2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials & Advanced ......It is a great honor to welcome you on the 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Composites (NAC

2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials & Advanced Composites

NAC 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Message from the Chairman ............................................... 1

Committees ............................................................................... 2

Agenda ........................................................................................ 4

Program ...................................................................................... 7

Presentation Guidelines ...................................................... 21

Invited Speaker Abstract .................................................... 24

MRT Gongguan Station to NTUST ............................... 61

Map of NTUST ...................................................................... 61

Map of NTUST International Building ........................ 62

Welcome Reception ............................................................. 63

Banquet Location .................................................................. 64

Index .......................................................................................... 65

Oral Abstract .......................................................................... 71

Poster Abstract ..................................................................... 117


NAC 2019

Message from the Chairman

Dear Delegate

It is a great honor to welcome you on the 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and

Advanced Composites (NAC 2019). The first conference was organized in South Korea (Busan) last

year and this second conference is going to held in Taiwan (Taipei).

Material science and technology has been gone through a rapid development in the last decades.

Nanomaterials and related composites are now beyond the area of laboratory. Everyday, these

emerging materials are getting more and more important on industrial aspect due to ease of

applicability in diverse application fields by fine tuning of properties. From energy harvesting to

sensor technology, membrane development to high strength fiber reinforced composites- all fields of

materials science have been engulfed with functional nanomaterials and their composites and related

technologies such as electrospinning.

In this context, the current progress on functional materials and technologies are going to be presented

during plenary lectures. During these two days of the conference, 68 oral lectures and 60 posters

will be presented by experts from 10 countries in 12 sessions.

NAC 2019 will provide a forum to impart new frontiers of knowledge and manifestations in current

scientific evidence-based information and technical skills in the field of nanomaterials and advanced

composites and different technologies based on them. We assure to keep the presentations balanced,

exciting and serving to your personal learning goals. The emphasis will be on exchanging

brainstorming scientific ideas and making a strong network among academicians, business people

and administrative people as well as budding researchers and established scientists in the field of

materials science.

We are confident that with your contribution, whether in a plenary oral or poster presentations, in

discussions, comments or questions, the conference will provide a great forum for exchanging ideas

and information on this sector.

We are committed to making NAC 2019 a memorable event through scientific and professional

interactions.

NAC 2019 Chairman

Prof. Yee-wen Yen

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

1


NAC 2019

Committees Chairman

Prof. Yee-Wen Yen

National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Co-Chairman

Prof. Yun-Hae Kim

Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Korea

Prof. Yoshinobu Shimamura

Shizuoka University, Japan

Prof. Chang-Mou Wu

National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Int'l Organizing Committee

Prof. Kuei Chi Lee, Taiwan Textile Research Institute, R.O.C.

Prof. Pankaj M. Koinkar, Tokushima University, Japan

Prof. Antonio Norio Nakagaito, Tokushima University, Japan

Prof. Tae-Gyu Kim, Pusan National University, Korea

Prof. Subhash Kondawar, Nagpur University, India

Prof. Imae Toyoko, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Prof. Kuo-Bing Cheng, Feng Chia University, R.O.C.

Prof. Jieng-Chiang Chen, Vanung University, R.O.C.

Prof. Keh-Moh Lin, Southern Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Prof. Chi-Jung Chang, Feng Chia University, R.O.C.

Prof. Dong-Hau Kuo, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Prof. Ming-Yuan Shen, National Chin Yi University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Prof. Jin-Wen Tang, Industrial Technology Research Institute, R.O.C.

Prof. Zainal, Arifin Bin Mohd. Ishak, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

Prof. Wahyu Caesarendra, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Prof. Ngoc-Bich Le, Eastern Int'l University, Vietnam

Prof. Jun-Cai Sun, Dalian Maritime University, China

2


NAC 2019

Local Organizing Committee

Prof. Ri-ichi Murakami, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Prof. Wen-Cheng Ke, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

Dr. Hairus Abdullah, National Taiwan University of Sci. and Tech., R.O.C.

3

Agenda

4


NAC 2019

Day 1 (Aug, 10)

Time Activity Location

08:00~09:00 Registration International Building 1st

Floor

09:00~09:15 Opening remarks IB-101

09:15~09:55 Plenary Speech I IB-101

09:55~10:35 Plenary Speech II IB-101

10:35~11:00 Group Photo & Coffee break International Building 1st

Floor

11:00~12:15

Session A: Medical IB-101

Session B: Testing & Surface Finishing IB-301

12:15~13:20 Lunch Campus 1st Restaurant

12:30~13:00 Council Meeting E1-240

13:00~18:00 Poster Session I International Building

Gallery Room (B)

