2018 Volume I, No. Established 2015. - Hparat Panglai...Established 2015. Volume I, No. 2018 4 Hparat Panglai Journal byin rai ai shara ni mung, Miwa hpaga masing gran tawn ai lamugah

2018 Volume IV, No. V Established 2015.

1Hparat Panglai Journal

Established 2015. Volume IV, No. V 2018

2 Hparat Panglai Journal

AdvisersDr. JJ Lum Dau (Ph.D, Shinawatra University, Bangkok)Wang Hkang AwngEditor-in-ChiefB.D. MaranManaging EditorKareng Tu JaDeputy EditorDumsa Lawt AwngForeign CorrespondenceAnaw (Chiangmai)Nnau Brang Nan (Innau, Ap, India)Computer SectionSumlut Roi SengSumlut Bawk HkawnLayout hte DesignGumring Zau Mai (Tanghpre)Website MasterHkangda Brang San Awng (California) Manager forFinance and DistributionHkangda Hkam NyoiColumnistsAll staff members of HPLNContact InformationHparat Panglai Laika NauraLawk - V, Munglai Mazup,Laiza Mare, KachinlandEmail : [email protected] : www.h-panglai.comPh : + 95947028138Hparat Panglai Journal hpe laning mi htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai.(Buk 1 = Ks. 1500/-)

HPARAT PANGLAI JOURNAL

Htet Lah Mai SaiMatut Mahkai Lah Gaq

3 Editorial Mahkuh

7 Wunpawng myusha ningbaw ni a mahku mahkau (JJ Lum Dau)

10 အာရ ႏဘယဆရင ကခင အမးသမး လဖငဆငးေရာ (ေဇာေနာလငး)

12 တနးတညမမႈရမရ Myanmar Quarterly Symposium (Hkru Tsit, HLD)

13 ျမနမာ တပမေတာ၏ နယေျမ ရငးလငးေရး အလမရ Mung Ding Pa buga hpyen yen tsin-yam (Maran Naw Din)

23 Gawt Shagrawt Gasat Majan Sumlar (II WW, Japan Majan) Sut Suh Hkawn

25 Lachyum shaleng ga ni (Hkawp Pungwa)

26 Munghpawm Myen Mungh kata nah Wunpawngsha ni a Gammaka (Shagawng Brang)

28 Kamhpa Shara KIO (Myo Li Awng, LPJ Laiza)

29 Presentation (Myanmar Chapter) 2018 APLFD Round Table Meeting, 8-10 December

2018, (Jen Lomethong)

30 Asak (70) ning rai sayang, hpyen rang-rut la ai myu tsaw brang (Uma Zai)

32 Wunpawng sha ni a makyit sumri masum KIO Ningshawng Sanit Majan (Seven Stars) hpaw

hpang ai lam (Kudawng Seng)

36 Jawng kata na democracy a shingdu labau (Uma Shadang)

39 Kawq-lakai re ai pungga ja li a prat ndai (Nding Tawng Ra, ညြနၾကားေရးမး HLD)

41 Miwa mungh jinghpawsu ni tsun shaga lang nga ai Myen garsi garhkum (Hparat Panglai Reporter)

42 Wunpawng zaiwa htunghking hte laili laika hkrumzup bawngban hpawng galaw (Jang Hkawng, Kawng Shan, Miwa Gumsan Mungdan)

(Dkb. Lahpai Zau Tang , H.L.D )

MALAWM NI

Laning mi Ks 7500/-

(Myen mungh postal Service nga ai shara ni)





Kachin IDPs tsin-yam chyinghkraw galoi hkan htum na law? : Ndai hpe dantawk mahtai n tsun sana nngai. Raitim, byin taw nga ai Kachin amyusha mungh masa manawt dingsawt hteq FPNCC, mungsang masa lawnglam satlawat ni hpe gumhpawn shingdaw hpungtang kashaw ngoi dan dat na. Mahtai gaw, dai kawq lawm sai.

AD 2050 ning eh, Miwa gaw mungkan ting hpe satlawat langai ngai hteq, lu dagup manat hkra, policy (vision) masa jahkrat tawn nga ai. Dai yawshada hpe hkrang shawq na matu, taq-tut galaw hpang dat ai "zai ninggawn masing" (maha byuha, strategy planning) gaw, "Miwa hpaga mungkan shinggrup lam" ngu ai "Yi Lu Yi Tai" (One Belt One Road) rai nga maluq ai. Mungsang mungkan ting hku nna yiq-ngam sharawt dat ai Miwa bungli kaba nan, rai nga sai. Ndai masing kata eh, lawq dik nga taw sai Miwa masha jahpan hpe bai

lawq kahtap jat na wuhkya ni mung, hpawq ya hkra, rai nga sai. Yaq gaw, Miwa yuptung masha jahpan wan 1400 (million) du nga sai. Lachyum gaw, mungkan ting, Miwa masha hkrai hkrai hpring chyat galup wa lu ai masa langai, rai nga ai. Miwa aq "One Belt One Road" masing hpe sinnaq mungdan ni mau kajawng maluq ai. N raq sharawng ya nga ai.

Mungkan prat World War I & II aten hkan gaw, kasat galar hteq maden galup ai. Dai hpang, katsi majan (Cold War) masa satlawat hteq, bai kasat maden magraq wa masai. Yaq dainih 21st tsaban eh, jagumhpraw hpaga yamga masa satlawat hteq, a-ngwi apyaw rawtjat (peaceful rise) maden hkrang ningnan lailen hpe bai jailang nna dagup rawng lah nga manuq ai.

Myen mungh gaw, Miwa hpaga mungkan shinggrup lam" bungli yiq-ngam aq

Editorial Mahkuh

tarang naura pa kaba langai hku, galaw hpang nga masai. Jinghpaw mungh mung, Miwa nhpung htingrep lakang pawt diq, matut nga ai. Bai nna Miwa hteq Myen lamugah jarit deng 1385 matut hkat nga maluq ai. Myen mungh mung, Miwa "One Belt One Road" masing aq raq ahkyak nga ai Bengal panglai hpunggawq ningdung shara eh diq, nga taw ya ai, re. India nah Arunachal Pradesh hpe dainih du hkra, "Miwa mungh re" ngu tawn nga maluq ai. Shanghtim kasat masai. Galar sum ai. Miwa sumtsan datkasa rapdawq ni gaw, dainih du hkra, Arunachal Pradesh masha ni hpe "mungh shang ahkang" (visa) n jawq nga maluq ai. Jinghpaw mungh hpe mung, maden dagup gamung kaba ni nga laiwa sai. Yaq gaw, hpaga yamga lam lamaw kaba, hkrangleng lam kaba, hkaq madim kaba, ... ni hpawq galaw wa nga ai. Tatmadaw hteq KIA ni majan lajaq lanar byin





byin rai ai shara ni mung, Miwa hpaga masing gran tawn ai lamugah ni hkan, ang ang rai nga ai. KIA ni mung, "Padang Sector" (25/4/2012; 2K of Padang Sector) masing htaq lai nna ngam ai majan mahpan ni yawng gaw, "Shinglaq Ninghkap Hkap Hkam Majan" masing madang hkrai, rai nga ai. Tatmadaw bai rai yang, KIA hpe kasat shagrawt shamyit masing madang hteq, nut agrawp jawq ai. Moi gaw, Kachin IDPs hkrang satlawat n nga ai. Dainih gaw, bai nga ai. Lachyum gaw, KIO tekjum magraq tawn ai lamugah dampa ni, shawng nah satlawat htaq, grau grau grai gyip mat maq wa ai majaw mung, rai nga ai. Myen Tatmadaw aq ru jung lagra maden matwa ai lamugah ni grau grau damlada kaba jat wa ai majaw mung, rai nga ai. Kachin mungh shawa masha ni htawq bra nna wa shinggyin mahkawng majawq shajang ai gaw, Kachin IDPs dabang ni rai sai. Ndai gaw, shing-ra mabyin masa (law of nature) hkrang htaq, "daru magam ninggun htum hkyet" (power vacuum) wa jang, laga mabyin masa ni bai lwi shang wa ai htung, rai aq.Myen mungh htaq, Tatmadaw hpe chyawm kasat ai laknak hpai wuhpung ni lawq nga maluq ai. Shadaq daq mung,

nut hkat wa masai. Yaq mung, shadaq daq kasat hkat nga ai. Kongbawng Myen Hkawhkam dynasty (1752-1885) mung, ndai zawn shadaq daq kasat hkat ai kawq, ninggun kya si sum maq shajang wa jang, Shwebo nah "Alawng Min Tarah" wa aloi sha, dagup magawn lah nna shabyin lah ai Myen Kongbawng Hkawseng mungh, rai nga ai.

Myen mungh laknak hpai rawtmalan ni lagaw lataq lahkrip kahkyin shara ai hku nna 1976 ning htaq, "National Democratic Front" (NDF) ngu nna hpyen masa kahkin hpawq shabawn wa sai. Shanglawt mung, 1983 ning, NDF deq, sa shanglawm masai. CPB (Communist hpung) ni, dai NDF eh n shanglawm nga ai. Yak ai gaw, masa n bung shajang nga maluq ai. KIO gaw, 1988 ning kawq, "Dingdung NDF" (Northen NDF) ngu nna SSPP, WNO, PSLP ni hteq, gumhpawn shabawn hpawq dat masai. Kachin gaw, woiawn ningbaw rai nga ai. Masa n bung hkat tim, CPB hteq Northen NDF wuhpung ni hpyenman rum, kasat wa masai. 1988 ning htaq, NDF hpe grau damlada ai hku nna "Democratic Alliance of Burma" (DAB) hku nna wuhpung 22 ting, lawm ai shadaw dawqnu kaba hpe

chyawm sharawt dat manuq ai. Dai kawq mung, CPB nah gaq garan pru wa ai UWSA ni n shanglawm nga ai. KIO mung, 1994 ning eh, Myen hpyen shadip magam hteq gap hkat jahkring taq-masat mahkret ai hpang, "NDF, DAB" shabawn matep nna shaprawq shaleq kau ai hkrum nga maluq ai.

17 ning ting, gap hkat jahkring tawn nna Tatmadaw shadip magam ni gaw, BGF gamung hteq, bai kasat galar zawzang hpang wa ai shaloi, KIO gaw "Union of Nationalities Federal Council" (UNFC) dawqhpum dawqnu (laknak hpai rawtmalan wuhpung ni) hpe woiawn sharawt shadun dat masai. Ndai UNFC htaq mung, UWSA wuhpung ni n shanglawm nga ai. Myen hpyen shadip magam aq NCA gamung ninghkan, UNFC dawqnu kaba mung, dawq ayai hkyihpyek mat manuq ai. KIO mung, UNFC nah bai pru manuq ai. Dai hpang, UWSA woiawn ai "Federal Political Negotiation Co-ordination Committee" (FPNCC) "saqra shara" (Eastern Salween Region) deq, dawnghkawn bai wa sharawt jun tawn nga sai.

FPNCC : FPNCC htaq, "Kachin, Balawng, Rakhine, Kokang, Sam, Mungla,



Wa" ni lawm nga ai. UWSA (Wa) gaw, FPNCC nah woiawn ningbaw rai nga ai. Yaq yang, ninggun jaq dik mung, UWSA wa rai nga ai. Shanhte yawng aq datkasa rapdawq dabang mung, Wa Gah (Saphkung Sinprawq Hkran Ginra) eh, jung tawn nga ai. Wa hte Mungla yan gaw, Myen Tatmadaw hteq n gap hkat nga maluq ai. Ngam ai wuhpung ni gaw, Tatmadaw ni hteq gap hkat nga ai. UWSA ni gaw, Myen munghpawm nna n gaq garan pru na lam hpe tsun ndau nga manuq ai, re. Wuhpung langai hteq langai aq labau mungh masa ni n bung shajang nga ai zawn, shanhte aq shingduq raq sharawng lam ni mung, shai hkat nga ai. Mabyin masa gaw, shanhte ru jung nga ai lamugah mungh masa majaw mung, rai nga ai. Labau mabyin masa hku nna ninghtang mada yu dat yang, Miwa gaw KIO htaq, grau nna UWSA hpe kam kaba nga ai. Bai, "Saphkung hkaq sinprawq hkran" (Eastern Sanlween Region) lamugah gaw, Miwa eh Myen mungh hpe ginsup datdat re ai maiwang rai nga luq ai. Lamugah hpyen masa hku nna ahkyak nga maluq ai, re. Dantawk, Myen mungh ting hpe duq manat loi ai maiwang shara byin nga ai. "Hpimaw, Gawlan, Kangfang"lamugah manghkang aten, CPB aten

(North East Command), UWSA aten, ... ni hkan jailang nga ai. Saphkung hkaq sinprawq hkran lamugah htum ai hteq, Miwa ni ahkyak tawn galaw nga ai "Greater Mekong Sub-region" (GMS) & "Lancang-Mekong Cooperation" (LMC) masing bungli kaba ni galaw tawn nga ai. Ndai ni gaw, ASEAN mungdan ni deq, hkriqshawn tawn ai One Belt One Road bungli, rai nga maluq ai. FPNCC kata, "Wa, Mungla, Balawng" ni gaw Austro-Asiatic masha hpan nah "Mon-Khmer" tsun shaga gar hpan wuhpung ni hku nna grau mahkuq mahkau mahkriq shawn shajang nga ai. FPNCC htaq, UWSA gaw, Wa Gah shim lam matu, lamugah masa hkan nna Balawng (TNLA) hpe grau grau pawm shawung tawn nga ai. Balawng rangrut sharin dabang, Balawng hpyendu jawng ni hpe UWSA shara eh hpawq tawn nga ai. Dai kawq nna shalat, shalawq, shabra dat lu nga ai. Balawng hpe jahpai tawn ai laknak ni gaw, ngam ai wuhpung ni hpai ai htaq, grau hkrak kaja ai hkrai, rai nga ai. Ngam ai ni hpe gaw, manu jahpu kaba hteq, dut jawq nga ai. Balawng ni, kalang mi bai grai myit-su myitrawt shajang nga ai. TNLA hpyenlar ninggun gaw, mun lam du nga manuq ai.

Balawng bai rai yang, taqtut eh lamugah manghkang shabyin nga ai. Rakhine (AA) ni gaw, lamugah lagaga rai nga ai majaw, zim nga ai. Dingdaq Sam rawtmalan ni hteq Balawng ni udat shara kashun ai majaw, bai gap hkat hkat rai nga ai. FPNCC nah Sam hteq Dingdaq Sam (RCSS) yan mung, nut hkat nga ai. Kokang rawtmalan ni mung, lamugah shara n lu ai ni, rai nga ai. Kokang hteq Balawng rawtmalan ni aq lamugah udat shara shalau ai lam, shanhte shamu shamawt shingwang shingkang ni KIA lamugah shara ni deq, chyinglau bang bang rai nga ai. Balawng hpyenlar ni, "moi gaw, Kachin ni Balawng hpe gawt kasat ai; yaq gaw, Balawng ni Kachin hpe bai gawt kasat ra sai" ngu nna mung, tsun shaga taw nga masai, re. Masha amyu hpan ni gayau gaya chyawm nga pra ai lamugah eh wabyin ai manghkang ni rai nga ai. Taqtut hparan yak wa ai bawq, satlawat ni pru pru rai nga ai. Yaq nah Sam rawtmalan ban masha ni mung, Kachin substate mabyin labau hpe n chye ya nga ai. Myen hpyen ni shalau shalut ai gaw, hkangman mi rai nga ai. KDA Mahtuq wa mung, ndai zawn ayak ahkak matep chyat wa ai majaw, kazawt ra wa ai sheq, n rai



aq dawng! UWSA gaw, ka-ni nanghpam majaw, mungh masa mying hten nga ai. Ndai manghkang eh, ginchyum chyat gyip wa jang, hkye lah na gaw Tatmadaw chyu sha, rai nga ai. Lo Hsing-han, Khun Sa ni hpe hkyak hkyak eh, hkye shawq tawn ai mung, Tatmadaw ni rai nga ai. Yaq bai Christian makam ni hpe pat nga ai. Ndai mabyin masa ni mung, UWSA kawq wa hkrah nga maluq ai. Jaq wa ai Balawng (TNLA) satlawat galai wa jang, FPNCC hteq Sam mungh lamugah nah rawtmalan mungh masa mung, bai shai wa lu nga ai. Lachyum gaw, "policy" hpe gran tawn manuq ai. Raitim, dai hpe hkrang shawq nah "strategy" (maha byuha) n ka jahkrat tawn lu nga maq ai. Ang-katut htaq, yu nna kanawt ai "action plan" hteq, hkrai sa nga ai. "BGF, 21st Tsaban Panglong, NCA, Tatmadaw langai sha, N gaq garan pru na" ni gaw, Myen aq "maha byuha" (strategy) ni hkrai, rai nga ai. Myen policy masa ni n rai nga ai. Laknak hpai rawtmalan ni wa chyaq taw ai maiwang sumgawn mung, ndai ni rai nga sai.

Kachin IDPs hteq Rohingya Refugee satlawat ni shai shajang nga ai. Myen shadip magam ni, Rohingya Refugee ni hpe ninghtang wa na matu, "hkap lah nga

sai" nga tim, kadai mung n wa shajang nga maluq ai. UN hteq mungkan wuhpung wuhpawng ni n madiq shadaw ya nga maluq ai. Lachyum gaw, Rohingya amyu ni matu, Rakhine eh grak-lagra hkamdaga hpar nan n galaw tawn nga maluq ai. Bai hkrup shah jamjau na hpe hkrit tsang nga maluq ai. Myen mungh gaw, shinggyim ahkaw ahkang n nga ai mungdan wa byin nga ai. Kachin IDPs manghkang hpe gaw, Myen ni jaji jarang rai n hparan nga maluq ai. "Hkap lah nga sai, Wa manuq, Dum ntah galaw ya sai, ..." ngu n tsun nga ai. Shai ai gaw, ndai rai nga ai. Tatmadaw Myen ni raq ai gaw, n lawq amyu Kachin ni hpe shaning galu IDPs Camp hku nna shachyup shabawn dip tawn lu magang, Shanglawt rawtmalan hpe shamyit kau

lu na zai ninggawn (maha byuha) ladat kaba rai nga ai. Majan sha, n zim dingsa ngamu ngamai n mai byin ai bawq hkrang, rai taw nga ai. Ninghtang wa tim, bai htawq ayai jamjau na ginjang ni lawq lawq nga nga ai. Lachyum gaw, KIA majan n nga jang sheq, wa nga mai ai bawq, satlawat masa rai nga sai. Kachin IDPs ni mung, tinang lawt lu lam hpe yi-nam ladawq shang wa ai aten nah "shuqgawng, shuqtek, shuqnuh, shuqchyit, ..." ni nji n-gu marawn ngoi garu wu ai zawn, lar-malau nji nmu marawn taw nga ra manit dai. Gai, ndai daram hpungtang kashaw sayang gaw, Kachin IDPs prat galoi ugut gu na law? ngu ai hpe maram lu na sai nhten!

B.D. MaranEditor-in-Chief

Cartoon



Du Kaba Lahpai Naw Seng gaw, 1949

February 16 ya shani Toungoo kaw nna Kayin rawtmalan hpu nau ni hte pawnghpawm nhtawm, U Nu shadip magam hpe ninghkap gasat hpang wa sai. Nhtoi 6 ya laman Maymyo du hkra myihprap zawn lawan ai hte zing lung wa lu sai. Raitimung, Namhkam du ai shaloi tinggyeng lu lawm lam hta myit marin ai tinang myusha salang nkau a majaw awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu ai mungdan gawgap na matu asak apnawng let shakut wa ai Du Kaba Naw Seng hte shi a hpang hkan myutsaw mungtsaw ni gaw, kaga lata na mahkrun n nga sai majaw, Miwa Gumsan mungdan de yen shang mat wa masai.

1967 November shata hta KIO Ningbaw Malai, Brig. Lahtaw Zau Tu woi awn ai KIO kasa hpung kaba langai gaw, Kunning, Peking, Shanghai, Chan Cha mare kaba ni kaw hkan du nhtawm, Miwa Gumsan Mungdan ningbaw ningla ni hte nachying manu

rawng ai kasi hku nna masat masa mahku mahkau hpe shangang shakang wa sai.

Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung (KIO) gaw, dam lada ai hkam la lam hpe manu tawn nhtawm, mahku mahkau lam hta democracy lam yan hkan ai sinna mungdan ni hte kanawn mazum ai zawn, socialist maga de shanang ai mungdan ni hte mung, kanawn mazum wa sai. Tatut kaw, woi ahpun lakung magra shamat ai lam n byin hkra mung jahtuk kanawn wa masai. GOC Lahtaw Zau Seng gaw mungkan ting na Communist ni hpe ninghkap ai World Anti-Communist mungdan ni hpawngchyawm ai mungkan zuphpawng kaba kaw shang lawm wa ai zawn, Ningbaw Kaba Maran Brang Seng yan Ningbaw Kaba Lanyaw Zawng Hra, Howa Du Maran Ja La, JJ Lum Dau ni gaw, Karachi mare kaba kaw galaw ai World Muslim Congress Conference kaw sa shang lawm ai hta n ga, mungkan kaw Christian myusha ni hpe ninghkap nga ai Aghanistan mungdan kaw

galaw ai Muslim myusha Mujarhidden rawtmalan hpung 13 a kasa marai 140,000 (sen langai mun mali tup) zaibru jang kaw galaw ai zuphpawng kaba hta mung sa shang lawm wa ai gaw, anhte Wunpawng Myusha a kasa ni sha rai wa sai. Jahkrit shagu hpe n hkrit ya ai sha, hkan shadik shatup ging ai hpe mungkan a man kaw myusha lam yan hta sari sadang mi arawng rai kasi woi madun wa ai KIO ningbaw yan hpe nachying shakawn arawng la hpa rai nga ai.

Ningbaw Kaba Maran Brang Seng gaw mungkan mungmasa lam hte seng nna tinggyeng hkam la ai masing kaw hkamdahka myit rawng ai zawn, tinang wuhpung a dawdan ai ntsa kaw mung ngangkang ai myit hte hkam la chye ai rai nna, shi a hpang hkan ni hte, grup-yin na ni mung, shi woi dawdan sa ai a ntsa kaw jawm kamhpa ai hte hkan shadik shatup sa wa ai hpe mu wa saga ai. Shing-rai CPB ningbaw Thakhin Ba Thein Tin daru magam nem hkrat wa magang sai

WUNPAWNG MYUSHA NINGBAW NI A MAHKU MAHKAU

JJ Lum Dau



lam, Peking salang ni kaw na shiga soisam na lu ai shaloi, mahku mahkau lam hta kayin gaye jahtuk chye na matu tengman ai lam hkaja ra sai, nga nna hkam la let, shi nan shata langai grup-yin aten la nna CPB ginjaw Pang Sang kaw sa du let woi hkaja ai hkrun lam hta, JJ Lum Dau hpe mung woi shalawm ai. Gen. Kyaw Zaw gaw BSPP ginjaw kaw nna CPB ginjaw de nnan sa du ai ten rai nna, BSPP kaw magam gun kau da ai JJ Lum Dau hte Gen. Kyaw Zaw yan gaw BSPP hpe woi awn wa ai Ne Win a ntsa shana shagu ningmu garan kachyan hkat ai kaw na, Gen. Aung San a tinggyeng sha-ip tawn ai Panglung myit hkrum lam hte seng ai lawng lam nkau mung Gen. Kyaw Zaw kaw na hkaja la lu ai lam nga wa sai.

Ningbaw Kaba Brang Seng gaw, Ne Win galaw sa wa nga ai hkam la lam Peking kaw na seng ang ai masha kaba ni hpe chye shangun mayu ai rai nna, Hong Kong na Salang Cheung Chi-keung hpe ga byan shatai let, JJ Lum Dau hpe Peking de shangun dat ai. Shing re ai mahku mahkau lam hta hkan nna htawm e, KIO kasa hku Moscow de sa du n htawm, Krimlin hkawhkam wang kaw galaw ai World Anti-Communist League

Conference kaw sa lawm let, KIO a kasa hku nna Russia President, Gobershev a nta kaw mung sa du kau da ai lam nga wa sai.

Krimlin hkawhkam wang kaw galaw ai WACL zuphpawng hpe woi awn ai Dr. Allexander htawn tsun ai mungga hta: “Mungkan kaw shawng nnan Communist masing hpe hkam la ai gaw, anhte Russia mungdan rai nna, tinnang a yawshada ai masing awngdang wa ai hte mungkan kaw shawng nnan Communist hpe ninghkap ai mungkan zuphpawng galaw ai mung, anhte Russia mungdan rai sai. Madung gaw, tinang a myusha hpe kaga myusha ni sa dang sha nga ai kaw na lawt lu na matu htaphtuk ai ladat gaw, Communist ladat nan rai sai. Dai ladat hpe n ra timung sharang let tinang a yawshada ai kaw du ai shaloi, dai masing hpe gumlang kau nna tinang a myusha ni ra sharawng awng ai policy hpe lata lang wa saga ai. Madung gaw tinang hkam sha nga ai ana ahkya mai tsai wa lu na matu, tinang n sha mayu ai tsi hpe sha ai marang e, mai tsai wa lu ai masing rai wa sai,” nga ai. Shing-rai matut manoi, Miwa, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam zawn re ai mungdan ni hte kaga mungdan ni mung, Russia mungdan galaw awngdang

wa ai hpe kasi jawm la nhtawm, aten langai laman yak-hkak ai hpe hkam sharang let shakut wa ma ai rai yang, daini na ten hta shanhte raq sharawng ai mungdan ni hpe gawgap la lu shajang masai.

1976 May 31 shani, Salang Kaba Maran Brang Seng woi awn ai KIO Ginjaw Komiti a dat kasa malawm (1) Col. Zau Mai, (2) Capt. Tang Gun, (3) Capt. Tu Htang, (4) Slg. Tang Nyeng, (5) Slg. Kaba Maran Brang Seng jan Kaw Mai ni marai 6 gaw, Miwa mungdan shadip magam hte hkrum bawngban nna, CPB datkasa hpung hte : (1) KIO Ginjaw tsang, (2) Ginwang Ginjaw Tsang, (3) Ginwang tsang, nga nna, tsang masum a hpu-awn jawng hte hpyenhpung a matu Company Tsang Training jawng ni hpaw sharin na lam, kaga matut ra wa ai arung arai ni hpe ra wa ai hta hkan nna garum shingtau wa na lam bawng jahkrup myit hkrum la lu masai. Shing-rai bawngban myit hkrum ngut ai hpang, laknak myu hkum 300 hte hpawn, 12 September 1976 shani tinang a mungdan de apyaw sha, bai du wa masai

Ndai shiga hpe Ne Win na dat ai shani kaw nna yup n pyaw, shah n mu, KIO



hte CPB a lapran na myit hkrum lam hpe gara hku jahten ya lu na lam ladat shaw nga nu ai. Madung gaw, British hte American ni India kaw na bai n htang wa nna, Japan hpe gasat nga ai Kachin hpyenhpung hpe aten kadun laman hpyendap langai hpra hpaw ya let prat dep laknak garan ya dat ai hte aten kadun laman Japan ni hpe Myenmung kaw nna tsepkawp shachyut shapraw kau lu ai hpe myit dum dat ai shaloi, ya kalang mi KIO hpe Miwa kaw na ra n rawng hkra laknak jaw dat ai rai yang, Myen hpyendap gaw hprawng lawt na matu pyi hkyen la n jin na sai lam myit dum dat ai hte, hkye la she laja rai mat manu ai.

Ndai lam hte seng nna aten galu la let sung sung myit sumru yu ai shaloi, CPB hpe gasat nga na malai, Miwa hte pawng nna ahkyak la ai hte sha awngdang wa mai na lam myit hprang wa nu ai. Miwa gaw rawtmalan lam awngdang wa ai shani kaw nna super power lu ai mungdan byin wa na re. Dai shaloi Arab mungdan ni kaw pru ai sau ni hpe mari la ai shaloi, sanghpawli langai hte Singapore hku htaw shalai la na matu aten grai na na hta n ga, Malacca hkan laidi ai shaloi, shim lam tsang ra ai lam amyu myu nga wa mai

ai. Raitimung, Arab ginra kaw nna Myenmung du hkra sanghpawli kaba hte htaw du ai shaloi, Yunnan du hkra prat dep lam kaba waw la ai marang e, aloi sha matut htaw la mai na re. Shing-re ai masing wanglu wanglang galaw lu na matu lapran kaw dutdang nga ai CBP hpe simani ai mahkrun hku sengyeng kau mai na lam, Myen gaw, seng ang ai ni myit hkawn hkrang hkra mahkrun tam ya ai. Dai hta hkan nna, CPB hpe simani ai mahkrun hte sengyeng kau lu ai hpang kade nna ai laman Kyaukphyu masing galaw hpang wa masai lam, htawm e, dai masing hpe grau damlada ai hku matut maden shangun lu na matu, Myitsung dam hpe galaw hpang wa masai. Ndai grup-yin ginra kaw masing kaba ni n dut n dang galaw lu na matu Myenmung hte matut nga ai htingbu mungdan hkan na rawtmalan hpung ni hpe seng-yeng kau lu na matu, “One Belt One Road” ngu ai masing hpe grup-yin mungdan shadip magam ni jawm madi shadaw wa na matu shalat wa masai lam, npawt nhpang mu chye ai salang nkau tsun wa masai.

Shut ai, jaw ai hpe dinglik chyai ai hte 1967 ning kaw nna daini du hkra aten lahpawt lama myit chyai

na malai, lai wa sai ten na mahkrum madup hpe akyu jashawn la ai masing gaw, myusha ni yawng a matu awngdang ai maga de gale wa shangun mai na re. Ningmu langai a ntsa kaw shut ai, jaw ai hpe dawdan na matu gaw, myusha ni shakut wa ai mahkrum madup hte akyu ara hpe asung jashawn chye ai mahkrun rai na re. Lama dai ten hta Du Kaba Naw Seng a ningmu hpe Wunpawng Myusha ni hkan madi shadaw ai rai yang, awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu ai mungdan hpe gawgap lu ai gaw, shaning kaba rai wa na sai. Matut nna hkinjang tek jum ai hta ningra mat ai rai yang, Anoratha lajang tawn magang ai mahkam kaw ginchyum dat hkrum wa na re.

Myenmung a shingdu lam hpe maram yu yang, mungdan madu ni gaw, Myen amyu n re ai bumnga masha ni rai nna, shanhte gaw daini na ten hta pratdep hpaji chye, ningmu dam lada ai myusha madang kaw du nga shajang sai. Karai Kasang jaw da ya ai mungdan hpe uphkang na matu yawng yawshada wa ai pandung de ahkum ara shang lawm let, n shut n shai ginchyum jawm dat la saga law.



tm&S Edkb,fqk&Sif ucsif trsdK;orD; vzdkifqdkif;a&mf

ေဇာေနာလငးအေထြေထြက ပဂၢလေတြ စေပါငးျပး ေမတာဖြ႔ျဖးေရး ေဖာငေဒးရငးက ထေထာငခတာပါ။

ျငမးခမးေရးန႔အတ ေဒသဖြ႔ျဖးေရး လမးစဥက ေဖာေဆာငဖ႔လအပတယဆတ အသတစခန႔ အဒေဖာငေဒးရငးက ႏစေပါငးမားစြာ ဥးေဆာငပါ၀ငခတ လဖငဆငးေရာကေတာ ၂၀၀၈ ခႏစကစျပး ေဖာငေဒးရငးရ ပထမဆး အမႈေဆာငဒါရကတာျဖစလာခတယ။

ေရမြနမတေဆးေဆးဆ ရခတာန႔ပတသကျပး “ကၽြနမ ဆရတအခါ တငးရငးသား ေခါငးေဆာငေတြကေရာ၊ ေ၀းလတ ေဒသကလေတြပါ အားလးက ၀မးပနးတသာျဖစတာက ၾကားရတအခါ ဆရတာ ေတာေတာ၀မးသာမတယ။ အဖြ႔အစညးရ ေအာငျမငမႈက ႏငငတကာက အသအမတ ျပတာထက ကယျပညတြငးက အသအမတျပတာက ပၾကကတယ။ ကၽြနမအတြက အားေဆးပါပ” လ႔ လဖငဆငးေရာက ဖြငဟတယ။

လဖငဆငးေရာဟာ ခရစယာနဘာသာ၀င တစဥးပါ။ သ႔က ကခငျပညနယျမစၾကးနားျမ႕မာ ေမြးဖြားချပး ေမြးခငး ေလး ေယာက အထက အငယဆးသမးျဖစပါတယ။ ဖခငျဖစသက သ ၁၀ လသား အရြယမာပ ဆးပါးသြားခေတာ မခငျဖစသကပ မသားစက ဥးေဆာငခရပါတယ။ ျမစၾကးနားျမ႕မာ တကသလ၀ငတနး ေအာငျမငချပးေနာက မႏေလးတကသလန႔ ရနကနတကသလတ႕မာ ပညာဆကလကသငၾကားချပး ၁၉၇၂ ခႏစမာေတာ ရနကနတကသလကေန စတပညာအထးျပန႔ ၀ဇာဘြ႔ ရခတယ။ ၁၀ တနးေအာငျမငချပးေနာက အသးလးသငတနးေတြမာ ပါ၀ငကညရငး ပရဟတလပငနးေတြမာ စတ၀ငစားခတယဆတာ သ႕ကယသ သလာခတယလ႕ လဖငဆငးေရာ ဆပါတယ။

ငယစဥကတညးက ဖခငျဖစသက ဆးပါးခတာေၾကာင မခငျဖစသ ဥးေဆာငတ မသားစမာ ၾကးျပငးလာခရတသ႕အတြက အမေထာငကျပး သပမၾကာခငမာ ခငပြနးျဖစသ ဆးပါးသြားခတာကလညး မဆးမတစဥးအျဖစ သားျဖစသက ၾကးျပငးေအာင ျပစခရာမာ အမးသမးတစဥးရ ဥးေဆာငမႈ အခနးက႑က အစဥအဆကခယသလ ျဖစေစခတယ။

သ႕ဘ၀တစေလာက အသကေမြး၀မးေၾကာငးအတြက ရပတညလပကငရာမာေရာ၊ ပရဟတလပငနးေတြ လပကငရာမာေရာ ကယပငဆးျဖတႏငစြမးရတ အမးသမးေတြ အမားအျပားပါ၀ငတ အဖြ႕အစညးမာပ လပကငခရတာက ေတြ႕ရတယ။

ဒါေၾကာငလညး လဖငးေရာက “အမးသမးေတြ ဥးေဆာငတယဆတာ ကၽြနမအတြကေတာ အထးအဆနး မဟတေတာဘး” လ႕ဆခတာ ျဖစမယထငတယ။ လဖငဆငးေရာဟာ အာရေဒသရ ႏဘယဆလ႕ တငစား ေခၚေ၀ၚၾကတ ေရမြနမကေဆးေဆးဆက ရရခတ ပထမဆး ကခင အမးသမးတစဥးပါ။ ကြယလြနသဖလစပင သမၼတေဟာငး ေရမြနမကေဆးေဆးက ဂဏျပေသာအားျဖင အာရႏငငေတြ အထက လသားခငး

စာနာေထာကမႈ လပငနးေတြ လပေဆာငသ၊ အေျပာငးအလ ေဆာငရြကသေတြက ႏစစဥေရြးခယဆ ေပးအပေနတ အဒဆက လဖငဆငးေရာက ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစအတြက ရရခတာပါ။ သဥးေဆာငပါ၀ငလပကငေနတ ေမတာဖြ႕ျဖးေရး ေဖာငေဒးရငးကလညး ျမနမာႏငငအႏ႔အျပားက စစမကျဖစပြားရာ ေဒသေတြန႔ သဘာ၀ေဘးဒဏ သငေဒသေတြမာ ဖြ႕ျဖးေရးလပငနးေတြ လပေဆာငေနတ ပရဟတ အဖြ႔အစညး တစချဖစပါတယ။ ျမနမာႏငင အတြငးက ဖြ႕ျဖးတးတကမႈ နညးပါးတ ေဒသေတြမာ ဖြ႔ျဖးေရး လပငနးေတြက ကည လပေဆာငေပးဖ႔ ရညရြယခကန႔ ၁၉၉၈ ခႏစမာ ဘာသာအသးသး၊ လမး



ဘြ႔ရျပးတေနာက ရနကနမာအေျခခရငး ဂာမနသရက သတမနတစေယာကန႔ အမေထာငျပချပး ေနာကပငးမာ ဂာမနႏငငမာ ၁၉၇၉ ကေန ၁၉၈၈ အထ ႏစေပါငး အေတာၾကာ ေနထငခတယ။ အဒကာလ တစေလာကမာေတာ ပရဟတ လပငနးေတြဘကက သတြငတြင ကယကယ ေျခဥးမလညႏငခဘး။

သက “အဒမာ အလပလပတယ။ အဓက ကေတာ ျမနမာႏငငမာ ဖြ႔ျဖေရးလပကကမယ ဂာမန အတစပတေတြန႔ ဒပလမတေတြက ေျခချမနမာစကား သငေပးရတယ။ ဒါေပမ အခနျပညေတာမဟတဘး။ ကေလးတစေယာကန႔ဆေတာေလ” လ႔ ဂာမန ႏငငမာ ေနထင ျဖတသနးခရပတခ႔က ေျပာျပတယ။

၁၉၈၈ ခႏစေလာကမာေတာ ပရဟတလပငနးေတြက စတငလပကင ျဖစခတယ။ ထငးႏငင၊ ဘနေကာကျမ႔မာ ေနထငရငး Representative office of Kachin Affair က ထေထာငျပး တရတ၊ ျမနမာနယစပမာရတ ကခငဒကၡသညေတြရ ျပနလညထေထာငေရးန႔ ပညာေရးလပငနးေတြ ကလပေဆာငခတယ။

၁၉၉၄ ခႏစမာ ကခငျပညေနမာ အပစအခတရပစေရး လကမတေရးထးႏငခတအခါမာေတာ ကခငဒကၡသညေတြရ ျပနလညေနရာ ခထားႏငေရး လပငနးေတြက ဆကလက လပေဆာငခတယ။

၁၉၉၇ ခႏစမာေတာ ရနကနမာ ျပနလည အေျခခေနထငရငး အဒလပငနးေတြက တစကမတမတလပကငခတယ။ ေမတာ ေဖာငေဒးရငးက ဥးေဆာငပါ၀ငချပးတေနာကမာေတာ သ႔ရ ပရဟတလပငနးေတြက ပကယျပန႔လာခတယ။ “အဓကေကးဇး တငမတာကေတာ KIO ဥကဌ ဘရမဆငးပ။ ဂာမဏမာရတနးက သေရာက လာတယ။ လကနကကစၥမေျပာဘး။ KIO ၀ငဖ႔ မေျပာဘး။ တ႔လမးေတြဟာ ေနာကကကနချပ။ ျငမးခမးဖ႔လတယဆတာ ေျပာတယ။ ဒါေၾကာင ပရဟတဘကက လပဖ႔ ဆႏၵရသြားတယ။ ပါ၀ငခတယ။ တကယလ႔ သသာ ေရာကမလာဘး ဆရင တစမး ျဖစသြားမလားပ။ ကယဟာကယ ပရဟတ လပတာရေပမယ သန႔ေတြ႔ျပးမ ကယကယျပန႔ျပန႔ လပျဖစခတာ” လ႔ လဖငဆငးေရာက ပရဟတ လပငနးေတြ လပျဖစခရပက ေျပာျပတယ။

သဟာ ကခငအမးသမး တစေယာကျဖစေပမယ ပရဟတ လပငနးေတြ လပေဆာငရာမာေတာ ေဒသစြ၊

လမးစြမထားဘ လအပေနတေနရာေတြမာ ပးေပါငး လပေဆာငခတယ။ နာဂစ မနတငး တကခတ ချပးေနာက ဧရာ၀တတငး ေဒသၾကးမာ ဖြ႔ျဖးေရးလပငနးေတြ စတငလပေဆာငချပး လကရ အခနအထလညး ဆကလက လပေဆာငေနဆပါ။ ေရမြနမတေဆးေဆးဆရခတ အေမရကနေဒၚလာ ငါးေသာငးန႔ ဧရာ၀တဆတ အဖြ႔ တစခက ဖြ႔စညးျပး ဧရာ၀တျမစ တစေလာက ေနထငၾကသေတြရ႔ လေနမႈပစေတြ အသပညာေတြ ဖလယႏငဖ႔၊ ပးေပါငးေဆာငရြကႏငဖ႔ လပေဆာငေနတယလ႔ သကဆတယ။

