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FILM CITY

INTRODUCTION:

REASON FOR SELECTION OF THE TOPIC.

Film City is the ultimate

leisure destination forfilm education, film makings ,holidays, corporate

conferences, events, theme parties, adventure campus, family picnics

and grand weddings. For movie makers, the largest film studio complex in

the world as certified by Guinness World Records provides comprehensive

and advanced film production facilities with dedicated professionalism. Afilmmaker can walk in with a script and walk out with a canned film.

IN THE ERA OF THE COMPUTER, THE EXPECTATIONS OF

GENERATION X GROW TO ULTIMATE LEVELS AS OUR EYES AND

EARS ARE TANTALIZED WITH AN INFINITE ARRAY OF SIGHTS

AND SOUNDS AND POSSIBILITIES OF MORE.

HERE IN INDIA, ONE OF THE OLDEST PREVAILING INDUSTRIES IS

THAT OF THE FILM- CINEMA. ITS LONG AND SUCESSFUL

HISTORY SHOWS US THAT THIS FIELD OF ENTERTAINMENT IS

BOLDLY HEADING INTO THE FUTURE.

THE FILM INDUSTRY IS THE FASTEST GROWINGAND MOST

POPULAR AMONG ALL INDUSTRIES TODAY. INDIA, BEING A

LEADER IN PRODUCTION OF FILMS (GROSSING THE LARGEST

NUMBER OF FILMS PER ANNUM) SHOWS A GREAT INTEREST IN

EXPANDING THE VISUAL ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY AND

BRINGING IT TO INTERNATIONAL LEVELS.

FILMS HAVE COME A LONG WAY FROM BEING MERELY

ENTERTAINMENT, TO EDUCATING AND CREATING AWARENESS.

WHAT BETTER WAY TO STRENGTHEN SO DIVERSE A FIELD

THAN TO COMEMORATE IT WITH ALL ITS ESSENTIALS UNDER

ONE ROOF? IN MY OPINION, A FILM CITY GIVES US ALL THE

RIGHT ANSWERS.

THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA IS A LONG AND

PROSPEROUS ONE AND INDIAN CINEMA HAS BEEN INFLUENCEDMUCH BY IT AS WELL. THOUGH ARCHITECTURE HAS BEEN

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MAINLY INVOLVED AS A BACKGROUND TO FILM IT MUST NOW

ACT AS THE PIVOTAL POINT. THE COMBINATION OF THE DIGITAL

AGE, ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING, AND CINEMA, CAN BE A

SUCESSFULY INTEGRATED INTO A FILM CITY.

A FILM CITY WOULD PROVIDE TOP OF THE LINE FACILITIES AND

SERVICES FOR PRODUCERS ALL UNDER ONE ROOF.

OFFER A UNIQUE FILM MAKING EXPERIENCE THAT ENSURES

EASE IN ALL PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION PROCESSES.

IT WOULD ALSO BE ABLE TO SHOWCASE SOME OF THE

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FILM INDUSTY TO THE LOCAL PEOPLE.

CHENNAI, BEING SOUTH INDIAS LEADER IN FILM PRODUCTION,IS THE IDEAL PLACE TO CREATE A FILM CITY

AIM OF THE ARCHITECT

To create the right setting that would

enable all activities to take place harmoniously, help in self

expression, communication skills creativity.

METHOD OF APPROACHa. General study

Climatic influences

Landscapes

Human response to form and space.

b. Case studies regarding the following factors

Location of site

Site planning

Zoning

Exteriors Interiors

Forms and Spaces

Structure and Construction

Scale

Lighting and ventilation

Colour

The following are taken as Case Studies for film city

a. RAMOJI FLIM CITY-HYDRABAD

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Case Studies for Indian Institutes teaching Film video and

related specifications:

1. FTII SCHOOL OF DIRECTION, CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND

(PUNE),

2. SATHYAJIT RAY FILM INSTITUTE SCHOOL OF DIRECTION,

CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND (KOLKATA),

3. WHISTLING WOODS - SCHOOL OF DIRECTION, CINEMATOGRAPHY,

EDITING & SOUND(MUMBAI),

4. FILM INSTITUTE OF TAMIL NADU - SCHOOL OF DIRECTION,

CINEMATOGRAPHY, EDITING & SOUND(CHENNAI),

Case Studies STUDIOS IN INDIA:

1. A V M STUDIOS - CHENNAI

2. PRASAD STUDIOS - CHENNAI

Case Studies PREVIEW THEATRES AND AUDITORIUMS:

1. KINFRA PREVIEW THEATRE - THIRUVANANTHAPURAM2. IMAGE AUDITORIUM - CHENNAI

3. FOUR FRAMES - CHENNAI

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LITERATURE STUDY

I.FILM MAKING:

1.Recording studio:

o What is Recording studio:

There are two types: one with a 35 mm theatre and the other with a 75

mm theatre. The 70 mm mixing console is to have added sound tracks

and graphic equalizers. The general function of the recording studios is to provide for the

following functions:

1. Straight recording of songs or the background music.

2. Pre or post recording of the orchestra.

3. Re-Recording.

4. Re-viewing and projection.

5. Monitoring and control.

o Basic criteria for designing Recording Studio:

1. The recording hall:

This will have to accommodate, a chorus and sometimes an

audience, There should be provision for selection of certain

instruments for clear recording. There should be screening

facilities for projecting the film for which sound recording has to

be done.