13:20~15:30

Session C: Advanced Polymer Composites IB-301

Session D: Inorganic Nanomaterials (I) IB-302

Session E: Cellulose Nanofibers Composites IB-307

Session F: Functional/Smart Fibers IB-308

15:30~16:00 Coffee break International Building

3rd Floor

16:00~18:00

Session G: Fiber Reinforced Composites IB-301

Session H: Energy IB-302

Session I: Inorganic Nanomaterials (II) IB-307

Session J: Electrospinning Technology IB-308

18:00~21:30 Banquet & Closing Ceremony La marée Restaurant

5


NAC 2019

Day 2 (Aug, 11)

Time Activity Location

08:00~09:00 Registration International Building

1st Floor

09:00~09:40 Plenary Speech III IB-101

09:40~10:20 Plenary Speech IV IB-101

10:20~13:30 Poster Session II International Building

Gallery Room (B)

10:20~10:40 Coffee break International Building

1st Floor

10:40~12:10

Session K: Inorganic Materials & Devices (I) IB-101

Session L: Inorganic Materials & Devices (II) IB-308

12:10~13:20 Lunch Campus 1st Restaurant

13:30~17:30 Tour National Palace

Museum

18:00~ Tour Dinner HPW Restaurant

6

Program

7

Day 1 (Aug, 10)

The star symbol (*) indicates that the author has signed up for the competition.

Session A: Medical

(IB-101, 11:00~12:15, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Jin-Lian Hu & Mikito Yasuzawa

No. Speech Type Time Title Presenter

A-1 Invited speaker 11:00~11:25 Mechanically Robust Shape Memory

Polyurethane Nanocomposite for Bone Repair Jin-Lian Hu

A-2 Invited speaker 11:25~11:50 Fabrication of implantable biosensor for in vivo

glucose monitoring Mikito Yasuzawa

A-3* Student 11:50~12:00

Comparative study of porous PLGA/nano-

hydroxyapatite and PLGA/nano-whitlockite

composite graft implants for bone regeneration

Gils Jose

A-4* Student 12:00~12:10

Rational design of liposomal nanocomposites

encapsulating magnetic nanoparticles for dual

cancer thermal therapy

Anilkumar T.S.

Session B: Testing & Surface Finishing

(IB-301, 11:00~12:15, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Chun-Liang Kuo & Wahyu Caesarendra


B-1 Invited speaker 11:00~11:25

Surface modifications in wire electrical

discharge machining of polycrystalline silicon

using assisting electrodes

Chun-Liang Kuo

B-2 Invited speaker 11:25~11:50

A Review Study on In-vivo Corrosion

Characterization and Assessment of Absorbable

Metal Implants

Wahyu

Caesarendra

Session: Plenary

(IB-101, 09:15~10:35, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Yun Hae Kim


I Plenary

speaker 09:15~09:55

Metallic Glass: From Coating to First-Ever

Nanotube Arrays Jinn P. Chu

II Plenary

speaker 09:55~10:35

Novel Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction

and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions -

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Kohei Uosaki

8

B-3* Student 11:50~12:00

Influence of porosity on mechanical properties of

porous titanium fabricated by spacer method

consisting of spark plasma sintering

Ryo Murakami

B-4* Student 12:00~12:10

Degraded machined surface quality in routing of

glass fiber honeycomb composites using

chemical vaporized diamond-coated tools

Ting-Yu Chang

B-5* Student 12:10~12:20

Effect of Variable Loading on Very High Cycle

Fretting Fatigue of Chromium-Molybdenum

Steel

Kyosuke Nomura

Session C: Advanced Polymer Composites

(IB-301, 13:20~15:30, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Qing-Qing Ni & Chi-Jung Chang


C-1 Invited speaker 13:20~13:45 Nanocarbon materials for electromagnetic

shielding applications Qing-Qing Ni

C-2 Invited speaker 13:45~14:10

Recent progress on metal sulfide composite

nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen

production

Chi-Jung Chang

C-3 Invited speaker 14:10~14:35

Recovery of Toxic Metal Ions using a Novel

Polymeric Nanocomposite: Batch Separation and

Thermal Degradation Kinetic Studies

Wasudeo Gurnule

C-4 Delegate 14:35~14:50

Removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous

solution by PANI/TiO2 and PANI/graphene

nanocomposites

Jitendra Ramteke

C-5* Student 14:50~15:00

Carbon nanotube-filled poly(lactic

acid)poly(ethylene oxide) blend-based

biodegradable nanocomposites with enhanced

physical properties

Kartik Behera

C-6* Student 15:00~15:10

Electromagnetic interference shielding

effectiveness of graphene based conducting

polymer nanocomposites

Prerna R. Modak

C-7* Student 15:10~15:20

Synthesis and Characterization of reduced

Graphene Oxide/ Rubidium Tungsten Bronze

Nanocomposite and its Photothermal Conversion

Property

Cidne Danielle D.

