236001297-IELTS-Writing-Band-9-0

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Tác giả: SimonWebsite: w ww.iel t s -s i m o n.c o m

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!an" # c$a th%& Simon

Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some hobbies are relativel& eas&' while others present more o( a challenge.)ersonall&' * believe that both t&pes o( hobb& can be (+n' an" * there(ore "isagree

with the statement that hobbies nee" to be "i((ic+lt in or"er to be en,o&able.

n the one han"' man& people en,o& eas& hobbies. ne eample o( an activit& thatis eas& (or most people is swimming. This hobb& re/+ires ver& little e/+ipment' itis simple to learn' an" it is inepensive. * remember learning to swim at m& localswimming pool when * was a chil"' an" it never (elt like a "eman"ing orchallenging eperience. 0nother hobb& that * (in" eas& an" (+n is photograph&. *nm& opinion' an&one can take interesting pict+res witho+t knowing too m+ch abo+t

the technicalities o( operating a camera. 1espite being straight(orwar"' taking photos is a satis(&ing activit&.

n the other han"' "i((ic+lt hobbies can sometimes be more eciting. *( an activit&is more challenging' we might (eel a greater sense o( satis(action when we manageto "o it s+ccess(+ll&. 2or eample' (ilm e"iting is a hobb& that re/+ires a high levelo( knowle"ge an" epertise. *n m& case' it took me aro+n" two &ears be(ore *

became competent at this activit&' b+t now * en,o& it m+ch more than * "i" when *starte". * believe that man& hobbies give +s more pleas+re when we reach a higher

level o( per(ormance beca+se the res+lts are better an" the (eeling o( achievementis greater.

*n concl+sion' simple hobbies can be (+n an" relaing' b+t "i((ic+lt hobbies can bee/+all& pleas+rable (or "i((erent reasons.

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Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in

every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

*n m& opinion' men an" women sho+l" have the same e"+cational opport+nities.3owever' * "o not agree with the i"ea o( accepting e/+al proportions o( eachgen"er in ever& +niversit& s+b,ect.

3aving the same n+mber o( men an" women on all "egree co+rses is simpl&+nrealistic. St+"ent n+mbers on an& co+rse "epen" on the applications that theinstit+tion receives. *( a +niversit& "eci"e" to (ill co+rses with e/+al n+mbers o(

males an" (emales' it wo+l" nee" eno+gh applicants o( each gen"er. *n realit&'man& co+rses are more pop+lar with one gen"er than the other' an" it wo+l" not be practical to aim (or e/+al proportions. 2or eample' n+rsing co+rses ten" to attractmore (emale applicants' an" it wo+l" be "i((ic+lt to (ill these co+rses i( (i(t& percent o( the places nee"e" to go to males.

0part (rom the practical concerns epresse" above' * also believe that it wo+l" be+n(air to base a"mission to +niversit& co+rses on gen"er. 4niversities sho+l"contin+e to select the best can"i"ates (or each co+rse accor"ing to their

/+ali(ications. *n this wa&' both men an" women have the same opport+nities' an"applicants know that the& will be s+ccess(+l i( the& work har" to achieve goo"gra"es at school. *( a (emale st+"ent is the best can"i"ate (or a place on a co+rse' itwo+l" be wrong to re,ect her in (avo+r o( a male st+"ent with lower gra"es or(ewer /+ali(ications.

*n concl+sion' the selection o( +niversit& st+"ents sho+l" be base" on merit' an" itwo+l" be both impractical an" +n(air to change to a selection proce"+re base" ongen"er.

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Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and

historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with thisopinion?

*t is sometimes arg+e" that to+rists (rom overseas sho+l" be charge" more thanlocal resi"ents to visit important sites an" mon+ments. * completel& "isagree withthis i"ea.

The arg+ment in (avo+r o( higher prices (or (oreign to+rists wo+l" be that c+lt+ralor historical attractions o(ten "epen" on state s+bsi"ies to keep them going' which

means that the resi"ent pop+lation alrea"& pa&s mone& to these sites thro+gh theta s&stem. 3owever' * believe this to be a ver& shortsighte" view. 2oreign to+ristscontrib+te to the econom& o( the host co+ntr& with the mone& the& spen" on a wi"erange o( goo"s an" services' incl+"ing (oo"' so+venirs' accommo"ation an" travel.The governments an" inhabitants o( ever& co+ntr& sho+l" be happ& to s+bsi"iseimportant to+rist sites an" enco+rage people (rom the rest o( the worl" to visitthem.

