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Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Directional Drilling ToolsDRILLING TOOLS
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Objectives
To review all the Drilling tools.Discuss briefly how each tool works.Discuss the relative merits of each tool.
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Drill pipe
GradeD55, E75, X95G105, S135, S165
ClassClass 1Premium ClassClass 2
Tooljoint
RangeRange 1 (18-22ft)Range 2 (27-30ft)Range 3 (38-45ft)
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Drill Collars
RoundSpiral (care with the stiffness)SquareHandling
Slip recessElevator recess
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Subs and X-Overs
Cross over without OD changeCross over with OD changeSaver subs for special connections
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Stabilizers - integral
Single steel forgingBlades hard faced tungsten insertsOpen wrap (270o wrap)Full wrap (360o wrap)Straight bladedBlade profile
ParallelMelon
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Stabilizers - sleeve
2 piece constructionMandrelSleeve
Can back-off downhole when drilling in shock environment
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VGS
2, 3 and 10 position 2-D steerable toolsRun at nearbitRun as control stabilizerRun above or below drilling motor
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HWDP
Steel; DC material not drillpipe!Non-magDrillpipe handlingStandard has 1 upsetSpiral is a turned drill collar
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Enhanced Drillpipe
DrillpipeUpsets have mini stabiliser profile to stir cuttings beds
HandlingSame as regular drillpipe
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Roller Reamer
Roller reamerUnsealed bearingsSealed bearingsDifferent cutting structuresRoller pins are retained in body by blocks/ pinsLimited run hours
http://www.redbackdrillingtools.com
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Jars and accelerators
JarNeed to know or predict the actual sticking place and mechanism to get effective jarringNever run at the neutral pointNever run a flexible component near to this
MechanicalHydraulicHydro-mechanical
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Jars and accelerators
AcceleratorRemoves the spring dampening of the drillstringAllows the drill collars to give a faster impactSaves drillstring from damage
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Bumper Sub
Bumper SubOld technology to drill in rough seas without a compensatorCan be used to give a very even WOB as a DD tool
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Thruster
ThrusterExpensive bumper subLimited stroke lengthBut has a stroke position indicator which the simple bumper sub does not have
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Vibration Isolation Sub New
Spiral threaded tool with rubber between the threads.
ApplicationsDamping drill strings to improve bit performanceElectrical isolation of BHA componentsProtecting MWD tools from high-frequency vibrations (particularly for those tools having collar-mounted electronics)Isolating acoustic tools to prevent echoes from corrupting measurementsControlling drill string critical frequencies
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
Agitators
Like a ½ lobe motor but without a drive shaftSets up lateral vibrations to help overcome friction lockPlacing such tools depends on good sideloading analysis of BHA
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TORKBUSTER
United Diamond LtdAimed to eliminate stick slipApplies a high frequency torsional impact to the bitApplies multiple hits (1600 hits per minute)Keyed bit sub
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Torque Transmission Tool
National Oilwell Downhole Tools – Canada
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Hole openers
Difficult to useSee BHA recommendationsRun with bullnose and stabs to make sure unplanned sidetrack is prevented
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Hole openers
Special rough condition toolField replaceable parts
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Ream While Drilling
Can be run anywhere above a drilling assemblyRun above RSS needing full gauge contact with wellbore to work
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Under-reamer
Opens hole below smaller casings or where there are ID restrictionsHydraulic activatedCan confirm open by pulling up againstthe casing shoe
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DBS NBR
DBS URS
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DOG Sub
DRILLING ON GAUGE SUB
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PDM
Straight motorPerformance drillingRun with bent sub for high bit deflectionShould not rotate with bent sub
Steerable motor3 point contact theorySmall bit deflectionRotation possible dependant on angle set
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Misc Subs
UBHOHas an internal sleeve retained by grub screwsSleeve has a keyway to allow survey instruments to seat and be aligned to toolface
Bent SubHas the pin machined with an angular offset ½ - 2 ½ degreesUBHO run above needs to be aligned to the resultant toolface
ADOSAllows ADN logging on lowside of hole for GST
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Misc subs continued
Circ SubDrop a dart or a ball open a circ port to the annulus.
PBL SubMultiple activating circ sub. Opened by Vinyl Ball, closed by steel ball. Instructions on PBF file.
TIW ValveTexas Iron Works Valve, manual surface shut off valve.
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Misc subs contd
Dart subInternal BOP activated by dropping a dart.They prevent upward flow from the well, while allowing downward mud flow or pumping from injectors.Features include high flow capacity, long life and pressure ratings to 10,000 psi.
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Turbines
Stacks of vaned stators and rotorsVery high speed ~ 900rpmNew technology is to gear the speed down and increase the torqueVery high Stand pipe pressureneeded with flow rates needed forhole cleaning
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Turbines
New technology is to gear the speed down and increase the torque2 modes:
High torque same pressure requirementsNormal torque less pressure.
Turbine Side - 850 RPMBit Side - 225 RPM
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RSS - BHI
4.0m (13.2ft)
Inclination
0.9m (3.0ft)
Resistivity
11.2m (36.8ft)
5.6m (18.4ft)
5.4m (17.7 ft)
Vibration
Gamma ray
5.0m (16.4ft)
6.6m (21.7ft)
AutoTrakPush the bit systemRequires wellbore contact
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RSS - Halliburton
GeoPilotPoint the bit systemRequires wellbore contactNon-rotating external component
•At-Bit Inclination 3 ft w/ azimuthal gamma ray
•Outer housing rotates slowly
•Anti-rotation wheels limit rotation
•Maximum DLS reduced with redesign
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Flex joint
A ‘gilligan’ approach to steerable systemsRun with RSSRun with PDM
Looks like a short HWDPWorks by separating the angular deflections of the BHA from the steerable part of the drilling assembly
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End of module