Carles

C-8* Student 15:20~15:30 Piezoelectric Response of Coaxial Electrospun

PVDF/ZnO Nanofibrous Membranes

Cathlene Roi M.

Jose

9

Session D: Inorganic Nanomaterials (I)

(IB-302, 13:20~15:30, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Pankaj Koinkar & I-Chen Chen


D-1 Invited speaker 13:20~13:45

Structural investigations on the improvement in

optical and electrical properties of 2D

nanostructures

Pankaj Koinkar

D-2 Invited speaker 13:45~14:10 Growth of indium oxide nanorods by direct

plasma oxidation I-Chen Chen

D-3 Invited speaker 14:10~14:35

Designing Zeolitic Imidazolate

Framework(ZIF)-derived Nanomaterials for

Electrochemical Applications

Min-Hsin Yeh

D-4 Delegate 14:35~14:50

Electrochemical properties of

CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI ternary nanocomposite

electrode for supercapacitor

Ramdas Atram

D-5* Student 14:50~15:00

Graphene oxide and their combination with

loaded silver nanoparticles determines the

antibacterial activity: Influence of graphene

oxide size performance

Vi Truong

D-6* Student 15:00~15:10 Fabrication of In2Se3 nanocubes via laser

ablation in liquid

Siddhant

Dhongade

D-7* Student 15:10~15:20 Liquid Thermoelectric Composites Based on

Bismuth Telluride and CNTs Hao-Jen You

D-8* Student 15:20~15:30

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity of

Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites from

Ultraviolet to Near infrared light towards the

degradation of Organic Dyes.

Kebena Gebeyehu

Session E: Cellulose Nanofibers Composites

(IB-307, 13:20~15:30, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Orlando Rojas & Toyoko Imae


E-1 Invited speaker 13:20~13:45 Recent Developments in Advanced Materials

from Nanopolysaccharides and Nanolignins. Orlando Rojas

E-2 Invited speaker 13:45~14:10 Characteristics of cellulose nanofiber and

application of its composite films Toyoko Imae

10

E-3 Invited speaker 14:10~14:35 Cellulose nanofiber. What is it and what is it

good for? A. N. Nakagaito

E-4 Invited speaker 14:35~15:00 Studies on network structures in mixed

carrageenan gels by NMR and particle tracking Shingo Matsukawa

E-5 Delegate 15:00~15:15

Cellulose nanocrystal/κ-carrageenan

bionanocomposite film: Ecofriendly synthesis,

physicochemical characterization and properties

Mithilesh Yadav

E-6* Student 15:15~15:25 Resin impregnation of solvent treated cellulose

nanofibre preform by solution dipping technique

Devendran

Thirunavukarasu

E-7* Student 15:25~15:35

Characterization on the gelation mechanism and

network structure of mixed carrageenan gels

using particle tracking

Lester Geonzon

Session F: Functional/Smart Fiber

(IB-308, 13:20~15:30, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Kuo-Bin Cheng & Wei-Hung Chen


F-1 Invited speaker 13:20~13:45 The R&D of Functional Fibers and Polymers in

TMIRC Kuo-Bin Cheng

F-2 Invited speaker 13:45~14:10

Smart & Functional Textiles：The development

of advanced functional fibers for textile

applications

Wei-Hung Chen

F-3 Invited speaker 14:10~14:35 To explore the possibility of re-building textile

ecosystem Jo-Hwa Li

F-4 Delegate 14:35~14:50 Development and Characterization of Thermal-

responsive Moisture-regulation Smart Fabrics Wen-Hsiang Chen

F-5* Student 14:50~15:00 Electrospun Eu(TTA)3 phen/polymer blend

nanofibers for photoluminescent smart fabrics

Manjusha

Dandekar

F-6* Student 15:00~15:10

Influence of polymer in photoluminescence

properties of electrospun Eu3+doped polymer

nanofibers

Sangeeta Itankar

F-7* Student 15:10~15:20

Switchable Wettability of Electrospun

poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-NMA)

Nanofiber Membranes and Their Applications as

Potential Material for Smart Textiles

Laika Jayne C.