2. Control room:

It should be located such that the engineers and sound

directors within it have complete visual control over the

instrument players and singers. The floor of the control would

be raised above that of the recording hall of this purpose. The

control must be rigidly sound proofed from the studio.

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Often called as the speakers studios with space only for two or

three speakers. An equipment room adjoining the visual room

is required. Here the magnetic taping is done.

3. Size and shape of studio:

The dimension and shape have a district effects on the

acoustic properties of an enclosure. The recording hall has

booths for various instruments and these sections are set off on

either side as small clambers attached to the main recording

hall. The work space should be 2 sq m per performer.

Generally the length and breadth ratios adopted are 3:2, 1:0,

and 1:3.

By setting the walls out of parallel, better acoustics result. Theangle of the walls for such enclosures is up to 10 deg. The

ceiling and floor of the musical studios are set at 5 deg, proper

selection of absorptive materials is essential.

Sound absorptions in recording studios.

By non-symmetrical distribution of absorptive material, by

patches of acoustic material scattered over the wall surface.

By irregularities in the wall surface, convex bumps or other

protrude. Convex surface of their plywood or plaster board are

favoured by acoustical engineer.

The absorptive characteristics of panels depend on their

resonance. Frequencies and hence their effective size, which

means that panels of various size should be used to get

uniform absorption

4. Sound absorption in recording studio:By non-symmetrical distribution of absorptive material, by

patches of acoustic material scattered over the wall surfaces.

By irregularities in the wall surfaces, such as splays, convex

bumps or other proturbances. Convex surfaces of thin plywood or

plaster board or favoured by acoustical engineers. The

absorptive characteristics of panels depend on their resonant.

The requirement:

s. no Components Areas(sqm)

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1. Lobby + waiting + reception 50 sqm

2. V.I.P lounge with washroomfacilities

25 sqm

3. Managers cabin + toilet 25 sqm4. Staff room 25 sqm

5. Recording hall 200 sqm

6. Brass section 25 sqm

7. Wind section 25 sqm

8. Voice room 25 sqm

9. Rhythm room 25 sqm

10. Sound mixer control room 25 sqm

11. Machine room 25 sqm12. Equipment store 25 sqm

13. Projection room 25 sqm

Total area occupied = 525 sqm

The requirements have been standardised for normal 35 mm

or cinemascope theatres and the areas have been given accordingly. All

recording theatres are to be conceived with sound consoles of 24 tracks (at

present only at PRASAD STUDIO, CHENNAI in the whole of Asia)

The 70mm theatre to have a slightly larger area for the main recording

hall.

2.Dubbing theatre:

o What is dubbing:

Dubbing is the re-recording of the voice track and putting in of Music

and special effects.

It is also the transfer of dialogue in the motion picture froe one track

into the other, that is, from one language into another language.

In the conventional sense the term dubbing was used only for the

transfer of dialogue in the motion picture from one track

o Process of dubbing:

Once the entire printing process is done, the director, chief

cinematographer and sound director meet in the Editing department.

The entire movie is seen on the editors moviola. All the not good shots

are then edited and the entire film footage reduced to the 16,000

footage film and a copy of this is carried to the dubbing theatre. Theentire movie is played scene by scene and the artists repeat the

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dialogue a number of times into the microphone and with the final

approval of the sound engineer and the sound director the final

recording is made. As all movies need dubbing the theatres is to be

booked in advance due great demand and usage.

o Basic criteria for designing dubbing theatre:

Acoustics:

Acoustics is the basic consideration for all the recording

theatres.

There should be no boom and reverberation within the

recording hall for efficient sound recording.

The acoustic materials and details are same as recording

theatres.

The mixing console:

Mixing console should be placed in the sound mixer room.

The artists voice tracks are recorded on the mixer.

There are different frequencies for the male and female voice

tracks.

After the dubbing has been completed the two sound tracksalong with other tracks are mixed and the special effects,

background music etc...Are put in.

The artists usually recorded the voice tracks scene by scene

and the original voice track recorded at the time of shooting

is recorded over.

The mixing console holds a number of tracks and the tracks

are taken in various notes and are later mixed by the sound

engineer.

Console with 24 tracks is seen at the Prasad Studio at

Vadapalani, Chennai.

Planning consideration:

The console for the artists to be placed in the recording hall

and the sound mixer directly behind it.

There should be a glass screen separated the two.

The sound engineer holds with him an intercom on the

console by means of which they can communicate. Projector

is placed in control room. The power room is also placed nextto control room for easy excess.

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The requirement:

S.no

Components Area (m2)

1 Recording hall 45 m

2 Sound mixer control room 20m3 Sound transfer machine room 20m

4 Sound library room 20m

5 Managers cabin 20m2

6 Staff room 20m7 Lobby + Reception + Lounge 20m

8 Toilets ( male + female ) 20m2Total area occupied = 185 m

For a film city bare minimum of four theatres for re-recording the voice track,that is dubbing is needed. The theatres are to be grouped along with the

recording studios and a minimum of 10m away from the shooting floors to

avoid noise disturbance.

