232-237, 238-242: Development of infrastructure (rail, canal/roads). Development of early industry

1830’s-40’s:

“WHIG PARTY”Attempts toModernize NC.

How?

WOOD-POWER-ED

Whigs financed trains with government $

Connected NC to rest of the…

Good for tradeWilmington and Weldon Railroad

AND Raleigh and Gaston Line

By 1850’s, lines ran from Wilmingtonto Asheville.

Farmers could ship crops

At this time, CASWELL became the richest county in NC. 1830s-60

Also: a cheaper but less long termalternative.

Mainly down East

Whigs also promoted…

Textile mills and mines. For power, some mines used

.

Steam engines

Cotton productionboosted slavery.

Eli Whitney’sCotton gin boostedCotton production

equals

“Lifeline of the Confederacy”

Ships broughtsupplies toWilmington

Took supplies toarmy

Transportation: Western towns like Asheville grew due to RR.

By 1890 NC connected in every direction to rest of US

ManufacturingPeople began factories to turn raw

materials into products.

By 1900 becoming most industrial state in South

Furniture factories in

High Point due to RR.

Growth of mills boosted Towns like Charlotte and Concord.

Farmers movedinto mill towns.

Mills located near rivers and streams.Why?

http://www.osv.org/types-of-mills

Improvement:Steam engine

Could locateMill inmorePlaces.

All of this depended on restoring…

It shipped the product

Result: every town on the railroad hada textile mill.

Washington Duke

Buck Duke

Tobacco industry geniuses

Bonsack cigarette rolling machine.

Mechanization took over the cigarette industry

CigarettesVeryPopularIn the North

THE NEXT STEP:HYDROELECTRICPOWER

JAMES B. DUKECREATES

“DUKEPOWER”.

SELLS POWERTO TEXTILE MILLS

1890’s TECHNOLOGY

telephone Electricstreetcar

ElectricStreetlamps

NEW TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyAdCb04HzU

Common by 1912

ECONOMIC EXPANSION

• NC used western rivers as power

• “Middle Class people” lived in suburbs, more money, streets paved.

• Mill workers poor, lived in Mill Towns. Houses Small, streets not paved.

INCOME INEQUALITY

MORE NEW TECHNOLOGY

RADIO BOOSTED ADVERTISINGAND SALES=$

CONNECTING COAST TO THE MOUNTAINS

NC WENT INTO DEBT TO BUILD ROADS

CHARLOTTE MANUFACTURING

FORD MODEL T PLANT

ASSEMBLYLINE

STATE GOVERNMENT built bestHighways in the South

to

ManufacturingAFTER WWII

New Industries Recruited from North

1970’s: Tobacco declines,

Textiles and Furniture decline-competition

A new economy arose as oldindustries declined.New industries such as internationalbanking.

Research Triangle Park near Cary. Software, Astroturf, drugs, computers

OUR FUTURE: BUILDING A NEW ECONOMY

YOU HAVE TO BUILD IT!

Plank Roads1850’S RR lines from Asheville to Wilmington

ManufacturingCotton Mills on the Cape Fear50 mines employed thousands and used steam engines

The Whigs brought in railroads and textile mills. The biggest effect was on farmers. Farmers could use the railroad to ship out their crops.

War and Defense: Steamships were used to run blockades and

bring in supplies. Port of Wilmington was important to the

South. Last open port in South The Wilmington and Weldon Railroad was

the main supply line The port and railroad made NC a target ofUnion attack.

The Civil War 1861-5

W&WR called “Lifeline of the Confederacy”

Union attacked NC due to the importance of the RR.

General Sherman attacked Goldsboro to cut the lifeline.

North Carolina’s role as a supply line for the Southmade the state a target. The North attacked to capturethe port and cut the railroad.

Economics (money making, business, etc.)Due to RR, people gathered all kinds of products to sell.

Concord ,Charlotte, and new towns grew due to RR and mills.

Because of railroads, new towns and mills were started. Those towns began to grow as people made money

TechnologyDuke’s Bonsack cigarette rolling

machine put other cigarette companies out of business.

Mills/textile, furniture, cigs- began to use steam engines and moved away from streams.

Telephones, electric streetlights and electric streetcars in the 1890’s

Transportation: Trains made it possible to ship goods, so people looked for products to sell.

Railroad made NC tobacco known worldwide.

ManufacturingJames Buchanan “Buck” Duke began to make cigarettes.

Textile mills opened in almost every town on the Railroad.

Economics (money making, business, etc.)Best selling goods were cotton and

tobacco, so people began to build factories and sell the goods.

Railroad made NC tobacco known worldwide.

359-60, 372-75: Hydroelectricity, industrial growth, urbanization (growth of towns), middle class, mill villages.TIME: 1890’s-1920’s

TechnologyHydroelectirity was developed James B. Duke dammed rivers and sold power to textile millsTelephones begin to be usedTransportation

1905 first automobiles- doctors used them.

Middle class used streetcars

ManufacturingNC became the leading manufacturing state in the SouthTobacco, textiles, and furniture all grew.Durham and Winston Salem biggest cigarette townsGaston County center of textile industry- almost 100 millsHigh Point: furniture industryTowns grew with industry

Economics (money making, business, etc.)

• More service industries were coming in.

• 1970’s the “big three” decline• Fewer farmers, but more productive• New industries: Computer programs

like SAS

Economics (money making, business)• NC expanded its wealth partly by

taking advantage of western rivers as power

• “Middle Class people” lived in suburbs and had more money. Streets were paved.

• Mill workers were poorer and lived in Mill Towns. Houses were smaller and streets were not paved

TechnologyMore people getting radios. This boosted advertising and buying

TransportationCars becoming common. After WWI, ¼ of NCr’s drove themState leaders build a network of roads to connect factories in Piedmont to raw materials on coastal plain.Highway 10 built to connect county seats.Railroads and highways linked NC to the world

ManufacturingTextiles, tobacco, and furniture the biggestWinston Salem ;obacco, hosiery and underwearBurlington :synthetic fabricsOver half of Western counties had a furniture factory.New Industries: Recruited from North- making toasters, laboratory tables,1970’s: Tobacco declines, Textiles decline due to Asian competitionFewer textile workers (down a third). Furniture did OK into the 1990’s then declined

294-297 (The Cotton Economy, Slavery, Ports, Civil War, Railroad, Ports. The link between cotton and slavery)

325-330: Industrial Transition, Railroads, raw materials, urbanization (new towns) 1890’s

332-335 and 340: The Dukes, Cotton Mills and Railroads, Spread of Manufacturing: 1870’s-1880’s-1890’s.

ManufacturingNC became the leading manufacturing state in the SouthTobacco, textiles, and furniture

Durham and Winston Salem: cigarettesGaston County: Almost 100 millsHigh Point: furniture

397-401 Automobiles, roads, urbanization, new business. 1920’s.

ManufacturingThe “assembly line” produces reliable and cheaper carsA Ford Model T factory in Charlotte

Economics (money making, business, etc.)Businesses grew, including “moonshine” (illegal liquor”) delivered by car.Cities growing and making moneyWinston Salem made 1/5 of all NC manufactured wealthState went into debt to build the roads.

445-446 (Post WWII industries, old and new) 484-88: Decline of “The Big Three”, New Industries, Banking. Post WWII to the 1970’s.

Transportation: p.233- WHIGS-1830’s-40’sDevelopment of railroad connected

NC to the rest of the world.Wilmington and Weldon Railroad

AND Raleigh and Gaston Line Legislature Established North

Carolina Railroad- Longest in the World