“နာဂစမာ မေကာငးတ အနဌာရေတြ ျဖစခရတယ။ ဒါေပမ နာဂစမာ အစးရရယ၊ လမႈအဖြ႔ အစညးေတြရယ၊ စးပြားေရး လပငနးရငေတြရယ ပးေပါငးျပး ျပနလညကယဆယေရး လပတအခါ ၀ငး၀နး လပေဆာငႏငတဟာကေတာ ေကနပမတယ။ ဒါက ေရ႕ဆကျပးခငျမေအာင လပသြားၾကဖ႔ပလတယ” လ႔ သကဆတယ။

နာဂစမနတငး တကခတချပးေနာက ျမနမာႏငငကေထာကပတ INGO၊ NGO ေတြ အမားအျပားတးတကလာျပး ပရဟတ လပေဆာငႏငတ နယပယေတြကယျပန႔လာတာက သက အေကာငးဘကက ရႈျမငတယ။ ဒါေပမ ကခငေဒသမာ အစးရန႔ KIO တ႔ ၂၀၁၃ ခႏစက သေဘာတခတ အခက (၇) ခကထက “နယေျမလျခေရးအရ ေနရပစြန႔ခြာ ေရႊ႕ေျပာငး ေနထငသည ျပညသမား အတြက ျပနလည ထေထာငေရး ကစၥမားက ႏစဘက ညႏငး ေဆာငရြကမည” ဆတ သေဘာတညခကက တစႏစေကာ ၾကာလာတအထ အေကာငအထည မေဖာႏငတာကေတာ အားမရျဖစမတယ လ႔ ဆတယ။ KIO ထနးခပနယေျမထက ေကာငးေတြက (၁၀) တနး တကေရာကသငၾကားေနတ ကေလးေတြက ျမစၾကးနားျမ႔မာ လာေရာကေျဖဆခြင၊ ဆကလက ပညာသငယခြင ျပခေပမယ ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစကစျပး ခြငမျပေတာတာဟာလညး ဆတယတမႈ တစခအျဖစ သကယဆတယ။ သေကာကယထားတစာရငးအရ ၂၀၁၁ ခႏစကေန ၂၀၁၄ ခႏစအထ



ဆကလက ပညာသငယခြငမရဘ ပညာေရးဆးခနးတငေနတ ေကာငးသားေပါငးက (၈၈၆) ဥး ရေနတယ။ လကရမာလညး (၁၀) တနး တကေရာကေနတ ေကာငးသားေပါငး (၅၄၀) ရေနျပး အစးရရ႕တရား၀ငအသအမတျပ ေျဖဆခြငရဖ႔ မေရမရာ ျဖစေနဆ ပါပ။

သက “ဒကေလးေတြက ႏငငေတာက ခြငမျပဘးဆရင သတ႔ရ႕ ပညာေရးေရ႕ေရးက မျမငဘး။ အဒါေတြက ကၽြနမအေနန႔ ၀မးနညးတယ။ ဒကေလးေတြ

တရတနယစပန႔ ရမးျပညနယေျမာကပငးေဒသေတြမာ ေနရပက စြန႔ခြာထြကေျပးေန ၾကရတ ရြာပနးရြာေရာင အေရအတြကက တစသနးနးပါး ရေနတာေတြ႔ပါတယ။

ဒါေပမ လကရ ေဆာငရြကေန တျငမးခမးေရး လပငနးစဥေတြကေတာ ေအာငျမငလမမယလ႔ သက ယၾကညေနဆပါပ။ ဒလပငနးေတြက ဒေန႔ လၾကးေတြ မလပႏငခရငေတာငမ လငယေတြက လကဆငကမးျပး ေဆာငရြကဖ႔လတယလ႔ သက ဆတယ။ ဒအတြကလညး ျပညတြငးမာရတ ကခငလမးေတြေရာ၊ ျပညပေရာကေနတ ကခင လမးေတြအားလး စစညး လပေဆာငဖ႔ တကတြနးတယ။“ကခငလမးေတြဟာ ဘယေနရာကေရာကေရာက တညတမတတငရဖ႔လတယ။ ႏငငျခားေရာကေနတ ပဂၢလေတြကလညး ကယေရာကေနတ ႏငငရ႕ ေကာငးတ အေလအကငက ကယေဒသမာ ျဖစဖ႔ၾကးစားမ တာ၀နေကပါမယ” လ႔လဖငဆငးေရာက ဆတယ။

ေမး။ တငးရငးသားေတြ တနးတညမမႈ မျဖစဘးဆတာ ဘယဟာမးက အဓကထားေျပာတာလ ဆတာ သခငပါတယ။ ကေနာက ခရးသြား agency မာအလပလပေတာ တငးန႔ျပညနယအားလးက ကေနာ ေရာကဖးပါတယ။ အမားစက ျမနမာႏငငက လာရင မငးတ႔က ဗမာေတြပလ႔ ခဏခဏ ေျပာခရတယ ေပါ႔ေနာ။ ဒေနရာမာ uniting ျဖစဖ႔ေတာ နန လတာေပါ႔ေနာ၊ အေျခခ ဥပေဒေတြ ကေနာ မေျပာဘး၊ ဘယေနရာက တနးတညမမႈ မရတာလ၊ ျပးေတာ႔ တငးရငးသားေတြ သယဇာတေတြ မရဘး။ အားလးလညး မရၾကဘး။ ရခငေတြလ မရၾကသလ၊ ခငးမာလညး မရဘး။ ဗမာေတြလညး အလညပငးမာ ဆငးရတလေတြ အမားၾကးဘ။ မႏေလးန႔ ပဂသြားရင လမးေဟာငးက ၾကညလကပါ။ ေတာေတာက ဆး၀ါးတ လေတြအမားၾကး ရပါတယ၊ အဟာေလးေပါ႔ေနာ ဘယဟာက အဓက မရဘးလညး ဆတာ သခငပါတယ။ ေျဖ။ ဥးစငးေကာညႊန႔၊၊ ။ ဒတယပငးမာဘ ၾကညလကေပါေလ၊ ခက တစခကဘ ေျဖခငပါတယ။ ဘယမာ တနးတညမႈ မရဘးလ ဆတကစၥ ေပါေလ။ အေတာ နပါတ (၁) အရ ကေနာတ႔ ၾကညမယ ဆရင ပညာေရး၊ ရမးက ရမးစာသငလ႔ မရဘး။ ခ ေနာကပငးေတာ သငတယ၊ ေကာငးခနျပငပ ျဖစေနတယ။ ယဥေကးမႈဆငရာ ကစၥေတြ တစခ႕လပလ႔ မရဘး။ အခ႕ နညးနညးပါးပါးေတာ လပခြငရတယ။ ယဥေကးမႈ ၀နၾကးငာန ဆတာကလညး

ပညာမသငႏငရင ျပညနယန႔ ျပညမ ကြာဟခကက ၾကး လာမာပ။ ဖြ႔ျဖးမႈ ကြာဟေလေလ ပဋပကၡက မားေလေလပါပ” လ႔ ဆတယ။ ျမနမာႏငငမာ အစးရအဖြ႔သစ တကလာျပးေနာကပငးမာ ၁၇ ႏစၾကာ တညျမတ KIA န႔ တပမေတာတ႔ရ႕ အပစအခတ ရပစေရး သေဘာတညခက ပကျပားခရတာ၊ ေနရပက စြန႔ခြာထြကေျပးခရတ ရြာေရာင (IDP) ေတြ တဟနထးလာတာ ေတြကလညး ျငမးခမးေရးလပငနးစဥအေပၚ ေမးခြနးထတစရာ ျဖစေနတာ အမနပါ။ အခလကရမာ ကခငျပညနယ၊

wef;wlnDrsSrI&Sdr&dS(Myanmar Quarterly Symposium)

Hkru Tsit (HLD)



ဘာအတြက၊ ဘယသ႔အတြက ဖြငထားတ ယဥေကးမႈ ငာနလ၊ အတာလညး ေမးခငတယ။ ေနာကတစခက ကေနာတ႔ ေျပာခငတာ ရပါတယ။ “နမမနးတငး” တ ရမးက ေရျဖစပါတယ၊ အငးေလးက ေရေပါ႔ေလ။ “တငးမနးယနး” တ ကရငနက မးျဖစပါတယ၊ “လနးမနးမန” ဆတာက ဗမာျပညမာ လငးပါတယတ အလေျပာၾကတာ ရပါတယ။ ေနာကျပးေတာ ကခငျပညက ေကာကစမးပါ၊ တကသြားၾကညလကပါ ကခငျပညနညမာ လမးေတြ ဘယလေတြ ျဖစေနလ ဆတာ ေတြ႔ရပါလမ႔မယ။ ေနာကျပးေတာ ရခငျပညနယမာ ေရနန႔ သဘာ၀ဓါတေငြ႔ေတြ ထြကပါတယ။ အတာေတြ ဘယက ေရာကသြား သလေပါ႔၊ ခနကေျပာတ Coming Together န႔ ဒေျမ ဒေလ ဒေရက ငါအကနပငတယ ဆတ concept ႏစခက ေကာငးေကာငး မေၾကညက ေသးဘးဆေတာ ဒလ ပဋပကၡ ျဖစေနအးမာ ပါဘ။ ေနာကတစခ ေျပာခငတာက သကဆငရာ ေဒသေတြက ဗမာျပညမာ ရပါတယ၊ ကေနာတ႔ အညာ ေဒသေတြမာ အဆင မေျပဘး။ အတာ ဘာလဆေတာ finance arrangement လ႔ေျပာတ ေငြေရးေၾကးေရး ဆငရာ ခြေ၀မႈေတြ၊ သာတညမမႈ လ႔ေျပာတ equalization program ေတြ မရတအတြက လအပတ ေနရာေတြက မေရာကပါဘး။ အဒ arrangement ေတြက လပဖ႔ ဆတာကလ တနးတညမမႈတ႔၊ သာတညမမႈ တ႔ဆတာ လပါတယ။ ရမးျပညနယမ ကယားျပညနယမ မဟတပါဘး။ ဗမာျပညနယမာရတ ဒေနရာေတြ အားလးကလညး သကဆငပါတယလ႔ ကေနာ အေနန႔ ေျပာခငပါတယ။ အေတာ ေနာကဆးေနန႔ ေျပာခငတာကေတာ တစသကလး ႏစေပါငး ငါးဆယ၊ ေျခာကဆယေလာက ေျခေထာကက ရကခးျပးမ ဒအခနကမ ငါတ႔ အတတ အေျပးၿပငရေအာင ဆတာကေတာ မရပါဘး။

jrefrmh wyfrawmf\ e,fajr &Sif;vif;a&; tvdkr&SdMUNG DING PA BUGA HPYEN YEN TSIN-YAM

Maran Naw Din

Mung Ding Pa Mare De Myen Hpyen Du Shang Wa Ai Lam

(21.10.2013) ya shani Rev. Ze Htawng (90) lang na Manmaw Ginwang Kasa Hpawng sa wa ai. Hpang shani (22.10.2013) ning, bathpang (2) shani ka-ang (12:00 Noon) ten hta Byu-hamu Myint Naing Oo gaw, Kawng Ja mare hpung lawk de du shang wa ai. Shana de hkying (2:00 Pm) aten hta Mung Ding Pa mare buga de Myen Hpyen HK.L.Y (56, 601, 319, 47, 338) Bumu Kyaw Tho Ra woi-awn ai pawnghpawm hpyenhpung ni Mung Ding Pa sinna maga Tantata lam hku nna sanat laknak kaji, kaba hte gap shang wa ai majaw, mare buga masha ni hkrit kajawng ai hte dumbru dumbra rai man ang ai de hprawng ayai mat ai. Chyu chyu ai ma hte kanu kaga ga rai grai jam-jau hkrum ai hte malawng maga gaw Nawku Jawng de

hprawng shingbyi sa wa ai. Dai aten woi-awn ai Byuha-mu gaw Myint Naing Oo re.



Dai shaloi, Slg. Labya Hka gaw bungli yi-ngam kaw nna mare de kasha hpe woi la na matu hkan tam hkawm nga yang, Myen hpyen 14 ni (3, 4) lang hkan gap ai raitim n hkra ai. Karai Kasang mak-awp maga ai majaw n hkra ai. Nawku Jawngwang lapai, lahkra shara la nga ai Myen hpyenla ni hpe mu ai ma-jaw, Sarama Nhkum Hkawn Ja gaw yawng gum, yawng gumpa sinat gap hkyen nga ma ai ngu tsun dat ai hte yawng gumpa mat ai. Dai hpang, Jan Nhkum Kaw Wum lit gun nna Nawku Jawngwang de hprawng shang wa ai kaw hkap jah-kring ai. Na n na ai majaw n hkring ya nna sinat hte hkan gap ai. Karai Kasang makawp maga ai majaw n hkra ai sha Nawku Jawng de du shang wa sai. Kaw Wum hpe gap ai pala gaw Nawku Jawng kata na poidaw saboi kaw wa hkra dinggret nna nawku tawn (state) shingdu hkumba kaw wa hkra ai. Mare masha ni gaw Nawaku Jawng kata hta gyem gumpa rawng mat ai majaw, hkra ai lam kadai mung n nga ai. Si-nat kaji kaba gap sharu bun ai majaw Mare masha nkau mi gaw nam de, nkau mi shim ai shara hkan hprawng yen mat wa sai. Myen hpyen ni hte hkrum ai ni yawng hpe gaw laika sharin jawng de gawt shinggyin bang da sai.

Myen hpyenla (2) Nawku tawn ntsa na chyinghka hku gumhtawn shang nna, sinat hte sa madi ai, jahkrit shama ai, shinggan de pru na matu gawt ai raitim woi-awn ai Du Kaba ni bai du hkrat wa ai hte larau ladau kagat pru wa nna Saranum Nhkum Hka-wn Ja hte shawng hkrum rai gawt shapraw ai bai n hkrum sai. Dai hpang Jawng Sara Marip La Nu, Sara Maran Naw Din, Sarama Nbrang Hkawn Din, ni hte hpyen du ni bai hkrum shaga lu sai majaw Nawku Jawng na n pru ai sha nga na matu ahkang jaw sai. Laika sharin Jawng hta gawt shinggyin da ai ni yawng hpe mung Nawku Jawng de yawng hpe gawt shinggyin da sai. Shin-ggan de mung n pru hkawm shangun ai. Shana de yupra, lusha ni wa la na matu ah-kang hpyi ai shaloi hkying (5:00 Pm) aten hta jahkring mi wa na ahkang jaw ai.

Mare masha ni nta wa du yang gaw, dum nta na arung arai ni, ja, gumhpraw, malu masha ni mahkra mya la kau ya sai, hpa mung n nga sai. Nhku shatgawk ayai aya rai mat sai hpe wa mu lu ai majaw grai myit n pyaw mat ai. Dai aten hta jahpawt shana akyu hpyi, kyu hpyi gawk galaw nna mung n sim n sa akyu hpyi ga ai. Nawku Jawngwang e nga ai ten (3) ya kaw nna Laban shani du

hkra marang grai htu ai. (27.10.2013) ya laban shana de kaw na marang hpawng mat sai.

(23.10.2013), bathpang (3) ya jahpawt hkying (8:00 Am) hta Jan Hpaulu Kaw asak (79) shi hkrai nta hta machyi nga ai hpe Sarama Nbrang Hkawn Din, Hpt. Mwihpu Gam Awng, Sarama Wah-pai Bawk Ja ni woi-awn let wa hpai la nhtawm, Nawku Jawng wang ginra hta tawn da nna tsi tsi lajang ya sai. Shana tup mung gahti galai sin nga yang (24.10.2013) ya, jahpawt maga hkying (3:00 Am) ten hta "Yesu hta yup pyaw mat wa sai". Dai shani jang makoi mayang ai lam hpe Sara Maran Naw Din woi-awn let dai kaw nga ai hpung masha ni hte Hkris-tan lupding lupwa shara hta makoi mayang da sai. Bai dai shani jang Manmaw de jawng lung ai Ma ni hpe yu wa shangun ai. Shani shagu ngu na aten n lata ai hpye-ndu wa gaw jahkring hkring shaga san ai lam galaw ai.

Masha Rim Woi Ai Lam :

(23.10.2013) ya jahpawt, hkying (8:00 Am) ten Maraw Ma Din rim hkrum sai. Shi hta nga kapaw sha ai baw kep (2) mu ai majaw, ndai wa gaw si ari lu ai wa re, masha sat ai baw arung arai gun ai ngu tsun ai. Dai



majaw shi hpe du hta sumri gyit da ya ai, lata mung gyit rai mare masha ni nga ai Nawku Jawng wang de woi dun sa wa ai. Mare hkan woi dun ningwan hkawm ai. Hpyenla ni Maraw Ma Din hpe hpyen jan ni a mying san la nna sa shaga wa ai. (1). Jan Zinghtung Hkawn Mai hpe san ai, Manmaw de Jawngma sa yu wa sai ngu htai ai. (2). Jan Nhkum Kai Ra hpe san ai shaloi gaw sa jahkrum shangun sai. Shi hpe san ai lam gaw, "Na a madu wa gaw (2) kap KIA Hpyen Du re, Slg. Lashi la, Slg. Hpauyam La Nu, Shd. Sumbrum Tang, Slg. Labang Naw, Slg. Lahpai Gam Awng" ni hpe san ai.

Kawng Ja de na Byuhamu Myin Naing Oo woi-awn ai Myen hpyenhpung ni yu wa nna (23.10.2013) ya, hkying (10:00 Am) hta Hpt. Mwihpu Gam Awng hte Slg. Hpauyam Hka hpe lam madun hku nna Nam-hpu mare de woi mat wa ai. Namhpu de yu wa ai Hka Dan lam hta rim hkrum ai ni gaw, Slg. Malang Naw hkannu wa ni marai (4) hte Lama Shan Lum ni rai ma ai. Nhtoi (25.10.2013) shana de hkying (5:00 Pm) hta Sara Maran Naw Din hpe shaga la nna, Nawku Jawngwang shawng e sumla gayet la hkra rai Maraw Ma Din hte Myen hpyenhpung ni nnan

shang wa ai shaloi Sani tu hte Tantata lambraw makau hta rim woi wa ai Balaw Zau Ring Awng hpe ap ya sai.

Ndai aten hta (90) lang na Ginwang Kasa hpawng ten re. (21.10.2013) ya shani Rev. Zahkung Ze Htawng kasa hpawng sa wa sai re. Sara Maraw Brang Mai (Manmaw de nga ai ten), Sara yan gaw Ginwang Amu Madu hte jahkrup nna seng ang ai de tang shana ya ai majaw laja lana, zingri zingrat ai lam n nga ai sha hkyem sa ai lam lu la ai. Kasa hpawng ten ang ai majaw, (90) lang na Kasa hpawng hta Mung Ding Pa mabyin hpe Rev. Ze Htawng tangshawn ai hte maren alak mi kasa dawdap hta bawng-ban sai.

(23.10.2013) ya shana de (90) lang na MG Kasa Hpawng rapdaw hta Mung Ding Pa mare hpung ma-sha ni hpe Myen hpyen ni Nawku Htingnu kata, rawng da hkrum ai kaw na kaning di shalawt la na lam hpe tangshawn ai. Dai shaloi Kasa rapdaw kaw na ndai manghkang hpe hparan la lu na matu seng ang ai Shadip magam, Uphkang Du ni hte san jahkrup na matu Man-maw Ginwang Amu Madu hte Rev. Ze Htawng hpe lit jaw ai. Shawng nnan Sutdu Hpaulu La Wawm hte jah-krup ai. Shi kaw na (Taing-

moo) hte shaga lu ai. My-itkyina na Slg. Lamai Gum Ja hte matut ya nna Mung Ding Pa mare masha ni a mabyin tsun dan ai shaloi, shi kaw na (Taingmoo) hpe shana ya sai. (24.10.2013) ya shana de hkying (5:00 Pm) ten hta mare shinggan de pru na matu (Taing-moo) aming jahkrat sai. Dai matsun aming du ai hte Sara Maran Naw Di, Jawng-up Sara Marip La Nu, Saranum Nbrang Hkawn Din hte Saranum Nhkum Hkawn Ja ni hpe shaga la nna ahkang hpyi ai lam gaw, daina sha gaw naw yup shangun rit, hpawt de manap jau jau pru ya na ga ai ngu hkam la ma ai. (25.10.2013) ya jahpawt hkying (4:00 Am) hta mare htum pa de htawt sit ya sai.