3.The Shooting floor (or) Studio:

o What is Shooting floor:

The actual area where the filming of the motion picture takes place is

called studio or the shooting floor.

The artists, the director, story writer, cinematographer, sound man and

all other technicians like the light and electrical boys assemble every

day at the studio where the filming occurs. This requires a number of

ancillary services with facilities for make-up wardrobe and the services

like air conditioning and lighting.

o Function:

The set design and preparation: Involves the art director, the set

dressing and property store.

The artists facilities:The make-up rooms, the wardrobe department,the rest rooms, the lounge and dining facilities.

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The actual shooting: The filmingrequires the light and sound control

rooms. The sets and props to be set-up.

The actual storage: Stores for equipment/sets/costumes are needed.

o Circulation :

The sets are prepared in the workshops, painted and then assembledinside the shooting floor. So, the distance from the workshop to the

shooting floor must be as small as possible for easy transportation of

sets. The access from the shooting floor to the workshop should be in

form of a ramp with a minimum width of5m.

There should be a property store for the storage of smaller items. The

items may include all kinds ofcurios, lights, cranes and other things.

Dark rooms for the loading and unloading of cameras is required.

The ancillary facilities like the make-up and dressing rooms are locatedclose to the studio for quick and convenient circulation of the artists.

Quick circulation to and from the dining rooms is also a major

requirement for effective design.

o Basic criteria for studio design:

Planning:

Size of the floors should be large enough to accommodate life-

size settings of multi-storey buildings.

The space should be essentially column free.

The size of the shooting floors usually varies from 1500 m2 to

2000 m2.

Minimum clear space for shooting inside a set is about 4m x 4m

and camera requires 6m shooting distance.

A high ceiling is required for to suspend the lights and varies from

8m to 20m.

There are no room proportions that are universally or

unanimously recommended as optimum. For rectangular studios

the ratios for room proportion shown in the following table aregenerally advocated.

Studio Type Height Width Length

Small. 1 1.25 1.60

Medium. 1 1.50 2.50With relatively low ceiling. 1 2.50 3.20

With unusual length relative to width. 1 1.25 3.20

Acoustics:

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Shooting floor must be sound proofed against all air-borne and

structural borne noises.

The double wall construction is the most practical and walls be

completely separated from each other.

The suspension of an absorptive blanket aids the soundinsulation.

Windows are to be completely avoided and doors are to be

panelled with an effective sound absorbing blanket, double

doors are usually selected with an efficient seal around the edge.

Most efficient insulation for structural borne noises is always

obtained by the use of shooting floors which floats, that is,

floating floor construction, where the floating floor rests on the

structural floor but is separated from it by the resilient support orquilt.

The studios should be free from echoes or any other focussing

effects due to the curvature of the roof. The roof is also

acoustically treated and insulated.

The reverberation time should be ideal for the dialogues as it is

only the speech that is recorded while dubbing which may be

further re-recorded.

Lighting :

There are two basic methods in lighting the studio, namely, catwalk and gantries.

Catwalks are provided at various heights with clamps for lights

and the lights are shifted manually.

Another system of lighting is with gantries which slide along rails.

From the gantries are suspended timber cradles from which the

lighting is hung. The gantries are manually moved with plug point

at every 5m intervals.

The motorised lighting( Latest techniques ): Lighting should be able to be placed at any

point in a semi-hemispherical which implies that

vertical, horizontal and transverse movement of

lights is possible.

All lights are mounted on tubular steel trusses

and have to be connected by movable wheels.

The light director decides on a method of

lighting and the computers are fed with the

information. Thus, using the computer, the light

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may be moved into any position, made dimmer

or brighter as per the requirement.

The floor:

The shooting floor must have large entrance to allow for the

transportation of heavy equipment like cranes as well as trolleyswhich bring in the set construction materials.

The floor may be provided with the hard durable cement

flooring. Studio floors should be designed to bear in addition to

its own weight at least 125 to 150 lbs/s ft.

Painted floors have the advantage of allowing free trolley

movement but they are liable to become dirty all too easily. The

flooring must be perfectly level so that cameras can be dollied

across without wobbling and wavering.

Photography involves heavy equipment and requires tiled

flooring.

The cylindrical or square wood packing with 4m centre to centre

spacing is recommended. This allows for the easy construction of

sets, it should be possible to fix the sets firmly to the floor.

For rain effects the water should be able to be pumped up and

sprayed from nozzle present in a grid format ceiling level and

below the lighting equipment. Therefore, drains should be worked

out at the side of the floor to drain this water. Utility block:

This basically houses the ancillary functions of make-up rooms,

wardrobe dept, the rest rooms, common rooms and toilets. The

overall studio complex is to contain a wardrobe department where

the costumes may be tailored for the individuals.

Toilets are to be provided where ever necessary.

The administrative unit in front is to contain an entrance foyer with

a reception and facilities for telephone and fax services. The unitsfor directors office and VIP lounges also to be provided.

The studio may be rented out to the individual promoters with all

the allied facilities and services.

