254

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　OriginalArticles

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（Ａ励tｒａｃt）

　　　　　　Studies‘on Itching :　Relationship of Itching to Vasomotor Reactions

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　andto Skin Temperature*

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TsutomuUchida**

　　To elucidate the relationship of itching to vasomotor reactions and to skin tem-

perature, experimental studies were performed on the normal skin and so-called itchy

skin. The results are outlined as follows :

　　1) Experimental itching on the normal skin could scarcely be affected either by

the administration of any autonomic nerve stimulant or of any vasomotor-inducing.

drug, or by the local application of any of them to skin together with chemical itch

stimulus.

　　2) When itch-producing lymphagoga, for example, histamine which indueｅｓ　ｒｅmark-

able vasomotor reactions　was　intra-epidermally, itching　sensation　developed　before

any skin vasomotor reaction was observed, and the vasomotor reactions increased even

after the itching sensation subsided. Further, the skin reaction　itself could　be pro-

duced　by　such　low　stimulus　as　can　not induce　itch in sensation. that is to say by

subthreshold stimulus.

　　3) Stoppage of blood stream in the normal skin by tying off, or epinephrine

ischemia, could not inhibit artificialitching. but itch threshold was generally elevated

in this case.

　　4) In ａ site of the normal skin where the temperature was raised by warmth

stimulus, the　threshould generally　lowered, but in ａ　site whose temperature　was

lowered by cold stimulus. the threshould was nearly always elevated.

　　5）Ｏｎ either clinical０ｒexperimental itchy skin, itching recurred immediately on

the warmth stimulus. Furthermore, in the clinicalitchy skin, it is possible to reproduce

itching with pharmacological stimulant　such　as ｖ卵odilator. This was always Ob-

served on the face and neck on the application of nicotinic acid.

　　From 1) and 2) it can be affirmed that itching is independent of autonomic inner-

vation, and from 3) and 4) it is clear that change in blood stream and skin temperature

often affect the local itching excitability.　From 5) it is confirmed that clinicalitching

can recur or increase on the application of warmth stimulus. The reason is considered

to be that warmth stimulus can be accumulated as itch stimulus, and that it increases

the intensity of inflammatory process.

　＊

＊＊

Full-length report: Japanese section, pp. 1601～1628

Department of Dermatology (Director: Prof. J. Yamazaki), Faculty of Medicine,

Gunma University, Maebashi.

　　　　　　　Studies on the Skin Collagen Disease

Part l : HistopathologicalFindings in Acute Lupus Erythematosus

　　　　　　　　(Report of ４ Autopsy Cases゛゛)

　　　　　　by

Rinnosuke Saiki゛゜゛

255

　　　The author has had an opportunity of observing ４ cases ０ｆacute systemic　lupus

erythematous, which were undergone subsequent post-mortem examinations. Histopa-

thological findings as well as clinical conditions in these cases are presented here｡

　　　The autopsy revealed endocarditis with Libman-Sacks's syndrome in cases 1,111

and IV ；the renal glomeruli presented ａ picture of wire loop degeneration in cases Ｉ，II

and Ill；the　splenic　central　artery　presented ａ　picture　of onion　skin　degeneration

(periarterial fibrosis in ａ１１４ cases； and lupus pneumonitis in one case. There were

also vascular changes found in various internal organs｡

　　　Various organs of the ４ cases presented ａ picture similar to that of widespread

periarteritis　nodosa.　Association　of　lupus　erythematosus with　periarteritis nodosa

was thought to be considered｡

　　　Inａ１１４ cases. the extent of eruptions was not parallel　to the degree　of changes

in the internal organs.　　　　　　　　　　　　よ

　　　The upset of hormonal bnlance as represented by breakdown of pituitary adrenal

barrier cannot be accepted as the primary etiologic factor in lupus erythematosus,

though it may play ａ major part in the determination of the type of clinical response

and its severity。

　　　Reports of autopsy cases ６ｆlupus erythematosus which appeared in the literature

both in Japan and abroad, especially those in which　changes　in the　principal　organs

were described and which held allergy ･reponsible for the condition, were studied.

