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24 Jan 2008
What is Energy Policy?
ECONOMICSECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTENERGY ENERGY SECURITYSECURITY
The Changing Energy Landscape
Economic CompetitivenessEconomic Competitiveness Energy SecurityEnergy Security
Environment / Climate ChangeEnvironment / Climate Change New OpportunitiesNew Opportunities
Re-Emergence of Energy Security
Strong demand
Increasing cost of production
Political risk
Narrowing of supply-demand gap
Energy Investments
Natural Gas
75.8%
Fuel Oil21.6%
Diesel0.3%
Refuse2.3%
Energy Security in Singapore
Singapore’s Crude Oil Imports (2006)
Source: IE Singapore
Singapore’s Electricity Fuel Mix (1H2007)
Source: EMA
Malaysia3.7%
Australia4.5%
UAE10.5%
Qatar13.5%
Saudi Arabia32.8%
Other Middle East7.1%
Vietnam4.4%
Kuwait18.0%
Others5.4%
The Emergence of Climate Change
One of the greatest environmental challenges the world is facing
Rising global temperatures, sea levels and extreme weather events
Global CO2 emissions are projected to continue to increase
Global solution is needed
No Silver Bullet
Strong growth in renewable energy, but contributions still small
Nuclear
Fossil fuels will still contribute around 80% of global energy supply
Improve efficiency
Clean use of fossil fuels
Carbon sinks 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
19
90
20
04
20
15
20
30
Otherrenewables
Biomassand waste
Hydro
Nuclear
Gas
Oil
Coal
Global Primary Energy SupplyGlobal Primary Energy Supply
Source: International Energy Agency
MTOE
2004-2030
CAGR
1.8%
6.6%
1.3%
2.0%
0.7%
2.0%
1.3%
Climate Change and Singapore
Singapore is also vulnerable to climate change, eg. coastal land loss, impact on trading routes
Singapore accounts for only 0.15% of global CO2 emissions
Export-oriented economy; major international air/sea hub
We cannot volunteer to reduce emissions at the cost of economic growth
Will do our share fair as part of collective global effort
Comprehensive National Climate Change Strategy
Establishment of Energy Policy Group
Energy Policy Group
Economic Competitiveness
(MTI)
Energy Security (MFA)
Environment / Climate Change
(MEWR)
Industry Development
(EDB)
National Energy Policy Framework: Energy for Growth
Economic Economic CompetitivenessCompetitiveness
Energy Energy SecuritySecurity
Environmental Environmental Sustainability Sustainability
STRONG AND SUSTAINED STRONG AND SUSTAINED ECONOMIC GROWTHECONOMIC GROWTH
Man
ag
e T
rad
e-O
ffs
Man
ag
e T
rad
e-O
ffs
Exp
loit C
on
verg
en
ceExp
loit C
on
verg
en
ce
Energy Policy Group:Six Key Strategies
4. Develop Energy Industry and Invest in Energy R&D4. Develop Energy Industry and Invest in Energy R&D
3. Improve Energy Efficiency3. Improve Energy Efficiency
2. Diversify Energy Supplies2. Diversify Energy Supplies
5. Step up International Cooperation5. Step up International Cooperation
1. Promote Competitive Markets1. Promote Competitive Markets
6. Develop Whole-of-Government Approach 6. Develop Whole-of-Government Approach
Vibrant and competitive electricity and gas
markets
Strategy 1: Promote Competitive Markets
Competitive markets to help keep energy affordable Electricity Vending System to enable full retail
contestability Encourage the market to innovate Correct for market failures
Electricity Vending System
Strategy 2: Diversify Energy Supplies
Energy diversification to protect against supply disruptions and price increases
Avoid becoming overly dependent on any energy supplier
In competitive markets, companies have incentives to diversify
Government’s role is to create an open and flexible framework that allows diversification
But specific policies may still be necessary at times when market does not provide for sufficient diversity
Import of LNG by 2012
Facilitating Introduction of New Energy Technologies
Research and development A*STAR’s Energy Technology R&D Programme SINERGY Centre National Research Foundation $170m
Test-bedding and demonstration $17 m Clean Energy R&D and Testbedding Programme
(CERT) $5 m Market Development Fund
Reducing costs and facilitating grid connection Reduce cost of plugging into grid and participating in
the electricity market Publication of “Handbook for Photovoltaic Systems”
Keep Our Energy Options Open
CoalCoal• Cost competitive• Pollution controls• CO2 emissions • Ash disposal
Hydroelectric, geothermal & windHydroelectric, geothermal & wind• Cost competitive and clean• But not available or viable in
Singapore
SolarSolar• Clean, plenty of sun in S’pore• But high cost and intermittent
supply are key constraints
Biomass & waste-to-energyBiomass & waste-to-energy• Cost competitive and clean• Limited potential
Nuclear powerNuclear power• Stringent site requirements• Need for long term solution for
disposal of nuclear waste
Strategy 3: Improve Energy Efficiency
Using energy more efficiently can reduce our dependence on imports and enhance our security
Also reduces carbon intensity, air pollution and business costs
Establishment of Energy Efficiency Programme Office, led by NEA
Development of comprehensive national energy efficiency plan
Sectoral approach – power generation, industry, transport, buildings and household sectors Intelligent
LightingTri-generation
System
Smart Meters
MARKETS
Transport
Power
Industry
Building
Deliver
Energy Solutions
FossilEnergy
Non FossilEnergy
Oil
Gas
CoalSolarFuel CellsBiomass
Wind Others
Strong technology foundation
SECURITY
CLIMATECHANGE
URBAN-ISATION
ECON GROWTH
Integrate
GridManagement
Test &Integration
Trade(fuels, carbon)
EnergyServices
DRIVERS
Strategy 4: Build Energy Industry and Invest in Energy R&D
SolarOil BiomassH2 /Fuel Cells
Widen our Lead in Oil and Develop New Verticals
Gas
New R&D Programmes
EDB’s Clean Energy Research & Test-bedding Programme
EfficientBuildingSystemsUtility
Communications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
EfficientBuildingSystemsUtility
Communications
DynamicSystemsControl
DataManagement
DistributionOperations
DistributedGeneration& Storage
Plug-In Hybrids
SmartEnd-UseDevices
ControlInterface
AdvancedMetering
Consumer Portal& Building EMS
Internet Renewables
PV
A*STAR’s SINERGY Centre
A*STAR’s Energy Technology R&D Programme
NRF’s Clean Energy Programme
Strategy 5:Step up International Cooperation
Promote regional and international energy cooperation to further our energy interests
Promote security of vital energy sea lanes in the region
Promote Singapore as a centre of energy research and excellence
Strategy 6: Develop Whole-of-Government Approach to Energy Policy
Energy Policy Group
Economic Competitiveness
(MTI)
Energy Security (MFA)
Environment / Climate Change
(MEWR)
Industry Development
(EDB)
MTI Energy Division
Clean Energy Programme
Office
Energy Efficiency Programme
Office
Thank You