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慢性阻塞性肺病Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Speaker: 马圣念
屠瑾 夏金欢
How we breathe?
• 上呼吸道以环状软骨为分界
• 口、鼻、咽、喉只是通道
• 最容易发生感染的地方
How we breathe?
• 我们叫它气管树(Bronchial Tree)
• 它仍然只是通道
• COPD的病变处
How we breathe?
• 呼吸道的终末部位
• 进行气体交换
• COPD可以通过代偿引起它的形态学改变
How we breathe?
How we breathe?
What is COPD?
慢性阻塞性肺疾病,使得气流进出肺部阻力增加,气道对有害物质产生异常发炎反应,引起多种呼吸症状的疾病。通常包括肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、部份的慢性气喘病况等
What is COPD?
• 肺气肿
• 慢性支气管炎
• 部份的慢性气喘
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease includes emphysema and
chronic bronchitis characterized
by bronchospasm and dyspnea.
COPD: Signs & Symptoms
• 复发性感染
• 慢性的咳嗽咳痰
• 呼吸时伴哮鸣声
• 需要用力呼吸
• 胸闷
• 吸烟:肺部弹性回缩力功能下降
• 感染:下呼吸道感染
• 气候:气管收缩吸入干冷的空气
• 遗传
How can that be?
How can that be?
Healthy Damaged
How can that be?
我们拿针筒来做个小实验(口香糖、针头)
How to diagnosis?
How to diagnosis?
• 肺功能测试,夹鼻,含吸管,用最大的力气快速且完整的吐气
• 肺活量,第一秒吐气量(FEV1)以及吐气速度,从而了解是否有气流阻塞的现象
What can we do?
慢性阻塞性肺病是消耗性疾病COPD: A catabolic “wasting” disease
COPD: Carbohydrates
• CHO produce the
most CO2 during
metabolism
• CHO should be
40% of intake
• Complex CHO best
COPD:
Fats and Proteins
• Need at least 30%
of calories from
fat, whole dairy
encouraged
• Need 30% from
protein
COPD:
Fruits and Vegetables
• Antioxidants
• Vitamin C
• Calcium, Vitamin D
• Phosphorus
Respiratory function
training
缩唇呼吸:通过缩唇形成微弱阻力来延长呼气时间,增加气道压力,延缓气道塌陷。
吸气与呼气时间比为1:2或1:3
Focus on complications
Pulmonary heart disease
Secondary infection
刷牙很重要,一天不刷牙你的嘴巴里面将会布满了恶心的细菌,这些细菌对于免疫力不好的人来说..
根本就是颗定时炸弹
研究已经证实可以降低呼吸
器相关肺炎(VAP)Adapted from Chest 2009; 136: 433-9.
Focus on prevention
Recommended exercise
可以确信,游泳可以使你的肺足够的强壮。
Quite Smoking
Wayne McLaren Maureen Hamilton
Quite Smoking
Wayne McLaren Maureen Hamilton
Please do not smoke!
Thank you
for attention
马圣念