Kawng Ja de na rim woi hkrat wa ai ni gaw : (1). Slg. Lahpai Zau Gam, (2). Slg. Wa Brang Tawng, (3). Slg. Labya Tang Gun, (4). Slg. Tsin-yu Naw, (5). Slg. Nhkum Gam (6). Slg. Pausa Naw Hpang, (7). Miwa Ta Gaw ni rai nga ma ai.

Namhpu e du ai hpang shani gaw Namhpu nta wang woi hkyen nga ai ten, Ka-wng Ja na Slg. Labya Tang Nam hkyen nga ai kaw na hprawng mat wa ai majaw ngam nga ai manang ni hpe nta nhku kaw gyit dun da sai. Hpt. Mwihpu Gam



Awng gaw kasha ni hpe Manmaw de jawng yu wa sa na matu Myen Hpyendu kaw ahkang hpyi ai shaloi sha-na de shi hpe hkrai ahkang jaw rai dat dat ai. Ngam ai manang ni hpe gaw hpang shani she dat ya sai. Mung Ding Pa mare ka-ang hkan nga ai Myen hpyenhpung ni gaw (25.10.2013) ya jahpawt jau jau mare htumpa (lawk - 1) Hkanan daw de htawt sit nga mat sai. Dai jahpawt Sarama Nbrang Hkawn Din Nawku Jawng kaw yup ai ni hpe kyu hpyi ya sai. Sara Maran Naw Din gaw ginra de yup ai ni hpe kyu hpyi ya sai. Dai kaw nna mare ma-sha ni mung tinang a nta de wa wa sa sa mai galaw mat sai. Dai jahpawt sha Sara Maran Naw Din hte Sarama Hkawn Din gaw mare ting hta byin ai mabyin ni, nta hkan mya sha kau ai mabyin ni hpe Sumla hkan gayat la lu ai.

Nawku Jawng wang hta nga ai aten ni na wa ai majaw, Slg. Labang Naw Ja ni a nta hta Ninghtawn ni mari mahkawng da ai n-gu (buri - 2) mung, la shadu sha kau sai. Naw nga nga ai aten hta mung Nawku Jawng, Naw-ku tawn hta kyu hpyi gawk galaw nna n sim n sa, matut manoi akyu hpyi n-gun la ga ai. (27.10.2013) laban jah-pawt gaw Sarama Hpakawn

Tawng Nu, Ma ni hpe Sun-day School sharin ai, Shani gaw Jawngwang kaw nga ai ni yawng Nawku Jawng hta Laban Nawku hpawng hpe hpawng la lu ga ai. .

Nawku Hpawng hta lit la woi-awn ai ni : Sarama Hpa-kawn Tawng Nu (Tingnyang Up), Sarama Nbrang Hkawn Din (Akyu Hpyi), Sara Ma-ran Naw Din (Mungga) ni lit la woi-awn sai.

Dai ten hta woi-awn ai magam gun ni gaw : 1. Sara Maran Naw Din, 2. Sara-ma Nbrang Hkawn Din, 3. Sarama Nhkum Hkawn Ja, 4. Sara Kaba Marip La Nu, 5. Rev. Labya Naw Din, 6. Sarama Hpakawn Tawng Nu 7- Hpt. Mwihpu Gam Awng ni rai nga ai.

Namhpu Kaw Rim Hkrum Ai Ni : (1). Slg. Hpaunat Dun, (2). Slg. Gam Hpang, (3). Slg. Hkangma Ma Di ni hpe rim, gyit, zingri ai hkrum sai.

(26.10.2017) ndai ni hpe hkye shaw la na matu Man-maw Ginwang Ningbaw/Amu Madu ni lung wa ai shiga na ai hte yawng hpe dat kau sai. Mawdaw (4) hte lung wa ai. Lung lawm ai ni gaw, 1. Rev. Maran Nan Lung (Ningbaw), 2. Rev. Nangzing Tu Ja (Amu Madu), 3. Sara Galau Naw

Ja (Kunhting), 4. Sara Lagai Naw San (Rung-up), 5. Rev. Nhkum Grawng Ji (Kaihtik Buga), 6. Rev. Nhkum Naw (Shawnghtawk Buga), 7. Rev. Lahpai La Ja (Namlimpa Buga), 8. Rev. Myu Awng (Num Lang Buga), 9. Rev. Zahkung Ze Htawng (Mung Ding Pa Buga) 10. Sutdu Maran Kum San (Manje) ni re.

Mung Hkawng Sasana wang hta (9:00 Am) hta du ai. Munghkawng Buga Sara ni, mare Salang ni hte hkrum ai. Matut nna Namhpu, Mah-kaw Yang mare hkan nga ai hpung masha ni hpe wa woi na matu Pikin Jeep (3) hte rau sa wa ai. Sara Nan Shawng hte Sara Damau Naw Namhpapa lai hkau-na wa kaw (Byuhamo) hte hkrum ai. Ahkang hpyi la nna Mahkaw Yang du ai, Sara Lahtaw La Hpri hte Hpt. Hpraw Mai Kum yan hte hkrum ai. Shanglawt ni Mung Ding Pa de n mai du na lam shana wa ai. Lahtaw bum de bawm ngoi kapaw pru wa nna Namhpu hte Mahkaw Yang mare ma-sha ni marai (25) woi la rai Munghkawng Sasana wang de woi shadu da lu sai. (26.10.2013) ya shana Mung Ding Pa hpyen yen ni hpe gara shara kaw jahkrat na lam amu Madu hte bai jah-krum yu ai shaloi, Hpangga Kawng, hpyen yen shara



nnan mung rai anhte Mung Ding Pa ni mare wa lam mung ang ai majaw Hpang-ga Kawng hpyen yen kaw rai na ngu jahkrup da ai. (27.10.2013) ya, laban shana de; Rev. Lama Yaw (KBC Mu na kyithkai), Rev.Nhkum Naw Bawk (KBC Hpyen yen Karum) Mung Ding Pa mare Sasana wang hta nga ai masha ni hpe sa du kawan na matu yu wa ai. Manmaw Ginwang Amu Madu kaba hte jahkrum ai shaloi nanhte Mung Ding Pa sa na nga jang lit n lu la ai.

Mamaw Ginwang Amu Madu n hkraw ai majaw Munghkawng hpyen-yen sa du kawan na lam tsun ai. Ngai Rev. Ze Htawng nanhte Munghkawng sha du na nga jang ngai n hkan ai. Mung Ding Pa sa na nga jang ngai woi sa na ngu bai jahkrum nna, Mung Ding Pa Sasana wang hta jamjau hkrum nga ai ni hpe karum na matu (Ks - 500000) hkyen gun nna (28.10.2013) ya, (10:30 Am) ten hta, (1). Rev. Lama Yaw, (2). Rev. Nhkum Naw Bawk, (3). Key. Ze Htawng, (4). Sara Shanghtin Brang Tawng, anhte (4) Mungh-kawng de Cycle hte lung wa ai. Hkying (12:00 Noon) Munghkawng Sasana wang du ai hte rau, Slg. Kareng Gam Mun gat sa wa ai. Mung Ding Pa mare masha (500) jan Hkadan lam hku

pru mat wa sai nga ai majaw, Munghkawng hpyen yen ni hte lit ang ai Sara ni hte hkrum, akyu hpyi da ya ai. (Ks.-1500,000) karum da ai hte (5:00 Pm) hta Manmaw Ginwang rung de yu wa sai. Rev. Ze Htawng Ginwang Amu Madu hte seng ang ai Shadip Magam du ni hte jah-krup nna hpyen yen shara ni hkaptau ai lam lajang ai.

(29.10.2017) ya Rev. Lama Yaw (KBC Mu Na Kyithkai) hte Rev. Nhkum Naw Bawk (Sama Ginwang Amu Madu, KBC hpyen yen dawjau) yan, Sara Labya Hka Raw (Gin-wang K/S), Sara Shanghtin Brang Tawng ni noikrat sun kaw na hkaptau la ma ai.

Mung Ding Pa Mare Kaw Nna Pru Mat Wa Ai Hkrun-lam :

Lahkawng maga na hpyen masa lam ni hkrit tsang ra, yakhkak wa sai. Dai ten hta Mare Salang ni hte Ninghtawn Salang ni, Sara Maran Naw Din hte Sara Kaba La Nu yan hpe zuph-pawng hpawng na matu Slg. Nhkum Gam Seng ni a hkauna pa de shaga ai raitim n lu sa ai. Nanhte bawngban ai hte maren rai na re ngu ga jaw kau dat sai. Salang Kaba ni hte Mare Salang ni bawngban da ai laika mai-sau du hkrat wa ai. Dai hta rawng ai Laika gasi ni gaw:

1. La sha da sai n-gu (buri - 2) mung hpa n ra sai, ra wa ai hta hkan nna matut la sha mu. 2. Laika Hpaji Jawng naw pat da na, Boarder Ma ni hpe naw lakawn ya marit.

Hpyen masa n htuk wa jang Hkadan lam de mung masha ni hte ma ni hpe hprawng yen shingbyi ya na ngu ai lam (3) rai nga ai. Ntsa de na (gap matsun) lu sai, du sai nga ai shiga ni na wa ai majaw majan hpe hkrit tsang ra, mung masha ni zingri zingrat lam ni tsang ra wa ai majaw, Nhtoi : 28.10.2013, bat (1) ya shani 11:30 Am hta Ginra kata tsap let Sara Maran Naw Din a kyu hpyi ngut ai hte Nawku Jawng-wang shingdu maga hku pru nna lupwa kawng hku brak mat wa sai. Lupwa kawng kaw hkawm nga yang ma langai hpe Chyahki adawt kadawng ai mung hkrum ai.

Slg. Mwihpu La Dawn a hkauna pa hku lai di nga yang

Namma Hka lai di nga yang



Namma Hka hkan, Namma Pa ni lai di rai namdawk dawk nna Hkadan Pa de shana de 5:00 Pm hta du shang wa sai. Hkauna na ni mung grai hkaptau, hkalum la ma ai. Mare masha yawng (500) jan re. Namdawk dawk ai majaw, Ma langai mi Chyahkyi adawt hkrum ai, lam n lu hkawm ai, Ma yak ai, jamjau ai lam ni law law hkrum sai.

Slg. Hkangda Naw, SIg. Nhkum Gam Awng ni a hkauna wa, Ngasum, makau grup-yin hkauna wa hkan, maibyin ai hku hprai yup ga ai. Dai shana de jang D.O Chyauhpa Gun kawn mare de bai nhtang na matu matsun ai. "Anhte gaw yu wa na matu pru wa ai she rai sai, nhtang na matu n myit sai,"ngu bai htang dat sai. 28.10.2013 ya shani Sara Maraw Brang Mai gaw Manmaw kaw na lu sha (Lu hkasan, Muk, Hkausoi) sa jaw na matu: Slg. Labang Brang Nan, Slg. Lamai Tu Shan, Slg. Pausa Brang Nu, Slg. Hkangda Brang Nu, Slg. Lazum Gam Awng, U Zaw Myint ni hpe shangun dat ai lam na lu sai.

29.10.2013 ya hpang jahpawt jau jau Sara Maran Naw Din, Sara Kaba Marip La Nu hte Hpt. Mwihpu Gam Awng ni gaw Boarder Ma ni hpe woi-awn ai Saranum

Nhkum Nu Hkawn kaw sa du jahkrup jahkrum yu ai shaloi, n hkan sai mare de nhtang na matu tsun ai. Shat shadu sha la ngut ai hte Slg. Hkangda Naw a hkauna wa kawng hta yawng mahkawng la nna Sara Maran Naw Din akyu woi hpyi la ai. Kyu-hpyi ngut ai hte Saranum Nhkum Nu Hkawn woi-awn ai Boarder Ma ni hte mare masha nkau mi bai nhtang mat wa ai. Malawng maga hte Jawngma nkau mi gaw Manta lam de (400) jan yu mat wa sai. Manta ni galaw sha ai hkauna pa kaw wa tau la, hkauna shalawng hta Slg. Labang Brang Nan woi-awn ai hpung ni gaw, lu sha (Lu hkasan, Muk, Hkausoi) hpe gu gu ra ra, alaw ahtam ga-ran jaw ai hpe hkam la lu sai. N lu hkawm ai Ma, Gumgai ni hte arung arai ni hpe mung tau la ya sai. Shana de Manta mare makau Noikrat Sun hta: Rev. Lama Yaw (KBC mu na kyithkai), Rev.Lamung Naw Bawk (KBC hpyen-yen, dawjau), Sara Lashi Labya Hka Raw (Man-maw Ginwang K/S), Sara Shanghtin Brang Tawng, Rev. Kumhtat Brang Wawm (LWP Buga), Sara Nyuint Aung (LWP Buga) ni alum ala tau hkalum la ma ai. Sar-ama Lahtaw Seng Hkawn, Labya Nu Mai, Jan Maraw Marry Hkawn, Jan Hpaulu Hkawn Nan ni mung sa tau la ma ai.

Bai Manta mare de du shang wa ai shaloi mare masha ni kaw na lit ni tau la ya rai, hkap hkalum hkaptau la ai. Dai shana Manta Hpungkyi Jawng ginra hta yup hkring-sa la lu sai. Manta mare buga kanu kawa ni lusah hte daw jaw ai, hkam n kaja ai ni hpe tsi tsi ya ai. Dai shana Sara Maran Naw Din hte Sara Kaba La Nu yan hpe Myen Hpyendu wa (2) lang shaga san jep hkrum ai. Hpyen Du wa gaw, "Mare de bai nhtang mu, mare de du hkra shimlam la ya na" ngu tsun ai. Anhte gaw pru na ngu nna yu wa sai re, Manmaw de matut nna lai na ga ai ngu tsun jang, nanhte a myit sha re nga ai. Raitim, nanhte hpe ginjaw de na gumhpraw lap-1000,000 jahkrat ya ai, dai majaw shat ma mi shadu jaw na ga ai nga ma ai.

Mare masha ni jahpawt kantsi hkausoi dawjaw ai majaw shat gaw n sha sana ngu tsun kau sai. Bai hpye-ndu wa gaw sha tim, n sha tim shadu jaw dat na ga ai nga nna tsun ai. Man-

Mantha Hpungkyi Jawngwang de du shang wa ai ten



ta salang ni Mawdaw hpe lajang ya nna (30.10.2013), bathpang (3) ya jahpawt Manta mare masha ni shadu jaw ai hkawsoi sha la, hpy-enla ni nan shadu ai shat buri mi hte udi buri daw mi jaw dat ai hpe htaw nna Manmaw de yu wa saga ai. Dai ten lam grai anyawk nna grai yak ai. Mawdaw kaba (hpauche) - (7) hte re majaw atsawm sha yu wa lu sai. Ganhtak mare hta Manje Muklum na (htana pong sung) ni hte jahkrup jahkrum la nna matut lai hkrat wa sai. Hkrunlam ding yang (hkasan, muk, hkausoi, lu sha hkum sumhpa) hte hkalum la ai hpe hkam la lu ai. Manje Buga Hpung, Hpangga Kawng Sasana wang hta shana de maga she du shang wa sai. Du shang wa ai hte Nawku Jawng hta (Manmaw Ginwang Uph-kang Du, Manmaw Ning-htawn Uphkang Du, Htana Pawngsung, Lawk Salang ni) Rev. Lazum Htun Nawng (Ningtau Amu Madu), Sara Kareng La Roi (Zinlum), Sara Maraw Brang Mai, Lahtaw Duwa Zau Bawk ra mara shana, hkalum ga tsun rai kyuhpyi la ngut ai hte shat jaw sha ai hpe hkam la lu sai. Nkau mi hpe Htoi San Buga Hpung de, nkau mi hpe Deng (2), Gara Yang Camp de, Roberts Camp de rai garan kau sai.

2.11.2013 ya shani Sarama Nhkum Kaw Wawm woi-awn ai masha (104) hpung ni Manta lam hku nna yu hkrat wa ai hpe Slg. Hpaulu La Wawm a mawdaw kaba hte Manje Buga Hpung (100) ning ginra kaw (Manje Ninghtawn Uphkang Du) G/W Zinlum hte Manje Buga magam gun ni hkaptau hkalum la sai. 6.11.2013 ya shani Hp. S Hkangda Tang woi-awn ai masha (31) hpung ni hpe Hpang-ga Kawng kaw hkaptau la sai. Ndai ni mung Mantha lam hku na yu hkrat wa ai ni re. 7.11.2013 ya jah-pawt Mahkaw Yang mare makau, shanglawt ni hkam da ai bawm Myen hpyen ni kabye kapaw la ai. Slg. Myitung Awng Di, Shadang Myitung Tu Ja si hkrum sai. Shadang Lahtaw Zau Mai hkala hkrum ai raitim hpyen ni a lata na hprawng lawt wa ai. 12.11.2013 ya shani Ginwang mawdaw hte Sara La Roi (Zinlum) hte Rev. Ze Htawng Munghkawng Sasana wang na wa woi la nna Manmaw Tsirung kaba de bang da lu saj.

Masum Lang Hta Du Sa Wa Ai Wuhpung Ni :

Saranum Uhkru Jat Yu hte Saranum Mahkaw Nu Ra gaw, nhtoi (5.11.2013) ya shani mare kaw ngam da

ai shan a arung arai ni hpe wa la na matu Mung Ding Pa mare de wa ai. Mung Hkawng du ai shaloi shiga madat la ai. Saranum Rami Zung gaw Mung Ding Pa wa ai shaloi Myen hpyenla ni lam dingyang nga ai, raitim hpa n ra ai lam tsun dan ai majaw mare de matut nna wa sai. Mahkaw Yang kaw du ai shaloi Slg. Hpauyam Tu ni apyaw sha mam dan nga ma ai. Shan mung kamoi hpe sha shaga da nna mare de wa mat ai.

Nta du wa ai shaloi Myen hpyenla ni sa wa nna shan hpe san ai. An gaw Jawng Sarama re, rai wa la ai re ngu tsun dan ai. Dai hpang 1aika sharin Jawng de lung wa ai shaloi Sara Kaba Marip La Nu ni a nta nga ai Myen Hpyendu ni bai hkap tsun ai. Shan lahkawng mung Jawng de lung mat wa nna, Saranum Nu Ra a rai ni lawan wan shajin la nna bai wa sai. Dai kaw na yu wa ai hte Nawku Jawngwang de Sara Maran Naw Din hte Saranum Nhkum Hkawn Ja yannu wa ni ngam da ai arai la na ngu yang, shang gaw shang shangun nna sinat madi da rai, grai kajawng kau ai. Raitim Karai Kasang hte rau re hpe myitdum let, Sara Maran Naw Din a Cycle hpe la nna pru wa sai. Bai jan du mat ai majaw Myen

Established 2015. Volume IV, No. III 2018


Hpyendu ni hpe tsun kau da nna gu ni moi ni nga ai hkauna pa de sa yup mat sai.