Services :

Since natural light is impossible either air-conditioning or exhaust

fans must be used. The ventilation problem is very acute in

shooting floors due to the high heat load produced by exhaust

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fans and multitude of lights. All electrical lights generate heat in

addition to the primary purpose of producing light. From the

thumb rule we get that one ton of cooling capacity is required

to remove heat from approximately 3500 w of lighting load.

The most efficient system has to have the inlet air coming at floorlevel with the exhaust fans and ducts mounted above the lighting

network. To remove 1200BTA of Ht.ING load, have to exhaust 40

CFM in air.

The innovative method at Warner Bros, is as follows, A/C only

when the lights are on. There is a trench dub all around the

shooting floor just below GLV1; with 2 pipes connecting the floor

to the central AC plant. During shooting the chill water flows into

one pipe which is drawn through tubes onto a PU unit on wheels,

so outlet at 4m intervals allows for number of package units to be

connected. There is a return hot water pipe leading back to the

central AC plant. After shooting the chilled water may be turned

off.

The central AC plant to be designed considering the whole unit

and the A.H.U to be provided with each studio floor.

The requirement:

S.no

Components Area(m2)

Totalarea(m2)

Types of studio:

Class A = 150m x 100 m x 15 m =

Class B= 50 m x 34 m x 11 m=

15000m2

1700m2

I. Class A Studio:

1. 1. Shooting Floor. = 150m x 100 m x 15 m = 15000m2

2.workshop=(10% of shooting floor) = 1500m2

3.make-up,change room, rehearsal hall and toilets=(2% ofshooting floor)

350m2

4.Art work + animation dept=(1.5% of shooting floor)= 210m2

Total 17060 m

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2. Storage for each individual studio =(10% of shooting floor)=Which includes

Equipment store.

Furniture store.

Costumes store.

1500m2

Total 1500 m

3. Administrative department

Lobby + Reception. 36 m2

Dock in counter. 9 m

VIP lounge 25 m

Control room. 25 m

Staff room + toilets. 16 m

Directors office. 16 m

Producers office. 16 m2

Total 143~150m2

4. Services facilities:AHU / Electrical room 36 m2

Total 36 m

Total built up area of Class A =

18746

m2~

18750 m2

2. Class B Studio:

1. 1. Shooting Floor. = 50m x 43 m x 11 m = 1700 m2

2.workshop=(10% of shooting floor) = 170 m2

3.make-up,change room, rehearsal hall and toilets=(2% ofshooting floor)

35m2

4.Art work + animation dept=(1.5% of shooting floor)= 30

m2Total 1935m

2. Storage for each individual studio =(10% of shooting floor)=Which includes

Equipment store.

Furniture store.

Costumes store.

170 m

Total 170 m

3. Administrative department

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Lobby + Reception. 20 m2

Dock in counter. 9 m

VIP lounge 16 m

Control room. 25 m

Staff room + toilets. 12m

Directors office. 8 m2

Producers office. 8 m2

Total 100 m

4. Services facilities:

AHU / Electrical room 36 m2

Total 36 m

Total built up area of Class A =2241m ~

2250 m2

Kitchen services:(2.5% of Built up area)

The processing laboratory:

o What is processing laboratory:

After days shooting the film is brought to the laboratory for developing

and printing. After the exposed negative passes through the required

process the positive rush print is viewed by the director, chief

cinematographer and the cameraman to satisfy themselves that no

more takes are necessary for that particular scene. All the rush prints

are joined together to give the release print and this first copy of the

completed picture is called the answer print which is again viewed by

the director for correct results. After the sound has been recorded in the

recording studios, the sound and answer print are then synchronised to

give the final married print of which a number of copies are made

depending on the distributors demand.

The flow chart:

The exposed negative registered in at the receiving point.

The name of film, director and footage put into the computer.

The exposed negative sent into the processing hall.

The processed negative analysed by the graders.

The analyser results and colour correction put in the printer. The processed negative printed to give the positive print.

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The print sent in to the inspection chamber for testing.

The density of the emulsion tested.

Testing done side by side in the analytical laboratory.

The positive print sent in to the processing hall.

The developed positive sent for checking into inspection. The footage and colour correction put on dev. positive.

The director views the rush print in the laboratory theatre.

The finished print dispatched to the delivery counter.

The finished print with copies collected by the owner.

The processing laboratory should be located within the studio complex

close to the shooting floors. This is because every day the shots and

scenes completed are taken to the laboratory for the rush print. Once

the rush print has been taken the director views it at the laboratory

theatre to satisfy himself that further takes are necessary. The editing

and recording studios should be also close by.

One major criterion is the location of the mixing room directly over the

processing hall. Next to the mixing hall is located the chemical store and

the chemicals reach the store by the service lift directly from the locking

dock.

A chemist is required on the upper floor who examines and tests the

chemicals before allowing them to be put into the mixing tank. The

chemical mixture is fed directly down into the processing hall for easytransport of chemicals.

4.The editing department:

o What is editing department:

The editing department requires a viewing room, an assembly room,

cutting, joining and a film vault for storage.

The finished release print is usually brought into the editing department.

The good taken are retained and the rest of them are stored in the film

store room. The manager is placed in-charge.

The persons involved:

The chief editor and the assistants.

The cameraman or the chief cinematographer.

The director or assistant director.

o Process:

Each day, the producer, the director and the principal members of the

production team see the rushes in the lab theatre and satisfy

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themselves that no further takes need to be shot of that particular

scene.

