2.3 Eukaryotic CellsAnimal cell Plant Cell

The diagram should show ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), lysosome, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Annotate the diagram from with the functions of each named structure

Draw and label a diagram of the ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an animal cell.

Electron micrographs of liver cellCytoplasm

Golgi apparatus

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Nucleoplasm

Mitochondrion

Electron micrographs of a plant cell

Cell Wall

Cell vacuole

Plasma membrane

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Nucleoplasm

Chloroplast

Function(s) of cell Organelles

ribosomes – protein synthesisrough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) –

synthesis of proteins to be secretedlysosome – holds digestive enzymesGolgi apparatus – for processing of proteins mitochondrion – for aerobic respirationnucleus – holds the chromosomes

Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell DNA in cytoplasm / nucleoid / no nucleus

DNA in nucleus / nucleus present

naked DNA protein associated with DNA circular DNA linear chromosomes/DNA molecules no mitochondria Mitochondria present

70S ribosomes present 80S ribosomes present

no membrane bound organelles

internal membranes form organelles

pili present pili absent plasmids sometimes present

plasmids absent

cell wall present cell wall only present in plants/fungi

flagella solid flagella flexible/membrane-bound

Differences between plant and animal cells

Carbohydrates stored as starch.

Carbohydrates stored as glycogen.

Stores large amounts of liquid (juice). Larger size of cell.

Central Vacuole

XDoes not store large amounts of liquid. Smaller size of cell.

Rigid, cannot easily change shape.

Cell WallXFlexible, can easily change shape.

Can produce its own food.

ChloroplastXCannot produce its own food

Plant CellsStructureAnimal Cells

Storage of carbohydrates

Roles of extracellular componentsPlant cell wall Animal extracellular

matrix composition: cellulose

microfibrils Functions:provides physical

protection prevents excessive water

uptake precluding bursting in hypotonic environment

produces turgor pressure which holds whole plant up against the force of gravity

Maintains the shape of the cell

animal cells secrete glycoprotein that form the extracellular matrix

Functions: Support – bone and

cartilage cells are embedded in the matrix

adhesion between cells - skin cells sit on a sheet of proteoglycan (protein + polysaccharide )

cellular movement