2.1 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership

8/18/2019 2.1 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership

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CHARISMATIC AND

TRANSFORMATIONAL

LEADERSHIPUNIT 2


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THE MEANINGS OF CHARISMA

Charisma is a Greek word meaningdivinely

inspired gift.

Charisma is a special quality of leaders whosepurposes, powers and extraordinary

determination differentiate them from others.

Charisma is a positive and compelling quality

of a person that makes many others want to be

led by him or her.


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THE EFFECTS OF CHARISMARobert. J. House developed a theory of charismatic

leadership that define charisma in terms of its effects. The

nine charismatic effects are as follows

1. Group members’ trust in the correctness of the leader’s beliefs.

2. Similarity of group members’ beliefs to those of the leader.

3. Unquestioning acceptance of the leader.

4. Affection for the leader.

5. Willing obedience to the leader.

6. Identification with and emulation of the leader.

7. Emotional involvement of the group members or constituents

in the mission.

8. Heightened goals of the group members.

9. Feeling on the part of group members that they will be able to

accomplish, or contribute to, the accomplishment of the

mission.


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HALPERT’ S DIMENSIONS OF

CHARISMA

Referent power Expert power

CHARISMA

Job

involvement


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HALPERT’ S DIMENSIONS OF

CHARISMA

Referent poweris the ability to influence others that

stems from the leader’s desirable traits and characteristics.

Expert poweris the ability to influence others because of

one’s specialized knowledge, skills or abilities.

Job related effects such as emotional involvement,

heightened goals and perceived ability to contribute are

concerned with job involvement.

Job involvement is a key component of satisfaction.


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TYPES OF CHARISMATIC

LEADERS

Socialized charismatic

Personalized charismatic

Office-holder charismatic

Personal charismatic

Divine charismatic


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TYPES OF CHARISMATIC

LEADERS

Socialized charismatic

is a leader who restrains the use of power in order to benefit

others.

Formulates and pursues goals that fulfill the needs of group

members and provide intellectual stimulation to them.

Followers of socialized charismatics are autonomous,

empowered and responsible.

Personalized charismatic

Impose self-serving goals on constituents and they offer

consideration and support group members only when it

facilitates their own goals.

Followers of personalized charismatics are typically

obedient, submissive and dependent.


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TYPES OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

Office-holder charismatic

Is more a property of the office occupied than of his or her

personal characteristics.

By occupying a valuable role, office-holder charismatics

attain high status.

Personal charismatic

Gain very high esteem through the extent to which others

have faith in them as people.

Exerts influence whether he or she has the right traits,

characteristics and behaviors

Divine charismatic

Is someone endowed with a gift of divine grace.

In 1924 Max Weber defined charismatic leader as a mystical,

narcissistic and personally magnetic savior who would arise

to lead people through a crisis.


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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARISMATIC LEADERS

VisionaryMasterful communication skills

Ability to inspire trust

Able to feel group members capable

Energy and action oriented

Emotional expressiveness and warmth

Romanticize risk

Use unconventional strategies

Self-promoting personality

Dramatic and unique


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VISION COMPONENT OF CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP

Vision is the ability to imagine different and better

conditions and ways to achieve them. To create a vision

obtain the following information: Your own intuition about developments in your own field,

the market you serve, demographic trends in your region

and the preferences of your constituents.

The work of futurists as it relates to your type of work.

A group discussion of what it takes to delight the peopleyour group serves.

Annual reports, management books and business

magazines to uncover the type of vision statements

formulated by others.

Group members and friends speak to them individually and

collectively to learn of their hopes and dreams for the future.

For a vision for an organizational unit, you might get some

ideas for matching your unit’s vision with that of the

organization.

VISIONOFLEADING


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VISION OF LEADING

ORGANIZATIONS

Microsoft Corporation:

To give people the power to do anything they want anywhere

they want and on any device, whether it’s on PC or on a web

phone.

Tata Power:

To be the most admired and responsible Integrated Power

Company with international footprint, delivering sustainable

value to all stakeholder.

Bajaj Capital:

To be the most preferred financial planning and investment

advisory company in India by providing consumers with

informed choices of lasting value, create wealth for them to

make their tomorrow better than today.


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THE COMMUNICATION STYLE OF

CHARISMATIC LEADERS

Charismatic and transformational leaders

communicate their visions, goals and directives in a

colorful, imaginative and expressive manner.

The two related aspects of the communication style of

charismatic leaders are

1.Management by Inspiration

2.Management by Anecdote


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1. MANAGEMENT BY INSPIRATION

According to Jay. A. Conger an important way to inspire others is

to articulate a highly emotional message.

Using Metaphors and Analogies

“Women come to us not knowing they can fly. With the help and

encouragement, they find their wings and then they fly very well

indeed.

- Mary Kay

Gearing Language to Different Audiences

Metaphors and analogies are inspiring, but effective leadersmust also choose the level of language to suit the audience.

Conger has observed that an executive’s ability to speak on a

colloquial level helps create appeal.


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2. MANAGEMENT BY ANECDOTE

Management by anecdote is the technique of

inspiring and instructing team members by

telling fascinating stories.The technique is a major contributor to

building a strong company culture.


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CHARISMA

Several behaviors of charismatic people can be

developed through practice and self-discipline.

Create Visions for others

Be Enthusiastic, Optimistic and Energetic

Be Sensibly Persistent

Remember Names of people

Make an Impressive Appearance

Be Candid

Display an In-Your-Face Attitude.


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ATTRIBUTES OF TRANSFORMATIONAL

LEADERS

Charismatic

Vision

Encourage the personal development of

their staff

Supportive Leadership

Empowerment

Innovative thinking

Lead by example


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THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL AND

CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP ON

PERFORMANCE

Business Unit PerformanceThe measure of business unit performance represents the degree

to which the manager reached goals for the year, calculated in

terms of the percentage of goals met.

Charismatic Leader Behavior in Military UnitsFour factors were used to measure charisma

Showing supportive behavior toward soldiers

Displaying exemplary behavior such as showing energy and

activity, courage and self-confidence

Emphasizing ideological convictions including connecting the

unit’s mission and tasks to broad values

Emphasizing collective identity or producing a distinctive

collective identity for the group.


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DARK SIDE OF CHARISMA

Ethical Charismatic

LeaderUses power to serve others

Aligns vision with followers’

needs and aspirations

Considers and learns from

criticism.

Encourages followers to

question leader’s view

Coaches, develops and

supports followers

Relies on internal moral

standards

Unethical Charismatic

LeaderUses power only for personal

gain

Promotes personal vision

Censures critical or opposing

views

Demands own decisions

accepted without question

Insensitive to follower’s needs

Relies on convenient external

moral standards

B u s i n e s s L

e a d e r s h i p

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2.1 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership