24.4.2012

The Skeletal SystemGCSE Theory

1.2.5

In Today’s Lesson

Learning Objectives:• Can I explain the ranges of movement at a

joint? (B)• Do I understand what movement each joint

allows? (B)• Can I apply the joint movement to sporting

examples? (A)

Starter

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOs7h6Z2bpE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzWvGnrBqP4

Hinge Joints

• A hinge joint allows the part of the body to bend (flex), or straighten (extend).

• It works like a hinge at a door, allowing it to open (extend) and close (flex)

• Sporting example? • There are two main hinge joints:• Elbow: allows the arm to flex and extend• Knee: allows the leg to flex and extend

Joint movements

The hinge joint can allow:

• Flexion (closing of a joint),

• Extension (opening of a joint)

• Slight Rotation (only knee)(moving the joint in

a circle motion).

Activity

Think of at least 5 sporting examples in which use the hinge joint at either the knee or the

elbow.Be specific

For example: a basketball player performing a chest pass is extension at the elbow joint

Ball and Socket Joint

• Ball and sockets are more complex and allow a lot more movement.

• They allow a lot of movement in many directions because the ball at the end of the bone fits into a socket which allows the bone to swivel in many ways.

• The shoulder and the hip are examples of ball and socket joints.

Joint Movement

• The ball and socket joint can allow:• flexion (closing of a joint),• extension (opening of a joint),• adduction (the movement of a limb towards

the centre line of body) , • abduction (the movement of a limb away

from the centre line of body) • rotation(moving the joint in a circle motion).

Activity

Think of at least 5 sporting examples in which use the ball and socket joint at either hip or

shoulderBe specific

For example: the shoulder when bowling a cricket bowl is rotation at the shoulder joint

The Effects of Exercise

• Bones continue to grow and strengthen until about the age of 18

• Regular exercise and diet helps bones to develop and become strong

• Exercise can increase:Bone density (heavier=stronger)Ligaments (which attach bone to bone)Tendons (which attach bone to muscle)

Effects of Exercise• Bones become lighter with age and their

strength is gradually reduced• This condition is called osteoporosis • Exercise which strengthens the bones can

prevent or delay this condition• Weight bearing exercises are good as they put

weight and pressure on certain bones, increasing their strength.

• Calcium and vitamin D help to increase bone density

Question TimeWrite in full sentences!!!

1. What type of joint is at the elbow? (1mark)2. Name the three functions of skeletal system.

(3marks)3. What exercises reduce the chance of

osteoporosis? (1 mark)4. Explain the condition, osteoporosis. (1mark)5. What movements can occur at the hip joint?

(5 marks)

HomeworkDue in 3rd May!!

Choose an injury from the list:• Fracture• Stress fracture• Dislocation• Sprain• Tennis elbow• Torn cartilageExplain what this injury is, how this injury could occur and

how to prevent this injury.