The author is positively in favor of the hypothesis that lupus erythematosus is ａ

bacterial allergy.　However, the possibility is emphasized that the kind of bacterial

antigen is an important factor in determining clinicaland pathological pictures, and the

intensity of antigenic stimulation which contributes to the occurrence of variations

in the clinical picture of the disease centering on subsepsis.

　＊

＊＊

Fｕl】｡lengthreport: Japanese section pp. 1629～1655

Department of Dermato-Urology, (Director: Prof. Ｋ. Takenouchi) School of

Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba.

256

In Vitro Experiment on EosinopMI AttractingFactor

　　　　　ofSerum in Cases with Dermatoses*゜

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　KoicMHirokawa**

　　　Noguchi (1950) found histologically that destruction products of the skin in some

dermatoses, e･g. skin pulp of the patients ｗ!th dermatitis herpetiformis, fluid of bullae

of the patients with pemphigus vulgaris. and dermatitis herpetiformis etc., possessed

eosinotactic activity, and Stoughton (1958) indicated that breakdown products of normal

human epidermis were capable of acting as　eosinotaxins. The　author could　obtain

great　numbers　of eosinophils　from　buffy coat　of normal human blood, and studied

the eosinotactic activity in vitro of the serum of the patients　with some　dermatoses。

which are usually accompanied with blood eosinophilia and/or tissue eosinophilia｡

　　　Material:　The attracting substances used were (1) serum of ３７patients；２ cases

of pemphigus vulgaris, １ case of pemphigus foliaceus, 3 cases of dermatitisヽherpeti-

formis, 2　cases　of mycosis　fungoides, 1　case　of pityriasis rubra Hebra, ３ cases of

dermatitis ｅχfoliativa,４ cases of psoriasis, 2 cases　of chronic　urticaria, 8 cases　of

erythema nodosum, ２ cases of erythema multiforme, ｌ case of penicillin eruption. １

case of gnathostomiasis, ４ cases of basal cell carcinoma and ３ cases of squamous cell

carcinoma, (2) fluid of the perienteric cavity of ascaris lumbricoides.　Normal human

sera were used as control｡

　　　Method :　The attracting substances and the control serum were adsorbed to caolin

in order to have visible targets. Defibrinized normal human blood was centrifuged at

2000ｒ･p.m. for 5 minutes, and greyish-white layer of leucocytes (buffy coat) was drawn.

into　ａ capillary　pipet.　Ａ　bit　of the test substance and the control serum adsorbed

to caolin were placed on ａ cover slip to form two small disks, 0.5～0.６mm. in diameter,

at a distance of ５～８mm. from each other, and were fixed by drying. A drop of

buffy coat was laid on the cover slip and spread over a glass slide, and the preparation

was sealed with petrolatum. The preparartion was then incubated at 36～38°Ｃ for

2～４ hours in horizontal position, until all leucocytes scarcely showed amoeboid move-

ment.　The margin of the target was　brought il!to　the　field　ofthe microscope　and

leucocytes within a distance of １５０μfrom the margin were counted. The measure of

eosinophil attracting activity was defined as the　ratio of numbers of eosinophils　to

total　leucocytes.　If the ratio of　eosinophils around the attracting target was twice

higher or more than that around the control　target, the　substance　tested　was　con･

sidered as eosinophil attracting･

　＊

希＊

Fｕｎ･length report: Japanese section pp. 1656～1666

Department of Dermatology (Ex-Director: Prof. K. Kitamura, Director: Prof. T

Kawamura), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo

257

　　　Results:　The results were summarized in the following table. Eosinophil attract-

ing activity of serum was observed in 15.cases； among them ２ cases were accompanied

