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Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
12nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
THE GREEN
ILC: an amazing energy transformer
FROM EV TO TEV:
ILC
• ILC and the society• ILC Energy Budget requirement• Green Energies for ILC• Global organization for a Green ILC• Conclusions
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
2
Overview
– ILC: the first Global Fundamental Science project, as such it will:• Attract worldwide attention: a unique showroom for
physics and basic research• Host a large number of experts from various fields in
an open science framework
– ILC: a large power consumer • 1.2 TWh (500 GeV) 20% of a nuclear reactor• “Only” for fundamental science• In an energy/global warming/financial crisis in the
world and in Japan
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
3
ILC and the society
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
4
Colliders energy budget
CERN at peak 180 MW, total one year 1.2 TWh ~ 140 MW average “82% accelerators, 12% experiments, 3% computer center, 3% campus infrastructure. About 1 TWh gets dissipated in cooling towers (H.J.Burckhart et al. IPAC2013)”
Compared to Geneva canton (500,000 residents): Total energy 11.4 TWh/year, 25% goes to electricity (2009)
• CERN is 10% of Geneva total energy• 40% of Geneva electrical power, equivalent to consumption of 200,000 r• 30 M$ (23 M€) … 20€/MWh 6-7 times cheaper that my bill….
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
52nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
ILC center (rough estimates)• e+e- Linac RF, Magnets, Cryo plants: 164MW @500GeV–300MW@1TeV (TDR)• Experiment ~ 5 MW (one of the LHC experiments)• Computing ~ 4 MW (estimated from CERN)• Buildings ~ 4 MW (estimated from CERN)
Very similar to CERN consumption let’s take 180 MW (peak) and 1.2 TWh/year
“A primary voltage of 275 kV was assumed for the site.”“The power capacity is designed to be 300MW and space is reserved for an additional 200MW for the future 1TeV upgrade.” ILC TDR Vol. 3-1 500 MW
180 - 320 MW 1.2-2.2% of Tohoku region (15 GW) ~ Morioka (300,000)500 Gev BL 1 TeV 18-32% of Iwate prefecture
• 135€/MWh 2011 in Japan for industry (OECD 2013 report)
Yearly electricity running cost ~ 160 M€ (500 GeV BL)Even if 50% rebate for very large users 80 M€/year
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
6
ILC baseline energy budget
Rank: 1 6 3 2 4 5% : 42 3 15 23 13 5
MW
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
72nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Jones, R. S. and M. Kim (2013), “Restructuring the ElectricitySector and Promoting Green Growth in Japan”, OECDEconomics Department Working Papers, No. 1069, OECDPublishing.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k43nxrhfjtd-en
Peak demandTotal 162.2 GW
~ 10 M people ILC = Morioka
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
82nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Should ILC turn to Green Energy ?
• ILC being the size of a city, is a real scale workbench to develop, maintain and manage a mix of sustainable energy sources.
• ILC is a (very) long term effort, investing in green energies makes sense.
• It is the “fundamental research” contribution to the global warming and the energy crisis.
• Energy research is a strong motivation to the society and the decision makers.
• A substantial contribution to the ILC running cost.
