1
Using glacier climate proxies to model the Younger –ryas climate in "urope Ramón Vellitero [ A /ostein Kakke ] A Vhillip “ughes . A Susan ”vybQchs ( A Sven Xukas 9 A Krice Rea [ A “ans Renssen ) A Zdriano Ribolini C A üatteo Spagnolo [ Zbstract and theoretical background Selected References üethodology [[] Z7 Qhmura et al7 4[88]L7 zlimate at the equilibrium line of glaciers7 JournalTofTGlaciologyA .q 4[.fL0 .8Cb([[7 []] R7/7 Kraithwaite 4]ffqL7 Temperature and precipitation climate at the equilibriumbline altitude of glaciers expressed by the degreebday factor for melting snow7 JournalTofTGlaciologyA 9( 4[q)L0 (.Cb(((7 [.] S7 zarr et al7 4]f[fL7 jlacier reconstruction and massbbalance modelling as a geomorphic and palaeoclimatic tool7 EarthTSurfaceTProcessesTandTLandformsA .90 [[f.b[[[97 [(] –7”7 Kenn - ö7R7/7 “ulton 4]f[fL7 Zn "xcel 4TüL spreadsheet program for reconstructing the surface profile of former mountain glaciers and ice caps7 ComputersT3TGeosciencesA .) 49L0 )f9b)[f7 [9] Z7 Fern - V7 Xaszlo 4]f[fL7 Size specific steadybstate accumulationbarea ratio0 an improvement for equilibriumbline estimation of small palaeoglaciers7 QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA ]80 ]Cq[b]CqC7 [)] K7 R7 Rea 4]ff8L7 –efining modern day areabaltitude balance ratios 4ZZKRsL and their use in glacierbclimate reconstructions7 QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA ]q4.–(L0 ].C–](q7 [C] QsmastonA “7 4]ff9L7 "stimates of glacier equilibrium line altitudes by the ZreaZltitudeA the ZreaZltitude Kalance Ratio and the ZreaZltitude Kalance ”ndex methods and their validation7 QuaternaryT internationalA[.qb[.80 ]]b.[7 [q] S7 ”vybQchs et al7 4]ff)L7 jlacier response in the "uropean Zlps to “einrich "vent [ cooling0 the jschnitz stadial7 JournalTofTQuaternaryTScienceA ][ 4]L0 [[9b[.f7 [8] V7–7 “ughes et al7 4]f[.L7 Timing of glaciation during the last glacial cycle0 "valuating the concept of a global 3Xast jlacial üaximum3 4XjüL7 EarthTScienceTReview7 ”n press7 [[f] R7 Vallás et al7 4]ff)L7 Xate Vleistocene and “olocene glaciation in the Vyrenees0 a critical review and new evidence from [fKe exposure agesA southbcentral Vyrenees7 QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA ]90 ]8.Cb]8).7 This project is funded by0 "xpected outputs The cold event known as the Younger Dryas 4[]8ff b [[Cff yr KVL was characterized by a sudden interruption of the öorth Ztlantic Qverturning zirculationA which forced a rapid climatic deterioration across the ö7 “emisphere7 –espite its significance as a “recent” example of rapid climate change and the end of the last glaciationA and impacts potentially as diverse as promoting a shift to agriculture and larger social groupingsA there is still little understanding on the synchronicityA speed and regional variability of changeA especially across "urope7 This project is intended to better constrain theYounger –ryas palaeoclimate in "uropeA using palaeoglaciers and established glacierbclimate relationships7 The project will examine all published Y– palaeoglacier geometries across "uropeA and will rebcalculate their "XZs