The first editing service is to prepare the rushes for projection in a

theatre. The recorded has to match the picture print exactly be in

synchronisation and this work is usually carried out by the filmassembler.

Each shot is carefully numbered according to its position in the story on

both picture and sound track when the scene is shot on stage. This

enables the assembler to join them in sequence. The reels of film so

assembled can then be viewed by the director and editor who decide

which, if any, to discard. When an unwanted scene has been removed

the editor takes over and begins to edit.

When the editing has been done, the edited film is made up in to

appropriate reels, with the cuts joined. Picture and sound are still

separate.

The track consists only dialogue recorded on stage, and the varying

conditions under which this had been done produces unevenness in the

recordings which have to be rectified.

The cutting and splicing stages requires only tables called the cutting

table and which are mounted next to the viewing department. A strong

overhead light is required for the technician working on the cutting and

splicing tables.The film vault is provided for the store of the NG (not good) takes and

for the store of the film brought in temporary basis.

The entire system is computerised to avoid mixing of the cassettes and

any further clashing of dates.

The requirement:

S. no Components Areas -m

1 Lounge (0.6 m /person). 25 m

2 Reception (delivery N receive) 12 m

3 Stock room 10 m

4 AdministrationEditors office 25 m

5 Discussion room (2) 40 m2

6 Staff room 50 m

7 Editing room (number of units differs)10 100 m

8 Cutting room (number of units differs)10 100 m

9 Store (Film + Equipment) 20 m

Total built-up area for editing = 382 m

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5. The DTS Preview theatre:

o What is DTS Preview theatre:

The purpose of DTS preview theatre is of two types,

It is the theatre where mono sound tracks are been converted in

to DTS sound track that is in the form of surround sound format.

The second purpose of a DTS preview theatre is for the

screening of the finished product called the first release print.

The story is convinced, pre-production work done, shooting takes place

and printing, processing, editing and DTS mixing work done; after the

final product is obtained, a preview show is held for all the artists,

technicians, and distributors.

o Basic criteria for DTS Pre-view theatre:

Capacity:

The pre-view show is usually held for the administrative staff, the

producers, distributors, the promoters and various financial

backers. A motion picture now days are never produced by a single

backing authority; but with joint finance of a number of men who

prepared to sink money in to the venture. All these promoters who may

be from within or from outside the film industry have an unsaid authority

to attend the pre-view shows. Their number may vary from 20 to 50.

The artists who actually act in the movies attend the pre-view

shows. The chief artist is allowed any number of passes as either

friends or family while junior artists are allowed a set number. The

number may reach 50.

The technical staffs like the sound engineers, various lighting

consultant and camera men may reach a number of 50. The distributors into whose territories the movies go and the exhibitors

who allow the stills to be shown along with other estimated guests

would be 80.

Thus, the estimated capacity of the pre-view theatre is for 200

persons.

Planning of seating facilities:

The planning of the seating area to satisfy this requirement is based on

satisfactory site lines. The determination of the optimum shape of the

seating area will be the result of the following conditions.

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The horizontal movement of polychromatic vision (no eye

movement) is about 400.

The seating should be within an angle of 900 to the centre of the

screen. The vertical angle beyond which the ability to see

standard shapes diminishes rapidly is 350

(That is the sight line). The length of the last row of seating should be greater than 1.7

times the width of the screen.

The minimum distance of the last row of seats from the screen

should be within two times the width of the screen.

Sight lines:

Providing the correct sight lines is the key factor in the design of

auditoriums.

A correct (00 to 150) slope of the seating called the rake is to be

established.

The average height of a personwhile seating is taken as 38 from

floor.

The minimum height of the eye level of the person seated behind to

the top of the head of the person seated immediately in front should

be 5.

In case of 35 mm the distance of the screen to first row should not be

less than 150. But in case of 70 mm projection the distance from the

screen to the first row of seats should not be less than 250. From the balcony to the angle of vision to the centre of the screen

should not be greater than 100. Also the height difference between

each row of seats in the balcony is 8.

Staggered seating must be followed in seat arrangement.

Straight row seating arrangement and bank type seating arrangement

are uncomfortable for the spectators at the sides. The radial curved

seating arrangement in form of a fan is ideal.

Aisles are not being provided at the centre of the auditorium as the

best seats are located there.

Railing of the height (minimum) 36 is needed at balcony. No

gangway should be less than 40 in width.

Standard door widths are 42, 60, 96 and 114.

Screen details for theatre:

The width of the picture projected on the screen should be about

half, at any rate not less than 4/10th of the maximum viewing

distance.

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For 70mm or cinemascope film projection the maximum width of

the screen should not be more than 20 metres. For 35mm or wide

screen projection the screen width should not exceed 12 m. If the

films are projected to more than these specified widths, the grains

of the film will be visible. The height of the screen is calculated fromthe Aspect ratio (Height: Width).

For 70 mm films = 1 : 2.2

For cinemascope films = 1 : 2.35

For Wide screen films = 1 : 1.75

For cinemascope films = 1 : 1.375

The height of the screen above floor level for films without sub title

is 5(maximum) and for films with sub titles it is 6.