Hpang jahpawt (6:30Am) daram hta Namhpu maga de bawm ngoi wa ai, loi mi na yang nga kapaw la ai lam bai na lu ai majaw shan lahkawng Manmaw de yu wa na matu nta de wa ai. Dai hpang Myen hpyenla ni hpe bai tsun da nna rai baw la, kyuhpyi la rai Cycle langai hpra jawn nna pru wa ai. Kunglau Hka kaw rap nga yang, bawm bai ngoi wa, sinat nsen matut ma-noi ngoi wa sai. Cycle hpe hka ka-ang e tawn kau da nna Slg. Hpauyam Tu ni a hkauna de hprawng ai. Slg. Hpauyam Tu hte Jan Zah-kung Hkawng Muk, kasha Gun San ni hte rau hprawng hkawm mat ai. Shana gaw hkauna de bai nhtang wa yup mat ai. Hkauna hkan nga ai ni yawng mung hkrit mat nna 8.11.2013 shani marai (78) Mahkaw pa hku hprawng yu wa ai. Mahkaw Yang Laika shaarin Jawng hku gale wa ai shaloi sinat hte madi, La ni hte Num ni hpe garan nna jep ai. Laika sharin Jawng hta gawt bang nna yawng hpe nat kau na nga jahkrit ma ai. Grai hkrit mat ai majaw akyu hpyi ga, Karai Kasang gaw anhte hte rau re ngu kadai mung kadai kyu hpyi nga yang,

hpyenla langai gaw "Nanhte hpe hpa n di ai" ngu tsun ai. Dai hpang anhte lam hkawm mat wa nga yang, Sara Lahtaw La Hpri, Sara Marip Nan Shawng hte Sara Damau Naw Mai ni Slg. Zinghtung Brang Wawm a Mawdaw hte bai sa tau la ai. Munghkawng hpyen-yen hta 8.11.2013 hta du sai. Hpang shani 9.11.2013 hta Sara Maraw Brang Mai, Sara Ma-ran Naw Din ni woi-awn let Mawdaw hte Mung Hkawng Sasana wang kaw nna Manje Buga Hpung, Hpangga Ka-wng de bai du mat wa sai.

Munghkawng lam pat wa ai majaw Hpt. Maran Naw Lum, Slg. Maran La Gam, Hpt. Mading Naw Din ni woi-awn ai hpung ni gaw bum lam (Lahtaw bum) hku hkawm mat wa nna Jesawn hku nna Munghkawng de yu mat wa sai.

Hpangga Kawng hta du ai shaloi wuhpung wuhpawng ni langai hpang langai ra ai arung arai ni hpe garum jaw ya ai hpe hkam la lu ai. Shata mi daram nga ai hpang Slg. Maran Di La dum nta masha ni kawn lu sha a matu (wa - 1) garum jaw ai hpe hkam la lu ai. Dai hpe sat nna, Hpangga Kawng (IDP) kaw chyen mi, Htoisan (IDP) hte Manje (IDP) de chyen mi rai garan nna hkam la lu ga sai.

Dai hpang Slg. Pausa Tu Nan mung lu sha a matu gum-hpraw (200000) bai karum jaw sai.

(9.11.2013) ya shani Mung-hkawng Camp kaw nna Sara Marip Nan Shawng hte Slg. Maran Tu Ja yan gaw lung wa nna Mahkaw Yang kaw nga ai Byuhamo Myint Na-ing Oo hpe ahkang hpyi la rai Mung Ding Pa de Cycle hte lung wa ai. Mare du ai shaloi dai kaw nga ai, Hpye-ndu wa lam kaw tsap nga let hkap shakram la ai. Kawng Ja de wa du na ahkang hpyi ai shaloi ahkang jaw ai hte rau wa lung du la rai nna Buga Hpung wang kaw na arung arai nkau mi hpe Maraw Sharoi a Htawlaji hte Munghkawng de htaw sit da lu sai.

(12.11.2013) ya shani mung Munghkawng Camp kaw nga ai nkau mi hte lung ai shaloi hkauna pa hkan nga ai mare masha ni mare de pru wa lu ai. Dai shana Jawngwang kaw yup mat ai. Hpang jahpawt she kadai mung kade a arung arai htaw nna yu wa sai.

(14.11.2013) ya jahpawt (10:30 Am) ten, hkauna pa na nta wa ai. Arai hkyen gun nna Manmaw de yu wa na nga nta na pru wa ai hte (Hk.L.Y - 56) hpyen ni Slg. Maraw Gun asak (40) sinat

2018 Volume IV, No. III Established 2015.


hte gap sat hkrum sai. Sasa-na wang sun nhpan makau kaw hpai lup da sai. Dai hta lawm ai ni gaw, Chyingh-kai Kanu Ungsau Kai, Jan Maraw Htoi Lu, Jan Lahpai Nang Bawk, Labya Lun Jan ni rai ma ai.

(30.11.2013) ya shani Slg. Nhkum Ja Sin a Kanu Jan Sumlut Roi, machyi kaba hkrum, n lu hkawm ai ma-jaw hprawng yen ai shaloi nta kaw tawn kau da sai. Ka-dai n lu gawn lajang mat ai majaw galoi si mat ai n chye ai. Hpang e sa du gawan yu ai shaloi si mat ai ma-jaw, Jan Bala Bawk Ja, Sara Labya Seng La, Jan Maran Htu Shan, Shadang Maran Gam, Slg. Maran Ja Gun, Sig. Labya La, Jan Labya Hkawn Jan Maran Kai Htang, Jan Hpauyam Hkawn Htoi, Jan N-gaw Roi Ji, Jan Hpaulu Kaw ni shanhte a nta wang kaw nan lup makoi da sai.

(14.11.2013) ya shani U Zaw Min a Mawdaw hte Nawku Htingnu arung arai hte laika hpaji jawng arung arai htaw na matu lung wa ai. Sara Marip Nan Shawng, Sara Kaba La Nu, Slg. Kareng Gam Mun, Slg. Hkangda Brang Nu, Kanu Kawoi Hpauyam Lu, Jan Lamung Seng Nan ni Mung Ding Pa na (15.11.2013) ya shana de (5:00 Pm) du yu wa ai. Mare

masha (24) lawm hkrat wa ai. Nkau mi Munghkawng kaw hkring ai. (19.11.2013) ya hta Slg. Shanghtin La Wawm woi-awn ai marai (17) gaw Namma Pa kaw nna Shan Lup mali hku Lah-pai Tang Gun a yihku kaw byawn, hkauna pa (lawk-tawk pa) kaw nna Namhpu mare baw na hkauna pa kaw pru mat wa ai. Mam wa dan ai Mawdaw hte Mung-hkawng de bai yu wa rai, Hpangga Kawng de bai du yu wa lu sai.

(19.11.2013) ya shani (1). Namlim Pa na mare masha ni, (2). Namlim Pa hpyen yen camp masha ni (3). Mung Ding Pa, Kawng Ja hpung masha ni gaw Bumt-sit hpyen yen dabang de du mat wa sai. Mung Ding Pa Buga Hkalup Hpung Ginjaw, Laika hpaji Jawng hte Ma Shalet Jawng hpe Hpangga Kawng (IDP) Camp hta ht-awt sit hpaw da lu sai. Mung Ding Pa Buga Hpung masha ni shata (5) tup Hpangga Kawng hpung masha ni woi-awn ai hte Nawku htingnu kaw rau sha laban nawku hpawng hpe jawm nawku lu ga ai.

(2.3.2014) ya shana de Man-maw Ginwang Amu Madu Rev. Nangzing Tu Ja hte Rev. Ze Htawng gaw, Manje Buga Hpung Ginjaw de Mung

Ding Pa Buga Hpung masha ni san san nawku mayu ai lam tsun shawn ai shaloi, Buga Hpung Kongsi de laika bang mu nga ai.

(9.3.2014) ya shana de Rev. Ze Htawng, Sara Maran Naw Din, Sara Maraw Brang Mai, Saranum Nbrang Hkawn Din, Hpt. Lahtaw Zau Seng (Hpangga Kawng) ni gaw Lithkam Rev. Maran Nan Lung nta kaw laika wa jaw let kalang bai wa hpyishawn ai. Kongsi kaw woi myit ai hte (23.3.2014) ya jah-pawt Rev. Maran Nan Lung (Ningbaw), Hpangga Ka-wng hpung woi lithkam ni hte Mung Ding Pa Hpung Kongsi ni Hpanagga Ka-wng Nawku Jawng hta rau hkrum nna jawm bawng-ban ai. Kaga nawku lamang gaw nawku ga raitim laban Nawku hpawng gaw rau sha naw nawku ga nga ai. Shaloi Rev. Ze Htawng gaw, kaga nawku hpawng gaw dai ram n ahkyak ai, Laban nawku hpawng hta she rau hkrum nna dinghku ga shaga ra ai majaw she kaga san nawku mayu ga ai lam bai tangshawn sai. Dai hpang (1.4.2014) kaw nna gaw dai ni du hkra jahpawt (8:00 Am) hta Hpangga Kawng Nawku Htingnu kaw Mung Ding Pa Buga Hpung ni hkrai nawku lu saga ai.



(29.12.2013) ya hta mi na nga nga ai Myen hpyen hpung ni Mung Ding Pa mare kaw na bai pm mat wa ai. Dai ten mare masha ni tinang mare buga de bai wa nna hpyen ni ngam da ai arung arai, U, Wa, Yamnga, bu hpun palawng nkau mi bai wa lu zing la ai.

(3.1.2014) ya jahpawt, Bomu Kyaw Thu Rha woi-awn ai (Hk.L.Y - 56) hpyenhpung ni gaw Tantada de yu mat wa ai. Shana de (1:30 Pm.) hta Byuhamo Nikam (hkang) woi-awn ai (Hk.L.Y - 237) ni (Munghkawng dap) bai nhtang shang wa ai. Hkanan Lawk (Nhkum Gam Hpang nta) lawu daw de wa nga nga ai. Dai hpang Du Nhkum Tang woi-awn ai KIA hpyen hpung ni gaw Sasana wang lahta daw de shara la nna nga sai.

(6.1.2014) Ya (3:00 Pm) ten hta Tantada de na bai lung wa ai (Hk.L.Y - 56) ni mare de shang wa na matu ahkang hpyi ai hte maren ahkang jaw ya sai. Raitim KIA ni nga ai Sasana wang lupwa

kawng maga hku n shang wa na matu tsun ai hpe n madat ai majaw, KIA ni hkam da ai Bawm kabye kapaw la nna majan byin sai. Myen hpyen

marai (3) hkala nna langai mi gaw Slg. Nhkum Gam Hpang a nta wang hta lup kau da ai. Marai (2) lu rim ai. Hkala hkrum ai masha hte sinat hpe bai sa hpai ap kau sai. (16.3.2014) ya shani Mung Ding Pa mare de wa nna mare jasan jaseng lam hpe galaw nna akyu hpyi la sai. (14.6.2015) Kawa Nhtoi masat laban jahpawt Myen hpyenla ni mare de bai shang wa nna Laban Naw-ku woi-awn na matu wa ai Saranum Maran Tawng Nu hte shayi sha Hpauyam Kai Htang yan nga ai nta kaw sa wa nna sinat madi jahkrit ai lam galaw ai majaw grai hkrit mat ma ai. Dai hpang Slg. Marip Brang Tawng ni a nta shawng, Wahpai Nawng makau e Slg. Nbrang Gam Shawng hpe (6:00Am) aten hta gapsat hkrum sai. Dai moimang hkumt-sawp hpe shana de Sara Marip Nan Shawng wa makoi mayang da sai. Laban nawku mung n byin mat sai.

Mung Ding Pa Buga Hkalup Hpung masha ni gaw, yakhkak ai lam amyu myu a majaw, Hpyen-yen dabang shara shagu de du mat wa sai. Buga Hpung rung hpe ya Hpangga Kawng, Rev. Ze Htawng ni a nta npu hta hpaw da nna Buga Hpung masha ni hpe woi-awn zin-lum nga ga ai.

2013, October 28 ya shani kaw nna gaw, hpyen majan a majaw buga hpe shakram kau da let hpyen koi-yen shara shagu de du mat wa sai. Ya ten hta Mung Ding Pa Buga Hpung masha ni nga nga ai camp hte htinggaw jahpan gaw lawu de madun da ai jahpan hte maren rai nga ai.

1. Hpaga Kawng IDP Camp (Htinggaw 102), 2. Roberts IDP Camp (Hting-gaw 81), 3. Htoi San IDP Camp (Htinggaw 9), 4. Deng-2 (Gara Yang, Ht-inggaw 11), 5. Man Je IDP Camp (Htinggaw 16), 6. Mung Hkawng IDP Camp (Htinggaw 42), 7. Bum Tsit IDP Cam (Htinggaw 36)



Gawt Shagrawt Gasat Majan Sumlar(II WW, Japan Majan)

JINGHPAW MUNGH

Sut Suh Hkawn

Have shared this before, but always worth another look. Extract from the 1945 documentary "The Stilwell Road" narrated by Ronald Reagan. This clip covers landing at Broadway as part of Operation Thursday. At the 28 second mark Colonel Philip Cochran gives a talk to the glider and transport pilots and crews. IMO the best lines are his closing one's. "Now nothing you've ever done before in your life means a thing. Tonight you're going to find out you've got a soul. Good luck." Thanks to Scottie S for ID of first C-47 42-100689 w/o May 3, 1944, CBI. Condemned May 4, 1944. (NA)

OSS Detachment 101 in Burma, ca 1943-1945. (NA) #726


T/5 Eldon L. SNYDER of the 776th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Co. repairs leaky valve on the Myitkyina tank farm. U.S. Army photo.




From his Cousin Major Philip Grimwood, British Indian Army, Ex Chindit, who servedwith the 2nd Battalion, American Kachin Rangers, OSS Det 101, 1944-45.

Clip from larger video "American Kachin Rangers, Behind Japanese Lines, Approximately 60 Miles Southeast of Bhamo, Burma." I've shared a number of these clips before.

Ferry, constructed of aluminum pontoons, transports a tractor across the Namyung River at Namyung, Burma, 26 June 1944. The tractor was being used in construction of a new section of the Ledo Road. (US Army photo)

T/5 Leo J. Di Matteo and Private Albert Viano, of the 776th Enginner Petroleum Distribution Company, carry a section of pipe through the jungle eight miles south of Warazup, Burma, ca September 1944. (photo by T/4 L.W. Raczkowski)



The next album I'd like to highlight is from Ian Grimwood. His Cousin Major Philip Grimwood, British Indian Army, Ex Chindit, who served with the 2nd Battalion, American Kachin Rangers, OSS Det 101, 1944-45. We have been able to identify a number of OSS Personnel, in the other OSS album, thanks to the notes on the back of the photos. Ian mailed this collection to me on a CD and I'll tell you while waiting for it to arrive from overseas - I was like a small child waiting for a present. VERY impatient. LOL

1st Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, from the British 36th Division along the Myitkyina-Mandalay railway condor, 1944. (US Army photo)

LACHYUM SHALENG GA NIHkawp Pungwa

Masha law n law hta hkan nna tsun shaga ai ga hkaw ni shai ai. Dai hpe chye na na matu ka n ngai.

Marai langai a matu Marai (1) a lahta law yang(lawnglam langai a matu) (lawnglam langai a lahta)

Sa su, sa u . _ _ _ _ Sa masu, sa mu.Sarit, wa rit. _ _ _ _ Sa marit, sa wa marit.Myit yu u. _ _ _ _ Myit yu mu.Myit malai u. _ _ _ _ Myit malai mu.Sa nit ni? _ _ _ _ Sa manit ni?Sa sai _ _ _ _ Sa masai.Rai li ai. _ _ _ _ Rai mali ai.Rai nga n ngai. _ _ _ _ Rai nga ga ai.Sa sai kun? _ _ _ _ Sa masai kun?Shaman ya rit law. _ _ _ _ Shaman ya mi law. Galaw nu ni? _ _ _ _ Galaw manit ni?Kadai rai? _ _ _ _ Kadai ni rai? Kadai wa ta? _ _ _ _ Kadai ni rai ma ta?Sa wa ra ai. _ _ _ _ Sa wa mara ai.HKam kaja nga ai kun? _ _ _ _ Hkam kaja nga ma kun?Shat sha ngut sai. _ _ _ _ Shat sha ngut masai.Chye na sai. _ _ _ _ Chye na ga ai.



Shinggyim masha ni sha-nu nga pra ai mungkan

ga ndai gaw, laiwa sai shan-ing billion (4.54) ram kaw na nga hpang wa ai re nga nna, hpungtang hpaji ning-hkring ni sawk maram da ma ai. Dai hpang shinggyim masha gaw, laiwa sai shaning billion (4.1) ram kawn magri magra rai nna nga pra hpang wa ai re. BC (5000 - 2500) lapran ram hta she, labu hpun palawng ni hpe chye sumraw hpang wa ai. BC (3500) grup-yin ram kawn, dusat du-myeng ni hpe chye shangun sha, leng shaprai ni chye galaw wa, hkailu hkaisha chye wa, sun ni chye madu wa sai. Daihku yat yat e myihpaw wa sai hte maren, ndai gaw nye sun, wora gaw naq dumsu nga nna, dingh-krai kadai mung kade akyu ara makawp ra wa sai. Dai zawn dinghkrai makawp ra wa ai kawn, n dang makawp wa ai majaw, wuhpung hku jawm hpawng de nna mak-awp wa ai hpang mare tai wa ai. Mare ni law law hpe kahkyin nna "mungdan" ngu ai bai rai wa ai re. Daihte maren mungdan, mungdaw ni hpe pawnghpawm dat ai

majaw, "Munghpawm" ngu ai byin pru wa ai.

Daini mungkan hta federal Munghpawm ai, mungdan ni tsalam shadang (40%) rai nhtawm, tsalam sha-dang (33%) gaw, dawchyen Munghpawm re. Dai majaw mungkan mungdan tsalam shadang (73%) gaw, Mung-hpawm mungdan rai nga ai. Federal Munghpawm mungmasa hpe atsawm akyu jashawn ai majaw, galu gaba nga sai mung-dan ni law law wa rai nga ai. Federal Munghpawm ra wa ai lawnglam ni gaw, (1) Mungdan lamuga grai dam ai, (2) Mungdan langai hta amyu bawsang law law jawm shanu nga ai, (3) De-mocracy hpe tang dudu jai lang mayu ai ni a majaw re. Anhte Munghpawm Myen mungh mung amyu bawsang law ai majaw, Munghpawm mungdan langai byin wa sai. Raitim Myen amyu ka-up ai Munghpawm sha rai nga ai. Ndai zawn amyu kaba langai chyusha laq-ba ka-up ai majaw Munghpawm hten-run mat ai mung, nga lai wa sai. Ga shadawn; Yugoslavia

Munghpawm hta Serb amyu kaba ni chyu ka-up ai majaw, (1991) ning kawn hten-run hpang mat sai. United Kingdom gaw, 1707 ning hta Scotish ni hpe zing la nna Munghpawng galaw hpang ai gaw, ya daini du hkra, gumlang ai ni nga ai. Soviet Union mung 1923 ning hta htingbu mungdan ni hpe ga-sat zing la nna Munghpawm galaw yang, Communist mungmasa a Daru Daju Up-hkang lailen a majaw, 1991 ning Munghpawm htenrun mat sai.

Munghpawm Myen Mungh byin tai wa ai labau hpe bai gawn yu ga nga yang, Wunpawng Kachin ni kaw na hpang ai re ngu mu lu ai. Sam ni gaw, anhte tsun ai majaw, Munghpawm hta shanglawm wa ai rai nga ai. Sam hte Kayah gaw Myen hpe manu mana n kam ma ai. Dai majaw 1947 ning, June shata shawng hpawng ai, mungdan gyin shapraw Rapdaw hpawng hta, (10) ning du jang Garan (hting-byen) pru lu na ngu ai hpe gawda ai ningpawt ningh-pang tara kaw bang lu hkra,

Munghpawm Myen Mungh kata nah Wunpawngsha ni a GammakaShagawng Brang



shawng shakut ai hpe mu lu ai. Hkang amyu ni gaw Sam hte anhte Kachin hpe yu nna shanglawm wa ai, rai nga ai. Anhte Kachin myu-sha ni Myen hte hpa majaw shanglawt rau la wa a ta? ngu yang, lawu na lawnglam ni a majaw re ngu mu mada ai.

1. Myen ningbaw Awngsan a namhkyu a majaw re : Myen Ningbaw Awngsan a namhkyu ngu ai hta anhte Kachin ningbaw ningla ni Mungkan a Mung-sang Mungmasa n kungk-yang ai majaw, Awngsan wa tsun ai ga yawng hpe manu mana kahpu langai hku kamhpa mat ai. Awngsan wa tsun ai ga ahkyak ai lam langai hta, "Myen amyu kaba gaw, myu kaji hpe dip kamy-et sha ai lam n nga hkra Par-liament kaw amyu kaji hpe makawp ya ai Upadi shagrin tawn ya na, lama ngai si mat tim, Upadi gaw n si na re kam mu" ngu ai ga rai nga ai. Anhte ningbaw ningla ni n sawn dum ai gaw, Upadi n si tim, Upadi ntsa hta masha nga mat wa na hpe n myit shalawm kau nga ma ai.