with neither blood eosinophilia nor tissue eosinophilia clinically.２cases with only blood

eosinophilia, and ４cases with tissue eosinophilia. The 7 cases which were accompanied

with blood and tissue eosinophilia were each one case of pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus,

foliaceus, dermatitis herpetiformis, mycosis fungoides. pityriases rubra Hebra, derma-

titisｅχfoliativaand gnathostomiasis cutis. It　was　pointed　out that　all　these　cases

developed chronic. non-infectious, and generalized manifestations. except the case of

gnathostomiasie　cutis.　The　fluid　of　the　perienteric cavity of　ascaris lumbricoides

attracted eosinophils intensely.

Cases eoJ3Z!1iHaieoJだぶ151iaEosinotactic activity

　　　　of serum

Erythema nodosum

Squamous cellcarcinoma

Psoriasis

Penicillineruption

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Mycosis fungoides

Erythema nodosum

Squamous cellcarcinoma

Pemphigns vulgaris

Pemphigus foliaceus

Dermatitis herpetiformes

Mycosis fungoides

Pityriasisrubra He bra

Dermatitis exfoliativa

Gnathostomiasis cutis

一

一

十

＋

－

－

－

－

十

十

＋

十

＋

＋

＋

　－

　－

　－

　－

　十

　十

、＋

　＋

　十

　十

　十

　＋

　＋

　＋

　十

　　　　＋

　　　　－

　　　　一

　　　　十

　　　　十

　　　　－

　　　　＋

　　　　＋

　　　　＋

　　　　＋

・ｚ　＋

　　　　＋

　　　　十

　　　　十

　　　　十

　　The following conclusion might be drawn from the results　described　above :―In

cases with some chronic. non-infectious, and generalized dermatoses. the skin::lesion

(the damage of the skin) is favourable for liberating eosinotactic factors｡

　　The eosinotactic factors attract eosinophils in loco and cause　tissue　eosinophilia.

０ｎ　the other hand, eosinotactic　factors are transferred to the circulating blood and

stimulate the bone marrow t(irelease eosinophils, so that blood eosinophilia is provoked.

In cases with dermatoses due to animal parasites, blood eosinophilia as well as tissue

eosinophilia may be caused directly by parasital tｏχinwithout skin destraction.

258

　　　　　　　　　　The Study of the Kgment in Retinal Pigment Epithelium*

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Masamitsu Miyamoto**

　　　The pigment epithelium of the retina of higher vertebrates ｃぴ■nsistsof a Sflぽre

　layer of cells　which have rod-shaped pigment granules in their cytoplasm and mor-

　phologically resemble the pigment-producing cells in the skinｱ melanocytes. In 1923,.

　Miescher demonstrated the presence of“ dopa oxidase ” by histochemical methods- in

　the pigment epitheliリｍ of chick･rabbit and guinea pig in the early stage of their

　embryonal development, and he suggested that dopa is ａ precursor of the pigment i血

　the retina.　Recently Miyamoto and Fitzpatick has proved that the pigment in. retinal!

　pigment epithelium shows not only “ dopa-oxidase ” but alsc　monophenoloxidase (tyrO"

　sinase) activities and they concluded the pigment is melanin. The further studies

　has been carried out in order to clarify the mechanism of the pigment fcwmatioia in.

　the retina. The homogenate of retinal pigment epithelium of the ｂｒｏｗ】cL-feathered

　chick embryo were used in this study･

　　　By the manometric studies it was found that the retinal pigmentヶepitheiium. Mas.

　strong tyrosinase activity.　L-Tyrosine, L-tyrosine ethyl ester. and LKiopa. are found

　to be active as substrates for retinal tyrosinase, whereas eatechol and p-eresol are

　inactive. By means of dialysis of the homogenate against KCN, it ｗａｓこrevealedthat;

this enzyme is copper-binding protein. as is mammalian. tyrosinase･

　　　Puring the embryonal development. changes of tｈｅ･retinal tyrosinase activity wer&

　observed. On the 6th day of the embryonal age. the retinal pigment granules showed

　tyrosinase activity already and this activity was gradually increased and reached at;

　maximum on the 10th day, then rather rapid fallof the acti▽itywas noted after」2th day.

