24 Production of commercially important secondary metabolitesand antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures ofArtemisia absinthium L

7/24/2019 24 Production of commercially important secondary metabolitesand antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures

1/7

Industrial Crops and Products 49 (2013) 400406

Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect

Industrial Crops and Products

journa l homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / indcrop

Production ofcommercially important secondary metabolitesand antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures ofArtemisia absinthium L.

Mohammad Ali a, Bilal Haider Abbasi a,, Ihsan-ul-haq b

a Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistanb Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 15 February 2013

Received in revised form 22 May 2013

Accepted 27 May 2013

Keywords:

Callus

Cell suspension

Phenolics

Flavonoids

Antioxidant

Artemisia

a b s t r a c t

An in vitro culture ofArtemisia absinthium L. was established for production of commercially impor-tant secondary metabolites. Callus cultures were obtained by inoculating leaf explants on Murashige

and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with Thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.55.0 mg l1) alone or in combinationwith either -naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 1.0mg l1) or Indole acetic acid (IAA; 1.0 mg l1). The cal-

lus obtained in response to 1.0mg l1 TDZ and 1.0 mg l1 NAA was subcultured on the same mediumto investigate its biomass accumulation and secondary metabolites production on weekly basis for 7

weeks. For submerged cultivation, 35 day old calli were cultured on MS basal media supplementedwith 1.0 mg l1 TDZ and 1.0mg l1 NAA. Growth kinetics and secondary metabolites production were

investigated in 3 day old suspension cultures for 42 days. Additionally, high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) based quantification ofgallic acid, caffeic acid and catechin was carried out in cell

suspension cultures. Seed germinated plantlets were used as control. Maximum levels oftotal phenoliccontent 3.57 mg GAE/g DW (control: 2.75 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid content 1.89 mg QE/g DW (con-

trol: 1.20 mg QE/g DW), and antioxidant activity 82.7% (control: 72.3%) were displayed by suspensioncultures. Among the phenolic compounds, maximum level ofgallic acid 104g g1 (control: 21.3g g1),

caffeic acid 27.40g g1

(control: 28.5g g1

) and catechin 92.0g g1

(control: 68.10g g1

) weredetected in suspension cultures. The results indicate that cell suspension cultures ofA. absinthium L.have the potential for enhanced production of phenolics and, hence, highest antioxidant activity than

callus culture and seed derived plantlets. 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction

Secondary metabolites produced in plants are low molecular

weight (LMW) natural products (Joo et al., 2010). Plant cell cul-ture is an attractive alternativetechnologyfor enhancing secondarymetabolites that are either difficult to synthesize chemically orare produced in limited quantities in wild plants. In particular,

plant cell suspension cultures containing undifferentiated cellsare attractive industrially, especially compared to differentiatedcultures, due to their relative similarity to microbial cell culturesystems (Kolewe et al., 2008).

Among different classes of secondary metabolites, plantpolyphenols constitute the largest group of natural antioxidants(Ciesla et al., 2012). Phenolics are considered more potent antioxi-dants than Vitamin C andE andcarotenoids (Rice-Evans et al., 1995,

Corresponding author. Tel.: +92 51 90644121; fax: +92 51 90644121.

E-mail addresses:[email protected] , [email protected](B.H. Abbasi).

1996). These compounds are considered to play a protective roleagainst a wide range of diseases such as coronary heart disease andcertain types of cancers (Ibrahim et al., 2012). Additionally, a strong

relationship exists between the phenolic compounds produced bythe in vitro cultures of different plants and their antioxidant activ-ities (Amid et al. , 2011; Giri et al., 2012; Al Khateeb et al. , 2012;Diwan et al., 2012).