The height of the line of projection above the floor level of theauditorium should not be less than 2.5 m.

Behind the screen a minimum of 6 space is necessary for the

speakers.

Due to the great width of the picture, the distance from the optical

centre for the lens to the edge of the screen is appreciably greater

than the distance from the lens to the screen centre. This causes

either the outer parts of the projected picture being out of focus

when the middle part is in focus or vice versa. To keep the whole

picture in focus it becomes necessary to curve the large screen tokeep its surface reasonably equidistant from the centre of the lens.

The screen curve is a part of the circle drawn by having distance

from the centre of the lens to the middle of the screen as radius.

The size of the screen is determined by the largest type of picture

that will be screened.

To this size 80 230 mm is generally added all around to allow for

fitting eyelets and rucking of fabric when stretched.

Modern screens are of three varieties Matte screen

Beaded screen

Metallised screen (most preferable)

II.FILM SCHOOL:

General:

The norms for space and buildings have been arrived at, based onthe functions, a technical institution offering degree or equivalent

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program, has to perform. In all the cases, unit norms have beenevolved taking the absolute minimum needs, which are indicatedas norms. As such the institutions, while envisaging their spaceand building requirements, must keep their perspectives fordevelopment in mind and formulate their plans accordantly.

Around the administrative building, classrooms and drawing halls

there is considerable movement of students and, therefore, there

must be adequate veranda space in this part of the college building

so that the classes do not get disturbed. For this reason, the ratio

of plinth to carpet area for the normal building may be taken as 1.4,

while that for Workshop type of space this ratio will be 1.25.

Classification of Building Area:

The building area required for a film institution can be classified asinstructional area, administrative area, amenities area andresidential area. Instructional area will include classrooms, tutorialrooms, drawing halls, laboratories, workshops, computer center,library, instructional resource center, seminar hall etc.

Administrative area comprises Principle's room, visitors lounge,staff rooms, college office, departmental offices, stores, conferenceroom, confidential room, etc.

Area for amenities consists of common rooms, recreation center,hobby center, and offices for Gymkhana, N.C.C., N.S.S. and

Alumni Association, Co-operative Stores, Dispensary, etc. Residential area includes student and staff hostels, staff quarters

and guesthouse.

S.no Courses available as per Tamil nadufilm and television institute

No. Ofyears

Intake peryear

Totalstrength

1 Diploma in cinematography. 3years 15students 45

2 Diploma in Film processing. 3 years 15students 45

3 Diploma in Sound recording and Sound

engineering.

3 years 15students 45

4 Diploma in Direction and screen playwriting.

3 years 15students 45

5 Diploma in Film editing. 3 years 15students 45

6 Diploma in Film acting. 1 year 15students 15

7 Diploma in Art direction 2years 15 students 30

8 Diploma in Graphics & Animation 2years 15 students 30

Total 300 students.....

Building space for Administrative office:

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The space to be provided for administrative office in

technical institution/ college will be as per norms given below:

Carpet area Area m .

Principals office. 25 m .Store room. 20 m .Conference hall. 30 m2.

Reception office. 25 m .

Administrative office.1.2 m2 x 120 (intake per year)

108 m2.

Maintenance office. 30 m2.

Building space for respective department:

Room size for theory classes, tutorial work and drawing

halls:

The carpet area requirement of the class rooms

and tutorial rooms depends upon the number and type of seating arrangement

for the students and provisions for a platform, a table and a chair for the

teacher. In an engineering & technology class, very frequently students make

use of a data book, a personal laptop and note book. As such he will require

slightly more spacious desk as compared to the requirements of classes for

students of general education.

Considering the above requirements and the sizes of class room furniture

normally used in the institution, the following carpet area norms per student

are prcised for class rooms of different sizes and drawing halls.

Class rooms for 15 -20 students. 1.3 : 1.5Class rooms for 30 -40 students. 1.2 : 1.4

Class rooms for 60 students. 1.1 : 1.3

Examination hall for 60 students. 2.5 : 2.3

Teacher aids:

Every class room should be provided by an over head projector (OHP). In

addition, VCR, TV and Video cassettes of various educational programmes

should also be available.

Other spaces in the department:

Carpet area Area m .Head of the department. 20 m .

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Department office. 25 m2.

Faculty norms 10 per student

Library (department). 30 m2.Seminar hall. 30 m .

Store. 10 m .

Building space for amenities:

The minimum unavoidable requirements for amenities for

normal functioning of the institute are given below along with the norms for the

building space.

Students activity centre:

This will consist of provisions for the indoor

games, gymnasium, dramatics and alumni centre etc. the norms for

building are 0.25 m2 per student.

Open air theatre:

The norms are 4000m2 with 50 m2 rooms and

aids.

Toilet blocks:

The college building and the hostels will be

provided with adequate number of toilet blocks with urinals, lavatories

and washbasins. It will also be necessary to provide separately one

toilet block for women in the college building. For education building

hostel 10 m2 for each 100 student population 75 m2 for each unit of 120

students.

Cycle and scooter stand:

This will be provided as open or covered area at

the rate of 15% of the plinth area of the college building.

Play field:

The facilities anticipated are athletics-tracks,

cricket field, a foot ball field, a hockey field, a volley ball court, a basket

ball court, four badminton courts and a tennis court.