*( travellers realise" that the& wo+l" have to pa& more to visit historical an"

c+lt+ral attractions in a partic+lar nation' the& wo+l" perhaps "eci"e not to go tothat co+ntr& on holi"a&. To take the 49 as an eample' the to+rism in"+str& an"man& relate" ,obs rel& on visitors coming to the co+ntr& to see places like Win"sor astle or Saint )a+l;s athe"ral. These two sites charge the same price regar"lesso( nationalit&' an" this helps to promote the nation;s c+lt+ral heritage. *( overseasto+rists stoppe" coming "+e to higher prices' there wo+l" be a risk o( ins+((icient(+n"ing (or the maintenance o( these important b+il"ings.

*n concl+sion' * believe that ever& e((ort sho+l" be ma"e to attract to+rists (romoverseas' an" it wo+l" be co+nterpro"+ctive to make them pa& more than localresi"ents.






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e cannot help everyone in the world that needs help! so we should only be

concerned with our own communities and countries.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Some people believe that we sho+l" not help people in other co+ntries as long asthere are problems in o+r own societ&. * "isagree with this view beca+se * believethat we sho+l" tr& to help as man& people as possible.

n the one han"' * accept that it is important to help o+r neighbo+rs an" (ellow

citi>ens. *n most comm+nities there are people who are impoverishe" or"isa"vantage" in some wa&. *t is possible to (in" homeless people' (or eample' ineven the wealthiest o( cities' an" (or those who are concerne" abo+t this problem'there are +s+all& opport+nities to vol+nteer time or give mone& to s+pport these

people. *n the 49' people can help in a variet& o( wa&s' (rom "onating clothing toserving (ree (oo" in a so+p kitchen. 0s the problems are on o+r "oorstep' an" thereare obvio+s wa&s to help' * can +n"erstan" wh& some people (eel that we sho+l"

prioritise local charit&.

0t the same time' * believe that we have an obligation to help those who live be&on" o+r national bor"ers. *n some co+ntries the problems that people (ace arem+ch more serio+s than those in o+r own comm+nities' an" it is o(ten even easier to help. 2or eample' when chil"ren are "&ing (rom c+rable "iseases in 0(ricanco+ntries' governments an" in"ivi"+als in richer co+ntries can save lives simpl& b&

pa&ing (or vaccines that alrea"& eist. 0 small "onation to an international charit&might have a m+ch greater impact than helping in o+r local area.

*n concl+sion' it is tr+e that we cannot help ever&one' b+t in m& opinion national bo+n"aries sho+l" not stop +s (rom helping those who are in nee".









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Some people thin# that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid wor# in

their free time to help the local community. They believe this would benefit boththe individual teenager and society as a whole.

$o you agree or disagree?

?an& &o+ng people work on a vol+nteer basis' an" this can onl& be bene(icial (or both the in"ivi"+al an" societ& as a whole. 3owever' * "o not agree that we sho+l"there(ore (orce all teenagers to "o +npai" work.

?ost &o+ng people are alrea"& +n"er eno+gh press+re with their st+"ies' witho+t

being given the a""e" responsibilit& o( working in their spare time. School is ,+stas "eman"ing as a (+ll-time ,ob' an" teachers epect their st+"ents to "o homework an" eam revision on top o( atten"ing lessons ever& "a&. When &o+ng people "ohave some (ree time' we sho+l" enco+rage them to en,o& it with their (rien"s or tospen" it "oing sports an" other leis+re activities. The& have man& &ears o( workahea" o( them when the& (inish their st+"ies.

0t the same time' * "o not believe that societ& has an&thing to gain (rom obliging&o+ng people to "o +npai" work. *n (act' * wo+l" arg+e that it goes against the

val+es o( a (ree an" (air societ& to (orce a gro+p o( people to "o something againsttheir will. 1oing this can onl& lea" to resentment amongst &o+ng people' whowo+l" (eel that the& were being +se"' an" parents' who wo+l" not want to be tol"how to raise their chil"ren. +rrentl&' nobo"& is (orce" to vol+nteer' an" this iss+rel& the best s&stem.

*n concl+sion' teenagers ma& choose to work (or (ree an" help others' b+t in m&opinion we sho+l" not make this comp+lsor&.

