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8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
1/15
2G SPECTURM SCAM
Introduction:
The 2Gspectrumscandal involved officials in the government of India illegally undercharging mobile
telephonycompanies forfrequency allocationlicenses, which they would use to create2Gsubscriptions
forcell phones. The shortfall between the money collected and the money which the law mandated to be
collected is estimated to be 176,645crore(US$38.86 billion) as valued byComptroller and Auditor
General of Indiabased on3G and BWA spectrum auctionprices which held in 2010. However the exact
loss is disputed,Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)pegged the loss at 30,984.55crore(US$6.82
billion) in its first charge sheet filed on 2 April 2011, whereas Telecom Regulatory Authority of Indiain a
response to CBI's query said that the Govt. has actually gained 3,000crore(US$660 million) by selling
the spectrum.Kapil Sibal,minister for communications & IT, said in a press conference that there was no
loss caused by selling 2G licenses.
[3]
However in September 2011, CBI argued before the Supreme Courtthat it was unsafe to read a "no loss" conclusion in the telecom regulator's calculations on irregular
spectrum allotment as the methodology adopted admittedly did not take into account the market
mechanism.All the speculations of profit, loss and no-loss were put to rest when on 2 February 2012
theSupreme Court of Indiadelivered judgement. The Supreme Court declared the allotment of spectrum
as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" and quashed all the 122 licenses issued during tenure of A. Raja, the
main accused in the 2G scam case.The court further said thatA. Raja"wanted to favour some companies
at the cost of the public exchequer" and "virtually gifted away important national asset".
The issuing of licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when the Indian Income Tax
Department was investigating political lobbyistNira Radia. The government's investigation and the
government's reactions to the findings in the investigation were the subject of debate, as were the nature
of the Indian media's reactions. Much of the credit of bringing this whole scam into the public light (by
pursuing it in the court of law) goes toSubramanian Swamywho is the chief petitioner for this case in the
court of law.
Background
India is divided into 22 telecoms zones and there are a total 281 zonal licences in the market. According
to the telecom policy of India, when a licence is allotted to an operator some start-up spectrum is bundled
along with it. The policy does not have a provision for auctioning the spectrum. In year 2008, 122
newsecond generation (2G)Universal Access Service (UAS) licenses were given to telecom companies
at the price of 2001 and on first come first serve basis. As per the chargesheet filled by Central Bureau of
Investigation (CBI)several rules were violated and bribes were paid to favour certain firms while awarding
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Telecom_Spectrum_Auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Telecom_Spectrum_Auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Telecom_Spectrum_Auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Sibalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Sibalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Sibalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanian_Swamyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanian_Swamyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanian_Swamyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subramanian_Swamyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapil_Sibalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Regulatory_Authority_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Telecom_Spectrum_Auctionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_spectrum8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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2G spectrum licenses. The audit report ofComptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)says that
several licenses were issued to firms with no prior experience in the telecom sector or were ineligible or
had suppressed relevant facts. In November 2007Prime Minister of IndiaDr Manmohan Singhhad
written a letter to telecom minister A. Raja directing him to ensure allotment of 2G spectrum in a fair and
transparent manner and to ensure license fee was properly revised. Raja wrote back to the Prime
Minister rejecting many of his recommendations.. In the same monthMinistry of Financewrote a letter
toDepartment of Telecommunications (DOT)raising concerns over the procedure adopted by it
butDOTwent ahead with its plan of giving 2G licenses. It preponed the cut-off date to 25 September,
from 1 October 2007. Later on the same day, DoT posted an announcement on its website saying those
who apply between 3.30 and 4.30 pm on that very day would be issued licences in accordance with the
said policy. Companies like Unitech & Swan Telecom got licenses without any prior telecom
experience. Swan Telecom got the license even though it did not meet eligibility criteria. Swan got license
for 1,537crore(US$338.14 million) and then it sold 45% stake to UAE based companyEtisalatfor
4,200crore(US$924 million). Unitech Wireless, a subsidiary of theUnitech Group, got license for1,661crore(US$365.42 million) and later sold 60% stake for 6,200crore(US$1.36 billion) to Norway
based companyTelenor.
Following is the list of companies who got the 122 2G licenses during the tenure of A. Rajaas Telecom
Minister. (The licenses were later quashed by Supreme Court)
Name of
Company
Telecom regions for
which license was
granted
Number
of
license
granted
Remarks
Adonis Projects
Pvt. Ltd.