2. English hpe n kam ai : English hpe n kam ai ngu hta (Gsd : 1925 ning hta Wunpawng Salang ni marai (56) Yanggon de sa nna, English Governor, Sir. Spen-cer Hercourt Buttler kaw

Home Rule sa hpyi yang, Kachin buga ginra ni hta tsi jawq gawk, hpaji sharin jawng ni hpaw ya na matu tang shawn ai shaloi, langai mung ahkyak n shatai ya ai) ni hpe myit dum ai majaw rai na re.

3. (II WW) ngut ai ten anhte myusha ni ti-nang lagaw tinang tsap lu ai madang n nga ai : Ti-nang lagaw tinang tsap lu ai madang n nga ai ngu ai hta, anhte myusha ni hpaji chye masha grai nawq tawq ai. Maga mi hku Myen hte n pawng yang, Miwa hpe hkrit ra ai. Dai ten anhte Jinghpaw mung gaw, Miwa ni a lamu ga sumla hta rawng nga ai. Gsd : Miwa gaw, 1951 ning hta Myen Mungh a ganoi htam lahkawng dang kaba ai, Tibet hpe zing madu la kau ai. Lahta na lawnglam ni amajaw mungdan kata na gara bawsang amyu hte mung htap htuk hkra n chye ganawn ai Myen amyu hte shanglawt rau la mat wa ra ai re ngu mu lu ai. (Gsd : 1937 ning hta Muslim ni hte myusha manghkang, 1942 ning hta Karen hte myusha manghkang, 1968 ning hta Miwa hte myusha mangh-kang) ndai zawn kaga ni hte law law byin lai wa sai.

Anhte Munghpawm Myen Mungh hte Soviet Union hpe kachyi mi shingdaw yu ga

nga yang Soviet Union hta uphkang ai shadip magam ni hku nna, Communist mung-masa hte maren shinggyim masha hkum shagu maren mara galu kaba, rawtjat wa na lam hpe hkrang lu shapraw jang gaw, myusha Mungmasa manghkang shi hte shi n nga mat na re ngu ai rai nga ai. Communist masa lam n awngdang ai majaw, Munghpawm hten-run mat ai rai nga ai. Mung-hpawm Myen Mungh mung 1947 ning Panglung gasadi hte maren, Munghpawm rai wa sai. 1947 ningpawt ninghpang gawda ai tara hpe n kau mi gaw, Unitary, nkau mi gaw, Quasi Federal nga ma ai. Hpami rai rai dai hte shanglawt lu saga ai. Raitim, anhte myusha ni shanglawt a namchyim hpe lu hkam sha ga ai. Myen mungdan hta Constitution masum pru wa yang, anhte myusha ni a ahkaw ahkang grau grau she yawm mat wa sai. Myen amyu kaba lailen (Burmanization) hte ka-up nna bawsang myusha yawng hpe Myen shatai kau lu yang gaw, myusha mung-masa manghkang mung shi hte shi mat mat na re ngu ai masing galaw nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Laika sharin jawng hta mung, Myen ni a labau masu hkrai sharin, sumla hkrung, laili laika, social media, radio, yuq ngwi mahkawn ni kaga masa lam



amyu myu hte ka-up kau ma ai majaw, kaba wa ai ma ni Myen hpe htang kaba maq nna, tinang amyu ga pyi n kam shaga ai she, lawq sai. Shinggyim masha a lai gaw, n teng n man ai lam raitim, aten naq wa jang jaw kaja ai hku hkam la shajang wa ai baw rai nga ai. Anhte Wunpawngsha ni a aga shalat shalaw jat wa ai lam n nga ai sha n-ga, mat maq wa ai de she rai mat sai. Gsd : Jinghpaw laika gahkum 15000 grup-yin sha nga ai kaw na ya jai lang nga ai gaw, 7000 kawn 8000 lapran sha rai nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Anhte myusha ni mungmasa lam, makam masham lam, laknak lang ai wuhpung ni lam shagu hta bra ayai taw nga ai gaw tsang hpan re. Soviet Munghpawm hta shanglawm ai mungdan ni gaw, laknak lang ai hpung kadai mung kadai greng grak ai hku lu da ai ma-jaw, Munghpawm ai 70 ning ram du wa yang, ginjang kaja ai hte kadai mung kade lagaw lu tsap nna, garan pru mat lu ma ai. Myen a hpyen n-gun hte htu shadut gasat shamyit, katsi majan hte shamyit, sai gayau nna shamyit ai lam ni hpe anhte n lu hkam jan yang gaw, anhte myusha ni "Awmdawm Shanglawt" ngu ai pandung hpe pyi shamat kau na ga ai. Nkau mi dum nga ninglen, hkaq yawng yawng ai ni mung law law rai nga ai. Wunpawng sha ni tsalam shadang (98%) gaw, Christian raitim, mungdan a jut shara shagu gawkngu hkrai, rai mat sai. Anhte Wunpawngsha ni a shawnglam gammaka a matu sinpraw hte sinna gaw, mungkan hta masha jahpan law dik htum ai mungdan, dingda de anhte hpe ka-up tawn ai Myen ni a lapran aten galu grin nga lu na hpe myit tsang hpa re. Dai majaw anhte myusha ni ngang grin nga lu na matu gaw, htunghking, aga, laili laika, masha jahpan, makam masham, myit masa lam, htinghput htingra lamuga ni hpe shangang shakang ai, rawtjat, kalu kaba, shanglawt hkra n lu galaw ai rai yang, Wun-pawng (Kachin) myusha ni htum mat wa na re ngu lam hpe myit yu sumru yu nna, labau ni hpe n hprai ai asak hkrung sa wa gaq ngu gar sawq dat ai rai.

Mali zinghka nhtoi dai,October hkun manga rai.Shing-ra maka, hpun, kawa,Dusat dumyeng the mahsa. Awmdawm lam hpe pat da ai, N tara ai gaw dik sai. Tengman tara hpe tawt lai, Dip up sai chyup hkrum sha ai.Lawt prawn lam hpe shapraw ai,Kumhpa na K I O rai.Hkyingmi jahku tsa kru shi,October hkun manga rai. Achyaw jahpye nna gaw, Tsi chya ya na nga tsun ai. Kamhpa na K I O hta, Ta gindun let rawt hkawm ga.Wan-yam pala gap sharu,Wan-yam laknak the anut.Manai makai bawng ginrat,Daw hten, si htum mat ai ni. Hpyen a matu kabu hpa, Tinang a arang kaba. Jahta garu na malai, Nang ngai yawng shang tsap ga oi.Wunpawng K I O Mawshe,Wunpawng Hkanan de du shang.Kadai mung shingdang n mai,Karai shagrin ya na rai.

KIO Masat Ninghtoi October 25 ya Shagrau Gashagawp Shingjawng

Lamang No. 2nd(Ginsup Ninghkring, Gashagawp

Shadang sha)

KAMHPA SHARA K.I.O

Myo Li Awng (LPJ Laiza)



Honorable Leaders of Free-dom Loving People, Ladies and Gentlemen;

It is the knowledge of all who are presenting here today that after the In-dochina war, ten nations including Myanmar regime had formed ASEAN and all member nations have the peaceful co-existence with Myanmar. The leaders of ASEAN countries extended their assistance to help solve the conflict of Myanmar like the government of Malaysia and its leaders assisted with their utmost efforts to the closest neighbor Myanmar as Brothers and Sisters. Finally, all ASEAN nations become peace except Myan-mar.

In the same way, the big countries from the East and West help to resolve the conflict of Myanmar, but all their efforts become futility again. Finally, the UN Security Council step in as its obligation solve the problem around the world.

PRESENTATION (Myanmar Chapter) (2018 APLFD ROUND TABLE MEETING)

8-10 DECEMBER 2018, FEDERAL HOTEL, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA

Jen Lomethong

But, as usual, Myanmar regime sharply reacted, say; they have done noth-ing wrong and declined to comply with the decision of UN Security Council as well. They claimed by saying, only they have been cleaning the dishes of the family which is a bounden duty.

Today, it is necessary for all of us to understand the root cause of conflict in Myanmar, we are needed to retrospect the past history of Burma. Tracing back to the eleven century, King Anaw-rahta ordered his subordi-nate officers to eliminate all ethnic nationalities in the kingdom or to assimilate them into Barman’s culture, saying that it was the only means to have peace in the Kingdom. King Anawra-tha was the first era of the Burmese King to order for elimination ethinc people in the history. And followed by the second era of King Bay-innong, the third era of King Alongphaya, and so on, had practiced the same policy of

cleansing ethnic minorities in order to have peace in the land, as a result ethnic groups such as, Pyu, Kanyan, Thet etc. in the kingdom were completely eliminated.

However, when the Burmese Kingdom had fallen into the British suzerainty in 1885, the ethnic cleansing policy was disrupted for a while. Because the Burmans have no power to carry out the policy of Burmese Kingdom. But after Burma gained in-dependence from the British Colonia Rule in 1948, the new Burmese Military dic-tator Gen. Ne Win resumed again the ethnic cleansing policy which was handed down to his subordinates by King Anawratha. It is the witness of the whole world now that the old ethnic nationalities as mentioned above in those days of Bur-mese Kingdom no longer exist today. In addition, the world has a clearer witness of the ethnic cleansing in the latest era of Military



dictator Seneior Gen. Than Shwe of today. The policy of ethnic cleansing is therefore, the root cause of conflict and nothing will be needed to explain how the Burmese military has been eliminat-ing the ethnic nationalities and driving them out from their own homeland and the vacated places are occupying by his followers. All these nefarious acts of Burmese dictators cannot be hidden in the face of the world in this modern day.

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is Head of State and yet she is under the 2008 Constitution of Military, which restricts her from fully exercising her power. She needs our com-bined support to accelerate her intrinsic ability to restore peace and democracy in the country. Let us hope that one day, if the right support is given to her from around the world, it will lead her to accomplish her dream for all in one.

Ladies and Gentlemen, on behalf of the ethnic people in Myanmar, we APLFD My-anmar Chapter would like to fervently appeal all freedom loving people around the world as well as the UN au-thorities to help us solve the protracted conflict, so that ethnic people in Myanmar may have equal privilege to build democracy along with all nations of the world under this globalization schemes. Thank you.

Anhte a ngwipyaw sim-sa la ai Htaw Go' Lawk

Hkawng Buga de Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung, Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyendap, myut-saw mungtsaw hpyenla ni 1963 ning May shata hta du shang hpang ai.

Ningrai, Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyenhpung du shang wa ai hte Htaw Go' Lawk Hka-wng Buga na Mungshawa, Ramma ni yawng mungtsaw myutsaw myit hpring hpring kabu gara awng sharawng

ASAK (70) NING RAI SAYANG, HPYEN RANG-RUT LA AI MYU TSAW BRANGUma Zai

let, hkap bawp hkap tau la ai gaw mau na zawn rai mat nga ai.

Shingrai 4th Batallion No.I Calumn majan je du shang wa ai 1963 ning, Du Layawk Ze Lum hpung ni n hkring n sa Myen wa a dip up sai chyup hkrum nga ai kaw na lawt lu ra sai lam, Htaw Go' Lawk Hkawng Buga Kaht-awng Ningchyawng shara shagu de rawtmalan ra sai lam hkaw tsun hkai dan hka-wm wa masai. Mungshawa ji nban yawng mung myit su myit rawt let nachying wa

awng sharawng wa masai.Dai majaw, 1963 ning garai n htum yang pyi, No.1. Calumn kaw Myutsaw Mungtsaw Hpyenla ni marai (200) jan rai wa masai. Ndai zawn 4th Batallion No.1 Calumn kaw jahkring mi lapran hpyen ninggun law jat wa ai gaw, Buga Mungshawa Ramma ni "SHANGLAWT" lu ra ai ngu ai masa hpe chyena hkawn-hkrang lawan ai majaw, rai nga ai.

Army Hpyenla law htam wa ai hte rau, Army Hpye-nhpung ni hpe hkan tau gar-



um lu na matu Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung a Policy hte maren 1964 ning, October shata hta Gaw Maw Ninghtawn, Gaw Maw 'Mare Lawu Tsang Jawng Gawdin Pa kaw Mare Sin Hpyenhpung VDF (Village Defense Force) training rang-rut hpaw sharin ai lam galaw wa lu masai. Dai VDF Train-ing hpaw hpang wa ai shaloi, shawa yawng n-gun lu, kasi la ging ai myutsaw mungtsaw myit kaba dik ai asak (70) jan wa sai Salang langai mi VDF Hpyen Training la na matu grai myit rawt let Training Dabang de du sa wa ai.

Dai shaloi, Training Sara ni hte Du Salang, makau grup-yin ni yawng gaw, “nang asak kaba sai re. Hpyen Training nan gaw n shang, n la u ga” ngu jawm tsun ai raitim, n la n hkraw nga tsun ai hte maren, asak (70) jan tim ramma ni hte rau atsang awang VDF training sharin awng la nu ai. Ndai sumrai laika a gabaw hte maren, asak (70) jan sayang Hpyen Training sharin hkam la ai Myutsaw wa gaw, Gaw Maw Ninghtawn, Gaw Maw Mare hte Tawtap " LAWK HPYU MARE KAW NA SALANG SHAE SOUI ZE LUM" (Shing Soi Ze Leim) ngu ai wa nan, rai nga ai law.

Ndai prat ndai aten hta jak sinat ngu ai yupmang kaw pyi garai n mu, Dung Myi Htunghpau sinat sha pyi gu

hkra n lu lang ai ten rai nga ai. Raitimung, ndai VDF Hpyenla Shae Soui Ze Lum gaw, ri, nhtu hpe sinat laknak shatai hpai lang nga ai, shani shana Myen shiga madat, shana hkan ri, nhtu sha hpai nna mare kata kawan katsan lam hpe shani shana ngu na agalaw hkawm nga lu ai. Hpyen du jang mung, "Ri" hte kalun, jinghkyen na matu aten tup jin chyalu rai nga lu ai.

Mare Sin Hpyenla VDF Shae Soui Ze Lum gaw, shana mung shanhte mare kahtaw-ng kata kawan katsan Sentry zawng yu, shani mung shiga n pyaw jang OP (Observation Post) zawng, Hpyen shiga madat, sawk sagawn ding-yang rai nga lu ai. Shing-rai shanhte mare kahtawng masha ni shi a majaw, myit ngwi simsa let nga lu ma ai raitim, myutsaw mungtsaw myit dam lada la ai Myut-saw Brang Salang Shae Soui Ze Lum gaw mungdan hte amyusha lawt lu lam magam bungli hpe sharawng awng ai daram garai n gun hpai lu yang, asak aprat kaba sai hte maren, 1965 ning, April shata hta shi n ja la ai mungdan shanglawt rawtmalan magam bungli hte myitrum ni yawng hpe shingdu kayin kau da mat nu ai.

Lai wa sai shaning (50) ning jan hkrunlam hta myit ning-gun n yu lu na mabyin nga lai wa ai zawn, myit n-gun yu

lu, kasi la ging ai mabyin ni mung nga lai, mu lai wa saga ai hte maren -1. Asak (70) ning jan tim gwi gwi hte rangrut Hpyen Training sharin hkam la nna Mungdan Magam gunhpai lai mat wa sai VDF Hpyen La Shae Soui Ze Lum a atsam marai kasi ningli hpe ya prat anhte, nanhte, nang, ngai yawng hkap la mai nga ga ai law.

2. 1991 ning, June shata (22) ya jahpawt, Je Yang Hka hte Munglai Hka Mawru hta ndai laika ka ai wa a myi hte mu laru kaw nta hte hpawn, yawng lawm mat ai Gyi Jum Dingla Labang Grawng langai mi hpe mung, mu lai wa saga ai. (Dai wa mung asak (70) grupyin rai sai. Gyi Jum tsang shara raitim, myit daw myit hten lam n nga ai sha, Mungdan hte Amyu Shanglawt magam bungli hte nachying wa kangka gun-hpai let amyu hte mungdan a matu lamu yambu bawq ai mawru hta asak apnawng lai mat wa sai.)

3. Dairai nna daini na prat na mungchying mung-shawa yawng, ramma shayi shadang ni yawng lahta e tang madun tawn ai Myutsaw Mungtsaw dingla (2) a labau hpe yu let, mungdan hte amyusha lawt lu lam magam bungli hta shakut shaja sa wa ga ngu ga saw dat nngai law. (Mabyin sumteng hpe sakse hkam da ai.)



Wunpawng amyusha ni gaw moi Jiwoi Jiwa ni a ban prat mi hte prat mi kaw nna kadai amyusha, kadai Shadip Magam a Uphkang ai npu e mung n rawng ai, tinang amyu

tinang mungdan kata n dut n dang wanglu wanglang, shadip jahpang Gumrawng Gumtsa rai nna nga ai amyu bawsang langai mi rai nga ai.

Shaning aten law law nga pra hkrat wa ai hte mayat maya law htam wa ai hta hkan nna galaw lu galaw sha, tam lu tam sha, hkawm sa hkawm wa, kanawn mazum myit mang lam magup hta langai hte langai n-gun atsam, myit marai lam sut su ngamai lu lawm lam n bung n pre madang shai hkat ai lam ni nga wa ai majaw n-gun ja ai wa gaw n-gun kya ai wa hpe dangsha mayu ai, kaba ai wa gaw kaji ai wa hpe dangsha mayu ai hte shada dip up sai chyup hkat mayu ai myit jasat kyang lai len ni pru wa ai hta hkan nna (1) Mayan ai len hte uphkang hkat ai. (2) Gumchying Gumsa magam lai len hte uphkang hkat ai lai len ni byin pru hkrum lai wa yu sai. Raitimung maigan wa a npu de shang ai lam n re, tinang amyu, tinang a mungdan nga nna nga pra hkrat wa ai gaw 1886 ning du hkra rai nga ai.

1819 ning hta lawu Myen mung de du bang wa ai Sinna mungdan de na English mung maden Koloni Shadip Magam gaw, 1886 ning hta Wunpawng Mungdan kata de shang kabye maden bang wa masai. Dai hpe Wunpawng amyusha ni gaw lu ai Ri, Nhtu, Sinat, Htunghpau, Ndan, Lahpaw, Masawn, Lungdin ni hte bumlang hkaraw nhkap jut magup hku nna dangdi lu ai atsam hte hkap shingla gasat yu sai. N-gun atsam n bung ai majaw dai ten kaw nna maigan amyu a dip up sai chyup ai lam hpe hkrum sha mat wa ai. 1940 ning daram hta Sinpraw mung de na Japan Hpetsit gumshem shadip magam gaw Englisha hpyen hpe gawt shapraw kau nna Hpetsit gumshem lailen hte Wunpawng amyusha ni hpe dip up zingri uphkang sha ai mung hkrum katup lai wa sai.

1944-45 ning daram hta English Lewi (Levy) hpyenhpung hte American Rengja (Renger) hpyenhpung ni bai du sa nna Japan hpetsit hpyen ni hpe bai gasat shapraw kau nhtawm, English Koloni shadip magam ni kalang bai uphkang lai wa sai. (English Levy hpyenhpung hte American Renger hpyenhpung hta Wunpawng amyusha ni ramram shanglawm shakut shaja lai wa sai.)

Wunpawng Sha Ni A Makyit Sumri Masum (KIO Ningshawng Sanit Majan "Seven Stars" Hpaw Hpang Ai Lam)Kudawng Seng



1947 ning hta Myen amyu Bochuk Aung San gaw English shadip magam kaw mungdan shanglawt ahkang aya jawm hpyi la nna munghpawm Myanma mungdan jawm gaw de na matu Kayin, Kaya, hkang, Mun, Rahkai, Sam hte Wunpawng amyusha ni hpe ra mari (Me-soi) Kahkyin gumdin bang wa sai. 1947 ning February (12) ya shani Sam mung Bang Lung mare kaw galaw ai zuphpawng hta Sama Duwa Sinwa Naw hte Wunpawng amyu Du Gyi Salang n kau mi sa du dung, myit hkrum gasadi laika ka da lawm ma ai.