　　　One of the interesting findings in the substrate speifidty of retinal tyrosinase is that

　it was able to oxidize L-leucyl-L-tyrosine and glycyl-L-tyrosine just十as rapidly as

　L-tyrosine.　Paperchromatographic analysis displayed the eo-eχistence of peptidase

　with tyrosinase in the pigment epithelium. Peptidase in combination with tyrtsdnase

　might play an important role in the pigment formation by eontroUing ａ supply of the

　substrate, tyrosine, to the enzyme. tyrosinase.

　　　The mechanism of the formation of the pigment in retinal pigment epithelium

　was discussed comparing with that in melanoma. The similarities between the bioche-

　mical behavior of retinal tyrosinase and melanoma tyrosinase were pointed out.

　＊

＊＊

Full-length report: Japanese section pp. 1667～1675

From the Department of Dermatology （Ｅχ･Director: Prof. K. Kitamura, Director:

Prof. T. Kawatnura), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo.

259

　　　　　　　　　Electron Microscopy study of Pathogenic Fungi゛゜

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Harukuni Drabe and Susumu Nakano*゜゛゜

　　The morphology of pathogenic fungi, especially of trichophyton and Candida was

studied　by　an　electron　microscope. The　form and　appearance　of the fungi, their

internal structure. the morphological transformation in the stage of growth and re-

production and the destruction of the fungi　by　fungistatics　were　observed, and　the

correlation between the findings of these observations and the treatment of fungous

disease was discussed.

　　The　outer　wall　of the cells　of trichophyton is　rougher than　that　of　Candida

(Fig. 3-6). In case of budding the cytoplasm of the mother cells transfers to the

budding part of the cell wall. The nature of cytoplasm varies　with　the　age of the

cells forming vacuolation, and in old cells the structure of cellular elements becomes

obscure, reducing the thickness of the cell wall.

　　The cells of trichophyton which parasite in the scales are remarkably different

from that of cultured ones. The cell wall of the former is very strong and thick

and the internal structure is cl!aracteristic (Fig. 10).

　　The connection of the mother cells and daughter cells which were produced by

cellular division is compact and there is no communication. ０ｎ the other hand, ill

case of budding, there was seen some communication in the early stage of budding

between　these two cells, and the connection is looser than the former.　By the

separation of the budded cells. the mother cells lose the cell wall partly.

　　The morphological change of the fungi by fungistatics appeared as the form of

plasmolysis independent of the kind of the drugs (Fig. 20, 22, 23).　This change was

considered reverse to some extent. but when it occurs remarkably. the cells are

thought to be dead.

　　　Inaddition the technics of the electron microscopic ｅχamination of the fungi are

described.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，

　＊

＊＊

Full-le立gth report: Japanese setion pp. 1676～1690

From the Department of Dermatology (Director: Prof. Ｋ. Highchi), Faculty of

Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka.

260

The Effect of Repeated Subcultures of Candida Albicans strains

　　　　　　　　　ontheir Absorptive Capacity of Ｄｙｅ゛

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Kei Hayashi**

　　Miura and Kusunoki reported that the pathogenicity of Candida albicans will be

determinable by means of investigating its absorptive capacity of crystal violet. For

the purpose of confirming this concept Inoue carried out the same experiment using

20 dyes of eight groups and concluded that between tりｅstrains isolated either from

ａ lesion or morbid materials and that isolated from feces of healthy human, including

two strains isolated from unknown source in the latter group. the distinct difference

of absorptive capacity of dyes which were adc!ed in Sabouraud's glucose agar slant

at the dilution 10/3×10-6 of crystal violet, !O/2×10－6 of gentian violet, 1×10－５ of methyl

violet, 10/3×10-6 of pyoktanine blue, 1×10－６ of malachite green, and 1×10-４ of methyl

green or 1χ10-５ ０ｆauramine, was observed. but on the other 13 dyes this character-･

istic　was　not found. An attention, however, was paid because the range of concent-

ration of dye to cause such phenomena in both group of strains is within narrow limits.