Haryana, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh
(East)
6
Adonis Projects, Nahan Properties, Aska
Projects, Volga Properties, Azare Properties
& Hudson Properties were acquired
byUnitech. Unitech Infrastructure and
Unitech Builders & Estates were already
subsidiaries ofUnitech Group. So in
2008Unitechhad 22 2G licenses. Later in
the same year Norway basedcompanyTelenorbought majority stake in
the telecom company from theUnitech
Group. Now it offers services
underUninorbrand holding 22 pan India
licences.
Nahan Properties
Pvt. Ltd.
Assam, Bihar, North East,
Orissa, Uttar Pradesh
(East), West Bengal
6
Aska Projects
Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,
Karnataka3
Volga Properties
Pvt. Ltd.
Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_India8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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Azure Properties
Ltd.Kolkata 1
Hudson
PropertiesDelhi 1
Unitech Builders
& Estates Pvt.
Ltd.
Tamil Nadu (including
Chennai)1
Unitech
Infrastructures
Pvt. Ltd.
Mumbai 1
Loop Telecom
Pvt. Ltd.
Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal,
Pradesh, Kerala, Kolkata,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar
Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,
Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil
Nadu (including Chennai),
Assam, Jammu & Kashmir,
Madhya Pradesh, North
East
21
Datacom
Solutions Pvt.
Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Assam,
Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu
& Kashmir, Karnataka,
Kerala, Kolkata, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra,
North East, Orissa,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu
(including Chennai), Uttar
Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), West
Bengal, Delhi, Mumbai
21Operates under brand nameVideocon
Telecommunications Limited
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobile8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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Shyam TelelinkLimited
Madhya Pradesh, Kerala,
Kolkata, Punjab, Uttar
Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), West
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil
Nadu (including Chennai),
Assam, Jammu & Kashmir,
North East
17
Shyam Telelink Limited & Shyani Telelink
Limited operate together with their combined
21 licenses. During late 2008 Russia based
groupSistemabought majority stake in the
telecom company and now they operate
under brand nameMTS India.
Shyani Telelink
Limited
Mumbai, Bihar, Gujarat,
Himachal Pradesh4
Swan Telecom
Pvt. Ltd.
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
Haryana, Karnataka,
Kerala, Maharashtra,
Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu (including Chennai),
Uttar Pradesh (East), Uttar
Pradesh (West), Delhi,
Mumbai
13
In 2008, Swan Telecom merged itself with
Allianz Infratech (P) Ltd. During late 2008
Abu Dhabi'sEtisalatbought about 45 percent
of the company and renamed it toEtisalat
DB Telecom
Allianz Infratech(P) Ltd.
Bihar, Madhya Pradesh 2
Idea Cellular
Assam, Punjab, Karnataka,
Jammu and Kashmir,
North East, Kolkata, West
Bengal, Orissa, Tamil
Nadu (including Chennai)
9 Idea CellularboughtSpice Communications
Ltd.in 2008 for an amount of
2,700crore(US$594 million). So out of 122
spectrum licenses sold in 2008Idea
Cellularowns 13 licensesSpice
Communications
Ltd.
Delhi, Andhra Pradesh,
Haryana, Maharashtra 4
S Tel
Assam, Jammu and
Kashmir, Orissa, North
East, Bihar, Himachal
6
In January 2009,Bahrain
Telecommunicationssigned a deal withS
Telto buy 49% shares in S Tel for $225
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporation#Etisalat_.E2.80.93_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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Pradesh million.C Sivasankaranowns the remaining
(51%) share.. In May 2009,Sahara
Groupbought 11.7% stake inS Tel
Tata
Teleservices
Jammu and Kashmir,
Assam, North East3
In late 2008 promoters ofTata
Teleservicessold 26% equity stake to a
Japanese telecom giantNTT Docomofor
about 13,070crore(US$2.88 billion) or an
enterprise value of
50,269crore(US$11.06 billion).
Parties accused of involvement
The selling of the licenses brought attention to three groups of entities politicians and bureaucrats who
had the authority to sell licenses, corporations who were buying the licenses and media professionals
who mediated between the politicians and the corporations.
[Politicians accused
Politicians named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special CBI Court ,allegations
levelled against them by CBI and charges framed against them by the Special CBI court.