Montefalcon

11

F-8* Student 15:20~15:30

Infrared-driven poly(vinylidene

difluoride)/tungsten oxide pyroelectric generator

for non-contact energy harvesting

Min-Hui Chou

Session G: Fiber Reinforced Composites

(IB-301, 16:00~17:55, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Yoshinobu Shimamura & Jia-Lin Tsai


G-1 Invited speaker 16:00~16:25 Very high cycle fatigue of CFRP laminate Yoshinobu

Shimamura

G-2 Invited speaker 16:25~16:50

Characterizing compressive failure behaviors of

composite sandwich structure with debond

defect

Jia-Lin Tsai

G-3 Invited speaker 16:50~17:15

The Effects of Fiber Ply Orientation, Laminate Layer, and

PLA Content on Tensile and Fatigue Strength of Carbon

Fiber Reinforced Bio-Plastic Composites

Ri-ichi Murakami

G-4* Student 17:15~17:25 Welding residual stress analysis on dissimilar metal

welded joint applied to LNG fuel tank for coastal vessels Tae Yeob Kim

G-5* Student 17:25~17:35 A Study on Mechanical Properties after Bonded Repair of

Sandwich Composite Materials Sung Hoon Kim

G-6 Student 17:35~17:45 Influences of Construction Procedure on the Strength of

Single-Lap Laminated Plates Bo-Chiuan Su

Session H: Energy

(IB-302, 16:00~17:50, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Subhash B. Kondawar & Riski Titian Ginting


H-1 Invited speaker 16:00~16:25

Facile fabrication of one dimensional carbon

reinforced conducting polymer nanocomposites for

supercapacitors

Subhash B.

Kondawar

H-2 Invited speaker 16:25~16:50

Highly Transparent Silver Nanowires/Ni(OH)2

Electrodes for Bi-functional Ultra- Flexible

Electrochromic-Supercapacitors

Riski Titian

Ginting

H-3* Student 16:50~17:00 Facile fabrication of one dimensional CNF/NiFe2S4

for high performance supercapacitor Rounak Atram

H-4* Student 17:00~17:10 Cost Effective Partially Fluorinated Electrolyte

Formulation for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Battery

Tesfaye Teka

Hagos

12

H-5* Student 17:10~17:20 Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopic imaging

used for inspecting PEDOT:PSS/n-Si solar cells Swapnil Shinde

H-6* Student 17:20~17:30 Green reduction of graphene oxide using various

reducing agent for supercapacitor applications Kam Sheng Lau

H-7 Student 17:30~17:40

Electrical Behavior of Piezo-electrical Ceramics

associated with the Mechanical Exertion using

for Space Energy Harvesting

Hyeong Sub Shin

H-8 Student 17:40~17:50

New 2.1 V Lithium- ion Battery with Sulfurized

Polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) Anode and LiMn2O4

Cathode

Gebregziabher

Brhane Berhe

Session I: Inorganic Nanomaterials (II)

(IB-307, 16:00~17:50, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Dong-Hau Kuo & Mahendra More


I-1 Invited speaker 16:00~16:25 Semiconducting Catalysts for Energy and

Environment Dong-Hau Kuo

I-2 Invited speaker 16:25~16:50

Oxynitride Phosphor Syntheses Using

Nonstoichiometrically-Weighed Starting

Materials

Toshihiro Moriga

I-3 Invited speaker 16:50~17:15 Electronic and crystal structure analysis of metal

oxides using synchrotron X-rays Masatsugu Oishi

I-4 Delegate 17:15~17:30

Cyclical Electric Influence in Cracked

Piezoelectric Ceramic Under a Constant

Mechanical Load

Dong Chul Shin

I-5* Student 17:30~17:40 Ultrafast carrier dynamics of laser-ablated rGO

decorated with Au Yatin Bhamare

I-6* Student 17:40~17:50

Current density effects on plasma emission during

Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) on AZ91D-Mg

alloy

Krunal Girase

Session J: Electrospinning Technology

(IB-308, 16:00~17:40, Aug. 10)

Session Chair: Chien-Chung Chen & Chang Mou Wu


J-1 Invited speaker 16:00~16:25

Novel Electrospun Microtube Array Membrane-

Double (MTAM-D) Based Capture Device for

Efficient Endotoxin Removal

Chien-Chung

Chen

13

J-2 Delegate 16:25~16:40 Development of Nanofiber Medical Equipment

& Present Nanofiber application Chikashi Naito

J-3 Delegate 16:40~16:55

Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofiber

Chemosensor and Stretchable Perovskite-

Embedded Fiber Membranes for Light-Emitting

Diodes

Loganathan

Veeramuthu

J-4 Delegate 16:55~17:10 Electrospun PVdF-PMMA composite polymer

electrolyte membrane for lithium ion battery

Deoram V.