　　Therefore, in order to ｅχamine whether such phenomena are affected by the

conditions of culture, the author carried out an ｅχperiment using the same strains

and the same culture media added dyes which Inous used in his test. The strain was

cultured on Sabouraud's glucose agar slant at 27°Ｃ and after formation of mycelial

coat it was stored at 3°Ｃ士or ten days and then it was subcultured under the same

condition repeatedly till tenth generation. The dyes used in the present experiment

were ２０ of eight groups such as triphenylmethane. diphenylmethane, monoazo, disazo。

azine, thiazine, oxazine　and　xanthene　and the　strains were 19 of 6 species such as

14 strains of Ｃ. albicans, of them 6 strains isolated from ａ lesion or morbid materials

(Group I), 6 isolated from fecess of healthy human (Group II) and ２ isolated from

unknown sources (Group Ill), and one strain each of Ｃ. guilliermondi, C. tropicalis.

C. parakrusei, C. stellatoidea and Ｃ， pseudotropicalis. The method of experiment

was such that ａ strain cultured at 27°Ｃ　for　10　days　was　inoculated on Sabourand's

glucose agar slant　added　dye in two　parallel　lines　and　stored in　an incubator　of

37°Ｃ for 3 days, after taking out from the incubator it was kept in room temper-

ature ； and observation was made on its absorptive capacity of dye on 7th, 14th, 21st

and 28th day respectively. The results are summarized as follows :－

　　Some differences of the degree of absortive scapacity of dye between the group ！

　＊　Full-lengthreport: Japanese section pp. 1691～1704

＊＊　From the Departnent of Dermatology (Director: Prof. ０. Miura), Nihon University

　　　Schoolof］Medicine.

2肘

and II or Ill of C. albicans strains were observed on culture media to which crystal violet

was added　at　the　dilution　10/3×10"^ gentian　violet　at　10/2×10-≪, methyl　violet　at

10/2×~^, and pyoktanine blue at 10/3×io-≪ 0ｒ 10/4×10-6 respectively, but　distinct d近-

erences such as Inoue reported were not observed. When malachite green or auramine

was　added, no difference　ｏｆ･absorptive capacity　of dye was found between group ｌ

and II or 111.０ｎ strains of other species of Candida the same results were obtained。

As Inoue observed, the author could　not find　any difference　of　absorptive　capacity

on　dyes　between　group　I, II, and Ill of C. albicans strains, such as on janus green

of monoazo group, trypane blue, Congo red and Bismarck brown of diazo group.

safratiine-0　and neutral red of azine group, methylen blue, azur l and toluidine blue

of thiazine group. Nile blue and brilliant cresyl blue　of oxazine　and phloxine　and

cotton blue of xanthene group｡

　　　In conclusion, the author could not confirm the results　of Miura　and　Kusunoki

or those of Inoue because the absorpt!ve capacity of dye of Ｃ. albicans isolated either

from ａ lesion or morbid materials or from feces of healthy human fluctuates during

repeated　subcultures, so　that　the　d迂ference　of　absorptive　capacity of dye between

the groups of Ｃ. albicans strains becomes obscure.