A. Raja:
Political career - Political partyDMK, 4 timesMP, present constituencyNilgiris,Tamil Nadu,
former Union Minister of State (Rural Development - 1999), former Union Minister of State
(Health and Family Welfare - 2003), former Union Cabinet Minister (Environment & Forests -
2004), former Union Cabinet Minister (Communication and Information Technology - 2007 &
2009)
Allegation - In a joint investigation report prepared byCentral Bureau of Investigation
(CBI)andEnforcement Directorate (ED)the agencies allege that A.Raja could have received
3,000crore(US$660 million) as bribe for bringing forward the cut-off date for applications for
spectrum from the initial 1 October 2007 to 25 September 2007.The deadline switch eliminatedmany applications, enabling Raja to favour a few with spectrum.The agencies also alleged that
he used bank accounts under his wife's name in Mauritius and Seychelles to chanelise the
kickbacks he received. A chargesheet filed by CBI alleges that Raja conspired with the accused,
subverted the first-come first-served (FCFS) policy and waywardly redefined it to ensure that
Swan and Unitech got 2G licences.He didnt auction the 2G spectrum or adopt some other
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market-determined methodology to determine its real valuation and instead benchmarked it to a
rate discovered in 2001, when the telecom sector was at a nascent stage.
Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409, criminal conspiracy
under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked
under thePrevention of Corruption Actfor accepting illegal gratification Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011
and lodged inTihar Jailsince
then (as of February 2012) Never applied for bail. As of February 2012, trial is being conducted
in Special CBI Court.
M. K. Kanimozhi:
Political career - Daughter of 5 time Chief Minister ofTamil NaduM. Karunanidhi. Political
partyDMK. She is anMP, representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of
Indian Parliament).
Allegation - As per the chargesheet filed by CBI Kanimozhi has 20% stake in her family
ownedKalaignar TV, her step-mother Dayalu Ammal owns 60% stake in the same channel.CBI
alleges that Kanimozhi was an "active brain" behind the channel's operations and she worked
along with former telecom ministerA. Rajato getDB RealtypromoterShahid Balwato
circuitously route 200crore(US$44 million) toKalaignar TV. According to CBI, Kanimozhi was
in regular touch with A Raja regarding launching of Kalaignar TV channel and its other pending
works.[CBI alleges that A Raja was further pursuing the cause of Kalaignar TV not only for
getting registration of the company fromMinistry of Information and Broadcastingbut also for
getting it in theDTHoperatorTATA Sky'sbouquet.
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act..
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 20 May 2011. Granted bail on 28 November
2011 after spending 188 days in judicial custody.As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in
Special CBI Court.
Bureaucrats accused
Bureaucrats named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special CBI Court, allegations
levelled against them by CBI and charges framed against them by the Special CBI court.
Siddharth Behura :
Designation - Telecom Secretary when licenses were granted.
Allegation - According to the chargesheet filed by CBI, Behura conspired with A. Raja & several
other accused. CBI alleges that when the application deadline time was declared as between
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3:30 PM to 4:30 PM, Behura allegedly shut counters to physically block other telecom
companies.
Charges - Criminal breach of trust by a public servant under section 409, criminal conspiracy
under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and 471. Booked
under thePrevention of Corruption Actfor accepting illegal gratification. Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011 and lodged inTihar jailsince
then (as of early February 2012).Applied for bail a number of times but every time bail got
rejected. As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
RK Chandolia :
Designation Raja's private secretary when licenses were granted.
Allegation - As per the charsheet filed by CBI, like Behura, Chandolia too conspired with A. Raja
and several other accused. The agency alleges that when the application deadline time was
declared as between 3:30 PM to 4:30 PM, Chandolia along with Behura allegedly shut countersto physically block other telecom companies.