Nandanwar

J-5* Student 17:10~17:20

LPG sensing properties of electrospun in-situ

polymerized polyaniline/MWCNT composite

nanofibers

Pallavi Patil

J-6* Student 17:20~17:30

Colour tunable photoluminescence from

samarium and dyspprosium co-doped ZnO

nanofibers

Chaitali Pangul

J-7* Student 17:30~17:40

Self-Floating Tungsten Bronze/Recycled

Cellulose Triacetate Porous Fiber Membranes

for Efficient Light-Driven Interfacial Water

Evaporation

Saba Naseem

14

Day 2 (Aug, 11)

Session L: Inorganic Material & Device (II)

(IB-308, 10:40~12:10, Aug. 11)

Session Chair: Toshihiro Moriga & Meng-Lin Tsai


L-1 Invited speaker 10:40~11:05

Novel Heterostructures comprised of Rare Earth

Hexaborides and Metal Oxide Nanostructures for

New Generation Cold Cathodes

Mahendra More

L-2 Invited speaker 11:05~11:30 Quantum Dots for the Next Generation Display

Technology Meng-Lin Tsai

Session K: Inorganic Material & Device (I)

(IB-101, 10:40~12:10, Aug. 11)

Session Chair: Wen-Cheng Ke & Tae-Gyu Kim


K-1 Invited speaker 10:40~11:05

Development of novel micro/nanoscale hybrid

patterned sapphire substrate for high efficiency

InGaN based light emitting diodes

Wen-Cheng Ke

K-2 Invited speaker 11:05~11:30 Industrial application and thermal properties of

boron doped CVD diamond thin films Tae-Gyu Kim

K-3 Invited speaker 11:30~11:55

Fabrication and characterization of flexible

conductive transparent electrodes based on

nanostructured silver-layers

Keh-Moh Lin

K-4 Delegate 11:55~12:10 Synthesis of Na-P Zeolite from Geothermal

Sludge Hazwani Suhaimi

Session: Plenary

(IB-101, 09:00~10:20, Aug. 11)

Session Chair: Ri-ichi Murakami


III Plenary

speaker 09:00~09:40

Development of Organic Polymers and

Nanocomposites for Electronic Applications Wen-Chang Chen

IV Plenary

speaker 09:40~10:20

Effective Surface-Modification of Halloysite

Nanotubes for Polymer based FRP

Nanocomposites

Yun-Hae Kim

15

L-3 Student 11:30~11:40 Processing and Properties of Carbon-nanotube

Composites in Sheet Forms Jyun-Ming Luo

L-4 Student 11:40~11:50

Effect of Morphological Structure of HNT

Surface Modified by Thermal Treatment on

Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix

Nanocomposites in Water Environment

Soo-Jeong Park

L-5 Student 11:50~12:00

An Application of High Temperature Gas

Nitriding (HTGN)Method to Improve the

Quality of Implant Materials 316L and 316LVM

Deni Fajar

Fitriyana

16

Session: Poster Session I


Inorganic material Poster

No. Title Presenter

IP-1* Anticorrosive Paint Containing Indium Oxide for Protection of 304

Stainless Steel Chun-Hsuan Chung

IP-2* Degradation of machined surface in wire electrical discharge

machining of polycrystalline diamond Tsung-Hsieh Yeh

IP-3* The Investigation of Interfacial Reactions between Bulk Metallic Glass

and Lead-free Solders Cheng-Han Lee

IP-4* The development of a monitoring system for analyzing factors

affecting film thickness in the sputtering process Cheng-Hsueh Chou

IP-5* Cathodic protection on steel via photoelectrochemical effect of

TiO2/In2O3 composite film Chang-Lun Guh

IP-6* Effects of Sintering Aid on syntheses of Zr2-xTix(WO4)(PO4)2 and

Zr2(W1-yMoyO4)(PO4)2 Tomoki Sawada

IP-7* Simple synthesis by using molten salt method and characterization of

SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 thermoelectric conversion material Ryutaro Nagata

IP-8* Mechanism of Enhancing the Points of Discharge in the Liquid Phase

Plasma Synthesis System Jason Yang

IP-9* Removal Characteristics of Shop-primer Paint by Laser Energy

Density in Q-switching Fiber Laser Cleaning Jieon Kim

IP-10* Metallic bipolar plates of impedance analysis in fuel cells Wei-Jen Chen

IP-11* Nanostructure formation of Preparation of WS2 nanoparticles using

laser ablation method and evaluation of optical properties Kohei Sasaki

IP-12* Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles-molybdenum

disulfide nanocomposite Hiroto Yoshimoto

IP-13* Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Photoinduced Damage of Stratum

Corneum by CW laser Yuki Kawai

IP-14* Optical properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film Deposited on gold

nanoparticles dispersion by sol-gel method Masanori Higuchi

IP-17 Study on the Difference of Heat Input during Laser Surface Heat-

Treatment for Press Die Cast Iron and Plastic Mold Steel Moo-Keun Song

17

Organic material Poster

No. Title Presenter

OP-1* Electrospun Polyaniline/Polyacrylonitrile (PANI/PAN) Composite

Nanofibers for Detection of Volatile Organic Gases Snehal Kargirwar

OP-2* Aging effects on the network structure of agarose gels Faith Bernadette

Descallar

OP-3* Preparation and characterization of the nanocellulose/polyurethane

films Guan-Yu Chu

OP-4* Electrospun poly(lactic acid) fibers by using esters as the solvent Ying-Fang Zhao

