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2nd Grade
Role of Water on Earth
2015-11-20
www.njctl.org
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Table of Contents: The Role of Water on Earth
Click on the topic to go to that section
· Earth's Water
· The Use of Maps
· Water's Changing Forms
· The Water Cycle
· Unit Review
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Earth's Water
Return to Tableof Contents
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Can you think of some examples of where water is found on Earth's surface?
Earth's Water
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Can you think of some examples of where water is found on Earth's surface?
Earth's Water
Teac
her N
otes
[This object is a teacher notes pull tab]
Clicking on the globe will take you to Flash Earth where you can zoom in on different bodies of water. On the left side of the screen click on Bing Maps (labels) to find the proper names of bodies of water and their locations.
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Earth's Water
All living things depend on water to survive.
Look at the organisms below and describe why they need on water.
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Earth's Water Demo
How much of Earth's water can actually be used?
Find out in this activity!
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Earth's Water
On Earth's surface, water can be found in:
· oceans· lakes· ponds· rivers· glaciers
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Oceans
An ocean is a large body of salt water that covers most of Earth's surface.
Earth has five oceans but they are not actually separate. They are all connected! Together these are called the World Ocean.
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Oceans
You live closest to which ocean?
Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Southern Ocean
Can you see how all the oceans are connected?
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BasinsCan you cup your hands together, as if you are
holding something?
When you do this, your hands form a basin. Many bodies of water form in basins made from the Earth.
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Lakes
Lakes are large bodies of still water that form in a basin.
Most lakes have freshwater in them, but a few have salt water.
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Lakes
Many lakes are man-made. They are called reservoirs. Some cities use reservoirs to store water for later use.
This is Gibson Reservoir in
Montana.
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Ponds
A pond is similar to a lake except that it is smaller and shallower.
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Ponds
Ponds can occur naturally or can be man-made. Some animals, like beavers, also make ponds .
This beaver dam has created a pond in the waterway.
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Rivers
How is a river different from a lake or pond?
A river is a moving stream of freshwater.
Rivers flow into oceans, lakes, ponds, or even other rivers.
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The Mississippi River is one of the largest rivers in the United States. It flows for about 2,500 miles.
Can you find it on the map?
What other large rivers do you see on this map?
The Mississippi River
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Where is Earth's Water?
Most of Earth's water is in the oceans.
Only a very small part is freshwater. Freshwater exists in glaciers, lakes and rivers. It is even in the clouds!
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This is a river. It is the Gambia river in Africa.
All of the photographs below show different types of bodies of water. What is each body of water called?
Click any photograph to find out.
This is an ocean. This is the Pacific ocean off the coast of California.
This is a lake. It is Lake Bled in Slovenia.
Review: Types of Bodies of Water
This is a pond. How could you tell?
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Land Versus Water Activity
Is Earth covered by more land or more water?
Catch the globe to find out!
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1 The ocean is salty.
Yes
No
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1 The ocean is salty.
Yes
No
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
YES
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2 Most of the Earth is covered by
A land.
B ocean.
C freshwater.
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2 Most of the Earth is covered by
A land.
B ocean.
C freshwater.
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Ans
wer
B
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3 The water in a river is still.
True
False
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3 The water in a river is still.
True
False
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Ans
wer
False
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4 Which body of water is largest?
A pond
B lake
C ocean
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4 Which body of water is largest?
A pond
B lake
C ocean
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Ans
wer
C
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5 A _____ is smaller and shallower than a lake.
A river
B ocean
C pond
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5 A _____ is smaller and shallower than a lake.
A river
B ocean
C pond
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Ans
wer
C
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6 Which of the following is fresh water? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A pond
B lake
C ocean
D river
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6 Which of the following is fresh water? (More than one answer may be correct.)
A pond
B lake
C ocean
D river
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Ans
wer
A, B, and D
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Bodies of Water Demo and Water Venn Diagram Activity
What are the differences and similarities between oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds?
This demo and activity will show you.
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The Use of Maps
Return to Tableof Contents
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Maps show us information about a specific area.