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%owadays animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and

to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that these experimentsshould be banned because it is morally wrong to cause animals to suffer! while

others are in favour of them because of their benefits to humanity.

$iscuss both views and give your own opinion.

*t is tr+e that me"icines an" other pro"+cts are ro+tinel& teste" on animals be(orethe& are cleare" (or h+man +se. While * ten" towar"s the viewpoint that animaltesting is morall& wrong' * wo+l" have to s+pport a limite" amo+nt o( animaleperimentation (or the "evelopment o( me"icines.

n the one han"' there are clear ethical arg+ments against animal eperimentation.To +se a common eample o( this practice' laborator& mice ma& be given an illnessso that the e((ectiveness o( a new "r+g can be meas+re". pponents o( s+chresearch arg+e that h+mans have no right to s+b,ect animals to this kin" o( tra+ma'an" that the lives o( all creat+res sho+l" be respecte". The& believe that the

bene(its to h+mans "o not ,+sti(& the s+((ering ca+se"' an" that scientists sho+l"+se alternative metho"s o( research.

n the other han"' reliable alternatives to animal eperimentation ma& not alwa&s be available. S+pporters o( the +se o( animals in me"ical research believe that acertain amo+nt o( s+((ering on the part o( mice or rats can be ,+sti(ie" i( h+manlives are save". The& arg+e that opponents o( s+ch research might (eel "i((erentl&i( a member o( their own (amilies nee"e" a me"ical treatment that ha" been"evelope" thro+gh the +se o( animal eperimentation. )ersonall&' * agree with the

banning o( animal testing (or non-me"ical pro"+cts' b+t * (eel that it ma& be anecessar& evil where new "r+gs an" me"ical proce"+res are concerne".

*n concl+sion' it seems to me that it wo+l" be wrong to ban testing on animals (or vital me"ical research +ntil e/+all& e((ective alternatives have been "evelope".

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Some people thin# that governments should give financial support to creative

artists such as painters and musicians. &thers believe that creative artistsshould be funded by alternative sources. $iscuss both views and give your own

opinion.

)eople have "i((erent views abo+t the (+n"ing o( creative artists. While some people "isagree with the i"ea o( government s+pport (or artists' * believe thatmone& (or art pro,ects sho+l" come (rom both governments an" other so+rces.

Some art pro,ects "e(initel& re/+ire help (rom the state. *n the 49' there are man&

works o( art in p+blic spaces' s+ch as streets or s/+ares in cit& centres. *nIiverpool' (or eample' there are several new stat+es an" sc+lpt+res in the "ocksarea o( the cit&' which has been re"evelope" recentl&. These artworks representc+lt+re' heritage an" histor&. The& serve to e"+cate people abo+t the cit&' an" actas lan"marks or talking points (or visitors an" to+rists. Jovernments an" localco+ncils sho+l" pa& creative artists to pro"+ce this kin" o( art' beca+se witho+ttheir (+n"ing o+r cities wo+l" be m+ch less interesting an" attractive.

n the other han"' * can +n"erstan" the arg+ments against government (+n"ing (or

art. The main reason (or this view is that governments have more importantconcerns. 2or eample' state b+"gets nee" to be spent on e"+cation' healthcare'in(rastr+ct+re an" sec+rit&' among other areas. These p+blic services are vital (or aco+ntr& to (+nction properl&' whereas the work o( creative artists' even in p+blic

places' is a l++r&. 0nother reason (or this opinion is that artists "o a ,ob like an&other pro(essional' an" the& sho+l" there(ore earn their own mone& b& selling their work.

*n concl+sion' there are goo" reasons wh& artists sho+l" rel& on alternative so+rceso( (inancial s+pport' b+t in m& opinion government help is sometimes necessar&.










Several languages are in danger of extinction because they are spo#en by very

small numbers of people. Some people say that governments should spend public money on saving these languages! while others believe that would be a

waste of money.

$iscuss both these views and give your opinion.

*t is tr+e that some minorit& lang+ages ma& "isappear in the near (+t+re. 0ltho+ghit can be arg+e" that governments co+l" save mone& b& allowing this to happen' *

believe that these lang+ages sho+l" be protecte" an" preserve".