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120 B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody (arrested) by CBI on 2 February 2011.Granted bail by the special
CBI court 1 December 2011 but on 2 December 2011 High Court took suo motu notice of
newspaper reports of the bail granted to Chandolia and stayed it. Chandolia appealed against
High Court order in Supreme Court and on 2 January 2012 the apex court extended interim stay
on High Court's order.As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.[42]
[Corporate executives accused
Corporates named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI in the Special Court and charges framed
against them by the Special CBI court
Sanjay Chandra
Designation - Former MD,Unitech Wireless
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011, granted bail on 24 November 2011. As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Gautam Doshi :
Designation - Group MD,Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-Special_Court-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-Special_Court-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-Special_Court-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay_Chandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay_Chandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Anil_Dhirubhai_Ambani_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Anil_Dhirubhai_Ambani_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Anil_Dhirubhai_Ambani_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Anil_Dhirubhai_Ambani_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjay_Chandrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-Special_Court-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihar_jailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_19888/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011,granted bail on 24 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Hari Nair :
Designation - Senior Vice-President,Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471.Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011, granted bail on 24 November 2011. As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Surendra Pipara :
Designation - Senior vice- President,Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011, granted bail on 24 November 2011 As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Vinod Goenka: Designation - Promoter and Managing Director,DB Realty&Swan Telecom
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120 B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and
471, fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 April 2011, granted bail on 24 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court
Shahid Balwa:
Designation Promoter,DB Realty&Swan Telecom
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant Criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and 471
& fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act.[25]
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 8 February 2011,,granted bail on 29 November 2011.As
of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
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Asif Balwa(younger brother ofShahid Balwa) :
Designation Director, Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and 471
& fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked underPrevention of Corruption Act Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 29 March 2011, granted bail on 28 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Rajiv Agarwal :
Designation - Director, Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and
471, fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked underPrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 29 March 2011,granted bail on 28 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Sharath Kumar
Designation Managing Director,Kalaignar TV
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and 471
& fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked underPrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 20 May 2011,granted bail on 28 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Ravi Ruia:
Designation - Vice Chairman,Essar Group
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under section 420 of Indian
Penal Code.
Status - Not taken into custody as yet.As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.
Anshuman Ruia :
Designation - Diector,Essar Group
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under section 420 of Indian
Penal Code.
Status - Not taken into custody as yet. As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.
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Vikas Saraf :
Designation - Director for strategy and planning, Essar Group
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under section 420 of Indian
Penal Code.
Status - Not taken into custody as yet. As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in SpecialCBI Court.
IP Khaitan :
Designation - Promotor,Loop Telecom
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under section 420 of Indian
Penal Code.
Status - Not taken into custody as yet.As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court
Kiran Khaitan :
Designation - Promotor,Loop Telecom
Charges - Criminal conspiracy under section 120 B & cheating under section 420 of Indian
Penal Code.
Status - Not taken into custody as yet. As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special
CBI Court.
FILM AND ENTERTAINMENT PERSONS ACCUSED
Karim Morani :
Designation - (Promoter and Director, Cineyug Films)
Allegation - In the chargesheet filed by CBI the agency alleged that Karim Morani owned
Cineyug Films was a part of the circuitous route used by another accuse Shahid Balwato
transfer illegal gratification of 200crore(US$44 million) toKalaignar TVof which Kanimozhi,
was a director.According to the chargesheet,Shahid BalwaandVinod Goenka, promoters ofDB
Realtytransferred 209.25crore(US$46.04 million) to Kusegaon Fruits and Vegetables of which
Shahid Balwa's younger brother Asif Balwa was a director.Kusegaon Fruits & Vegetables then
transferred a sum of 200crore(US$44 million) to Cineyug Films whose promoter Karim Morani
transferred it toKalaignar TV
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and
471, fabrication of evidence under section 193. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - Taken into custody by CBI on 30 May 2011,granted bail on 28 November 2011.As of
February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Goenkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Goenkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Goenkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB_Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Goenkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalaignar_TVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid_Balwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Codehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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CORPORATIONS ACCUSED
Companies named in the chargesheet filed by Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in the Special court
and charges framed against them.
Unitech Wireless:
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420 & forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Reliance Telecom:
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Swan Telecom:
Charges - Criminal conspiracy to cause criminal breach of trust by a public servant, criminal
conspiracy under section 120-B, cheating under section 420, forgery under sections 468 and
471. Booked under thePrevention of Corruption Act
Status - As of February 2012, trial is being conducted in Special CBI Court.
Other companies named in the chargesheet are:
Loop Telecom Pvt Ltd
Loop Mobile India Ltd
Essar Tele Holding
Essar(Parent group of Essar Tele Holding)
Media persons' dubious role
Main article :Radia tapes controversy
Media sources such asOPENandOutlookreported that two senior journalistsBarkha Dutt(Group EditorofNDTV) andVir Sanghvi(Editorial Director ofHindustan Times) knew that corporate lobbyistNira
Radiawas influencing the decisions of appointment of telecom minister. Radia wanted A Raja to be made
telecom minister.The two magazines made public the telephone conversations betweenNira
Radia,Barkha Dutt&Vir Sanghvi. Radia's phones were being tapped by Income Tax department. Critics
allege that Barkha Dutt and Vir Sanghvi knew about nexus between government and the media industry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essar_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essar_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEN_(Indian_magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEN_(Indian_magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEN_(Indian_magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nira_Radiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Sanghvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkha_Dutthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEN_(Indian_magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_tapes_controversyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essar_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance_Communicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_of_Corruption_Act,_1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Group8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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but still they supported this corrupt activity and suppressed news reporting the discovery of the corrupt
practice. However these people were not named as accused in the chargesheet filed by CBI.