Look at this map of the United States.
The Use of Maps
· What do the different colors mean?
· How many different types of bodies of water can you find?
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The Use of Maps
Maps can show the shapes and different kinds of land in an area, including different bodies of water.
What kinds of formations does this map show?
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The Use of Maps
Some maps show the depths of landforms.
This is a map of a South Pole glacier.
How deep is this glacier?
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The Use of Maps
This is a 3-D map of the Atlantic Ocean. This map shows us a model of the land that lies beneath the ocean's surface.
How would you describe the ocean floor?
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The Use of Maps
This is a topographic map of the United Kingdom. It shows the elevation of the land, with bodies of water in blue.
What part of the United Kingdom has the highest elevation?
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7 Maps can show
A land forms.
B bodies of water.
C elevation.
D All of the above.
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7 Maps can show
A land forms.
B bodies of water.
C elevation.
D All of the above.
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Ans
wer
D
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8 In maps, bodies of water are always shown in the color
A blue.
B green.
C brown.
D yellow.
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8 In maps, bodies of water are always shown in the color
A blue.
B green.
C brown.
D yellow.
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Ans
wer
A
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Landforms and Maps ActivityWhat types of landforms can you see on a map?
In this activity, you will make your own map. Be creative!
Source: www.acsu.buffalo.edu
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Water's Changing Forms
Return to Tableof Contents
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Weather and Climate
Weather is a short term description of the conditions in an area.
Climate is the average weather conditions for an area.
Antarctica's climate is the coldest on Earth.
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Different parts of the world have different climates. In some areas it is cold and snowy most of the time. In many
colder climates, water exists as a solid (ice).
Water as a Solid
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Water as a Solid
Ice is the world's largest supply of freshwater. It covers about 3 percent
of Earth's surface including most of
Antarctica and Greenland.
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Glaciers
A glacier is formed when new snow falls on old
snow and all of the layers are pressed together.
Glaciers make up a lot of the Earth's freshwater.
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Why do many colder climates have a lot of ice?
Think about this.
They have to be put in a place that is really cold, like a freezer. Remember, ice freezes at 32 °F (0 °C).
Ice forms when temperatures fall below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius.
Where do you keep ice at your house? Click the ice to find out.
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Water as a LiquidIn parts of the world where the climate is warm and
rainy, water exists as a liquid.
This is a photo of a rainforest in Ecuador. It is hot and rainy most of the time.
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Where on Earth can you find liquid water?
In these hot climates, most of the water exists as a liquid.
Areas that are close to the equator have hot temperatures all year.
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Changing States of WaterThere are many parts of the world where the climate
changes depending on the season. In these areas, it is the changing temperature during the different seasons
that determines whether water is a liquid or a solid.
The green areas in this map have variable seasons.
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During spring at this lake, temperatures reach above 32 °F (0 °C) and the water becomes a liquid. During winter, temperatures fall below freezing and the lake
turns to ice.
Notice the different forms of water in this lake. Which photo has temperatures above 32 °F?
Changing States of Water
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This is a waterfall at Minnehaha Falls in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Each picture was taken during a different season.
Can you guess which photo is each
season?
Changing States of Water
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States of Water Activity
How does water change into different states?
Find out in this activity!
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9 When you listen to the news to see the temperature for the day, you are listening to the
A weather.
B climate.
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9 When you listen to the news to see the temperature for the day, you are listening to the
A weather.
B climate.
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Ans
wer
A
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10 In what areas does water exist as a solid?
A Places that are very cold.
B Places that are very warm.
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10 In what areas does water exist as a solid?
A Places that are very cold.
B Places that are very warm.
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Ans
wer
A
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11 Earth's glaciers are beginning to melt.
Why might this be happening?
A Earth is getting warmer.
B Earth is getting colder.
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11 Earth's glaciers are beginning to melt.
Why might this be happening?
A Earth is getting warmer.
B Earth is getting colder.
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Ans
wer
A
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12 In what areas could you walk on water? (There can be more than one answer.)
