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203 .2 98IN 4A
IRCInttMnarional Water and Sanitation C lent re
P.O. BOX 28Ö9, 2^01 CW PLLIT, THL NETHERLANDS I
Jlibrary-IC lnie< national Wateranci Saniiation CentreTel.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax: +31 70 35 899 64
0 5
il Centr
one
timeaat)
of HealthLao PDR
FUNDED BY SWEDISH INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY
UNDP ' Worid Bank Waterand Sanitation ProgramfgM|P - EAP
TRANSMISSION ROUTE FOR DISEASES FROM EXCRETA
CHILD SUFFERING FROM DISEASE DUE TO THE CONTAMINATION FROM UNSAFE DISPOSAL OF EXCRETA
LIBRARY IRC •POBoxJT- ME HAGUE
ao
\\ TWPHA
4a v n o 4
PREVENTION OF EXCRETA RELATED DISEASE
1. u*it£ooiqi£jca)3nii^o©*m)
2.
3.
4.
5. OJLHU*)SB8fio
6. j i
Use latrines for excreta disposal
Wash your hand with soap after using latrines
Wash raw vegitables and fruits with clean water
Use clean water to cook and wash plates and pans
Drink safe water
Wash your hands with soap before eating and cooking
Rural Water SupplyOptions
• Improved TraditionalPractices
• Protected Dug Well• Protected Dug Well with
Handpump• Spring Protection• Borehole Water System -
Tara Handpump• Borehole Water System -
India Mark III• Rain water collection• Gravity Fed Water System
Option 3 Option 4
Spring Protection
5. »BÖuufutcwuoofi^üJJJjauu^
W
15 CUJOIUJUI
1186) 10 0JUO
stnu
infiuai
4
0,8
0,5
1 ao
200
Bore hole system Tara hand pump
Advantages
Corrosion resistanceFast & easy instaflatkmCapacky of drawing water A depth of 15 mLess risk of contaminationUsually ggod water qualityThe water level is less affected by seasonalfluctuationsLittle labor required from community
Disadvantages
• Require drilling equipment• Maintenance of pump is required• Imported spare parts and pump• Requires some technical skill
300 m*J 400
50
Tentative material required
CementGravelSandEngine oil
4 bags0,8 m3
0,5 m3
Hit
Tara Hand PumpBore hole casing pipes ( 0 4'') min. 10 m
Tentative material cost
USD 200 including Tara hand Pump
Drilling cost
USD 300-400
Recurrent cost
USD 50/year
Protected Dug Well With Hand Pump
*
a»0u0nönSnaifi«8iJ«ioüeejSut^ 100 n
40-60cCH
«noncau
tneft} 0 3 f (2 uo)
100
60ttlio
5
3
S088U
• V*\
500 aib 500 on 1000
20 tooi/D
pfotocflon
Advantages
Quick and easy implementättt»)Improvement of traditional sourceRequres little maintenanceSpring water in general are of good qualitySustainableLocally available materials
Disadvantage»
• Might be a maximum distance of up to 500 m betweenvillage and spring
• Sometimes a difficult climb to / from spring• Risk of source getting dry due to deforestation in the
area• Requires some technical skill during construction
Tentative material required
Small spring protection, serving 100 people:Cement 40-60 bagsRebar (08mm) 100 kgBinding wire 5 kgPVC(pipes2") 60 mGravel 5 m"Sand 3 m1
Tentative material coat
USD 500-1000
Recurrent cost
USD 20/year
Improved Traditional Practices
2.
g»mj«io 1
emu (0,5 ua)
tnnnaen
18
3
5
3 So
1 nta
1 0 <u,|
4 -
4
rope
Advantagesi Familiar technology' Simple technology• Sustainable• Replicabte by community itself• Materials and equipment readily available• Does not require imported materials or equipment• Technical skills locally available
Disadvantages
• Difficult in rocky and flooded areas• Risk of contamination in open dug well• Risk of well getting dry in dry season
Tentative material required for 10 m deepand 1 m 0 dog well
Cement 18 bagsSand 3m3
Gravel (1/2") 5 m3
Used oil 3 litRebar ( 0 6mm) 100 kgBinding wire 1 kgPulley (metaU)BucketRope
Locally available material for roof
Tentative material cost
USD 300
Recurrent cost
USD 20 / year
I a-*.
Rain water Collection
8.
weiijoT (50 JUU)
weiijo») (32 uu)
coiSncÄii (10JUU)
«nSntiSu (6 xiu)
12 a.