There are several reasons wh& saving minorit& lang+ages co+l" be seen as a wasteo( mone&. 2irstl&' i( a lang+age is onl& spoken b& a small n+mber o( people'epensive e"+cation programmes will be nee"e" to make s+re that more peoplelearn it' an" the state will have to pa& (or (acilities' teachers an" marketing. Thismone& might be better spent on other p+blic services. Secon"l&' it wo+l" be m+chcheaper an" more e((icient (or co+ntries to have ,+st one lang+age. Jovernmentsco+l" c+t all kin"s o( costs relate" to comm+nicating with each minorit& gro+p.

1espite the above arg+ments' * believe that governments sho+l" tr& to preserve

lang+ages that are less wi"el& spoken. 0 lang+age is m+ch more than simpl& ameans o( comm+nication@ it has a vital connection with the c+lt+ral i"entit& o( the

people who speak it. *( a lang+age "isappears' a whole wa& o( li(e will "isappearwith it' an" we will lose the rich c+lt+ral "iversit& that makes societies moreinteresting. !& spen"ing mone& to protect minorit& lang+ages' governments canalso preserve tra"itions' c+stoms an" behavio+rs that are part o( a co+ntr&;shistor&.

*n concl+sion' it ma& save mone& in the short term i( we allow minorit& lang+agesto "isappear' b+t in the long term this wo+l" have an etremel& negative impact ono+r c+lt+ral heritage.

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Some people thin# that museums should be enjoyable places to entertain

people! while others believe that the purpose of museums is to educate. $iscuss both views and give you own opinion.

)eople have "i((erent views abo+t the role an" (+nction o( m+se+ms. *n m&opinion' m+se+ms can an" sho+l" be both entertaining an" e"+cational.

n the one han"' it can be arg+e" that the main role o( a m+se+m is to entertain.?+se+ms are to+rist attractions' an" their aim is to ehibit a collection o(interesting ob,ects that man& people will want to see. The average visitor ma&

become bore" i( he or she has to rea" or listen to too m+ch e"+cational content' som+se+ms o(ten p+t more o( an emphasis on en,o&ment rather than learning. Thist&pe o( m+se+m is "esigne" to be vis+all& spectac+lar' an" ma& have interactiveactivities or even games as part o( its ehibitions.

n the other han"' some people arg+e that m+se+ms sho+l" (oc+s on e"+cation.The aim o( an& ehibition sho+l" be to teach visitors something that the& "i" not

previo+sl& know. 4s+all& this means that the histor& behin" the m+se+m;s ehibitsnee"s to be eplaine"' an" this can be "one in vario+s wa&s. Some m+se+ms

emplo& pro(essional g+i"es to talk to their visitors' while other m+se+ms o((erhea"sets so that visitors can listen to "etaile" commentar& abo+t the ehibition. *nthis wa&' m+se+ms can pla& an important role in teaching people abo+t histor&'c+lt+re' science an" man& other aspects o( li(e.

*n concl+sion' it seems to me that a goo" m+se+m sho+l" be able to o((er aninteresting' en,o&able an" e"+cational eperience so that people can have (+n an"learn something at the same time.

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There are many different types of music in the world today. hy do we need

music? 's the traditional music of a country more important than theinternational music that is heard everywhere nowadays?

*t is tr+e that a rich variet& o( m+sical st&les can be (o+n" aro+n" the worl". ?+sicis a vital part o( all h+man c+lt+res (or a range o( reasons' an" * wo+l" arg+e thattra"itional m+sic is more important than mo"ern' international m+sic.

?+sic is something that accompanies all o( +s thro+gho+t o+r lives. 0s chil"ren'we are ta+ght songs b& o+r parents an" teachers as a means o( learning lang+age'

or simpl& as a (orm o( en,o&ment. hil"ren "elight in singing with others' an" itwo+l" appear that the act o( singing in a gro+p creates a connection between participants' regar"less o( their age. Iater in li(e' people;s m+sical pre(erences"evelop' an" we come to see o+r (avo+rite songs as part o( o+r li(e stories. ?+sic

both epresses an" aro+ses emotions in a wa& that wor"s alone cannot. *n short' itis "i((ic+lt to imagine li(e witho+t it.

*n m& opinion' tra"itional m+sic sho+l" be val+e" over the international m+sic thathas become so pop+lar. *nternational pop m+sic is o(ten catch& an" (+n' b+t it is

essentiall& a commercial pro"+ct that is markete" an" sol" b& b+siness people.Tra"itional m+sic' b& contrast' epresses the c+lt+re' c+stoms an" histor& o( aco+ntr&. Tra"itional st&les' s+ch as ...5eample8...' connect +s to the past an" (orm

part o( o+r c+lt+ral i"entit&. *t wo+l" be a real pit& i( pop m+sic became so pre"ominant that these national st&les "isappeare".