Artemisia absinthium L., commonly known as Wormwoodhas been used as herbal medicine throughout Europe, MiddleEast, North Africa, and Asia (Sharopov et al., 2012). A verypopular drink absinthe, prepared from A. absinthium L., is con-

sidered to stimulate creativity and excitement (Gambelungheand Melai, 2002). The plant has traditionally been used as anti-helmintic, choleretic, antiseptic, balsamic, depurative, digestive,diuretic, emmenagogue and in treating leukaemia and sclerosis

(Canadanovic-Brunet et al., 2005). Recently, the aerial part ofA.absinthium L. has shown to possess anti-snake venom activity(Nalbantsoy et al., 2013). Antimalarial and anticancer activitiesare among the prominent biological effects reported for different

0926-6690/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09266690http://www.elsevier.com/locate/indcropmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://crossmark.dyndns.org/dialog/?doi=10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033&domain=pdfhttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/indcrophttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09266690http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.033


2/7

M.Ali et al. / Industrial Crops and Products 49 (2013) 400406 401

species of the genus Artemisia (Hernandez et al., 1990; Zafar et al.,

1990; Canadanovic-Brunet et al., 2005; Irshad et al., 2011; Shafiet al., 2012).

In vitro studies of the genus Artemisia have mainly beenfocused on enhanced production of artemisinin; strategies should

be adopted to enhance medicinally important phenolics andflavonoids in the species of this commercially important genus.This study aimed to establish cell suspension culture and to inves-tigate phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant potential in the

suspension cultures ofA. absinthium L.

2. Materials and methods

2.1. Seed germination and explant inoculation

Seeds ofA. absinthium L. were obtained from National Agri-

culture Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Followinga single wash with running tap water seeds were immersed inethanol (3min), followed by treatment with mercuric chloride(2min) and then washed with autoclaved water and dried on ster-

ilized filter papers. MS0 (Murashige and Skoog basal medium;Phytotechnology Labs, USA; Murashige and Skoog, 1962) contain-

ing 3% sucrose and 0.8% (w/v) agar (Phytotechnology Labs, USA)was used for seed germination.

2.2. Callus induction and biomass yield

To study the effects of plant growth regulators on callus induc-tion, approximately 1.5 cm of the leaf sections from 28-days oldseed germinated plantlets were incubated on Murashige andSkoog (MS) (1962) media supplemented with TDZ (0.5, 1.0, 2.0,

3.0, 4.0, 5.0 m g l1) alone and in combination with 1.0 m gl1

of NAA or 1.0 mg l1 IAA. Before autoclaving (121C, 20 m in,Systec VX 100, Germany), pH of all media was adjusted to5.8 (Eutech Instruments pH 510, Singapore). All cultures were

placed in 16h photoperiod with light intensity of 40mol m2 s1

and temperature of the growth room was maintained at251 C. Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS0) was used ascontrol.

Differential callus formation frequency and changes in callusmorphology were recorded on weekly basis. Furthermore, growthcurve was established for the biomass accumulation of the rapidlygrowing friable callus, obtained in response to 1.0 mg l1 TDZ and

1.0mg l1 NAA. For this purpose, 1.0 g of the callus sections weresubcultured on MS media containing 1.0mgl1 TDZ and 1.0 mgl1

NAA. Investigations of the biomass accumulation were performedwith an interval of 7 days for 49 days period. Triplicate flasks were

used in all experiments.

2.3. Cell suspension culture and growth kinetics

To establish cell suspension culture, 35-day old proliferatedcalli were transferred to 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing MSbasal media supplemented with combination of 1.0mg l1 TDZand

1.0mg l1 NAA. The cultures were placed in gyratory shaker (25C,120 rpm) in dark for the development of stock cell suspensioncultures as inoculum cultures. Fine cell suspension cultures werecollected after a period of 14 days. Subsequent experiments were

carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml MS mediawith 30gl1 sucrose, 1.0mg l1 TDZ and 1.0 mg l1 NAA in combi-nation and 1.5 g fresh cell suspension was inoculated in each flask.Observations and data recording of the growth kinetics were per-

formed with an interval of three days for 42 days period. Triplicateflasks were used in all experiments.