OP-5*

Synthesis and properties of low-crystallinity nylon 6 with high

transparency and low hygroscopicity Containing adipic acid and

isophthalic acid

Bo-Sien Yu

OP-6* Manufacturing and Properties of Sandwich Composite with Weft

Knitting Fabric Core Yi-Fang Zhuang

OP-7* Nano-Pb decorated on Active Carbon by wet -chemical dipping

method Chin-Lin Chou

OP-8* A Coating containing Polyacrylate Copolymer with dispersing Nano

Zirconium Dioxide Jia-Dai Zhao

OP-9* Effect of electrolyte to carrier dynamics in hematite photoanode Yutaro Maki

OP-10 Enhance the performance of inverted organic solar cells with a

commercially available dispersant as an interface modification layer Wei-Chen Chien

OP-11 Synthesis and characterization of core-shell structured PANDB/PP

conductive composites Cheng-Ho Chen

OP-12 Recycled Coffee Gunny Reinforced High Density Polyethylene

Composites Yeng-Fong Shih

OP-13 Preparation and properties of an environmentally friendly

hyperbranched flame retardant polyurethane hybrid Chin-Lung Chiang

OP-14 Dispersion Technology on Mechanical Properties of Carbon

nanomaterials Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites Ming-Yuan Shen

OP-15 Bending of Glass Fabrics/Corrugated Paper/Epoxy Sandwich

Composites Jieng-Chiang Chen

OP-16 Structural Design and Mechanical Performance Evaluations of Flexible

and Lightweight Belt by CFRP Sung-Youl Bae

18

Session: Poster Session II


Inorganic material Poster

No. Title Presenter

IP-15 Preparation of anisotropic CdSe-P3HT core-shell architectures using

functionalized CdSe nanorods Jae-Han Jung

IP-16 A Study on adhesion property of damped aluminum laminate for

automotive components Sung-Youl Bae

IP-18 ZIF-67 derivatives as the bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable

zinc-air battery Kuei-Yuan Chen

IP-19 Geometrical scale dependency of thin film solid oxide fuel cells Ikwhang Chang

IP-20 Optimization of Operation Efficiency for e-Drive System using WFSM

for Electric Vehicle Ho-Chang Jung

IP-21 High voltage (> 4V) supercapacitor with ionic liquid gel electrolyte for

applications in extreme conditions Chao-Yuan Cheng

IP-22

The Effect of Spraying Distance and Spraying Pressure on The Twin

Wire Arc Spray (TWAS) Coating for Pump Impeller From Stainless

Steel 304

D.F. Fitriyana

IP-23 Tri-layered Conductive Films Based on CNTs and AgNWs with High

Stretchability and Insignificant Piezoresistivity Li-Cheng Jheng

IP-24 Facile synthesis of SiO2/cobalt-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) as an efficient

photocatalyst for hydrogen production Chiao-Chen Hsu

IP-25 Development of automated lay-up robot system for jointing process of

GRP pipes of 1,800 mm to 3,700 mm diameter Jae Youl Lee

IP-26 Preparation of Cobalt Carbide CoxC (x=2, 3) Nanoparticles for

Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Yi-Heng Lin

Organic material Poster

No. Title Presenter

OP-17 Study on Standardized Physical Properties of 3D Printing Materials

Applying for UAV Propellers Yun-Lan Yeh

OP-18 Study on Characteristics of Piezoelectric Fiber Composites Min-Yan Dong

OP-19 Study of Environmental Properties of Rubber-Nanocomposites

Derived From Styrene-Butadiene Rubber and Nano Carbon Black Rajesh Gupta

19

OP-20 Nano-micelle structure of modified hyaluronic acid for cosmetics

application Lu-Chih Wang

OP-21 Static Strength Assessment of Sandwich Panels with

Glass/Polypropylene Faces and Aluminum Foam Cores Yi-Ming Jen

OP-22 Pultruded glass fiber reinforced brominated-epoxy composites:

Dynamic mechanical and flame retardant properties Chin-Hsing Chen

OP-23 Improving the dispersion of carbon fiber in polypropylene through

incorporating special composites Miao-Hui Chen

OP-24 Mechanical Properties for Meso-model of Spread Tow Composites Sang-Jin Lee

OP-25 Analysis of residual stress in welding parts of cryogenic materials for

LNG storage tank Chang Wook Park

OP-26 Structural safety analysis of mechanical joint on dissimilar materials

for PFP structures Sung Won Yoon

OP-27 Design of mechanical joint on dissimilar materials for composites

intermediate shaft Je Hyoung Cho

OP-28 Modified Ammonium Polyphosphates/Bamboo Fiber/Poly(lactic acid)