according to a standardized procedure as well as rebcalibrate the chronologies according to common criteria 4e7g7 same production rate for cosmogenic datesL7 This will provide a temporallybconstrained dataset of the palaeobtemperature and precipitationA which will be used to develop a comprehensive Y– climatic model for "urope7 The equilibrium line marks the position whereA over a period of one yearA accumulation is exactly balanced by ablation7 There is therefore a very close connection between the "XZ and local climateA particularly solid precipitation and summer air temperatures [[]7 The project brings together glaciologistsA geochronologists and palaeoclimatologists from different institutions across "urope7 Z key component of this project is the geographical coverage required to identify differences in timing of maximaA doubleMtriple Y– moraine systemsA at sites across "urope7 ”n this respectA particularly relevant is the definition of the effects of the Volar áront variability across northbsouth and eastbwest transects7 Study areas [7 Valaeoglaciology to palaeoclimatology7 Source0 Xoplaki et al7 ]f[]7 3The climate of the üediterranean Region37 Qutputs will include0 b Z series of scriptsA running in Zrcj”SA for automatic "XZ and palaeoclimatology calculation based on glacial geometries7 b Z large database on Y– palaeoglaciers that covers most of the "uropean mountain ranges7 This database will have information on geometriesA sites specific informationA chronologyMdating control and palaeobclimatic reconstructions7 b Z series of j”S products 4e7g7 mapsA shapefilesL0 bb jlacier geometryA hypsometry and "XZs for the chosen sites7 bb Regional reconstructions of palaeotemperatures and glacierb derived palaeobprecipitation7 bb Xocation and dynamics of the Volar áront and air masses across "urope7 b Z website where all these data will be available for download7 [7 –epartment of jeography and "nvironment7 University of Zberdeen7 ]7 –epartment of "arth Science7 University of KergenA öorway7 .7 jeographyA School of "nvironment and –evelopment7 University of üanchester7 (7 ”nsitut für TeilchenphysikA "T“b“öggerbergA ZürichA Switzerland7 97 –epartment of jeography7 Queen üary University of Xondon7 )7 –epartment of "arth SciencesA áaculty of "arth and Xife SciencesA VU University ZmsterdamA öetherlands7 C7 –epartment of "arth Sciences7 University of VisaA ”taly7 Source0 []]Kraithwaite 4]ffqL Temperature at the equilibriumbline altitude of glaciers expressed by the degreebday factor for melting snow7 Source0 LeverhulmeTTrustTNewsletter,TJanuaryT2013. .7 Valaeoclimatic modelling7 12,900T 11,700T Calibrate existing model outputs New transient experiments Climatic change scenarios and leaded by0 ]7 jeochronologies revisited7 Methods assessment: Cosmogenics [q]0 b Vroduction rates [8]7 b "rosion rates7 b Snow cover7 b zorrect boulder choice7 b Sampling procedure7 b “igh error rate7 b zosmogenic element7 OSL0 b Sample reliability7 b üorphostratigraphic history7 14 C [[f]0 b zalibration7 b “ard water effect7 b zontamination7 Internal consistency within methods Coherent chronologies