*n concl+sion' m+sic is a necessar& part o( h+man eistence' an" * believe thattra"itional m+sic sho+l" be given more importance than international m+sic.

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Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a

successful career! while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school.

$iscuss both views and give your opinion.

When the& (inish school' teenagers (ace the "ilemma o( whether to get a ,ob or contin+e their e"+cation. While there are some bene(its to getting a ,ob straighta(ter school' * wo+l" arg+e that it is better to go to college or +niversit&.

The option to start work straight a(ter school is attractive (or several reasons. ?an&

&o+ng people want to start earning mone& as soon as possible. *n this wa&' the&can become in"epen"ent' an" the& will be able to a((or" their own ho+se or start a(amil&. *n terms o( their career' &o+ng people who "eci"e to (in" work' rather thancontin+e their st+"ies' ma& progress more /+ickl&. The& will have the chance togain real eperience an" learn practical skills relate" to their chosen pro(ession.This ma& lea" to promotions an" a s+ccess(+l career.

n the other han"' * believe that it is more bene(icial (or st+"ents to contin+e their st+"ies. 2irstl&' aca"emic /+ali(ications are re/+ire" in man& pro(essions. 2or

eample' it is impossible to become a "octor' teacher or law&er witho+t having therelevant "egree. 0s a res+lt' +niversit& gra"+ates have access to more an" better

,ob opport+nities' an" the& ten" to earn higher salaries than those with (ewer /+ali(ications. Secon"l&' the ,ob market is becoming increasingl& competitive' an"sometimes there are h+n"re"s o( applicants (or one position in a compan&. Ko+ng

people who "o not have /+ali(ications (rom a +niversit& or college will not be ableto compete.

2or the reasons mentione" above' it seems to me that st+"ents are more likel& to bes+ccess(+l in their careers i( the& contin+e their st+"ies be&on" school level.

5HB wor"s' ban" #8 5*LITS Simon8








5B wor"s' ban" #8



%owadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because

of technology. 'n what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people

ma#e? (as this been a positive or negative development?

*t is tr+e that new technologies have ha" an in(l+ence on comm+nication between people. Technolog& has a((ecte" relationships in vario+s wa&s' an" in m& opinionthere are both positive an" negative e((ects.

Technolog& has ha" an impact on relationships in b+siness' e"+cation an" social

li( e. 2irstl&' telephones an" the *nternet allow b+siness people in "i((erent co+ntriesto interact witho+t ever meeting each other. Secon"l&' services like Sk&pe createnew possibilities (or relationships between st+"ents an" teachers. 2or eample' ast+"ent can now take vi"eo lessons with a teacher in a "i((erent cit& or co+ntr&. 2inall&' man& people +se social networks' like 2acebook' to make new(rien"s an" (in" people who share common interests' an" the& interact thro+ghtheir comp+ters rather than (ace to (ace.

n the one han"' these "evelopments can be etremel& positive. ooperation

between people in "i((erent co+ntries was m+ch more "i((ic+lt whencomm+nication was limite" to written letters or telegrams. Cowa"a&s' interactions

b& email' phone or vi"eo are almost as goo" as (ace-to-(ace meetings' an" man& o( +s bene(it (rom these interactions' either in work or social contets. n the otherhan"' the availabilit& o( new comm+nication technologies can also have the res+lto( isolating people an" "isco+raging real interaction. 2or eample' man& &o+ng

people choose to make (rien"s online rather than miing with their peers in the realworl"' an" these Mvirt+al; relationships are a poor s+bstit+te (or real (rien"ships.

*n concl+sion' technolog& has certainl& revol+tionise" comm+nication between people' b+t not all o( the o+tcomes o( this revol+tion have been positive.








5 wor"s' ban" #8



Some people regard video games as harmless fun! or even as a useful

educational tool. &thers! however! believe that videos games are having anadverse effect on the people who play them. 'n your opinion! do the drawbac#s

of video games outweigh the benefits?