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
92nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
ILC: an amazing energy transformer
Assuming an ILC powered by photovoltaic energy:
Energy at the particle level: from 1 eV to 1 TeV: 12 orders of magnitude, a Tera scaling
Energy concentration: Surface to collect 82 MW(one beam) to the beam size: 20 orders of magnitude, almost Zetta scaling
Energy transformation efficiency:Beam power/AC power: 6-7%
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
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ILC site
– Good environment for many different renewable energies• Photovoltaic and thermal sun energies (~1800
h/year)• Wind and marine power, many possible spots on sea
shore and off-shore• Local hot springs, geothermic (shallow drill)• Biomass/biofuel energy: rural
– Power plants integration in the country landscape: need working with the citizens
– Extra production may support local people
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
12
Check the ILC site
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
132nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
2 MW Goto island prototype
2.3 GW installed, none failed after 3/11
Wind/Marine Energy
Wind Projects6 floating 2MW wind turbines off Fukushima up to 80 in 2020
Tidal and marine stream
Sea temperature gradient
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
142nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Biomass/biofuels Energy
Many sources including:Rice, fishery and agricultural wastesAlgaeOther cattle and human wastes
Co-generations heat and electricity
Idemitsu Kosan Co. 5 MW Miyasaki, Nishinippon Env. Energy co. 11.7 MW
Installed 2.3 GW (2011)very little progress since 2011
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
152nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
9.5MW 1967 Matsukawa
Installed 2011 : 0.5 GW.Geothermal potential sources : ~ 20 GW
No substantial progress since 2011
Geothermal Energy
But:• Avoid National Parks• Get agreement with the onsen industry• Gov. support• No-Fracking
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
162nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
10 MW Komekurayama 30 km Fuji-san (TEPCO)
Installed: 8.5 GWProjects:341 MW in Hokaido100 MW Minami Soma
2009 Target Japanese gov.28 GW of solar PV capacity by 202053 GW of solar PV capacity by 203010% of total domestic primary energy demand met with solar PV by 2050
Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar energy
Solar thermal Energy
C. BenvenutiCERN Physicist
• Energy saving and efficiency– Better component efficiency: klystron, cryocooler (see M. Yoshioka’s
talk)– Beam energy and beam dump heat recovery (See A. Suzuki’s Talk) – Cooling water heat recovery (Sterling engines and heat pumps,
thermoelectrics, osmosis, …)
• Production: Developing Sustainable energies for ILC– How to adapt the ILC component power requirements to the various
energy sources distinctive features (DC (PV) supply for cryo and RF, variability, …)
– How to build energy storage to cope with ILC running conditions (batteries, liquid helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydro, compressed air, ….
– What is the best mix to cover ILC specific needs ? 24/7, long shutdowns
• Distribution: Smart (Local) GRID: Full scale multi-sourced GRID management and control– Smooth and rapid switching between energy sources, including
conventional supply– Energy Management and forecast: production, storage and backup2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
17
Green ILC Energy Issues
Creating the “ILC Sustainable Energy Research Center” aside of the “ILC High-Energy Research Center”
• Two main objectives:– R&D on Sustainable Energies, attracting the best experts.– Powering ILC
• Industry participation– Energy issues relate to most of the industry (much more than HEP)– Twofold interest: part of a global research endeavor and ILC market– ILC achievements: a showcase for the companies
• Institutes and organizations over the world can be involved:– In Japan JCRE Japan council on renewable energies, JREF, .. – In the world: IEA, NREL (US), CREST, Narec(UK), CENER(SP), ..
• To run parallel to ILC, no impact on ILC construction timeline
• Own specific budget: substantial supports can be made available from: – public programs, governmental and regional (EU) plans (US-EU energy council, …) – Industry participation and contribution
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
18
Global organization for Green ILC
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
192nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
ILC Energy Center
ILC Energy Center
ILC Sustainable Energy Research
Center
ILC High-Energy Research Center
Basic Research
Application R&D
Electrons, photons, neutrons factories
HPC/GRID Computing
Fundamental Research
Pilot Power plant for ILC
HEP Applications
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
202nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
ILC center futuristic view
Biomass
Off-shore windSolar Power Plant
Geothermal Plant
Wind turbine
Hydro storage
Wave/stream energy
Courtesy of:
PhotovoltaicPhotovoltaic and thermal
He, H2 storage
Smart GRID
Forecast and data management
• Get involved in the most advanced and promising researches:– Basic research … is the most needed and less funded
• Nanotech for energy production and storage, for lighting, …: graphene, nanotubes, quantum dots, …
• Biomimetic research (artificial photosynthesis) and quantum effects in solid states • New materials for catalysts, fuel cell membranes, high-Tc materials, solar cells high efficiency• Low energy harvesting devices, STEG (thermo-electricity), stirling engines• Characterization tools and computer modeling
– Technology and engineering (devices and systems)• Hybrid systems, best mix, energy transformation, matching energy source and accelerator
components• Specific equipment like: Solar Powered Cryocooler (DC compressor, Thermoacoustic Stirling Heat
Engine Pulse Tube), solar energy to RF, fuel cells for computing systems • R&D on biomass, geothermal, wind/stream turbines• Smart GRID
• Power ILC:– Identify locations with low environmental impacts.– Design and build pilot power plants (a few 10 MW each) from various energy sources
for complementarity for real scale studies and substantial ILC power supply.– Connect to ILC, to the GRID
Can the ILC project reach energy self-sufficiency? How and when ?