Licenses quashed
On 2 February 2012Supreme Court of Indiaquashed all 122 spectrum licences granted during the tenure
of former communications minister A Raja. The allocation of 2G spectrum was described by Supreme
Court as "unconstitutional and arbitrary" The bench of Justice GS Singhvi &Justice AK Gangulyimposed
fine of 5crore(US$1.1 million) on Unitech Wireless, Swan telecom and Tata Teleservices and 50 lakh
(US$110,000) fine onLoop Telecom,S Tel, Allianz Infratech andSistema Shyam Tele Services Ltd. The
Supreme Court's ruling said the current licences will remain in place for four months, in which time the
government should decide fresh norms for issuing licences.
The Supreme Court said in its order that then telecom ministerA. Raja"wanted to favour somecompanies at the cost of the public exchequer" and listed seven steps he took to ensure this
happened. According to the Supreme Court of India the seven steps were :
1. After taking over as telecom minister, Raja directed that all applications received for UAS licences
should be kept pending till receipt of the Trai's recommendations.
2. The recommendations made by Trai on 28 August 2007, were not placed before the full Telecom
Commission which would have included the finance secretary. The notice of the meeting of the
Telecom Commission was not given to any of the non-permanent members though Trai's
recommendations for allocation of 2G spectrum had serious financial implications and it wastherefore necessary for DoT to take the finance ministry's opinion under the Government of India
(Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961.
3. The DoT officers who attended the Telecom Commission meeting held on 10 October 2007, had
no choice but to approve Trai's recommendations, since they would otherwise have "incurred"
Raja's "wrath".
4. Since Cabinet had approved recommendations made by the Group of Ministers, the DoT had to
discuss the issue of spectrum pricing with the finance ministry. But, since Raja knew that the
finance secretary had objected to the allocation of 2G spectrum at rates fixed in 2001, he did not
consult the finance minister or other officials.
5. Raja brushed aside the law minister's suggestion that the matter should be placed before the
empowered group of ministers. Also, within hours of the receipt of the suggestion made by the
PM in his letter dated 2 November 2007, that keeping in view the inadequacy of spectrum,
transparency and fairness should be maintained in allocation of the spectrum, Raja rejected it
saying that it would be unfair, discriminatory, arbitrary and capricious to auction spectrum to new
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Gangulyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Gangulyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Gangulyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Rajahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asok_Kumar_Gangulyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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applicants because it would not give them a level-playing field. He also introduced a cut-off date
of 25 September 2007, for considering applications though only the previous day a DoT press
release had said 1 October 2007, would be the last date. This arbitrary action of Raja "though
appears to be innocuous was actually intended to benefit some of the real estate firms who did
not have any experience in dealing with telecom services and who had made applications only
on 24 September 2007, i.e. one day before the cut-off date fixed by the C&IT minister on his
own".
6. The cut-off date of 25 September 2007, decided by Raja on 2 November 2007, was not made
public till 10 January 2008, and the first-come-first-served principle followed since 2003 was
changed by him at the last moment through a press release dated 10 January 2008. "This
enabled some of the applicants, who had access either to the minister or DoT officers, get bank
drafts prepared towards performance guarantee of about Rs 1,600 crore".
7. "The manner in which the exercise for grant of LoIs to the applicants was conducted on 10
January 2008 leaves no room for doubt that everything was stage managed to favour those whowere able to know in advance change in the implementation of the first-come-first-served policy."
As a result, some firms which had submitted applications in 2004 or 2006 were pushed down in
the priority and those who had applied between August and September 2007 succeeded.