?an& people' an" chil"ren in partic+lar' en,o& pla&ing comp+ter games. While *accept that these games can sometimes have a positive e((ect on the +ser' * believethat the& are more likel& to have a harm(+l impact.

n the one han"' vi"eo games can be both entertaining an" e"+cational. 4sers' or

gamers' are transporte" into virt+al worl"s which are o(ten more eciting an"engaging than real-li(e pastimes. 2rom an e"+cational perspective' these gamesenco+rage imagination an" creativit&' as well as concentration' logical thinkingan" problem solving' all o( which are +se(+l skills o+tsi"e the gaming contet.2+rthermore' it has been shown that comp+ter sim+lation games can improve+sers; motor skills an" help to prepare them (or real-worl" tasks' s+ch as (l&ing a

plane.

3owever' * wo+l" arg+e that these bene(its are o+tweighe" b& the "rawbacks.

Jaming can be highl& a""ictive beca+se +sers are constantl& given scores' newtargets an" (re/+ent rewar"s to keep them pla&ing. ?an& chil"ren now spen" ho+rseach "a& tr&ing to progress thro+gh the levels o( a game or to get a higher scorethan their (rien"s. This t&pe o( a""iction can have e((ects ranging (rom lack o( sleep to problems at school' when homework is sacri(ice" (or a (ew more ho+rs onthe comp+ter or console. The rise in obesit& in recent &ears has also been linke" in

part to the se"entar& li(est&le an" lack o( eercise that o(ten accompan& gaminga""iction.

*n concl+sion' it seems to me that the potential "angers o( vi"eo games are moresigni(icant than the possible bene(its.










'n the developed world! average life expectancy is increasing. hat problems

will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that couldbe ta#en to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

*t is tr+e that people in in"+strialise" nations can epect to live longer than ever be(ore. 0ltho+gh there will +n"o+bte"l& be some negative conse/+ences o( thistren"' societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

0s people live longer an" the pop+lations o( "evelope" co+ntries grow ol"er'several relate" problems can be anticipate". The main iss+e is that there will

obvio+sl& be more people o( retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion o( &o+nger' working a"+lts will be smaller' an"governments will there(ore receive less mone& in taes in relation to the si>e o( the

pop+lation. *n other wor"s' an ageing pop+lation will mean a greater ta b+r"en (or working a"+lts. 2+rther press+res will incl+"e a rise in the "eman" (or healthcare'an" the (act &o+ng a"+lts will increasingl& have to look a(ter their el"erl& relatives.

There are several actions that governments co+l" take to solve the problems"escribe" above. 2irstl&' a simple sol+tion wo+l" be to increase the retirement age

(or working a"+lts' perhaps (rom 67 to H=. Cowa"a&s' people o( this age ten" to behealth& eno+gh to contin+e a pro"+ctive working li(e. 0 secon" meas+re wo+l" be(or governments to enco+rage immigration in or"er to increase the n+mber o(working a"+lts who pa& taes. 2inall&' mone& (rom national b+"gets will nee" to

be taken (rom other areas an" spent on vital healthcare' accommo"ation an"transport (acilities (or the rising n+mbers o( ol"er citi>ens.

*n concl+sion' vario+s meas+res can be taken to tackle the problems that are certainto arise as the pop+lations o( co+ntries grow ol"er.

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)xplain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the

environment. hat can governments do to address these problems? hatcan individual people do?

3+mans are responsible (or a variet& o( environmental problems' b+t we can alsotake steps to re"+ce the "amage that we are ca+sing to the planet. This essa& will"isc+ss environmental problems an" the meas+res that governments an"in"ivi"+als can take to a""ress these problems.

Two o( the biggest threats to the environment are air poll+tion an" waste. Jas

emissions (rom (actories an" eha+st (+mes (rom vehicles lea" to global warming'which ma& have a "evastating e((ect on the planet in the (+t+re. 0s the h+man pop+lation increases' we are also pro"+cing ever greater /+antities o( waste' whichcontaminates the earth an" poll+tes rivers an" oceans.

Jovernments co+l" certainl& make more e((ort to re"+ce air poll+tion. The& co+l"intro"+ce laws to limit emissions (rom (actories or to (orce companies to +serenewable energ& (rom solar' win" or water power. The& co+l" also impose Mgreentaes; on "rivers an" airline companies. *n this wa&' people wo+l" be enco+rage"

to +se p+blic transport an" to take (ewer (lights abroa"' there(ore re"+cingemissions.

