27th November 1095 Pope Urban II(p. 1088-99) preaches the First Crusadeat Clermont.

Sep/Oct 1096 Peasants’ Crusade annihilatedby Saljuqs of Rum.

End 1097 “Official” crusading armies reachConstantinople, make agreement withByzantine emperor, and are shipped acrossBosphorus.

Timeline

Timeline

1097-1109 Crusaders defeat Saljuqs of Rumand Danishmendids, take over much of coast.Crusaders set up states at Antioch, Edessa,Tripoli and Jerusalem.

1105 Kitab al-Jihad (Book of the HolyWar) dictated in public by ‘Ali ibnTahir al-Sulami (1039-1106).

Timeline

1119 Ilghazi of Mardin defeats count ofAntioch at Battle of Balat, a.k.a. AgerSanguinis (Field of Blood).

1127 ‘Imad al-Din Zangi (r. 1027-46) appointedatabeg (military regent) of Mosul. In followingyears usurps power, takes Aleppo and expandsholdings elsewhere but fails to take Damascus.Also directs attacks against crusader states.

1144 Zangi takes Edessa.

1146 Zangi murdered by slave.

1146-49 Reign of Sayf al-Din (at Mosul).

1146-74 Reign of Nur al-Din.

Timeline

Word List Timeline

madrasa(religious college)

Sufi (Muslimmystic)

1148 Nur al-Din helpsfoil crusader attack onDamascus.

1154 Nur al-Din takesDamascus andconsolidates hold onSyria.

Timeline

1160s Struggle for control over Egypt.

1169 Asad al-Din Shirkuh becomes vizier ofEgypt, dies a few weeks later. Succeededby nephew, Salah al-Din Yusuf (Saladin).

1169-93 Reign of Saladin.

1171 Saladin abolishes Fatimid caliphateafter death of caliph al-‘Adid (r. 1166-71).

Timeline

1174 Death of Nur al-Din. Saladin takesDamascus.

1183 Saladin takes Aleppo.

1186 Mosul recognises Saladin’s authority.

1187 Saladin destroys crusader field army atHattin. Soon takes much of crusader territory,including Jerusalem.

Timeline

1189 Richard I arrives in Levant.

1189-92 Richard and Saladinfight each other to a standstill.

Sept 1192 Peace agreementmade. Richard leaves Levant.

3rd March 1193 Death of Saladin.

Timeline

1204 Crusaders take Constantinople, set upLatin states in Greece. Crusaders rule inConstantinople until 1261.

1218 Crusaders attack Egypt.

1219 Crusaders take Damietta. Al-Kamil(r. 1218-38) offers to return Jerusalem, but isrefused.

July 1221 Crusaders driven from Egypt.

Frederick II Yolanda

1228 Frederick II arrives in Levant.

1229 Frederick negotiates handoverof Jerusalem.

Timeline

Timeline

1244 Khwarazmians take Jerusalem.

1246 Al-Salih (r. 1240-49) has Khwarazmiansannihilated.

1249 Louis IX attacks Egypt, takes Damietta.Begins advance on Cairo.Al-Salih dies of illness in his tent…

Usama ibn Munqidh (1095-1188)

Kitab al-I‘tibar(Book of Learning by Example)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Jami‘ al-Nuri, Hama, Syria (bt. 1162-63). Plan. (Carole Hillenbrand,The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: EdinburghUniversity Press, 1999), p. 129.)

Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minaret. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: IslamicPerspectives, p. 140.)

Jami‘ al-Nuri. Inscriptions. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades:Islamic Perspectives, pp. 125-26 - two slides.)

Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minbar. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades:Islamic Perspectives, p. 157.)

Great Mosque, Aleppo (restored 1169-70). Courtyard. (A)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Great Mosque, Aleppo. Minaret. (A)

Great Mosque, Aleppo. Mihrab and minbar. (A)

Great Mosque, Aleppo. Interior of Sanctuary. (A)

Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din (1172). Plan. (A)

Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Interior of muqarnas dome. (A)

Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Exterior of muqarnas dome. (A)

Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Muqarnas domes. (A)

Entrance to the citadel of Aleppo, built by the famous Salahal-Din (Saladin, r. 1137-1193). (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Marble water basin. Egypt, 13th c. (Niall Christie, PersonalCollection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/waterbasin.jpg>.)

Door knocker. Bronze. AD 1200. Aleppo. al-Madrasaal-Shadhabakhtiyya. 15.5cm. (F)

Mystery object! Bronze. AD 1200. Damascus. (F)

Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. Plan. (F)

Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. interior. (F)

Yirli Mosque - old Byzantine church. Antalya, Turkey. 1230. (F)

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Front view. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of Minaret. (F)

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Portal. (F)

Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of Cifte Minarefaçade. (F)

Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of portal. (F)

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Carved motif. (F)

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Interior courtyard. (F)

Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Interior courtyard andarcade of Cifte Minare Madrasa, detail of columns. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Gok Medrese, exterior. Sivas, Turkey. 1271. (F)

Ince Minare Madrasa (1258). (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam(London: Paul Hamlyn, 1966), p. 79.)

Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). 1256. Façade and pishtaq. (F)

Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1266. Detail of façade.(F)

Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1267. Detail ofentrance façade. (F)

Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1268. Detail. (F)

Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey. 1251. Façade. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Dome of Karatay Madrasa. (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam, p. 78.)

Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey. 1251/2. Qur’anic inscription:Al ‘Imran. (F)

Turbe (tomb-mausoleum) of Hatun Hanien, daughter of Sultan AlaeddinKay-Qubad I. 1237. (F)

Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross, 915-21), Aktamar Island, Turkey.(BBC News: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/>.)

Tomb of Halima Khatun, 1335. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art andArchitecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 118.)

Hudavent Hatun turbe Nigde. 1312. Anatolia. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Detail of turbe of Hudavent Hatun. 1312. Anatolia. (F)

Detail of Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross), Aktamar Island, Turkey.(BBC News: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/>.)

Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia (1229). Detail of portal. (F)

Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia. Ceremonial gateway. Caravanseraiwith Corinthian capitals and zigzag columns. 1229. (F)

Ceramic mihrab: Arslanhane Mosque. Ankara. Seljuq period. 13th c. (F)

Decorated vase. Ceramic. 12th c. H = 19.5cm; D = 15.2cm. Lebanon. (F)

Bowl with hare. Ceramic. AD 1200. Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi. 23 x 11 cm.(F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Bowl with two women. Faience. AD 1200. Hama. 26 x 6.5 cm. (F)

A Syrian healing bowl allegedly made for Mahmud ibn Zanki, or the“son of Zangi, also known as Nur al-Din,” ruler of Damascusfrom 1147-1174. 12th c. (F)

Blacas Ewer: brass hammered inlaid silver and copper. Mosul. 1232. (F)

Detail of the Blacas Ewer. Brass, with silver and copper inlay. Mosul.1232. “al-Mausili”. (F)

Detail of the interior of the so-called “d’Arenberg Basin”, showing whatappears to be Christian saints. Syria. c. 1240s. Brass inlaid.9” high. (F)

Object List

F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Tapestry-woven tiraz fragment attached to linen. Egypt. Second half ofthe 12th c. (F)

Silk fabric. Turkey. 1219-37. (F)

Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Niall Christie,Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/quranstand1.jpg>.)

Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al.,Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern,2001), p. 60.)