1948 ning, January shata praw (4) ya shani Munghpawm Myanma Mungdan shanglawt lu ai hte Wunpawng Mungdan kata de Munghpawm Myanma Mungdan ngu ai ahkaw ahkang hte Myen shadip magam tara du shang bang wa sai. Myen amyusha (chauvinism) lailen hpe tek lang nga ai mung maden Myen shadip magam English Koloni mayam lailen, Japan Hpetsit gumshem lailen ni hpe hkringhtawng dagraw lang nna Bang Lung gasadi hte nhtan shai ai hku kaga amyusha ni hte Wunpawng amyusha ni a ntsa dip up sai chyup, gumshem wazep zingri uphkang sha bang wa sai.

Dai majaw 1948 ning March shata 28 ya shani Myen amyu kata na Myen mung Kummyunit hpung (CPB) nam shang sai. 1949 ning nnan daw hta Kayin amyu ni gaw Kayin National Democretic Organization ngu ai KNDO mungmasa hpung langai hpaw nna Myen shadip magam hpe laknak lang rawt gasat hpang wa sai.

1949 ning, Februay shata 16 ya hta Wunpawng amyusha ni hpe shawng nnnan woi rawt-malan hpang wa ai Duwa Naw Seng hte Duwa Zau Seng Ningbaw ai wunpawng amyusha ni marai 1000 mi jan gaw KNDO hte matut mahkai n-gun jahkrum la nna Myen shadip magam hpe laknak lang rawtmalan gasat bang wa sai. May Myo, Lashio, Senwi, Kutkai, Namhpaka mare ni hpe gasat zing madu la lu nna Mung Yu, Muse, Namhkam mare ni de du lung wa sai. Manmaw, Myitkyina de matut lai lung wa nhtawm, Wunpawng Mungdan na mungshawa dawtsa hpe woi awn jasu sharawt kahkyin gumdin nna Myen shadip magam hpe matut rawtmalan gasat mat wa na matu, yawshada ma ai hte myit-su du, gyi, salang ni hpe matut mahkai bawngban jahkrup ma ai. Rai yang dai ten na Mungdaw Ningbaw galaw nga ai Sama Duwa Sinwa Naw hte du salang nkau mi myit n hkrum ai sha n ga, 1EK, 2EK ngu ai hpyenhpung dapdung nnan ni hpe tin shapun gan hpaw jat la hkra rai nna Myen Unu shadip magam tsap let ninghkap gasat ai hpe hkrum kadup ma ai. Tinang amyu shada a kata kaw hpyen masa n htap n htuk re lam byin pru wa ai majaw 1950 ning April htum wa maga hta Duwa Naw Seng gaw masha n-gun (600) daram hte Mung Lung, Munggu, Hpawng Seng hku Miwa Mung de shang mat wa sai. Duwa Zau Seng gaw masha n-gun (60) daram hte Thai Mung jarit mayan de yu wa nhtawm, KNDO kata magam bungli shang gunhpai nga lawm let Wunpawng Mungdan shanglawt rawtmalan hte seng nna n yup n sha myit sumru nga ai.

1957 ning hta Kayin Mungshawa ni kaw kanau Zau Tu, Malizup Zau Mai yan hte hkrum nna Yangon, Mandalay Dakkasu Jawngma ni hte matut mahkai nhtawm, Rawtmalan mung-masa jashawn kahkyin gumdin ai lam galaw mat wa sai. 1958-59 ning hta Myen shadip



magam Myen amyu kaba lailen joi lang nna dip up sai chyup, zingri zingrat gumshem ai lam laja lana grau galaw wa sai. Dai zawn re ai uphkang lailen hpe n hkam sharang n yu nga lu ai, Mungmyit Sinli, Manmaw, Myitkyina Wunpawng mungdan ting na shawa dawtsa ni gaw Myen shadip magam a n hkru n kaja ai lailen hpe rawtmalan gasat kau na matu myit su myit rawt ai hte dating hkyen lajang myit shajin bang mat wa shajang masai.

Du KAba GOC Lahtaw Zau Seng, Zau Tu, Zau Dan shan nau ni gaw KIO Rawtmalan mag-am bungli hpe woi galaw na hkyen ai lam Kawa Hpung Up Sara Balawng Du hpe tsun dan nna ahkang hpyi ma ai da. Dai shaloi Kawa gaw “nan nau ni ndai Rawtmalan magam bungli hpe woi galaw na rai yang, Karai Kasang kaw kyu hpyi majai nna mahtai hpyi la ga ngu tsun ai. Lata kabai bom langai la nna an wa ni a lapran kaw ndai bom tawn da ga Karai Kasang kaw akyu hpyi majai nna ndai bom hpaw hpyan dat yang ahkang jaw ai rai yang gaw bom n ngoi u ga. Ahkang n jaw ai rai yang gaw bom kapaw nna an wa ni yawng si u ga” ngu majai ga tsun let akyu hpyi ma ai. Akyu hpyi ngut nna bom hpaw hpyan dat yang n kapaw ai. Dai majaw, ndai Rawtmalan magam bungli hpe Karai Kasang kaw kyu hpyi apnawng da nna galaw hpang wa ai re lam Ningbaw Ningla ni tsun hkai dan ai mungga kaw na chye la lu ai. Anhte a Rawtmalan magam bingli gaw Karai Kasang ahkaw ahkang jaw nna galaw hpang wa ai re majaw, Karai Kasang hta ngang ngang kang kang kamhpa manoi manat let amyusha ni myit hkrum kahkyin gumdin makai hkak hkak hte jawm shakut sa yang, Awng padang ninglaw lu la na ga ai.

Sanit Majan (Seven Stars) Hpung Hpaw Ai Lam

1957 ning kaw nna Yangon Dakkasu Wunpawng Jawngma ni gaw Laknak lang Rawtmalan hpung hpaw na matu tau hkyen lajang hpang wa masai. Tau hkyen lajang ai lam ma hkra hpe lit la galaw gunhpai sa wa lu na matu ningshawng hpung langai hpe 1957 ning htum wa de hpaw shabawn dat masai. Dai hpung hpe Sanit Majan hpung (Seven Stars) ngu nna shin-gteng masat jaw masai. Hpung salang marai (7) san da ai hpung rai nhtawm, shana ningsin kaba 7 majan shagan pru ten hta she shim dik ai hku bawngban zuphpawng galaw nna woi shamu shamawt hpang wa ai hpung re majaw, dai hpung hpe “7 Majan Hpung” ngu shamy-ing ma ai. Dai hpung gaw KIO a ningshawng hpung ngu yang mung n shut nga ai. Hpang e dai hpung kaw nna KIO matut paw pru wa sai majaw rai nga ai.

Dai hpung hta lawm ai salang ni gaw;1. Salang Zau Tu - Ningbaw.2. Salang Hpau yu Tu Lum - Shawng na Amu Madu.3. Salang Malizup Zau Mai - Hpang na Amu Madu.4. Salang Pungshwi Zau Seng - Hpung Salang.5. Salang Kd. Brang Gam - Hpung Salang.6. Salang Nahpaw Gun Jawng - Hpung Salang.7. Salang Malang Shawng - Hpung Salang.



1959 ning hta Duwa Zau Seng gaw Kayin Mung, Thai ga jarit kaw nna Lashio, Sinli de mayun lung wa nna kahkyin gumdin lam bai matut galaw bang wa sai. Duwa Zau Tu mung Yangon, Mandalay Dakkasu hkan na Wunpawng Jawnma ni hpe kahkyin gumdin jahkrup da nna 1960 ning hta Lashio, de Duwa Zau Seng kaw du lung wa sai. Dai aten hta Dawa Zau Seng hte Duwa Zau Tu gaw Wunpawng amyu shanglawt lam, Myen shadip magam hpe rawtmalan gasat na lam hte Wunpawng Mungdan ting hta dam lada ai hku nna masing jahkrat woi shamu shamawt sa wa na lam ni hte seng nna n-gun dat bawngban wa masai.1960 ning, October shata 25 ya shani Du Salang my tsaw ramma nkau mi Lashio mare kaw zuphpawng galaw nhtawm Wunpawng Mungdan shanglawt Rawtmalan a matu kahkyin gumdin lam hpe htep lahti matut galaw lahkam jat hkrang shapraw mat wa lu na matu Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung KIO (Kachin Independence Organization) ngu ai Mungmasa hpung hpe shalat shangai shapraw dat lu sai. Dai Komiti salang ni gaw;1. Komiti Ningbaw – Duwa Zau Seng.2. Ningbaw malai – Duwa Zau Tu.3. Komiti Amu Madu – Lama La Ring.4. Komiti Salang – Pungshwi Zau Seng.5. Komiti Salang – Lamung Tu Jai.6. Komiti Salang – Dumhpau Gawng.7. Komiti Salang – Zau Dan (or) Zau Hkyen.8. Komiti Salang – Malizup Zau Mai9. Komiti Salang – Maran Brang Seng.10. Komiti Salang – Hkangda Brang Gam.11. Komiti Salang – Namsu Zau Tawng.12. Komiti Salang – Hkangsau Kam Htoi.13. Komiti Salang – Luk Tang Ji.14. Komiti Salang – Malang Shawng.

Wunpawng Mungdan kata de tawt lai shang kabye rawng nga ai mung maden Myen hpyen shadip magam hpe rawtmalan gasat gawt shapraw kau lu na matu tau hkyen lajang ai lam lit la woi awn galaw sa wa na ningshawng hpung rai nga ai Sanit Majan (Seven Stars) hpung gaw Wunpawng mungdan shanglawt hpung KIO hpe hpaw masat shagrin la lu sai. Dai kaw nna KIO hpung Pati hte hpyendap, uphkang dap ni hpe hpaw maden nna shara shagu hta majen je shara la bang mat wa ai gaw ya aten hta Dapdung, Dapba ni hte Ginwang, Gin-wang Ginjaw ni law law hpaw jat nna woi awn sa wa nga sai.

(Hpang nah lang bai matut na : HPJ)



Laika sharin jawng ni hta Democracy hpe jai sun-

glang gawgap sa wa ai shaloi, gara zawn re ai shingdu labau ni nga ging ai ngu ai lam ni hpe anhte ni bawng-ban la ra nga ai. Dai zawn n bawngban la ai sha jawng kata Democracy ngu ai ga lachyum hpe jep sagawn la ra na rai nga ai. Democracy hpe jailang ai jawng ni hta dandawng ai lam mi gaw, jawng mungkan kata kaw kanawn mazum lam gaw masan sa rap-ra nna myit masa kaja ai lam mu lu na rai nga ai.

Kanawn mazum lam ngu ai hta mung jawngnum jawngla shada kanawn mazum lam, sara hte jawng-ma kanawn mazum lam, sara hte kanu kawa kanawn mazum lam ni hpe ngu ai rai nga ai. Daizawn kanawn ma-zum lam kaja prinem ai lam gaw, Democracy a ahkyak kaba hkrang masa langai mi rai nga ai.

Jawng Kata Na Democracy A Shingdu LabauUma Shadang (Hpaji Dap)

Laika sharin jawng ni hpe hpan masum garan da lu nga ai. Nambat langai hpan hpe hkrang gran da ai jawng (Formal School) ngu tsun lu nga ai. Dai jawng hpan hta magam bungli dabang ni, seng kaba ni zawn ripkawp tara nga nga mungding ladat n hten n mat hkra sharin achyin ya ai ladat hpe mu lu nga ai. Dai jawng ni a bungli gaw jawngnum jawngla ni hpe hkala nna masat da ya ai ginhpan (Subject) ni hpe ninggam hte ninggam sharin achyin ya ai hte sanpoi san nna tsang shalun tsang jah-tum ai shaloi jawng kaw na pru nna laika hpe sha sharin ya ai jawng hpan rai nga ai. Laika hpe ahkyak shatai nna sharin achyin ya ai lam gaw jawng shagu a galaw ging galaw ra ai bungli langai rai nga ai. Dai rai yang, dai bungli gaw jawng a bungli yawng n rai nga ai. Nga pra kanawn mazum lam kaw nna hkawt shinggyim masa lam ni hpe malap mali rai ai majaw, jawngma ni gaw dai jawng hpan hpe bungli lu

lawm lam a bunhli dabang langai zawn sha myit la chye ma ai. Dai jawng hpan gaw num sha ma kasha ni hpe bungli lu shangun na matu ginya ai lam raitim, shinggy-im wuhpung wuhpawng hta gara hku nga pra hkawm sa ra ai n sharin ya ma ai.

Dai majaw dai laika sharin jawng hpan gaw myik dik myit krem hpa jawng n rai nga ai. Sara ni a yawshada ai lam gaw, jawngnum jawngla ni gaw tsang laika ni awng la nna magam bungli lan-gai ngai hpe lu galaw wa lu na sha madung rai nga ai. Dai jawng hpan gaw makau grup-yin shinggyim mung-kan hte magyep kap n lu ai, gyip-gyeng la ai jawng hpan langai ram sha rai nga ai.

Nambat lahkawng jawng hpan hpe Dinghku jawng (Familly School) nga ma ai. Dai jawng ni gaw ru hkum hku nna, grai n law la nga ai. Dai jawng a yawshada ai lam gaw nambat langai jawng hpan ni hpe n ra sharawng



nna laklai ai hkrang masa hte jawng ningnan shalat na ngu ai yawshada lam hte hpaw da ai lam rai nga ai. Madung yawshada ai gaw dai jawng ni hta lung sharin nga ai jawngnum jawng-la ni gaw myit pyaw pyaw hte dinghku masha langai zawn hku hku hkau hkau nga sa kanawn mazum nga na matu rai nga ai. Dai rai yang, Democracy mungkan de du shang wa na rai nga ai jawngma ni hpe pyaw hpa lam langai san san lu la na matu sha n rai nga ai. Myit pyaw lam gaw masa langai ngai hpe galaw ngut nna rai rai nga sa lam, bu hpun lam, lu sha lam hpring tsup nna rai rai lu la mai ai myit masa lam hpe shadawng madun dan ai lam rai nga ai.

"Sara/num ni alak mi sadi ra ai lam mabyin langai gaw jawng gaw laika sharin ya ai magam dap ram n mai myit ai. Jawng gaw, wuhpung langai, wu-hpung wuhpawng langai, shinggyim mungkan, ma hpan hkum byin ra na"

Dai majaw pyaw pyaw nga chye wa hkra sharin achyin ya ai ngu ai gaw lachyum n pru na re. Shada dinghku masha zawn hku hkau wa hkra sharin ya ai lam, rau hkawm rau chyawm ngwi

ngwi pyaw pyaw nga chye wa hkra sharin ya ai lam ni gaw grai ra taw timung, "Hkum Tsup Sai Jawng Kata Mungkan" n byin shi nga ai.

Nambat masum hpan rai nga ai jawng ni gaw, lahta na jawng hpan hta bungli grau dam lada ai. Dai jawng hpan hta, jawng sharin ginhpan ni hpe sharin ya ai lam, jawng kata nga ai ma ni hpe dingh-ku masha zawn ngwi ngwi pyaw pyaw hku hku hkau hkau nga pra kanawn ma-zum chye wa hkra sharin ya ai hta n ga Democracy kyang lailen ni hpe mung hkansa shaman ya taw nga ai. Dai jawng hpan hpe (Democracy Jawng) ngu tsun mai nga ai. Dai jawng mungkan hta jawngnum jawngla ni gaw jaw ya hkap la myit masa hte shawa a matu, tinang kaw nna shagrit shanem mayu myit nga ai lam, jawng kata prinem wa hkra dangdi ai darama garum ai lam, mag-am lit shagu hpe rap-ra gun hpai chye ai lam, shinggyim mungkan yawng hpe akyu nga hkra shanglawn gun hpai na ngu yawshada lam kaba hpe mung tawn da ai jawng hpan rai nga ai. Ndai zawn re ai jawng byin pru wa lu na matu gaw, jawng-ma komiti ni, jawng kongsi ni kade ram hpaw shadawn da tim, tengman ai democ-racy myit jasat n nga yang

awngdang wa na n rai nga ai. Grau nna, Jawng Up Sara Kaba hte jawng sara ni myit lawm hkum lawm ahkyak shatai shanglawm yang she awngdang wa na re.

Laika sharin jawng hta de-mocracy myit jasat paw pru wa na matu, kanawn ma-zum lam gaw ahkyak kaba re. Kanawn mazum lam awngdang wa shangun wa lu na matu mung, Jawng-up Sara Kaba wa gaw, madung ahkyak kaba htum rai nga ai. Jawng Up Sara Kaba wa gaw tinang hkum hpe power nga ai wa ngu sha hkam la yang, tinang a jawng hta democra-cy byin na n re.

Dai hte maren, Sara Kaba wa gaw tsawra myit ding lai nna, tinang a power ni hpe shayawm kau nhtawm jawngma ni hpe democracy ahkaw ahkang yawng jaw kau yang mung tinang a jawng gaw matu n dim ai ka zawn n ru n ra byin wa na hpe mung dum ra ai. Jawng Up Sara Kaba langai hku nna tinang hta masat tawn da ai magam lit nga ra na re. Power kau chyen hpe garan jaw na rai jang, jawngma ni a machye machyang, jawng-ma ni a lu galaw ai atsam, jawngma ni a hkum hkrum mahkrum madup ni hpe madi madun shingdaw yu nna sha garan jaw na ra nga



ai. Shiga editir langai mi gaw kalang mi hta lawu na hte maren tsun ga ga ai.

"Editor kaja ngu ai gaw, tinang a kraw dung machye machyang hte laikyang gaw tinang a shiga laika hta shingnip shingna zawn galoi mung matut manoi hkang taw na re ai. Dai rai yang, 7 ya daram tinang bungli n galaw nna nga yang mung tinang a shi laika gaw masa n hten ai sha matut nna tinang a shingna sha hkang taw na re" Ndai matsing hpa gaw, Jawng Up wa hte mung seng nga ai. Democracy hpe tsawra manu shadan ai jawng up wa gaw jawng ting a bungli masing masa shagu hta tinang a shingna zawn hkang taw na ahkyak dik re. Dai rai jang, jawng kata nga ai masha shagu kaw mung magam lit shagu hpe gun-hpai lu nna jawng up wa gaw mayen maga hku mi n rai tim jawng a masa gaw hten byak wa na n rai nga ai.

Jawng kata Democracy awngdang lu na matu gaw jawng up wa hte ningtau sara/ num ni a kanawn ma-zum lam gaw prinen tsawm htap nga na hkyak ai. Hku hkau pawng hpawm kanawn mazum gunhpai ai. Langai hte langai hkungga lara hkat ai lam ni gaw grai madi wadaw tai shangun nga ai.

Gunhpai na magam lit hpe mung maren mara rap-ra gunhpai lu ai majaw masha hkum ngau shagu magam lit la chye wa ai myit hpe grau shabyin ya nga ai. Rau pawng bawngban ai lam hta mung, brang brang lang lang tsun jahta bawngban lu wa ai majaw tang du lu nga ai. Ga shadawn jawng up wa gaw a na power masa jai lang sa wa yang ningtau sara/ num ni gaw tinang tsun mayu ai lam ni hpe hpaw malang tsun gwi na n re hta n ga jawng a bawng-ring rawtjat lam ni hpe grai ahtu hkra shangun wa na rai nga ai. Dai majaw, jawng sara/num ni yawng gaw wanglu wanglang tsun shaga ahkaw ahkang nga na ahkyak kaba re ai.