2.4. Analytical methods

For fresh weight (FW) determination, calli were harvestedfrom the media and weighed while cell suspensions were filteredthrough 0.45m stainless steel sieve (Sigma), washed with dis-

tilled water, pressed gently on filter paper to remove excess waterand weighed. Subsequently, calli and cell suspension cultures wereoven dried (60 C, 24h) for dry weight (DW) determination.

Extraction of calli, cell suspension culture samples and in vitroseed derived plantlets (control) was performed according to theprotocol described by Giri et al. (2012) with minor modification.Briefly, each finely ground dried sample (100 mg) was mixed with80% (v/v) methanol (10ml). The mixtures were sonicated (10min;

Toshiba, Japan) 3 times with a resting period of 30min in betweenand centrifuged (8000 rpm, 10min). The supernatants were col-lected and either immediately used for analysis or stored at 4 C.

For total phenolic content determination, Folin-Ciocalteu

reagent was used according to the protocol ofVelioglu et al.(1998).Absorbance was measured at 725 nm by using UV/VISDAD spec-trophotometer (Halo DR-20, UVVIS spectrophotometer, Dynam-ica Ltd., Victoria, Australia). The calibration curve (050g/ml,

R2 = 0.968) was plotted by using gallic acid as standard and the TPCwas expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight.

For total flavonoid content determination, the aluminium chlo-ride colorimetric method as described by Chang et al. (2002)

was used. Absorbance of the reaction mixtures was measured at415nm by using UV/VISDAD spectrophotometer. The calibrationcurve (040g/ml, R2 =0.998) was plotted by using quercetin asstandard. The TFC was expressed as quercetin equivalents (QE)/g

of dry weight.Quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds was carried outby

using HPLCDAD attached with Discovery C-18 analytical column,by the method described by Zu et al. (2006) with minor modifi-

cation. Methanolacetonitrilewateraectic acid (10:5:85:1) wereused as mobile phase A and methanol-acetonitrile-acetic acid(60:40:1) wereusedas mobilephase B.A gradient oftime020minfor 050% B, 2025min for 50100% B and then isocratic 100% B till

30min was used. Injection volume was 20l and flow rate was1.0ml/min. Gallic acid was analyzed at 257nm, catechin at 279 nmand caffeic acid at 325 nm. Every time column was reconditionedfor 10min before the next analysis.

For antioxidant activity determination, the DPPH free radicalscavenging assay (FRSA) as described by Abbasi et al. (2010) wasused. Absorbance of the mixtures was recorded at 517nm by spec-trophotometer. For background correction, a methanolic solution

of DPPH that had decayed with no resultant purple colour (2mg ofbutylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) dissolved in 4 ml of methanol with0.5ml of DPPH solution added) was used instead of pure methanol.The radical scavenging activity was calculated by the following for-

mula and expressed as %age of DPPH discoloration:

% scavenging DPPH free radical = 100

1 AEAD

where AE is absorbance of the solution when an extract was addedat a particular concentration and AD is the absorbance of the DPPH

solution with nothing added.

2.5. Experimental design and data analysis

All experiments were conducted in a completely randomizeddesign and were repeated twice. Each treatment was consistedof three replicates. Mean values of various treatments were sub-

jected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant difference

was separated using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). SPSS


3/7

402 M. Ali et al. / Industrial Crops and Products49 (2013) 400406

Table 1

Effects of differentconcentrations of TDZalone andin combinationwith IAAand NAA on callusformation frequency, callusmorphologyand callusgrowth (fresh weightand

dry weight). Values are mean standard error of three replicates.