Flame Retarded Composites Zhong-Zhe Lai

OP-29 Mechanical properties and anti-wear behavior of Nanocrystalline

cellulose reinforced polylactic acid composites Wei-Cheng Wang

OP-30 Application of recycled materials on compression calf sleeves Ching-Che Cheng

OP-31 Immobilizing laccase with electrospun chitosan fiber to prepare

biosensor prototype for food quality monitoring Hui-Huang Chen

OP-32 The study on Coffee biomass Composites Materials and its application

on Green Club Grip Hsu-Chiang Kuan

OP-33 The study on coffee slag/recycled polystyrene circulation materials and

its application on blinds Chen-Feng Kuan

OP-34 Performance assessment on solid cylindrical rubber after aged by salt

spray Chia-Chin Wu

OP-35 Study on friction behavior for staple carbon yarn composites Yi-Ching Cheng

20

Presentation Guidelines

21


NAC 2019

Oral Presentation Guidelines

Thank you for presenting at The 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and

Advanced Composites that going to held at the National Taiwan University of Science

and Technology, from August 9-11, 2019.

There will be four types of oral presentation by : Plenary speaker, Invited speaker,

Delegate and Student.

Duration of presentation

Oral Pesentation Time Duration

Plenary speaker 40 min

Invited speaker 25 min

Delegate 15 min

Student 10 min

1. Use a bell to aware about the remaining time. The first ring means 2 minutes

remaining for the talk, and the second one means the end of the presentation.

2. If time permits, the session chair will ask audience for question to use speaker .

3. We strongly recommend that not to access the Internet in your presentation

because of possible delays. Use screen snapshots instead.

4. Give your presentation, engage the audience, enjoy and benefit from the

discussion! Please try to maintain the time limit else the session chair will have

to interrupt and ask you to end your presentation in time.

As a speaker, please check the followings :

1. Before the Conference

Prepare your slides in advance to ensure that the content of your presentation.

Please refer to the tips for making slides that are legible, clear, and engaging.

2. At the conference

Confirm the location and arrive early, at least 10 minutes before the start of

your session. Meet the chair and confirm the session line-up.

If you want upload you file, please ask the staff to do it for you.

22


NAC 2019

Poster Presentation Guidelines

The 2019 NAC Poster Sessions will be held at the Gallery Room (B) from August 9-

10, 2019 in 13:00-18:00 time blocks. Poster presentations provide an opportunity for

an interactive exchange of ideas between the presenter and audience.

The objective of a poster is to outline the findings from research, program

implementation or advocacy interventions clearly and concisely so that they can be

understood even without an oral explanation since posters will also be displayed and

viewed even when the author is not present.

Poster Session Schedule Posters will be grouped in themes and presenters will be assigned a poster display time

and location.

Poster Session Session Date Session Time Setup Time Evaluation Time

1 9 August 13:00-18:00 12:30 13:00-13:20

15:30-16:00

2 10 August 13:00-18:00 12:30 -

Poster Setup All posters will be assigned a poster number. The first digit represents the poster session

(see dates and times above) and the second/third digit(s) represent the poster display

number. For example, poster IP-01 will be presented during Poster Session Ⅰ on

August 9 from 13:00 to 18:00 am .

Presenters must locate their assigned poster display, which will be numbered, and hung

at least 15 minutes before the poster session. Materials to mount posters will be

provided by the conference organizers.

Important things to Know

1. All posters should be prepared in advance and brought to the conference by the

presenters. The conference organizers are NOT able to receive any posters by

mail in advance, print or transport posters.

2. Each poster should be A0 paper size measuring 84.1 cm (width) × 118.9 cm

(height) or 33.1 inches (width) × 46.8 inches (height).

3. Each presenter is allowed to present one poster and each poster will have its own

display board.

4. Poster Locations: posters will be displayed around the Gallery Room (B) as

shown for public viewing.

23

Invited Speaker Abstract

24


NAC 2019

Metallic Glass: From Coating to First-Ever Nanotube Arrays

Jinn P. Chu

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of

Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Thin film metallic glass (TFMG) is a new class of metallic thin film with unique

characteristics, including high strength, high ductility, smooth surface, absence of grain

boundaries, low coefficient of friction, and corrosion resistance, though their bulk

forms are already well-known for properties because of their amorphous structure. Thin

films prepared by physical vapor-to-solid deposition are expected to be further from

equilibrium than those prepared by liquid-to-solid melting or casting processes. This is

expected to further improve the glass forming ability and widen the composition range

for amorphization. In the first part of my talk, I will present some important TFMG

properties and applications we have discovered in recent years, with emphases on the

low-friction property related application. Then, the metallic glass nanotubes (MGNTs)

on Si fabricated by a simple lithography and sputter deposition process for very large-

scale integration is introduced. This first-ever metallic nanotube array is awarded by