Jawng Up wa hte jawngma ni a kanawn mazum gaw grau nna ahkyak la nga ai. Mying gumhkawng jawng kaba n kau mi hta, jawng up hte jawngma ni jahkring hkrum tsup nhtawm brang brang lang lang hku hku hkau hkau bawngban la chye ma ai. Ndai masa hpan ni gaw democracy masa hpe madi shadaw pawn ba ai lam rai nna, grai ra sharawng hpa re ai. Jawng up gaw a na power hte hkrai rai jang, jawngma ni gaw hkrit kamin ai myit hte tinang tsun shaga mayu atsam hpe magap kau na sha rai nga ai. Jawngma

ni gaw sara hpe tsawra hkrit hkungga na ngu ai tara gaw sara ni kaw nna ma ja byin shaangun ai tara n mai da ai. Ma ni a myit hta shi hkrai paw pru wa ai masa sha byin shangun mai ai. Jawngmg ni gaw sara ni hpe shi chyu sha tsawra wa ai. Shi hkrai shi hkrit hkungga wa ai lam nga wa jang ndai jawng hpan gaw democracy hpaji bawng-ring na matu kaja htum ai jawng tai wa na re. Ntsa kaw na tsawra shangun ai majaw tsawra hkrit shangun ai majaw hkrit ra ai, hkungga shangun ai majaw hkungga ai ngu ai mabyin masa lam ni gaw democracy hte grai tsan gang mat wa ai hkrang masa langai mi re ai hpe dum chye ra ai.

Lahta de tsun lai mat wa sai hte maren Sara Kaba hte Sara ni hku hku hkau hkra kanawn mazum ai. Sara Kaba hte ma ni hku hkau hkra kanawn mazum ai lam ni nga wa jang gaw sara hte ma ni hku hkau hkra kanawn mazum mung nga wa na teng sha rai nngai. Dai zawn jawng kata kanawn mazum lam ni gaw prinen hku hkau wa jang democra-cy nli jahrat mai ai grai kaja ai namhpun nga sai ngu mai nga ai law.



Kawq-lakai re ai PUNGGA JA LI a prat ndai

Nding Tawng Ra ( ညြနၾကားေရးမး HLD)

Shawng daw nah matut :

Myo de jawng lung hpaji sharin sa wa ai lam

1960 ning June shata hta Manghkring jawng kaw jawng mying sa bang ai shaloi, gumhpraw lap 20 gun sa ai. Jawng kaw bang ra ai gumhpraw ni ra ai shaning ting na ra ai laika buk hte maisau ni jawng kaw nan dut ya ai. Shana de nta wa ai shaloi gumhpraw lap 5 tup naw ngam ai. Dai aten na jawng shang shabrai gaw lap 5 hte law ai lachyum rai nga ai. Bumga de na yu wa ai ni a mayak manghkang gaw Myen laika hpe Myen hku nan tsun ra ai mangh-kang re ai. Shing-rai 5 ya shana jawng yu ai kaw na bat langai ya jahpawt jawng garai n sa yang na aten gaw pyaw dik ai aten re. Bat 1 ya hte bat 5 ya tup Myen ga ga n gwi ai majaw bumga de bai lung mat wa ai manang ni mung lawm shajang ai. Tsang 5 kaw sharin ai sar-ama yawng gaw, Jinghpaw sara ni re ai. Tsang 6 du ai shaloi gaw, Myen ga nau n yak ai majaw jawng lung pyaw wa sai. Raitim tsang

6 lung ai shaning mangh-kang langai mi gatut ai dai manghkang gaw hpa ta? nga yang manghkring mare kaw sha nga ai jawngma manang Lajaw Tu ngu ai wa a majw byin ai manghkang re. Shi gaw kajawng ai shaloi shi hte manhkrum nga ai kadai hpe raitimung yungdawn hte mawlaw mawlaw nga nna, manang wa a ladi kaw ashawt chye ai. Lani mi na nhtoi hta Myen num langai mi lapran tsang jawng ni hta sawn hpan (Math) sa sharin ya ai.

Dai jawng sarama gaw jawngma nkau hta asak nawq kaji ai. Shing-rai jawng gawk kaw pyi grai gaya ai hte sharin ya ai. Shi a mying gaw Ma Hla Hla ngu ai re. Lahpawt mi gaw tsang 6 (B) kaw shang ai. Jawngma ni hpe sawn hpan, sawn sha-man shangun da nna, shi gaw, shawng lam na saboi ni hpe hkan gum mada hkawm nga yang, shawng na yan Lajaw Tu ang ang kaw wa tsap ai. Hpang na yan kaw gaw Lashu Naw dung ai. Lashu Naw gaw Lajaw Tu a lam chye nna shingma kaw sa hkra dat ya ai. Lajaw Tu mung kajawng ai hte shi a

kyang hte maren sarama a ladi kaw layung ashawt ya ai. Shaloi sarama gaw hkrap let jawng up a rung de wa mat sai. Kade nna yang, jawng pyada Nhkawq Tu gaw Tsang 6 (B) ni yawng jawng up a rung de sa na da nga nna sa marawn tsun ai. Shing-rai jawng gawk ting rung gawk de yan sa wa saga ai. Rung gawk kaw du ai sha-loi sarama Ma Hla Hla gaw hkawawt kaw dung na hkrap nga ai. Sarama kaba gaw baw n sharawt mada ai sha laika langai mi gum hti taw nga ai. Anhte mung mara galaw ai Lajaw Tu yan Lashu Naw hpe sarama kaba man de htep htep tsap shangun nna ngam ai ni gaw shingdu de marawng tsap nga ga ai. Sarama mung laika hti ngut ai hte grai pawt ai myiman rau Lajaw Tu nang hpa byin ai nga tsun dat ai.

Lajaw Tu mung Lashu Naw hpe mara shagun mayu ai shamu shamawt hte Lashu Naw hpang de mara shagun mayu ai myiman madun dat ai. Shaloi Lashu Naw mung Lajaw Tu hpe bai dinghkran hkra dat ai. Shaloi Lajaw Tu kalang mi bai kajawng let sarama kaba a ladi hpe bai



dingshawt ya ai shaloi she sarama kaba hte sarama Hla Hla gaw shawng mani dat ai shaloi sarama kaba gaw marawn let tinang gawk de lawan wa mu nga tsun dat ai. Sarama hpe mung ahkre let laika lawan wa sharin na matu tsun dat ai. Jawng gawk kaw du ai shaloi gaw saram amung mani let shang wa nna, tawngban ai ahk-yang n chye hkat nna shut ai re nga nna wa tawngban ai. Mara galaw ai yan mung tawngban nna hpang shani hkan gaw shada shala mani let grai pyaw ai hku nna laika sharin matut mat wa ga ai. Dai sarama gaw aten tup sarama n re. Dakkasu jawng matut lung ra ai rai nna, shata 2 sha sharin nna bai wa mat sai. Wa na jahpawt gaw tsang 6 (B) hpe n ja nna, hkrap let wa mat sai.

1963 ning hta gaw tsang 7 bai lung ai. Jawng ningnan hpaw ten jan grai gahtet ai ten hta tsang 7, tsang 8, tsang 9 gawk masum ting namdum maza bat manam nna, yawng ni gawk shagu san seng lam jawm galaw timmung grai manam wa ai. Manam dingyang sha re. Hpang jahtum e numgaw ntsa de lung yu ai. Shaloi gaw tsang (5) gawk ntsa kaw namdum sa da ai hpe wa mu ai. Dai mung Lashu Naw rai nga ai. Dai shani kaw na Lashu Naw hpe jawng shapraw kau ma ai. Dai

shaning na gawdin ginsup shingjawng ai lam galaw ma ai. Lana mi gawdin ginsup shingjawng na matu myo de sa ga ai. Ginsup sa wa yang laika buk nhpye hpe desk kata de matsut bang kau da ai. Ginsup sa wa yang gaw lagaw leng langai hpra hte sa ai. Myo kaw na jawng kaw sa ginsup shingjawng ai, ginsup hkring ai shaloi namsi ntsin jaw luq ma ai. bai wa yang gaw, tinang mare tinang wa mat ga ai. Raitimung Ja Li gaw laika buk nhpye jawng kaw tawn da ai rai nna, jawng de du da nna she, nta de wa na hku re. Manhkring jawng de lung wa ai shaloi ya na, Shatapru nbungli pa dingsa hpe lai di ra ai. Nbungli pa dingsa sinpraw maga hku lagaw leng hte lung wa ai. Manang ni gaw mukchyaw loili sha lang ma ai.

Ja Li gaw gumhpraw n lu ai rai nna, hpa mung n sha lang ai. Nbungli pa dingsa hpe lai di ai shaloi ba ai, jan kahtet ai, hpang gara ai mung ladu shalai hpang gara ai hte kan mung grai kansi ai. Shing-rai lung wa yang, lahkra maga de ginsum lan-gai mi mu dat ai. Hkaq hpyi luq n amatu dai ginsum de sa wa ai. Gam mi akaja dai kaw num sha langa mi nga nga ai. Shi hpun da ai labu palawng ni gaw Manghkring jawng a bu hpun palawng ni hpun da nga ai. Rau jawng

na raitim n chye hkat ai. Raitim hkaq loi mi luq la na ngu tsun ai shaloi, shi gaw ngai na matu hkaq tam rawt mat wa ai. Shi rawt mat wa ai shara kaw saboi kasha langia mi nga ai. Dai saboi kaw shat gatsi hte nawqhpu wan mi mung taw nga ai. Ngai mung hkaq dat ai jan garai n du wa ai laman e dai saboi makau kaw dung dat ai hte lata gaw shat ban de du rau taw nga ai. Hkaq la ai jan bai du pru wa ai shaloi gaw shat ban kaw shat n-gup mi daram sha ngam mat sai. Num sha mung Ja Li ginsup hpun palawng hte re majaw ginsup sa ai de na wa ai re hpe shi tau chye da ang sai. Ja Li mung gaya n chye nna, “Shat wa mung sha dat se ai law” ngu tsun dat nu ai. Shi mung, “Sha ga, Sha ga” nga tsun let shat gawk hte pinra lapran kaw hkawm gahkrang taw nga ai. Shi a satlawat hpe yu yang shat jat ya mayu ang ai. Raitim shat gaw jahpawt na ngam re majaw, jat na n nga mat ang ai. Ja Li mung shat hkru mat jang gaw gaya mayu wa ai. Shing-rai shi dat ya ai hkaq sha luq nna, jawng de laika buk tawn kau da ai. Jawng sin ai wa wa kau da ai. Jawng sin ai wa wa mat jang laika nhpye n lu la na tsang ai ngu sha tsun masu nna gaya let wa mat sai.

(Hpang nah lang bai matut na : HPJ)



Miwa-Jinghpawsu ni tsun shaga matep nga ai Myen garsi garhkaw ni :(1). Dat-shin (2). Datpung (3). Asuya (4). Myu (mare) (5). Muhtam (6). Bawlung (gawdin) (7). Rung (8). Tongban (9). Nayi (10). Saboi(11). Poiza(12). Alaga(13). Zadek(14). Datsi(15). Salik(16). Pya (madun)(17). Pungzan(18). Sagya(19). Lekmat (hpyau)(20). Kabyan(21). Chyenan(22). Zaye(23). Ana (Ahnar ai; gsd.

Grai a-na mat sai.)(24). Chyeju (Moi eh, Kachin ni "Chyeju kaba sai" ngu nna n tsun hkrat wa ai. Christian sasana du shang wa ai hpang sheq, jailang hpang wa ai Myen garsi gar-hkaw rai nga ai. Dai majaw, "Chyeju kaba sai" ngu dat

jang, Jinghpaw ni gaw "N ra ai" ngu nna bai ninghtang tsun wa ai, rai saq. Moi gaw, chyeju kaba sai aq malai, "A-ra law!, Rai sai law!" ngu hkrat wa ai, re.)

(25). Sara ("Sara" ngu ai gaw, Myen ni shaga taw ai "Saya" nah bai yuq wa ai, re. Myen ni gaw English gar "Sir" nna bai lah lang tsun matwa ai, re. Ndai hpe sharin ya ai ma-sha ni (teacher), machyoi ni, myit-suh ni yawng hpe gum-hpawm nna "Saya" ngu wa maq ai. Myen ni num hpe "Sayama" ngu jang, Myen mungh Kachin ni mung "Sarama" (Saranum) ngu nna bai hkan tsun shaga wa nga ai. Raitim, Miwa Jingh-paw ni gaw, num mi rairai, lar mi rairai "Sara" sha, ngu nga ai. Miwa mung, “sara” ngu ai “teacher” hpe num raitim, lar raitim “Lăo Shi ” sha, ngu nga ai. Ndai gaw, grau jaw kaja nga maluq ai. RCM nawkuq makam hpung nah "Ma Ma" (sister) mung, Myen gar "Maq Maq (မမ) nah yuq wa ai, rai nga ai.

Matsing : ndai garsi garhkaw ni gaw, Yunnan - Saphkung Jinghpaw Nsen Shapoi Dap hteq Jinghpawsu lai-ka ningka ni ka shaprawq tawn ai laili laika ni hkan nah re. Miwa Jinghpaw ni Myen garsi garhkaw tsun shaga matep lawm tim, Myen gar ni hpe n chyena nga ai. Miwa Jinghpawsu ni tsun shaga matep shalawm nga ai Myen garhkum garsi nkau ni gaw, aten naq sai Myen hkawhkam prat nah gar dingsa ni lawm shajang nga ai. Miwa Jinghpawsu ni htaq, Myen Mungh Kachin ni gaw, Myen garsi garhkum grau lawq matep shaga lang nga ai. Agar majun kap ai zawn, Myen akyang lailen ni mung, kap shajang nga ai, re. Kachin tsun shaga gar eh, Miwa garsi garhkum ni hpe n matep lang ai daram, rai nga maluq ai. Ndai mabyin masa ni gaw, Kachin ginru ginsa nah shingnip shingnar adaw achyen ni mung, rai nga ai. (Miwa-Jinghpawsu ni tsun lang nga ai Myen garsi garhkaw ni hpe ang katut wa jang, bai matut shayan hkrawk mahkawng madun matwa na.)

MIWA MUNGH JINGHPAWSU NI TSUN SHAGA LANG NGA AI MYEN GARSI GARHKUM

Hparat Panglai Reporter



Wunpawng Zaiwa amyu lakung ni a

hkrumzup hpawng hte htunghking laili laika hpaji jaw hpawng hpe Miwa Gumsan Mungdan, Dehung Zhvu, Jang Hkawng Mare kaw 2-10-2018 ya shani galaw la lu sai. Ndai zuphpawng hta Du kaba Lahpai Zau Tang (H.L.D) mung, hpawng lamang woi awn ningbaw hku nna shanglawm lai wa ai.

2018 ning, October praw (1) ya shana de sumtsan manam ni hte zuphpawng ningbaw ni du zup nna ra ai lam bawngban jahkrup ai. 2018 ning, October (2) ya jahpawt hkying 09:00 AM hta shara magup na Zaiwa amyu lakung ni du hkum sai the, jahpawt 10:00 AM kaw na

hpawng hpang wa sai. Ndai zuphpawng hta Nshawn Pa, Nmau Pa, Mangshi, Jehpang, Yinkyang Ginwang, Laiza, Maija Yang de na Zaiwa myit hkrum hpung ni shang lawm ai. Zaiwa Laika sharin jawng (5) na Jawngma ni hte Jawng Sara ni shang lawm ai.

Jahpawt daw na zuphpawng hpe Sara Lahpai Nawng Lat hte Sara Marip Ma Roi ni woi awn galaw ya ai. Shawng ningnan shadaq-daq shachyen shaga ai lam galaw ai. Dai hpawng

hta, Sara kaba Dr. Dawshi Yawng Htang (Zaiwa Laika Chyum gale hpung Ningbaw) hpaji jawq mungga shaga ai htaq “Shinggyim masha gaw, tinang langai hkrai n mai pra ai, makau grup-

yin hte rau nga pra ra gaq ai. Tinang nga ai mungdan a mungchying sha kaja byin hkra nga chye ra ai.”Bai matut hpaji jawq ai htaq:

1. Mungdan gaw ngai hpe hpa akyu jaw nga aq ta?2. Ngai gaw mungdan a matu hpa galaw ya sai kun?3. Ngai gaw mungdan a matu lama ma galaw lu na lam nga aq ni?

Ndai ni hpe bai sumru yu gaq. Anhte Zaizaw Zaiwa ni a laili laika jawm ka jailang ai lam gaw, Mungdan Shadip Magam kaw nna Zaiwa amyusha ni hpe myi hpaw, na na, chyoi chye wa mu gaq nga masing jahkrat gyin shalat dat ya ai re hpe n mai malap na ga ai. Anhte shaga ai ga ni hta Miwa ga, Jinghpaw ga ni gayau gaya shaga ai re majaw Zaiwa

WUNPAWNG ZAIWA HTUNGHKING HTE LAILI LAKA HKRUMZUP BAWNGBAN HPAWNG GALAW

(Jang Hkawng, Kawng Shan, Miwa Gumsan Mungdan)

Dkb. Lahpai Zau Tang (H.L.D )



Laika sharin ai hta chye la yak ai lam hpe mu mada ai. Tinang a Zaiwa ga hpe paw tum hkren atsawm chye shaga hkra shakut ga. Online ntsa Zaiwa ga shaga shaman ai Group ni woi hpaw da ai gaw grai kaja ai lam rai sai. Tinang a ga hpe atsawm chye tsun shaga jang, laika sharin la ai shaloi mung grai loi laq nga ai. Yawng ngwi pyaw nga malit gaq nga nna tsun hpaji jaw la sai.

Dai hpang, Sara Kaba Dr. Mau Ladon (Laili laika Dap Hpu-awn) kaw nna hpaji jaw mungga shaga ai hta tinang shaga ai ga hta hkan nna laika si ka jahtuk la ai lam gaw hpang e yak wa na re. Ga shadawn;- “Je ju ko be, Kye chyu ko be, Kye ju ko be’’ ngu shaga mahkuh hta hkan nna amyu myu ka lang ai lam hpe tsun ai. Yawng mai lang ai laika si langai sha jawm lang gaq, nga ai. Bai, laika ka ai shaloi, Miwa Ga gayau shalawm ai lam n galaw na lam tsun ai. Ga shadawn : “Nga nhung Tah Gya” ngu na malai, “ Nga nhung Banshoq bang” ngu

chye ka hkra galaw ga nga tsun hpaji jaw la sai.

Mangshi ka manawt hpung ni a ka hkrang ni hpe jawm yu, Yu-ngwi Ninghkring ni a mahku nsen jawm madat hkam la let jahpawt daw na hpawng lamang hpe 12:00 Noon hta, hkringsa sagaq ai. Jahpawt lu sha hpe “Hpawgoi nep ai htunghking lu sha” jawm sha saga ai.

Shani ka-ang hkringsa ten hta, Htawngka jawm ka chyai, Oiye ye, Mahkawn hkawn chyai rai let, shana de 01: 00 PM ten hta zuphpawng bai hpang sai. Zuphpawng hpe Sara kaba Lahpai La Ring kyu hpyi woi awn la sai. Dai hpang Du kaba Muihaw Lagyon (Sumtsan Masha Renghkang Du, Dehung Zhvu.) kaw nna Gungchan Tang Shadip Magam gaw amyu kaji ni hpe tsawra pawn baq nga ai lam, Myen mungh Miwa mungh ngu n ginhka hkat ai sha, anhte shada myit hkrum nga na lam

ni hpe tsun hpaji jaw ai. Zuphpawng alu gumhpraw hpe mung, jaw bang da ya sai. Du Kaba Lahpai Zau Tang (Zaiwa Myithkrum Hpung Ningbaw) kaw nna amyu kaba ni a lapran nga pra sa wa ai ni gaw tinang amyu a Htunghking, Ga, Laika ni hpe n mai shamat kau ai lam, Mungkan hta masha n-gun grai law sai amyu ni tinang amyu a Htunghking, Ga, Laika ni n lang mat ai majaw, Mungkan ntsa mat mat ai amyu ni grai nga ai. Myen mungh kata na Pyu, Thet, Kadu Kanan ni a lam sakse madun tsun dan sai.

Zaizaw chyit myit jawngma ni a yu-ngwi nsen jawm madat chyai let, shada kumhpa jaw ai lamang ni hpe jawm galaw sai. Group sumla ni jawm gayat la nna htawngka ka chyai, Zaiwa Jauhkyen jawm yu chyai ai. Shana man hkrum luq shah hpe jawm shah nna hpungdim dat sagaq ai. Du sa ai masha ni yawng marai (112) tup re.



Documents

2018 Volume I, No. Established 2015. - Hparat Panglai...Established 2015. Volume I, No. 2018 4 Hparat Panglai Journal byin rai ai shara ni mung, Miwa hpaga masing gran tawn ai lamugah