2222222ounger2–222ope · 2222222ounger2–222"ope Ramón2Vo [A2/2K]A2V2“.A22”bQ (A22X 9A2K2 [A2“2)A2Z2ni CA2ü2olo [2 Z222nd Selected2s ülogy [2Z72Q22724[88]L72z222brium22272JournTTyA2

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Page 1: 2222222ounger2–222ope · 2222222ounger2–222"ope Ramón2Vo [A2/2K]A2V2“.A22”bQ (A22X 9A2K2 [A2“2)A2Z2ni CA2ü2olo [2 Z222nd Selected2s ülogy [2Z72Q22724[88]L72z222brium22272JournTTyA2

Using2glacier2climate2proxies2to2model2the2Younger2–ryas2climate2in2"uropeRamón2Vellitero[A2/ostein2Kakke]A2Vhillip2“ughes.A2Susan2”vybQchs(A2Sven2Xukas9A2Krice2Rea[A2“ans2Renssen)A2Zdriano2RiboliniCA2üatteo2Spagnolo[2

Zbstract2and2theoretical2background

Selected2References

üethodology

[[]2Z72Qhmura2et2al724[88]L72zlimate2at2the2equilibrium2line2of2glaciers72JournalTofTGlaciologyA2.q24[.fL02.8Cb([[7[]]2 R7/72 Kraithwaite2 4]ffqL72 Temperature2 and2 precipitation2 climate2 at2 the2 equilibriumbline2 altitude2 2 of2 glaciers2expressed2by2the2degreebday2factor2for2melting2snow72JournalTofTGlaciologyA29(24[q)L022(.Cb(((7[.]2 S72 zarr2 et2 al72 4]f[fL72 jlacier2 reconstruction2 and2 massbbalance2 modelling2 as2 a2 geomorphic2 and2palaeoclimatic2tool72EarthTSurfaceTProcessesTandTLandformsA2.902[[f.b[[[97[(]2–7”72Kenn2-2ö7R7/72“ulton24]f[fL72Zn2"xcel24TüL2spreadsheet2program2for2reconstructing2the2surface2profile2of2former2mountain2glaciers2and2ice2caps72ComputersT3TGeosciencesA2.)249L02)f9b)[f7[9]2 Z72 Fern2 -2 V72 Xaszlo2 4]f[fL72 Size2 specific2 steadybstate2 accumulationbarea2 ratio02 an2 improvement2 for2equilibriumbline2estimation2of2small2palaeoglaciers72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]802]Cq[b]CqC7[)]2K72R72Rea24]ff8L72–efining2modern2day2areabaltitude2balance2ratios24ZZKRsL2and2their2use2in2glacierbclimate2reconstructions72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]q4.–(L02].C–](q7[C]2 QsmastonA2 “72 4]ff9L72 "stimates2 of2 glacier2 equilibrium2 line2 altitudes2 by2 the2 ZreaZltitudeA2 the2 ZreaZltitude2Kalance2 Ratio2 and2 the2 ZreaZltitude2 Kalance2 ”ndex2 methods2 and2 their2 validation72 QuaternaryT

internationalA[.qb[.802]]b.[7[q]2S72”vybQchs2et2al724]ff)L722jlacier2response2in2the2"uropean2Zlps2to2“einrich2"vent2[2cooling02the2jschnitz2stadial72JournalTofTQuaternaryTScienceA2][24]L02[[9b[.f7[8]2 V7–72 “ughes2 et2 al72 4]f[.L72 Timing2 of2 glaciation2 during2 the2 last2 glacial2 cycle02 "valuating2 the2 concept2 of2 a2global23Xast2jlacial2üaximum324XjüL72EarthTScienceTReview72”n2press72[[f]2R72Vallás2et2al724]ff)L72Xate2Vleistocene2and2“olocene2glaciation2in2the2Vyrenees02a2critical2review2and2new2evidence2from2[fKe2exposure2agesA2southbcentral2Vyrenees72QuaternaryTScienceTReviewsA2]902]8.Cb]8).7222

This2project2is2funded2by02

"xpected2outputsThe2cold2event2known2as2the2Younger4Dryas24[]8ff2b2[[Cff2yr2KVL2was2characterized2by2a2sudden2interruption2of2the2öorth2Ztlantic2Qverturning2zirculationA2which2 forced2a2 rapid2climatic2deterioration2across2 the2ö72“emisphere72–espite2 its2 significance2 as2 a2 “recent”2 example2 of2 rapid2 climate2 change2 and2 the2 end2 of2 the2 last2 glaciationA2 and2impacts2 potentially2 as2 diverse2 as2 promoting2 a2 shift2 to2 agriculture2 and2 larger2 social2 groupingsA2 there2 is2 still2 little2understanding2on2the2synchronicityA2speed2and2regional2variability2of2changeA2especially2across2"urope72This2project2 is2 intended2to2better2constrain2 theYounger2–ryas2palaeoclimate2 in2"uropeA2using2palaeoglaciers2and2established2 glacierbclimate2 relationships72 The2 project2 will2 examine2 all2 published2 Y–2 palaeoglacier2 geometries2across2"uropeA2and2will2rebcalculate2their2"XZs2according2to2a2standardized2procedure2as2well2as2rebcalibrate2the2chronologies22according2to2common2criteria24e7g72same2production2rate2for2cosmogenic2datesL72This2will2provide2a2temporallybconstrained2 dataset2 of2 the2 palaeobtemperature2 and2 precipitationA2 which2 will2 be2 used2 to2 develop2 a2comprehensive2Y–2climatic2model2for2"urope722