262

　Studies on Thiamine Metabolisn in Various Diseases of the Skin

Part IV. Studies on Thiamine Metabolism in Infants with Eczema*

by

　　　　　　　　　　　Katsu Takenouchi, Kazuo Aso, Shinichi Mitsuhashi

　　　　　　　　　Shoji Okamoto, Takashi Katayama and Akira Utsumi**

　　(1) As preliminaries of studies on thiamine metabolism in infants with eczema,

measurements were made of thiamine levels in the breast milk, early morning urine

and blood in １５infants in ａ nursery home and in　３２　normal　and healthy infants

undergoing periodic physical examinations at ａ health center, who served as controls.

Urine thiamine levels were also estimated by using a test dose method. The results

of these investigations show that ａ thiamine level in the breast milk fed to healthy

infants was 14.6 7/di. in average; that thiamine levels in the early morning urine of

breast-fed infants were ６7/dl.～5 7/dl. in 2 infants, 5 y/dl.～2.5 7/dl. in 4 infants, 2,5 7/dl.

～1 7/dl. in 2 infants and ０ 7/dl. in l infant ； that thiamine levels in the early morning

urine of infants fed on both breast and ｃｏｗ゛ｓmilk and infants fed on cow's milk

alone were over 30 y/di. in l infant. 30 -y/di.～20 7/d1， in 3 infant. 20 7/dl.～10 -y/dl.

in 3 i�ants and 10 7/dl.～5 7/dl. in l infant ； that thiamine levels in the early morning

urine　of　infants　in　the　process　of　being　weaned were　over 30 7/dl. in 2 infants,

30 -y/dl.～20 7/dl. in 4 infants, 20 r/di.～5 -y/dl.in 2 infants and ５ 7/dl.～2.5 7/dl. in 3

infants; and that a blood thiamine level was ６.1 -y/dl.in average.

　　In view of the results of investigations by ａ test dose method as well as of the

results　of studies described above, it has been　revealed　that ａ healthy infant fed

心n breast milk containing more than １０7/dl. 0f thiamine, a breast-fed infant with ａ

thiamine level of over 1 -y/dl.in the early morning urine, an infant fed on ａ combina-

tion of breast milk with cow's milk or an infant in the process of being weaned with

.ａ thiamine level of over 2.5 7/dl. in the early morning urine and an infant with ａ

blood thiamine level of over 5 7/dl. may be classified as having normal thiamine

metabolism.

　　(2)Ｂｙ using the various levels described　above as standards　of　comparison.

thiamine metabolism in infants with eczema was investigated.

　　a) Thiamine levels in the breast milk fed t0 39 infants with eczema ranged from

４.8 ■y/di.t0 29.4 7/dl･， with the average of 15.42 7/dl.　Six infants with eczema, or 15%,

fed on breast milk were lower in thiamine level than １０7/dl.

　＊

＊＊

Fｕ】1-lengthreport: Japanese section pp. 1705～1723　　　　　　　　　　　　　　-'

From the Department of Dermato-Urology (Director:　Prof. K. Takenouchi), School

０ｆMedicine, Chiba University, Chiba.

263

　　b) Blood thiamine levels investigated in ３４mothers of infants with eczema ranged

from ３.0 7/dl. t0 12.0 7/d1。 with the average of 5.9 r/ldl.　Those with low blood thiamine

levels were ６ mothers, or 18％｡

　　c) Blood thiamine levels estimated in 19 infants with eczema ranged from ２.8■y/dL

to 15.6 -y/dl･，with the average of 7.03 7/dl.　Five infants with eczema, or 26 %, showed

blood thiamine levels lower than normal｡

　　d) Thiamine levels in the early morning urine were estimated in the following

infants　with eczema : 18 breast-fed infants. 10 infants fed on both breast and cow's

milk, 7 infants in the process of being weaned and ３叫fants fed on cow's milk. Breast-

fed　infants and　infants fed on cow's milk showed normal values, while　40% of

infants fed on both breast and cow's milk and 43% of infants in the process of being

weaned showed values lower than normal｡

　　e) The increase of the weight was slower in infants with eczema than in healthy

infants。

　　Overall　results　of　investigations　show that　21％　of infants with eczema had

abnormal thiamine metabolism. It is noteworthy that in infants with eczema, the

decreased or increased rate of thiamine metabolism most often occurred　4， 5,6,7 and

８ months and after birth when they are supposed to be in the process of. ０ｒimme-

diately before, being weaned.

264

Studies on ¶Ehiamine Metabolism in Various Diseases of the Skin

　　Part Ｖ. Histochemical studies on Thiamine in the Skin*

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　KatsuTakenouchi, Kazuo Aso and Takashi Katayama**

　　　By using a histochemical method, we carried out experiments to determine whether

thiamine is present in vrious parts of the skin。It was shown that thiamine is present

in the epithelium, corium and appendages of the skin｡

　　　The pieces of the skin tissue kept in 100% alcohol for 24 hours were dehydrated,

embedded in non-fluorescent paraffin and sliced into thin sections, 7 t0 8μthick, by a

microtome knife.　After paraffin was removed with benzene, the thin sections were

washed with 100%　alcohol and non-fluorescent butyl alcohol to be freed　of blind

fluorescence. After drops of ａ mixture of 4% potassium ferricyanide and 40 % caustic

soda in equal amounts were allowed to fall on them, they were　washed with water

and enveloped in glycerine. Then　the　specimens were studied with fluorescent micro･・

scope to determine thiamine by measuring violet red fluorescence of thiochrome formed｡

　　　Thiamine was found to be located in the epithelium, sweat glands, and hair　follicles；

it was found all over in the horny and prickle layers of the epithelium. It appeared

that thiamine　was accumulated in the cytoplasm of the cells as well as in the inter-

cellular space.　Thiamine was also detected in the collagen　and elastin of the corium,

the　wall　0f　the　blood　vessels, the hair follicles.the sweat glands and the sebaceous

glands. The sweat glands and hair follicleswere the most rich in thiamine｡

　　　Thiamine　in　the　hair　follicles was　distributed in ａ peculiar　fashion as follows :

Henle's　layer≧the　corteχ>Huxley's layer≧the ｍａtｒiｘ＞tｈｅouter root sheathにIt

appeared that thiamine might concern in keratinization, its distribution resembling

that of　-SH. The fact that there were ａ lot of thiamine in the skin rich in the

pigmented granules may indicate that there isａ close relation between the formation

between the formation of the pigment and the presence of thiamiiie.

　＊　Full-】eugthereport: Japanese section pp. 1724～1731

＊＊　From the　Department　of Dermato-Urology (Director: Prof. K. Takenouchi), School

　　　　ofMedicine, Chiba University, Chiba.

　　　　studieson Thiamine Metabolism in Various Diseases of the Skin

Par VI. Thiamine in Relation to th≪ Growth of Hair, with Special Reference

　　　　　tothe Relation between Pigment and Thiamine in the Hair*

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　KazuoＡｓｏ゛゜゛゛

265

　　1) The　author's　attention has been　called to the fact that rats and rabbits fed

on ａ diet deficientin thiamine　show some changes in　the　hair. It　was presumed that

thiamine might be concerned in the development and growth of the hair and that

deficiency in thiamine might cause disturbance of keratinization of the hair｡

　　2) By measuring thiamine in the black hair quantitatively, the author detected

ａ　large　amount　of free　thiamine in it（35～80 7/100 gm. in man).　Free thiamine

detected in the gray hair of man and the white hair of rabbits and guinea pigs was

approximately 10 7/100 gmパｎ amoutnt.　It may be supposed that this marked difference

of thiamine content indicates that thiamine is concerned in the formation of the

pigment in the　hair｡

　　3) Fluorescent microscopy examinations of the hair　follicle　showed that there

was thiamine accumulated in the cortex which was rich in melanin pigment. This

observation　血ａｙ　be　additional　evidence　for　the　possible role of thiamine in the

formation of the pigment｡

　　4）Ｂｙ adding varying amount of thiamine to tyrosine tyrosinase system, the author

carried out studies on the influence of thiamine on the formation of of hallachrome.