2nu1 nu
80c£H
100 ni
50)fts
orbu
Donau
6000
1000 mi 6000
nä
S Gravity Fad Water System
Advaniagas
Little maintenance if installed propertyStand posts close to houses
Possibility of extension and upgrade»»SiotumbkCoDVeuwnt
Tentative material required
Small scheme (100 households, 2km pipeline);
Disadvantages
• High initial costs• Water quality may fluctuate if without proper filtration• Risk of pipeline getting damaged during road
construction if not properly maintained• Requires treatment if surface water is utilized as
source• Requires more labor from the community• Requires technical skill
HOPE pipe (SO mm)HOPE pipe (32 mm)CementRebar(lOmm)Rebar (8 mm)Rebar (6mm)SandGravelTaps and fittings
Material cost
USD 6000
2km1 km (approx.)80 bags100 kg100 kg50 kg8m3
12 m3
Depending on size of system the cost will vary betweenUSD 1000-6000
Recurrent cost
USD 210/year
Protected Dug Well
3.
TO:
(0,5 uo)
20 ct>i
3 j
5
unancSiy
SJOOOJO
3 So
15 n t » ,?=i
360
50 oo*) / 9
3 Protected dug well with hand pump
Advantages
• Fully protected• Fully covered and safe for children• During HP break down still can use
Disadvantages
• Maintenance of pump is required• Spare parts and pump have to be imported• Risk of well getting dry in dry season• Required technical skill
Tentative material required
CementSandGravel (1/2")Used oilRebar(06mni)Rebar ( 0 8mm)Binding wire
20 bags3 m3
5 m3
3 lit100 kgIS kgI kg
Hand pump
Tentative material cost
USD 360
Recurrent cost
USD 50 / year
Borehole System India Mark III Hand Pump
7.
t v
, iß1» a»ao£*jainmi3 6
11 cO-i
emu (fiumnoijsewnsio) 1
0,2
ISUJ (3/4 So)
cäfam&u (6 JJJÜ)
aootfo 1 ma
0,5 tttiofieu
5 du
tn, TienaavcJiDn
2,5
0,24 aljonsu
1/3
eJijat* 1 Su
6 aijorieu : 110
te3tf1ue»oij*io 2 tutoneu : 43
7 RAIN WATER COLLECTION
ADVANTAGES •
1234
ADDCnOMAL DRWKMQ WATER SOURCESERVICES AND SUPPORT AVAILABLE LOCALLYREPUCABLS BY COMMUNITYSUITABLE FOR «OLATEO HOUSEHOLDS
DISADVANTAGES
5
67
Bft&OMO PLACE FOR MOSQUITO IF NOTPROPERLY COVEREDN O T SUFFICIENT FOR ALL THE YEARREQUIRE SUITABLE ROOFING TO COLLECTRAMWATER
TENTATIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
01 MftRE REINFORCED CEMENT MORTAR TANK 6 H*CAPACITY:
CementGravd (line grinding)Sand (cause)Gravel (3/4")Gl™ 14Steel ( 0 6mm)CI binding win:Fittings
Traditional tank 2 m1 capacity:CEMEKTS A N D
VWREDUSTY COLOR
TUBETAPCOVERLID
Tentative material cost
Cement tank 6 m' :USD 110Traditional tank 2 mJ:USD 45
RECURREI*TCOST
USD 50/YEAR
11 bagsIm3
0 2 m3
0.5 mJ
9 kg
5 pieces
2 , S B A O S0,24 M1
1.5KO1/3 KO
1 PIECE1 PECE
1 PIECE
Borehole System Tara Hand Pump
L
6. III
40
ucmutnutmu,£$3
emu
fii»omo 4
4
0,8
0,5
10
1 ao
"»OS83J :
300 mi 400 toai
Bore hole system India Marie til Hand pump
Advantages
Capacity ofdrawii% water at depth ui 40 mDurable, oat much raaintenayice roquiredLess rek ofcjjntarainationUaially good water quafityWater level less affected by seasonal fluctuationsLittle labor required from community
Tentative material required
CementGravelSandEngine oil
4 bags0,8 ro3
0,5 m'1 lit
India Mark ID PumpBore hole casing pipes ( 0 4") mm. 10 m
Disadvantages
• In some areas risk of corrosion in pump and iron inwater
• Repair of pump require trained persons and specifictools
• Spare parts and pump have to be imported• Require drilling equipment• Requires some technical skill
Tentative material cost
USD 300 including Hand Pump
Drilling cost
USD 300-400
Recurrent cost
USD 50/year
Gravity Fed System
J ; j ^ ^ ^
V 9 Jage
Sanitation
Option 6
Option 5
Option 7 Option 8
jjszn
ma
(tänen 1)
I -
1 improved traditional practice
Advantages• Improved water quality• Improved hygiene behavior• Affordable
Disadvantages
• Risk of contamination
Tentative material required
Firewood for boilingor
Simple pot-gravel filter
2 clay pots (one with tap)Gravel and sand of different sizes
tentative material cost
Filter: 10-15 USD
l