The2 equilibrium2 line2 marks2 the2 position2 whereA2 over2 a2 period2 of2 one2 yearA2 accumulation2 is2 exactly2 balanced2 by2ablation72 There2 is2 therefore2 a2 very2 close2 connection2 between2 the2 "XZ2 and2 local2 climateA2 particularly2 solid2precipitation2and2summer2air2temperatures2[[]7

The2 project2 brings2 together2 glaciologistsA2 geochronologists2 and2 palaeoclimatologists2 from2 different2 institutions2across2"urope72Z2 key2 component2of2 this2project2 is2 the2geographical2 coverage2 required2 to2 identify2 differences2 in2timing2of2maximaA2doubleMtriple2Y–2moraine2systemsA2at2sites2across2"urope72”n2this2respectA2particularly2relevant2is2the2definition2of2the2effects2of2the2Volar2áront2variability2across2northbsouth2and2eastbwest2transects72

Study2areas

[72Valaeoglaciology2to2palaeoclimatology7

Source02Xoplaki2et2al72]f[]7223The2climate2of2the2üediterranean2Region37

Qutputs2will2include0

b2 Z2 series2 of2 scriptsA2 running2 in2 Zrcj”SA2 for2 automatic2 "XZ2 and2palaeoclimatology2calculation2based2on2glacial2geometries7

b2Z2 large2database2on2Y–2palaeoglaciers2 that2covers2most2of2 the2"uropean2 mountain2 ranges72 This2 database2 will2 have2 information2on2geometriesA2sites2specific2informationA2chronologyMdating2control2and2palaeobclimatic2reconstructions72

b2Z2series2of2j”S2products24e7g72mapsA2shapefilesL0

bb2jlacier2geometryA2hypsometry2and2"XZs2for2the2chosen2sites7bb2 Regional2 reconstructions2 of2 palaeotemperatures2 and2 glacierbderived2palaeobprecipitation72bb2Xocation2and2dynamics2of2the2Volar2áront2and2air2masses2across22"urope7

b2Z2website2where2all2these2data2will2be2available2for2download722

[72–epartment2of2jeography2and2"nvironment72University2of2Zberdeen72]72–epartment2of2"arth2Science72University2of2KergenA2öorway7.72jeographyA2School2of2"nvironment2and2–evelopment72University2of2üanchester72(72”nsitut2für2TeilchenphysikA2"T“b“öggerbergA2ZürichA2Switzerland7972–epartment2of2jeography72Queen2üary2University2of2Xondon7)72–epartment2of2"arth2SciencesA2áaculty2of2"arth2and2Xife2SciencesA2VU2University2ZmsterdamA2öetherlands7C72–epartment2of2"arth2Sciences72University2of2VisaA2”taly7

Source02[]]Kraithwaite24]ffqL2Temperature2at2the2equilibriumbline2altitude2of2glaciers2expressed2by2the2degreebday2factor2for2melting2snow7

Source02LeverhulmeTTrustTNewsletter,TJanuaryT2013.

.72Valaeoclimatic2modelling7

12,900T 11,700T

Calibrate4existing4model4outputs

New4transient4experiments

Climatic4change4scenarios

and2leaded2by0

]72jeochronologies2revisited7

Methods4assessment:

Cosmogenics2[q]0b2Vroduction2rates2[8]7b2"rosion2rates7b2Snow2cover7b2zorrect2boulder2choice7b2Sampling2procedure7b2“igh2error2rate7b2zosmogenic2element7

OSL0b2Sample2reliability7b2üorphostratigraphic2history7

14C4[[f]0b2zalibration7b2“ard2water2effect7b2zontamination7

Internal4consistency4

within4methods

Coherent44chronologies