*n"ivi"+als sho+l" also take responsibilit& (or the impact the& have on theenvironment. The& can take p+blic transport rather than "riving' choose pro"+ctswith less packaging' an" rec&cle as m+ch as possible. ?ost s+permarkets now

provi"e re+sable bags (or shoppers as well as Mbanks; (or rec&cling glass' plastican" paper in their car parks. !& re+sing an" rec&cling' we can help to re"+cewaste.

*n concl+sion' both national governments an" in"ivi"+als m+st pla& their part inlooking a(ter the environment.










)conomic progress is often used to measure a country*s success. (owever! some

people believe that other factors are more important. hat other factors shouldalso be considered when measuring a country*s success? $o you thin# one

factor is more important than others?

The relative s+ccess o( "i((erent co+ntries is +s+all& "e(ine" in economic terms.There are several other (actors' apart (rom the econom&' that co+l" be +se" toassess a co+ntr&' an" in m& opinion e"+cation is the most important o( all.

Stan"ar"s o( e"+cation' health an" in"ivi"+al h+man rights sho+l" certainl& be

consi"ere" when meas+ring a co+ntr&;s stat+s. 0 goo" e"+cation s&stem is vital (or the "evelopment o( an& nation' with schools' colleges an" +niversities bearing theresponsibilit& (or the /+alit& o( (+t+re generations o( workers. 3ealthcare provisionis also an in"icator o( the stan"ar" o( living within a co+ntr&' an" this can bemeas+re" b& looking at average li(e epectanc& rates or availabilit& o( me"icalservices. 2inall&' h+man rights an" levels o( e/+alit& co+l" be taken into acco+nt.2or eample' a co+ntr& in which women "o not have the same opport+nities asmen might be consi"ere" less s+ccess(+l than a co+ntr& with better gen"er e/+alit&.

*n m& view' a co+ntr&;s e"+cation s&stem sho+l" be seen as the most importantin"icator o( its s+ccess an" level o( "evelopment. This is beca+se e"+cation has aconsi"erable e((ect on the other two (actors mentione" above. *t a((ects people;shealth in the sense that "octors an" n+rses nee" to be traine"' an" scientists nee" to

be e"+cate" to the highest levels be(ore the& can carr& o+t me"ical research. *t alsoa((ects the econom& in the sense that a well-e"+cate" work(orce will allow avariet& o( companies an" in"+stries to (lo+rish' lea"ing to tra"e with other

co+ntries' an" increase" wealth.

*n concl+sion' nations can be assesse" an" compare" in a variet& o( wa&s' b+t *wo+l" arg+e that the stan"ar" o( a co+ntr&Ns e"+cation s&stem is the best meas+reo( its

s+ccess.

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'n recent years! there has been growing interest in the relationship between

equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals canachieve more in egalitarian societies. &thers believe that high levels of personal

achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail

according to their individual merits.

hat is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

*n m& opinion' an egalitarian societ& is one in which ever&one has the same rightsan" the same opport+nities. * completel& agree that people can achieve more in thiskin" o( societ&.

L"+cation is an important (actor with regar" to personal s+ccess in li(e. * believethat all chil"ren sho+l" have access to (ree schooling' an" higher e"+cation sho+l"

be either (ree or a((or"able (or all those who chose to p+rs+e a +niversit& "egree. *na societ& witho+t (ree schooling or a((or"able higher e"+cation' onl& chil"ren an"&o+ng a"+lts (rom wealthier (amilies wo+l" have access to the best learningopport+nities' an" the& wo+l" there(ore be better prepare" (or the ,ob market. Thiskin" o( ine/+alit& wo+l" ens+re the s+ccess o( some b+t harm the prospects o(others.

* wo+l" arg+e that e/+al rights an" opport+nities are not in con(lict with people;s(ree"om to s+ccee" or (ail. *n other wor"s' e/+alit& "oes not mean that people losetheir motivation to s+ccee"' or that the& are not allowe" to (ail. n the contrar&' *

believe that most people wo+l" (eel more motivate" to work har" an" reach their potential i( the& tho+ght that the& live" in a (air societ&. Those who "i" not makethe same e((ort wo+l" know that the& ha" waste" their opport+nit&. *ne/+alit&' onthe other han"' wo+l" be more likel& to "emotivate people beca+se the& wo+l"

know that the o""s o( s+ccess were stacke" in (avo+r o( those (rom privilege" backgro+n"s.

*n concl+sion' it seems to me that there is a positive relationship between e/+alit&an" personal s+ccess.

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