The norms for above space will be a total of 25,000 m2

.

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Building space for residential area:

The hostel requirements depends on the variety of factors

like the location of the institution, the region from which students are

admitted, local availability of accommodation and that of transport.Though, the requirement for residences for the teachers and other

employees of the institution also depend upon these factors but at the

same time it is necessary to provide an attraction to the new teachers

from far of places by providing suitable accommodation at the campus.

Hostels for students:

Location of college hostel strength within 20 km of a large

city. 25% of boys and 50% of girls enrolment.

Other locations 50% of boys and 100% of girls enrolment.

The first year students will be accommodated in triple

seated rooms while others will be given single seated

rooms.

The norms for the room areas will be as below:

Carpet area Area in m

Single room 9Triple seated room 20

The other building space needed in hostel unit will be

as per norms given below:

Carpet area Area in M

Kitchen and dining hall (0.8 m /student) 145

Indoor games cum Common hall 150

Medical room 50 (for all hostels)

Canteen 15Warden Office 18*

Guest Room (2 nos.) 18*

(* Four addition rooms of 9 m . each within the hostel blocks)Staff Residences:

The minimum residential accommodation that

should exist in the campus should be for the Principal, all Heads of

Departments, all Wardens and the essential staff including a

Caretaker, an electrician, a driver, a water supply operator and

chowkidars.

The building space for residences will be as per norms given below:

Staff Area in M

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Principal 140

Professor 100

Asst. Professor/Lecturer 80

Class III staff 30

Class IV staff 20

Teachers Hostel:

It will be desirable to have a hostel typeaccommodation for 25% strength of the teachers with the norms of 30 m2.Carpet area per teacher inclusive of an attached toiled room.

Guest Houses:

To meet the needs of the guests visiting the institution for

official work and the parents visiting the students it will be necessary

to have a guest house.

SITE-SRIPERUMBUDHUR

A Jeppiar site proposal for film city, Amusement park and knowledge city. A

huge area divided into 3 parts. The film city area is about 215 acres

LOCATION

Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Chennai, the capital of the state of Tamil nadu is situated in the south easternpart of the Indian peninsula. It covers a sprawling area of 174

kms.Geographically it lies between 12*19 and 13*9of the northern latitude

and 80*19of the southern longitude and is on the shores of Bay of Bengal

Chennai-the Gate way of southern India, is the ideal starting point of our

voyage of discovery in Tamil nadu, and other parts of the south.

Sriperumbudur is a panchayat town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian

state of Tamil nadu. Sriperumbudur is strategically placed on Chennai-

Bangalore highway, just about 40kms from the city, the offers all that the

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international giants want their business running in the country. Sriperumbudur

offers all facilities that this company wants.

CLIMATE

Chennai is basically a tropical city. Proximity to the sea brings in the coolbreeze much to relief of the scorched Chennai. Normally Chennai records in a

day 36.5C maximum and 20.8C.Average rainfall is 1215m.

VISITING CHENNAI

The best time to visit Chennai is during April-May and December-February

TOPOGRAPHY

Chennai is a low- lying area and the land surface is almost flat like a pancake.It raises slightly as the distance from the sea-shore increases but the average

elevation of the city is not more than 22 above mean sea-level, while most of

the localities are just at sea-level and drainage in such areas remains a

serious problem.

From very early times, Chennai was known for its pleasant scenery and was

said to be a town open to sky and full of gardens of mangoes, coconuts,

guavas, oranges, etc.

HOW TO REACH

Since Chennai has an excellent network of rail, road, air and water. To reach

is easy. The best way to reach Sriperumbudur is by road. It is located on the

Tambarm -Kancheepuram highway.

SOIL TYPE

The major soil types found in zone can be grouped as Vertic Haplustalf

having soil colour ranging from dark greying, Udic haplustalf having colour

ranging from light yellowish brown to brownish, Vertic ustocherpts with the

colour ranging from light grey to dark, red soil late rite soil, river alluvium and

alluvial soil.

VEGETATION

The vegetation is mostly wild grass, palm trees, planted coconut trees etc.

WIND

Wind velocity is lowest during the months of Oct, Nov. from Oct-Mar.

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Wind blows generally from north easterly and easterly directions. South

westerly and westerly winds predominate from May to September. The skies

are generally clear or lightly clouded from January to middle of April. The

cloudiness increases thereafter and the skies remain generally clouded from

June to December.

REQUIREMENTS

Aim:

The main aim of Film City is to provide ultimate destination for film education,

film makings, holidays recreation, corporate conferences, events, theme

parties, adventure camps, family picnics and grand weddings.

BASIC ZONING OF AREAS:

Open To Public:

Archives ,

Out Door Sets,

Administration/Museum/Photo gallery etc..........

Non-Open To Public (or partially open):

The Film School,

The Film Making,

Housing & Other amenities.