A The Arctic
B A lake in a hot climate
C A stream in the cold winter
D A mountain glacier
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12 In what areas could you walk on water? (There can be more than one answer.)
A The Arctic
B A lake in a hot climate
C A stream in the cold winter
D A mountain glacier[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A C D
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13 Where in the world can water exist as a liquid all year?
A Antarctica
B Along the equator
C the northern United States
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13 Where in the world can water exist as a liquid all year?
A Antarctica
B Along the equator
C the northern United States
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Ans
wer
B
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14 The solid form of water is called ________.
A ice
B liquid
C water
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14 The solid form of water is called ________.
A ice
B liquid
C water
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Ans
wer
A
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15 Where on Earth would you find bodies of water that change from a liquid to a solid during the year?
A Places that have changing seasons
B Near Antarctica or the Arctic
C Near the Equator
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15 Where on Earth would you find bodies of water that change from a liquid to a solid during the year?
A Places that have changing seasons
B Near Antarctica or the Arctic
C Near the Equator
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Ans
wer
A
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16 To turn ice into liquid water, you must:
A leave it in the freezer.
B make it colder.
C add heat.
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16 To turn ice into liquid water, you must:
A leave it in the freezer.
B make it colder.
C add heat.
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Ans
wer
C
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The Water Cycle
Return to Tableof Contents
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Earth has a limited amount of water and that water keeps going around and around in different forms.
This is called the water cycle .
The Water Cycle
Click the image to
learn more about the
water cycle.
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An increase in temperature.
A decrease in temperature.
An increase in temperature.
A decrease in temperature.
What makes a gas change into a liquid?
What makes a liquid change into a gas?
What makes a solid change into a liquid?
What makes a liquid change into a solid?
The Water Cycle
Remember back to changing states of matter. Talk with your group about the following questions then click on each for an answer:
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The sun drives the water cycle. The heat of the sun makes the water molecules speed up.
When this happens, water changes from one state to another.
The Water Cycle
How will sunshine affect the different states of water in this picture?
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The Water Cycle
Evaporation occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor or gas.
Evaporation
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The Water CycleTranspiration is a special kind of evaporation which happens
in plants. Follow the steps below (start at the roots!)
(2) water moves up through the plant's stem to the leaves
(1) water is taken up by a plant's roots
(3) water exits the leaves and is evaporated back into the air
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When evaporated water (water vapor) reaches the atmosphere, it cools. The
water molecules slow down and change back into liquid water. This process creates
the clouds.
The Water Cycle
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Condensation is when water vapor changes into liquid water.
The Water Cycle
Condensation
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When the clouds become too heavy, they release the water molecules back to the Earth. Temperature and the
amount of moisture in the air determine what kind of precipitation falls.
The Water Cycle
Sleet
Rain
Snow
Hail
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Precipitation is when water in the form of sleet, snow, rain or hail returns to Earth.
The Water Cycle
Precipitation
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Runoff and groundwater collect in Earth's oceans, lakes, rivers and ponds. The cycle begins again.
The Water Cycle
Click on the image to watch a video about the water cycle.
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Water Cycle Activity
In this activity, you will watch the water cycle happen in your own classroom! Be observant!
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17 What drives the water cycle?
A Transpiration
B Cloud formation
C The sun
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17 What drives the water cycle?
A Transpiration
B Cloud formation
C The sun
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Ans
wer
C
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18 When the sun heats up water, the molecules slow down.
True
False
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18 When the sun heats up water, the molecules slow down.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
False
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19 During evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a
A solid.
B liquid.
C gas.
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19 During evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a
A solid.
B liquid.
C gas.
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
C
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20 Transpiration is when
A water evaporates from plants.
B water vapor cools to form clouds.
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20 Transpiration is when
A water evaporates from plants.
B water vapor cools to form clouds.
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
A
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21 Clouds form when water condenses onto dust particles.
True
False
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21 Clouds form when water condenses onto dust particles.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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22 Sleet, snow, rain and hail are examples of
A evaporation.