The influence of thiamine was determined by ａ method based on the density of red

color　developed and the　time elapsed before the　pigment has　been formedレ The

direct influence of thiamine on melanogenesis was not observed｡

　　5）Ｔｈｅ peculiar menner in which thiamine was distributed in various portions

of the hair follicle has suggested that thiamine may be concerned in keratinization。

It seemed likely that thiamine found in the gray hair of men and the white hair of

rabbits and guinea pigs might have something to do with the process of keratinization.

Thiamine was detected, though small in amount. in the horn of cattle.the rudimentary

t０６０ｆhorses. the feather of chickens and the scales shed from the skin of persons

with psoriasis.

　＊

＊＊

Full-lengthreport: Japanese sectionpp. 1732～1741

From the Department of Dermato-Urology (Director: Prof.Ｋ. Takenouchi), School

０ｆMedicine, Chiba University,Chiba,

266

　　　　　　studies on Thiamine Metabolism in Various Diseases of the Skin

　　　　　　　　　Part VII. Qualitative Estimation of ¶rhiamine in the Ｓｋｉが

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　by

　　　　　　　　　Katsu Takenouchi, Kazuo　Aso and Takashi Katayama゛゛゛゛

　　As previously　discussed.・disturbances of thiamine　metabolism were frequently

encountered in some diseases of the skin. Therefore qualitative study of thiamine

in the skin is the utmost important. The manner in which thiamine is distributed in 包e

epidermis, corium and hair follicles etc. was discussed in the previous paper (part

Ｖ）.　The Auther's intention in this paper is directed to the qualitative estimation of

those thiamine we had inentified in those layers and appendages of the skin. By

using　newly　improved　homogeneizer―a　reformed　boring　lathe―the　difficulty　of

extraction of thiamine from the skin―grinding the skin into pieces―was dissolved.

The amount of thiamine estimated was dissolved. The amount of thiamine estimated

was as follows :

　　1) As ａ preliminaryごexperiment, the amount of thiamine in experiment animals

was estimated. The amount of thiamine in the skin of pigs, guinea pigs, rabbits and

frogs was 0.5, 0.27, 0.43 and 0.54 7/gm. respectively, mostly belonging to the ester type.

Free type of it was only 0.03～0.1 -y/gm.

　　2）Ｔｈｅ amount of thiamine in the human skin―axil�ｅand abdomen―was measured

as 0.55　and 0.72 y/gm.　respectively√　The　rate　of ester type of thiamine to that of

free type has been disclosed similar to that of animals. Average !evel　of free type of

thiamine estimated was 0.04～0.05 -y/gm.

　　3）Ｔｈｅ　amounnt　of thiamine　in various layers of the skin was estimated. The

membrane of cantharis blister and epidermis peeled by ａ dermatome were considered

as epidermal portions, and　ａ　kelloid tumor was used　as section　of the connective

tissue of the corium. By peeling off the corium as close to the epidermis　as possible,

the lower part of the corium as well as hair folliclesand sweat glands were considered

to be collected. The amount of thiamine thus estimated in various layers of the skin

was as follows :

　　1， A11 layers of the skin ；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0.93～0.827/gm.

　　2，　Epidermis ；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0.82～0.897/gm.

　　3.　Upper part of the corium ；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0.73～0.76 7/gm.

　　4.　Lower part of the corium ；　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　0.97～1.01-y/gm.　　　＼

　　The rate of thiamine found in the epidermis, upper part of the corium, and lower

part of the corium 辿ｕｓbecame ８: 7 : 10.

　＊　Full-】engthreport: Japanese sectionpp. 1742～1749　　・

＊＊IFrom the Department of Dermato-Urology (Director:　Prof.K. Takenouchi), School

　　　ofMedicine, Chiba University,Ghiba.