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
21
ILC Sustainable energy institute missions
1. As a backup of the conventional power supply (~ 7 MW current diesel engines)
2. To cover buildings energy (electricity and heating) ( ~ 10 MW) (zero energy )
3. To power some parts of the ILC components: some of the cryo plants, computers, …. (10-20 MW)
4. To be scaled up to all previous components (30-40 MW)5. To power some of the klystrons (100 MW)6. All 500 GeV ILC electrical supply (170 MW)
– Conventional power supply is now in backup mode
7. Get ready for the 1 TeV (additional 150 MW)
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
22
Gradual Multi-Staged Implementation
ILC Energy Research Center Location• Most genuinely close to ILC, in Kitakami vicinity• But not necessarily, through special agreements between electrical
power utility companies– could be anywhere in Japan or even with plants disseminated at the most
favorable locations – Anywhere in the world, could be part of the country running costs contributions,
but should be sustainable energy… reinventing the Data GRID model
Research in a cross-disciplinary and global center. “Scientific work is still too fragmented and specialized, with a focus on incremental change rather than on transformation.” OECD Sustainable Energy Forum 2013
Focus on basic research, rarely done in other frameworksInnovation and Industry target short term returns“Science can be perceived as working too much for vested corporate interests and not enough for the public interest” OECD Sustainable Energy Forum 2013
Complete path from basic research to pilot plants
Synergies with HEP: – Material analysis (photon factories, FEL, XFEL, neutron sources, …) – Large computing centers (GRID), Geant4 simulations, turbulences,– Expertise in advanced electronics, large electronics and computing system
management,– Expertise in very high vacuum, surface treatment and cleaning, …– Expertise in industrialization of manufacturing (cavities and magnets), design, quality
control, organization and management,..
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
23
Energy research benefits
• Energy session at the LCWS in Tokyo (Nov. 11, 2013)
• Setup an ILC Energy working group as part of the LC collaboration
– Energy and accelerators Scientists and Experts + Industry
– Green ILC Feasibility report by 2014-2015
• Maybe the third “Energy for sustainable sciences” workshop in Sendai or Kitakami ?
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
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Next steps
• HEP a driver for innovation: a unique opportunity to link HEP and Energy R&D in an ambitious but rewarding endeavor:
– Societal impacts:
• Tackle one of the most important world-wide issue: Energy, boost basic research which is most needed today
• ILC visibility and fundamental research public appreciation
• Local region good appraisal by providing instead of consuming resources
– Great saving in running cost particularly if R&D/infrastructures are supported by a separate additional budget.
– Better flexibility for the ILC operations (less GRID dependence)
• Additional motivations for the decision makers: ILC goes beyond basic science
– In Japan:
• Revitalization of the economics (Abenomics), Re-industrialization after Tsunami in Tohoku, Global cities (Japan Policy Council), industry (AAA) and internationalization
– Elsewhere: fewer incentives. But energy is a big and motivating issue for everyone
2nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
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Conclusions
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
262nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Additional slides
Denis Perret-Gallix LAPP/IN2P3.CNRS (France)
272nd Energy for Sustainable Sciences, CERN Oct 2013
Renewable energy Japan (METI)Energy Source Total capacity before
FY2011Total capacity starting operation in FY2012
Total capacity starting operation in FY2013 (as of May 31, 2013)
Photovoltaic power (for households) 4.4 GW 1.269 GW 0.279 GW
Photovoltaic power (non-household) 0.9 GW 0.706 GW 0.961 GW
Wind power 2.6 GW 0.063 GW 0.002 GW
Small and medium hydropower (1,000 kW or more)
9.4 GW 0.001 GW 0 GW
Small and medium hydropower (less than 1,000 kW)
0.2 GW 0.003 GW 0 GW
Biomass power 2.3 GW 0.036 GW* 0.038 GW
Geothermal power 0.5 GW 0.001 GW 0 GWTotal 20.3 GW 2.079 GW 1.280 GW