, can travel through liquid so can come out on the other side of the world.

Ultrasound is used on ships to measure the distance to the seafloor. Ultrasound waves are sent out of the ship, the waves then reflect on the sea floor back to the ship. The ship times how long it takes for the wave to come back. This is used to calculate the distance to the seabed. Ultrasound is also used to image unborn babies. Ultrasound waves are sent into the body. The waves reflect at different boundaries (e.g. different parts of the foetus). A detector measures how long it takes for these waves to reflect back and a computer uses this information to build up an image.

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RELIGIONHINDUISM

How to revise

Read through your class work, prep notes and knowledge grid to make sure you have a good understanding of each of the areas of knowledge. If you do not, then revise that area of knowledge. Firstly, make sure you have completed all previous prep on that area of knowledge. Then start doing something active to help yourself remember the key facts. For example, change notes from one format into a different format: bullet points into a diagram or extended answers into bullet points.

SUBJECTS

Section 1: Hindu Gods

The role of Vishnu, Shiva and BrahmaReasons why particular Gods are and are not worshipped

Section 2: Hindu Narrative

-The plot of the Ramayana-Significance of the Ramayana to Hindus today-Symbolism of the Ramayana

Section 3: The Vedas

-The language and age of the Vedas-Sections of the Vedas (Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads)-The significance of the Upanishads

Section 4: Living as a Hindu

-The four Ashramas (stages of life)-Hindu views on the ascetic lifestyle

Section 5: Hindu Philosophy

-Samsara, Atman and Moksha-Similarities and differences with Buddhist ideas on life, death and the afterlife

Key terms

Polytheism: the belief in the existence of multiple gods Avatars: a physical form that gods can take.The Vedas: the Hindu holy text which is made up of four books.Puranas: ancient texts which include stories about the gods.

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Diwali: the Hindu festival of light (also celebrated by Sikhs and Jains)Holi: the Hindu festival of colour/springRevelation: a message from a god.Atman: the eternal soul. The part of you which is carries your karma from reincarnation to reincarnation.Samsara: the cycle of reincarnation.Moksha: liberation from the cycle of reincarnation.Brahman: the ultimate life force or energy of the universe. Ashramas: the four life stages which one should go through in order to live the ideal life.Brahmacarya: the first ashrama where one learns duties. Grihastha: the second ashrama where one marries and enjoys pleasuresVanaspratha: the third ashrama where one passes wealth to the next generationSannyasa: the final ashrama where one lives as ascetic and focuses on the divine.

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2018-19 Half-term 3