TELECOM COMPANIES AFFECTED BY CANCELLATION OF LICENSES
The table below shows list of companies whose license were cancelled[186][187]
Name of company Parent group
Number of
licenses
cancelled
Uninor Joint venture betweenUnitech Groupof India andTelenorof
NorwayUnitech Group22
Sistema Shyam
TeleServices Limited,
nowMTS India
Joint venture between Shyam group of Indian and Sistema of
Russia
21
Loop Mobileformerly BPL
MobileOwned by Khaitan Holding Group 21
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-185http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-185http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Shyam_TeleServices_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Shyam_TeleServices_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Shyam_TeleServices_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTS_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Shyam_TeleServices_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Shyam_TeleServices_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-185http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_scam#cite_note-1858/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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Name of company Parent group
Number of
licenses
cancelled
Videocon
Telecommunications
Limited
Owned byVideocongroup of India 21
Etisalat-DBJoint venture betweenSwan Telecomof India andEtisalatof
UAE15
Idea Cellular Aditya Birla GroupofIndia (49.05%),Axiata Group Berhadof
Malaysia (15%) &Providence Equity(10.6%)of USA13
S Tel
Joint venture betweenC Sivasankaranof India
andBatelcoof Bahrain. After the Supreme Court's
decisionBatelcosold its 42.7% stake toC
Sivasankarancompany Sky City Foundation Ltd. for $175
million
6
Tata Teleservices Owned byTata Groupof India 3
AFTER EFFECTS OF SUPREME COURT'S VERDICT
Batelco quits India-Batelco, the Bahrain telecommunications company holding 42.7% stake inS
Teldeclared that it has agreed to sell its entire holding to Indian partner Sky City Foundation Ltd for
65.8 million Bahraini dinar ($174.5 million).
Telenor dumps and sues Unitech- On 21 February 2012Telenor, majority stakeholder inUninor,
dumped its Indian partnerUnitechand sued it seeking indemnity and compensation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya_Birla_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya_Birla_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiata_Group_Berhadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiata_Group_Berhadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiata_Group_Berhadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Teleserviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Teleserviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Tel#Aftermathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Tel#Aftermathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninor#Controversieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninor#Controversieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitech_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uninor#Controversieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Tel#Aftermathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Teleserviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batelcohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sivasankaranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_Telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providence_Equity_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiata_Group_Berhadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditya_Birla_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idea_Cellularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirates_Telecommunications_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan_Telecomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocon_Telecommunications_Limited8/2/2019 2g Specturm Scam
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EtisalatsuesShahid BalwaandVinod Goenka- On 23 February 2012Etisalatof theEtasalat-DB
TelecomsuedShahid BalwaandVinod Goenka, promoters of its Indian partnerDB Realtyfor fraud
and misrepresentation.
RESPONSE TO SCAM
Opposition demandsJoint Parliamentary Committee (JPC)- As soon as the Indian media started
citingComptroller and Auditor General of India's report which pegged the loss at 1.76 lakh crore,
the Indian opposition parties unanimously demanded formation of Joint parliamentary committee
(JPC)to investigate 2G scam. However the Indian government rejected the demand of
opposition. Later when the winter session of parliament began on 9 November 2010, opposition
again pressed for(JPC)but once again the demand was rejected. The opposition's demand
for(JPC)gained further momentum whenComptroller and Auditor General of India's report was
tabled inParliamenton 16 November 2011. The opposition blocked parliament proceedings and
again pressed for JPC. With Govt again rejecting the demand there was logjam in parliament.
Speaker of the Lok Sabha,Meira Kumartried to break the logjam but her efforts didn't bear any
fruit. Finally the winter session of parliament concluded on 13 December 2010 . The plan was to
introduce 22 new bills, take up 23 pending bills for consideration and passing and withdraw three bills
but that didn't happen because the parliament was allowed to function for only 9 hours. In February
2011, after resisting the Opposition demand for over three months, the government finally agreed to
constitute aJoint Parliamentary Committee (JPC)to probe the 2G spectrum allocation issue. The
government announced it formally on 22 February 2011.
JayalalithaaccusesM. Karunanidhi- In early November 2010Jayalalithaaaccused the state chief
ministerM Karunanidhiof protectingA. Rajafrom corruption charges and called forA. Raja's
resignation. By mid NovemberA. Rajaresigned.
CAGissues show-cause notices - In mid November the comptrollerVinod Raiissued show-cause
notices to Unitech, S Tel, Loop Mobile, Datacom (Videocon), and Etisalat to respond to his assertion
that all of the 85 licenses granted to these companies did not have the up-front capital required at the
time of the application and were in other ways illegal. Some media sources have speculated that
these companies will receive large fines but not have their licenses revoked, as they are currently
providing some consumer service.
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