1) FILM SCHOOL:

o Administrative block

Entrance lobby,

Gallery space,

Chair person Room, Directors Room,

Accounts section,

Office,

Conference halls.

o Common facilities

Lobby

Banking Extension

Office Cubicles

Medical Centre(containing pharmacy, Consultation)

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Post Office

Gift Shop

Internet Hub

Super Market

o Students activity centre

Indoor Swimming Pool

Gymnasium, Lockers, Trainers Room

Alumni Office

Meeting Hall

Other Interactive & Informal Spaces

Informal Seating & Plazas

Indoor Games

o Main theatre & Auditoriumo Academic block

Class Rooms

Computer Labs

Seminar Halls

Workshops

Store Room

Library

o Direction department

Teaching & Discussion Halls

HOD Room

Staff Room

Informal Discussion Halls

o Cinematography department

Teaching & Discussion Halls

HOD Room

Staff Room

Shooting Halls

Film Storages

Studios

Make-up Room

Set Design Room

o Film & Processing department

Teaching & Discussion Halls

HOD Room

Staff Room Video Processing Unit

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Processing Lab

o Acting Department

Teaching & Discussion Halls

HOD Room

Staff Room

Acting Classes

Costume & Make-up Room

o Audiography ( Sound Department)

Teaching & Discussion Halls

HOD Room

Staff Room

Sound Engineer Room

Sound Transference Control Room

Electronic Lab

Electrical Room

Equipments Storage

Tape Storage

Re-Recording Theatre

o Editing Department

Teaching & Discussion Halls HOD Room

Staff Room

Video Editing

Film Editing

Video Tape Storage

o Accommodation for Staffs and Students

2) FILM MAKING DEPARTMRNT:

I. Editing Department

a. Lounge (0.6 m2/person).

b. Reception (delivery N receive)

c. Stock room

d. AdministrationEditors office

e. Discussion room

f. Staff room

g. Editing room (number of units differs)

h. Cutting room (number of units differs)

i. Store (Film + Equipment)II. Processing Department

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I.Processing Lab

The processing lab must have the follow:

a. Dark room for loading

b. Printing Roomsc. Row stock Store

d. Negative Store

e. Chemical Store

f. Mixing Tanks

g. Analytical lab

h. Replenishing Tank

i. Air Conditioning

j. Water Chilling Tanks

III. Dubbing theatre

a. Recording hall

b. Sound mixer control room

c. Sound transfer machine room

d. Sound library room

e. Managers cabin

f. Staff room

g. Lobby + Reception + Lounge

IV. Recording studioa. Lobby + waiting + receptionb. V.I.P lounge with washroom facilitiesc. Managers cabin + toiletd. Staff roome. Recording hallf. Brass sectiong. Wind section

h. Voice roomi. Rhythm room

j. Sound mixer control room

k. Machine rooml. Equipment storem. Projection roomn. Rewind room

V. Shooting floor or studio:

a. Shooting halls

b. workshop

c. make-up, change room, rehearsal hall and toilets

d. Art work + animation dept

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e. Storage

f. Administrative department

g. Services facilities

h. Kitchen services

VI. DTS Preview theatre:

3). Recreation facilities:

1. Holidays facilities:

Hotels:

Budget rooms

Mid prize rooms

Luxury suites Honeymoon suites

Corporate suite

2. Wedding facilities:

Banquet -of both open and closed type (Theme banquet)

3. Corporate facilities: (trade shows, meetings and conferences, to product

launches, dealer meets, training programs, workshops and corporate parties.)

Conference hallsdifferent capacities(Theme halls)

Convention hallsdifferent capacities(Theme halls)

4.Merchandising facilities:

Resin Products

General Products

Decorative & fancy Products

Apparels

Impulsive Products

5.Other amenities:

Film City - The land of movies, entertainment and magic, it has everythingthat dreams are made of. Offering unlimited fun, thrill and excitement, its agreat visual extravaganza.Experience and get enthralled by its exquisite and lavish gardens, spellbinding movie sets, spectacular attractions, enchanting entertainment shows,food, shopping, unmatched hospitality,

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Unmatched hospitality, and of course the glitz and glamour of the silver screen- The ultimate holiday destination for the entire family.

Gardens & Fountains

Fun & Play Areas

Sets Areas

Entertainment Shows

Food Courts

#Gardens & Fountains:

Film City is exquisitely landscaped with numerous breathtakingly beautiful

gardens, shimming with exotic flora. Every garden is sure to leave you spell-

bound. The majestic lush green tracts and the colourful magnificence of these

gardens will usher you to a special realm, far away from all distractions. Every

minute spent here is rejuvenating and soothing.

Beautiful gardens are complemented with exotic fountains that are simply a

treat to watch and experience.

#Fun & Play Areas:

Fun and play is provided with exciting rides especially for children,incredible

variety of fun attractions that'll bring a smile to every face in your family, big

and little folks alike.

# Sets Areas:

A blend of landscapes and cityscapes ranging from the pastoral to the

metropolitan, wild shrubbery to beautiful manicured lawns, rivulets, fountains,

palaces, shopping plazas, an airport terminal, railway station, police outpost,

churches, mosques, temples, chateaus, rural complexes, urban dwellings,

gateways and much more.

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#Entertainment Shows:Non-stop entertainment at every run! To keep the

fun going we have for you some of the most exciting entertainment shows.

#Food Courts:

Take a break from the action and enjoy tasty foods and beverages designed

to appeal kids and families alike. Specialized theme-based restaurants and

food courts offer outstanding cuisine and a dining experience to remember,

there's something for everyone.

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