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Group Members:Nabeel Hussain Syed Owais Ali Present to;
Respected Sir Manoj Kumar (SP07-BB-0006) (SP07-BB-0135)
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Presentation Topic
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Agenda Definitions Expert System Concept Expert System
Components Expert System Tasks Expert System Domain Expert System
Characteristics Advantages of Expert Systems History and Examples
Summary
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Knowledge-based SystemsA knowledge-based system is a program
whose performance depends more on the explicit presence of a large
body of knowledge than on the possession of ingenious computational
procedures.An Expert System is a KBS whose performance is intended
to rival that of human experts. I.e., an expert system achieves
expert level performance, while being highly domain specific.
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How ES differ form other AI Subject matter of realistic
complexity that
normally requires a considerable amount of human expertise. High
performance interms of speed and reliability is needed. Must be
capable of explaining and justifying solutions or
recommendations.
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Expert System DefinitionAn expert system is a computer program
that represents and reasons with knowledge of some specialist
subject with a view to solving problems or giving advice.Possess
knowledge Specific domain Solving problem or giving advice
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Expert System componentsUser interface Explanation facility-
explains reasoning of thesystem to a user
Knowledge Base production memory (rules) Working memory- global
database of facts Inference engine Agenda- prioritized list of
rules satisfied by facts Knowledge acquisition facility
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Expert System Tasks The interpretation of data Diagnosis of
malfunctions Structural analysis of complex objects Configuration
of complex objects Planning sequences of actions
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Engineering MotivationsFaster Reliable Cheaper Institutionalized
memoryE.g., HP micro-fabrication system
Less training
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Expert Systems Domains Medical and health applications
Agricultural, Livestock, and food issues
and needs Energy Options Natural Resource Exploitation Space
Technology
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Expert System Characteristics Simulates human reasoning about
a
problem domain Performs reasoning over representations of human
knowledge. Solves problems by heuristic or approximate methods.
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Advantages of Expert systemsIncreased availability Reduced cost
Reduced danger Permanence Multiple expertiseIncreased reliability
Explanation Fast response; steady, unemotional complete response at
all times; Intelligent tutor, Intelligent database
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Early Expert SystemDENDRAL (68, Feigenbaum,Buchanan, Letter
berg)first expert system analyzed NMR mass spectrogram data to
determine the geometric arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is
(was?) in routine use by chemists, and has contributed to refereed
journal publications.
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Different Expert SystemsAgricultural Expert systemsRice-Crop
DoctorNational Institute of Agricultural Extension Management
(MANAGE) has developed an expert system to diagnose pests and
diseases for rice crop and suggest preventive/curative measures.
The rice crop doctor illustrates the use of expert-systems.
Farm Advisory SystemPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana,
has developed the Farm Advisory Systemto support agri-business
management. The conversation between the system and the user is
arranged in such a way that the system asks all the questions from
user one by one which it needs to give recommendations on the topic
of farm Management.
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Different Expert SystemsMedical Expert SystemHELPThe HELP
(Health Evaluation through Logical Processes) System is a complete
knowledge based hospital information system. It supports not only
the routine application of an HIS including ADT, order entry/charge
capture, pharmacy, radiology,nursing documentation, ICU monitoring,
but also supports a robust decision suppo
rt function. The HELP system is an example of this type of
knowledge-based hospital information system.
PEIRS
(Pathology Expert Interpretative Reporting System) appends
interpretative comments to chemical pathology reports (Edwards et
al., 1993). The knowledge acquisition strategy is the Ripple Down
Rules method, which has allowed a pathologist tobuild over 2300
rules without knowledge engineering or programming support.. PEIRS
commented on about 100 reports/day. Domains covered include thyroid
functiontests, arterial blood gases, glucose tolerance tests, hCG,
catecholamine and a range of other hormones.
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SummaryExpert Systems solved practical problems with
applications of logic based Techniques. However, handling certainty
was generally given short shrift. There were successes in many
areas. Expert System help to make the work easier than
everbefore.
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