NetworkingInstalling, Securing, &

Administering240:237 - Coordinating Technology

in an Educational SettingApril 8, 2010

Networking MediaWireless Copper-Based Fiber

Standard IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3

Types a, b, g, n Ethernet Single vs. Multi

Transmission Up to 54 Mbps Up to 100 Mbps Up to 40 Gbps

Signal Radio Waves Electricity Light

Cost Inexpensive Inexpensive Expensive

Distance 100 meters 100 meters Up to 40 miles

DevicesLAN (Local Area Network)WAN (Wide Area Network)

LAN Devices

Hubs Switches

Clean up electrical signals

Multiple ports Extends network size Increases the size of the

collision domain Forwards all traffic to

everyone Unmanaged

Clean up electrical signals

Multiple ports Extends network size Reduces the size of the

collision domain Filters traffic based upon

MAC addresses Unmanaged and

managed

Hub Switch

Determines best path for data delivery Use IP addresses to determine network

location Configuration

◦ Command Line Interface - CLI◦ Graphical User Interface – GUI

WAN Devices - Routers

Routers

AddressingMAC AddressesIPv4 vs IPv6ClassesPrivate Addressing

Media Access Control Address Burned in address (BIA) on network interface

cards (NIC) 48-bit address or 12 hexadecimal digits Example 12-34-56-78-9A-BC

◦ First 6 digits identify manufacturer◦ Last 6 digits identify device

Switches use to filter data Other Names

◦ Adapter Address◦ Physical Address◦ Hardware Address

MAC Addresses

Every device has one assigned IPv4

◦ 32-bit dotted decimal notation◦ Example – 192.250.23.6

IPv6◦ 128-bit address◦ Example – fe80::c0ae:e644:7ea4:a3e5

Divided into Network & Host portion◦ Network = street◦ Host = house

Hierarchical INAN – Internet Numbers Assigned Authority

IP Addresses

Class A◦ Large, global networks◦ First octet ranges from1-127

Class B◦ Medium-sized networks◦ First octet ranges 128-191

Class C◦ Small networks◦ First octet ranges 192-223

Class D –Multicast purposes Class E - Experimental purposes

IP Address Classes

Shortage of Public IP addresses Reserved for private use by anyone Not routable across Internet These addresses will be translated to a public

IP address before forwarding. Class A

◦ 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 Class B

◦ 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 Class C

◦ 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

Private IP Addresses

Integrated Services Router

Access PointRouterSwitch

Wireless StandardsA B G N

Data Rates Up to 54Mbps

Up to 11Mbps

Up to 54Mbps

Up to 54Mbps

Frequency 5 GHz band 2.4GHz band

2.4GHz band

2.4GHz & 5GHz band

Security WEP & WPA WEP & WPA WEP & WPA WEP & WPA

Open◦ Everyone has access

PSK (Pre-shared keys)◦ One-way authentication which aligns host to the

Access Point (AP) EAP ( extensible authentication protocol)

◦ Two-way authentication

Wireless Authentication

WEP (Wired Equivalency Protocol)◦ Pre-configured keys◦ 64 bits or 128 bits long ◦ Passphrase option – static key◦ Change key frequently

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)◦ New, dynamic keys◦ 64 bits to 256 bits◦ More secure – harder to break

Wireless Encryption