2019 Senior External Examination: Biology Paper One ... · 2019 Biology — Question and response boo — aper One 5 Question 5 (UB) Complete the word equation below for a process

Planning space

2 2019 Biology — Question and response book — Paper One

Question 2 (UB)Fourcellsfromdifferentorganismswereobservedusingalightmicroscope.Theobservationsareinthetable below.

Cell Type of organism Nucleus Cell wall Approximate length (μm)

A unicellular absent present 5

B unicellular present absent 100

C multicellular present absent 30

D multicellular present present 200

a. Whichofthecellsisaprokaryote?Explainyouranswer.

b. Whichofthecellswouldbefromaplant?Explainyouranswer.

52019 Biology — Question and response book — Paper One

Question 5 (UB)Complete the word equation below for a process that occurs in cells.

glucose+oxygen

Question 6 (UB)Elysia chlorotica is a green sea slug. This sea slug is unique among sea slugs as it can survive on light energy alone. E. chlorotica acquires chloroplasts from the algae it eats and stores them in the cells that line its digestive tract. Young E. chlorotica fed with algae for two weeks can survive for the rest of their lives without eating.

a. What is the product of photosynthesis that provides the energy that enables E. chlorotica to survivewithout eating?

b. The product of photosynthesis must undergo a process for the slug to access energy. Name theprocess.

c. ExplainhowhavingchloroplastsallowsE. chlorotica to overcome the disadvantage of living in awatery environment containing a low concentration of dissolved gases.


Question 7 (UB)Thediagrambelowshowstheinitialandfinalstatesforanexperiment.

a. Explainwhythechangeinwaterleveloccurred.Refertowaterandsaltintheresponse.

b. Animal cells placed in distilled water swell and burst, whereas plant cells placed in distilled waterswellbutdonotburst.Explainthedifference.

End of Part A


c. Explainhowtherespiratorysystemandthecirculatorysystemworktogetherinmammals.


Question 2 (UB)The diagram below shows the feedback model for controlling body temperature in humans.

Usetheinformationinthediagramtoexplainhowbodytemperatureisregulatedinhumans.Includethetypes of responses that occur for both a rise and drop in temperature.


Question 3 (IB)Cigarettesmokingcausesthesmokertobreatheincarbonmonoxidegasandothersubstancesthatareharmfultohumans.Thecarbonmonoxideismorelikelythanoxygentobetakenupbytheredbloodcells. The table below compares the number of beats per minute (bpm) of the heart and the number of red blood cells from three individuals.

Heart rate (bpm) Red blood cell count (1012) per litre

Heavy smoker 92 8.3

Passive smoker 81 6.2

Non-smoker 76 5.1

a. Drawaconclusionabouttheeffectofsmokingonbothheartrateandredbloodcellcount.

b. Justifyyourconclusionbyexplainingwhytheheavysmoker’sresultsvaryfromthenon-smoker’sresults.


Question 4 (IB)A student noticed that tomato plants bend towards the light.

Outlineanexperimentthatinvestigateswhetherthecolouroflightaffectstheamountofstembending(phototropism) in tomato plants:

• Provide methodology.

• Address variables and control.

• Plan replicate treatments.

• Identify data to be collected (what, when, how).


Question 5 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 5 (EBI)Growth hormones and other chemicals are used to enhance livestock production.

Do you agree with the use of growth hormones and other chemicals in livestock production?

Include in your response:• a clearly stated decision• paragraphs to support the decision, backed up by relevant biological facts• considerationofalternativesandanexplanationofwhyyourdecisionmaynotbesupported• a summary that brings together the main points to justify your decision.


End of Part B


Part C — Organisms and ecosystemsQuestions 1–4 assess Understanding biology (UB) and/or Investigating biology (IB).Question 5 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the space provided.Suggested time allocation: 55 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)As eucalypts grow, they change from a bush to a tall straight tree. Because of this change, eucalypts lose theirlowerbranches.Asaresult,parrotsofmanydifferentspeciespeckatthewoodandeventuallyopenupnesting hollows.

In Tasmania, swift parrot populations are endangered by the sugar glider. Sugar gliders will take over the nests of swift parrots forcing out the swift parrot adults and often consuming the eggs or chicks.

Complete the table, stating the name of the relationships between the species.

Species Relationship

Eucalypt and nesting swift parrot

Sugar Glider and adult swift parrots

Sugar glider and swift parrot eggs or chicks

Question 2 (IB)Limpets are small invertebrates that feed on green algae living on rocks close to the sea. Oystercatchers (Haemotopus palliatus) are birds that eat limpets. A study of a rocky shore showed that three species of limpets were present: Lottia digitalis, Lottia pelta and Lottia strigatella.

a. In the space below, construct a food web that includes all of the organisms referred to above.


Question 3 (IB)Ecologists are concerned about the levels of the heavy metal cadmium in organisms from an estuary. The results from the estuary are shown in the table below.

Source Cadmium levels(μg/g)

Estuarine water 0.005

Algae 0.3

Molluscs 2.1

Fish 12.6

Large birds 47.0

(Note: Levels of cadmium acceptable for human consumption are below 3 µg/g.)

Interpret the data and refer to theory to draw a conclusion about cadmium levels in the estuary.


Question 4 (UB)Research on the population of a species of beetle estimates that the population size is 3000. Over a month, 400 births and 150 deaths are recorded in the population. Emigration and immigration are equal.

a. Using the formula below, calculate the percentage growth rate per month (r) of the population.births deathsr 100population size

−= ×

b. Predict the size of the population after three months.

c. After three months, the population was found to be 500 beetles. Why is this number less thanpredicted in Part b?


Question 5 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 5 (EBI)According to National Geographic:

Australia’s beloved kangaroos are now controversial pests. They’re the nation’s hopping icons. They also destroy crops and cause car accidents.

One proposal to prevent kangaroos becoming pests is to cull numbers within the population. Do you agree with this proposal?

Include in your response:• a clearly stated decision• paragraphs to support the decision, backed up by relevant biological facts• considerationofalternativesandanexplanationofwhyyourdecisionmaynotbesupported• a summary that brings together the main points to justify your decision.


End of Part CEnd of Paper One


Planning space


Part Question

Additional page for responses (if required)


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Acknowledgments

Part AQuestion 1 diagram adapted from www.biologycorner.com/anatomy/cell/ch3_review.html, Biologycorner by Shannan Muskopf, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Question3diagramfrom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_edit2.svg, ‘Cell membrane detailed diagram’ by Mariana Ruiz, CC BY-SA-3.0

Question 7 diagram adapted from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Osmose_en.svg, by Hans Hillewaert, CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported

Part BQuestion 1 diagram adapted from image of Alveolus by enotes.com available at: https://socratic.org/questions/what-are-structure-and-function-of-alveoli

Part CQuestion5extractfromwww.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2019/02/australia-kangaroo- beloved-symbol-becomes-pest

All websites accessed on 9–10 April 2019 and 27 May 2019.

© State of Queensland (Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority) 2019

Copyright enquiries should be made to:

ManagerPublishing UnitEmail: publishing@[email protected]

Queensland Curriculum& Assessment AuthorityPO Box 307, Spring Hill QLD 4004 AustraliaLevel 7, 154 Melbourne Street, South BrisbaneT +61 7 3864 0299

www.qcaa.qld.edu.au

Documents

2019 Senior External Examination: Biology Paper One ... · 2019 Biology — Question and response boo — aper One 5 Question 5 (UB) Complete the word equation below for a process