B precipitation.
C condensation.
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22 Sleet, snow, rain and hail are examples of
A evaporation.
B precipitation.
C condensation.
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Ans
wer
B
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23 Which of the following shows the correct order of the water cycle ?
A evaporation, precipitation, condensation
B condensation, evaporation, precipitation
C evaporation, condensation, precipitation
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23 Which of the following shows the correct order of the water cycle ?
A evaporation, precipitation, condensation
B condensation, evaporation, precipitation
C evaporation, condensation, precipitation
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Ans
wer
C
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Unit Review
Return to Tableof Contents
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24 Most of Earth is covered in land.
True
False
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24 Most of Earth is covered in land.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
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wer
False
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25 Most of the water on Earth is
A salt water.
B freshwater.
C glaciers.
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25 Most of the water on Earth is
A salt water.
B freshwater.
C glaciers.
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Ans
wer
A
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26 Oceans are large bodies of ____ water.
A fresh
B salt
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26 Oceans are large bodies of ____ water.
A fresh
B salt
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B
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27 A lake is a large body of still water.
True
False
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27 A lake is a large body of still water.
True
False
[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
True
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28 A river is different from a lake because it is
A salt water.
B still water.
C moving water.
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28 A river is different from a lake because it is
A salt water.
B still water.
C moving water.
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Ans
wer
C
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29 Ponds are bigger and deeper than lakes.
True
False
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29 Ponds are bigger and deeper than lakes.
True
False
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Ans
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False
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30 "Today will be cloudy with a high of 35." This is an example of
A climate.
B weather.
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30 "Today will be cloudy with a high of 35." This is an example of
A climate.
B weather.
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B
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31 Climate is the average weather of an area.
True
False
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31 Climate is the average weather of an area.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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32 Glaciers exist in areas where the temperature is
A below 32 degrees F.
B above 32 degrees F.
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32 Glaciers exist in areas where the temperature is
A below 32 degrees F.
B above 32 degrees F.
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A
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33 Uganda is a country in Africa that is on the equator. Water in Uganda is
A always solid.
B always liquid.
C sometims liquid and sometimes solid.
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33 Uganda is a country in Africa that is on the equator. Water in Uganda is
A always solid.
B always liquid.
C sometims liquid and sometimes solid.
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Ans
wer
B
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34 Water would change between solid and liquid in an area where the temperature
A changes between hot and cold.
B is always cold.
C is always hot.
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34 Water would change between solid and liquid in an area where the temperature
A changes between hot and cold.
B is always cold.
C is always hot.
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Ans
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A
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35 Solid water is called ice.
True
False
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35 Solid water is called ice.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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36 The sun causes
A condensation.
B precipitation.
C evaporation.
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36 The sun causes
A condensation.
B precipitation.
C evaporation.
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Ans
wer
C
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37 When molecules heat up, they move faster.
True
False
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37 When molecules heat up, they move faster.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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38 Precipitation occurs when liquid water in the sky falls to the ground.
True
False
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38 Precipitation occurs when liquid water in the sky falls to the ground.
True
False
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Ans
wer
True
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39 When water vapor changes to liquid in the sky, it is called
A evaporation.
B condensation.
C precipitation.
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39 When water vapor changes to liquid in the sky, it is called
A evaporation.
B condensation.
C precipitation.[This object is a pull tab]
Ans
wer
B
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40 After water falls to the ground, it returns to the ocean via groundwater.
True
False
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40 After water falls to the ground, it returns to the ocean via groundwater.
True
False
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Ans
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True
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41 Which of the options lists the water cycle in the correct order?
A The sun, condensation, evaporation, precipitation, groundwater.
B Evaporation, condensation, the sun, precipitation, groundwater.
C The sun, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, groundwater.
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41 Which of the options lists the water cycle in the correct order?
A The sun, condensation, evaporation, precipitation, groundwater.
B Evaporation, condensation, the sun, precipitation, groundwater.
C The sun, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, groundwater.
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Ans
wer
C
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