S. no. Growth regulator (mg l1) Callus (%) Callus morphology FW (g l1) DW (g l1)

1 TDZ 0.5 71.7 2.03 Green, friable 112 2.31 6.40 0.265

2 TDZ 1.0 80.3 1.45 Green, friable 129 3.21 6.50 0.289

3 TDZ 2.0 75.3 2.40 Green, compact 119 2.40 6.47 0.2404 TDZ 3.0 66.0 1.73 Green, compact 103 3.79 5.13 0.240

5 TDZ 4.0 60.0 2.31 Brownish, compact 90.7 2.33 5.03 0.260

6 TDZ 5.0 53.3 2.40 Brownish, compact 67.3 2.91 4.53 0.2037 TDZ 0.5 + NAA 1.0 77.3 2.03 Yellowish, friable 118 2.60 6.17 0.120

8 TDZ 1.0 + NAA 1.0 83.3 1.20 Yellowish, friable 132 3.46 6.50 0.115



11 TDZ 4.0 + NAA 1.0 66.0 1.15 Brownish, compact 98 3.46 5.60 0.153

12 TDZ 5.0 + NAA 1.0 58.7 2.33 Brownish, compact 76.3 1.45 5.43 0.296

13 TDZ 0.5 + IAA 1.0 67.7 2.03 Green, compact 101 2.40 6.00 0.173

14 TDZ 1.0 + IAA 1.0 75.3 2.40 Green, compact 108 2.65 6.10 0.208

15 TDZ 2.0 + IAA 1.0 63.7 2.60 Green, compact 89 3.79 5.57 0.12016 TDZ 3.0 + IAA 1.0 61.0 1.53 Brownish, compact 83.7 1.86 5.10 0.153

17 TDZ 4.0 + IAA 1.0 53.3 3.48 Brownish, compact 80 1.15 5.00 0.346

18 TDZ 5.0 + IAA 1.0 42.7 1.45 Brownish, compact 59.3 1.76 3.53 0.203

(Windows version 7.5.1, SPSS Inc., Chicago) was used to determine

the significance at P


4/7

M.Ali et al. / Industrial Crops and Products 49 (2013) 400406 403

Fig. 3. Cell suspension cultures during(A) logphase, (B)stationary phaseand (C)decline phase.

3.3. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content

(TFC) in callus and cell suspension cultures

Phenolics and flavonoids induction in callus culture of A.absinthiumL. wasnot found to be strictly growthdependent(Fig.4).Initial increase in TPC and TFC was observed in the log phase(day 21), with respective peak values of 1.48mg GAE/g DW (4.9-

fold increase) and 0.48mg QE/gDW (4.1-fold increase) on day 35.Earlier studies have been undertaken on the investigations oftotal phenolic content in callus culture of various medicinal plants(Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. , 2005; Naz et al. , 2008; Giri et al.,

2012). Our results were consistent with the previous reports forhighest levels of flavonoids production in callus cultures of differ-ent medicinal species during the log phase of the culture (Fu et al.,2005; Antognoni et al., 2007; Andreazza et al., 2009; Tan et al.,

2010).A considerable increase with more than doubling in TPC

and TFC was observed in 6-day old suspension cultures (Fig. 5).On contrary to callus profile, peak values of total phenolics

with 3.57 m gGAE/g DW (day 30) and total flavonoids with1.89mg QE/gDW (day 33) were observed in the early stationaryphase of the growth curve. Previously, the cell cultures ofArtemisiafragida and Silybum marianum were reported to be more produc-

tive for phenolic acids among nine different plant species (Riedelet al., 2010). Furthermore, the presence of different secondary

0 7 14 21 28 35 42 491

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10DW

TP

TF

Culture time (days)

Dryweight(g/l)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Totalphenoliccontent(mgGAE/g)

Totalflavonoidcontent(mgQE/g)

Fig. 4. Total phenolic content (mggallic acid/g dryweight) and total flavonoid con-

tent (mg quercetin/gdryweight) in callus culture with respect to growth curve

(DW). Values are meanstandard error of three replicates.

metabolites including phenolics and flavonoids in the in vitrocultures ofA. annua has been reviewed (Bhakuni et al., 2001).

3.4. Antioxidant activity

The DPPH free radical scavenging activity in callus cultures wasfound to be independent of callus biomass accumulation. However,it was found to be dependent on secondary metabolites produc-

tion during the culture growth. Highest antioxidant activity (63.3%)and maximum accumulation of totalphenolics(1.48 mg GAE/gDW)and total flavonoids (0.48 mg QE/g DW) were recorded in 35 dayold calli (Fig. 6). Decline in antioxidant activity was recorded after

35 days of culture. These results show a positive correlation ofphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of

A. absinthium L.On the other hand, the DPPH radical scavenging activity in cell

suspension cultures was not found to be strictly culture growthassociated. Maximum biomass accumulation (DW: 9.03 g l1) was

observed on day 27 while highest antioxidant activity (82.7%) wasfound in 30-day old suspension cultures, in stationary phase. How-

ever, antioxidant activity was found to be associated with totalphenolics production (Fig. 7). Maximum total phenolic content(3.57mg GAE/gDW) in conjunction with highest antioxidant activ-ity was recorded in 30-day old suspension cultures in stationary

phase. Decline in activity was recorded after 39 days and 59% of

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 420

2

4

6

8

10

12

DW

TPC

TFC

Culture time (days)

Dryweight(g/l)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Totalphen

oliccontent(mgGAE/g)

Totalflav

onoidcontent(mgQE/g)

Fig. 5. Total phenolic content (mggallicacid/gdry weight) and total flavonoid con-

tent (mgquercetin/gdryweight) in cell suspension culture ofArtemisia absinthiumL. with respect to growth curve (DW). Values are meanstandard error of three

replicates.


5/7


0 7 14 21 28 35 42 490

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

dcdcd

bcdbcd

abc ab

RSA

TPC

TFC

Culture time (days)

Radicalscavengingactivity(%)

a

0.00

0.32

0.64

0.96

1.28

1.60

1.92

2.24

2.56

Totalphenoliccontent(mgGAE/g)

Totalflavonoidco

ntent(mgQE/g)

Fig. 6. DPPH radical scavenging activity (%) with respect to total phenolic content

and total flavonoid content in callus cultures ofArtemisia absinthium L. Values are

mean standard error of three replicates. Columns with similar alphabets are not

significantly different at P


6/7
http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0215http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0210http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0205http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0200http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0195http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0190http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0185http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0180http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0175http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0170http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0165http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0160http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0155http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0150http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0145http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0140http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0135http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0130http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0125http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0120http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0115http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0110http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0105http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0100http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0095http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0090http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0085http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0080http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0075http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/685427http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0065http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_7/dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2379http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0055http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0050http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0045http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0040http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0035http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0030http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0025http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0020http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0015http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0010http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0005


7/7


Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G., Gao, L., Oomah, B.D., 1998. Antioxidant activity and totalphenolicsin selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J. Agric. Food Chem.46, 41134117.

Zafar, M.M., Hamdard, M.E., Hameed, A., 1990. Screening ofArtemisia absinthiumfor antimalarial effects on Plasmodium berghei in mice: a preliminary report. J.Ethnopharmacol. 30, 223226.

Zia, M., Mannan, A.,Chaudhary, M.F., 2007a. Effect of growth regulators and aminoacidson artemisinin production in thecallus ofArtemisia absinthium. Pak.J. Bot.39 (2), 799805.

Zia, M., Rehman, R., Chaudhary, M.F., 2007b. Hormonal regulation for calloge-nesis and organgenesis ofArtemisia absinthium L . Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6 (16),18741878.

Zu, Y., Li, C., Fu, Y., Zhao, C., 2006. Simultaneous determination of catechin, rutin,quercetin kaempferol and isorhamnetin in the extract of sea buckthorn (Hip-pophae rhamnoides L.) leavesby RP-HPLC with DAD. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41(3), 714719.
http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0240http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0235http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0230http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0225http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0926-6690(13)00283-5/sbref0220

Documents

24 Production of commercially important secondary metabolitesand antioxidant activity in cell suspension cultures ofArtemisia absinthium L