American Chemical Society (ACS) at nano tech Japan 2018 in Tokyo. Like biological

nanostructured surfaces, MGNTs show some surprising water repelling and attracting

properties. Nanotubes are 500-750 nm tall and 500-750 nm in diameter[1]. The MGNT

surface becomes hydrophobic, repelling water. By heating/cooling the array, the surface

hydrophobicity is changed. Two examples will be presented in this talk based on

modifications of this scheme. First, after modification of biotin, the array acts as a

waveguiding layer for an optical sensor. The MGNT sensor waveguide could readily

detect the streptavidin by monitoring the shift. The detection limit of the arrays for

streptavidin is estimated to be 25 nM, with a detection time of 10 min. Thus, the arrays

may be used as a versatile platform for high-sensitive label-free optical biosensing [2].

Second, the array is prepared on a heating device and, with an applied electric voltage

to the heating device underneath, so that the arrays are functioned as biomimetic

artificial suckers for thermally adhesion response [3].

REFERENCES

[1] J. K. Chen, W. T. Chen, C. C. Cheng, C. C. Yu and J. P. Chu, Metallic glass nanotube

arrays: preparation and surface characterizations, Materials Today, 21 (2018), 178-185..

[2] W. T. Chen, S. S. Li, J. P. Chu, K. C. Feng, J. K. Chen, Fabrication of ordered

metallic glass nanotube arrays for label-free biosensing with diffractive reflectance,

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 102 (2018), 129-135.

[3] W. T. Chen, K. Manivannan, C. C. Yu, J. P. Chu and J. K. Chen, Fabrication of an

artificial nanosucker device with a large area nanotube array of metallic glass,

Nanoscale, 10 (2018) 1366-1375.

25

mailto:[email protected]


NAC 2019

Novel Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Hydrogen

Evolution Reactions - Experimental and Theoretical Investigations

Kohei Uosaki

National Institute for Materials Science


ABSTRACT

Electrochemical energy conversion processes play central roles in the future sustainable

society based on renewable energy. For example, hydrogen, one of the most important carriers,

is produced by electrolysis of water and is converted back to electricity by hydrogen – oxygen

fuel cell. Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/oxygen evolution reaction

(OER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR)/oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are elemental

processes in water electrolysis and hydrogen – oxygen fuel cell, respectively. The rates of these

reactions are strongly dependent on electrode materials, i.e., electrocatalyst [1]. Electrocatalysts

are the key to improve the efficiencies of electrochemical energy conversion processes and

much effort has been made to design electrocatalysts for efficient electrochemical energy

conversion processes rationally based on electrochemical surface science and theoretical

analyses, which are significantly progressed recently.

HER are the simplest and the most studied electrochemical reactions. Although HER takes

place readily at electrodes of Pt group metals and their alloy, cost reduction is essential and the

use of expensive and less abundant Pt group metals must be avoided for water electrolysis to

become a practical hydrogen production process. Large overpotential for ORR is the origin of

the major loss of the efficiency of hydrogen – oxygen fuel cell. Although Pt based materials

work as efficient electrocatalysts, they have several problems such as high cost, less abundance,

poor stability, and still sluggish kinetics. Thus, worldwide efforts have been devoted to find

alternative electrocatalysts for these reactions using much smaller amount of or, preferably, no

precious metal to solve these problems.

Here I will describe our recent theoretical [2] and experimental efforts to develop

electrocatalysts for ORR [3] and HER [4] based on boron nitride, which is an insulator, and

inert substrates as well as new concept of “confined molecular catalyst” for

photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution at Si electrode [5].

REFERENCES

[1] J. O’M. Bockris and A. K. N. Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum (1970).

[2] A. Lyalin et al. (a) J. Phys. Chem. C, 117 (2013) 21359; (b) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15

(2013) 2809; Topics in Catalysis, 57 (2014) 1032; Electrocatalysis, 9 (2018) 182.

[3] (a) K. Uosaki et al., JACS, 136 (2014) 6542; (b) G. Elumalai et al., PCCP, 16 (2014) 13755;

(c) idem, Electrochem. Comm. 66 (2016) 53; (d) idem, JEAC, 819 (2018) 107.

[4] K. Uosaki et al., Sci. Rep., 6 (2016) 32217.

[5] T. Masuda et al., Adv. Mat., 24, 268 (2012).

26



NAC 2019

Develop the Organic Polymers and Nanostructured Materials for

Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications

Wen-Chang Chen

Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

Semiconducting polymers are one of the key materials for flexible electronic,

optoelectronic and energy devices. We employ the chemical structure and architecture

design of donor and acceptor for tuning the electronic and optoelectronic properties,

including HOMO and LUMO energy levels, charge transport, band gap, and

photophysical properties. Also, the nano-morphology manipulation is used to optimize

the device characteristics, such as the polymer chain alignment in the thin-film or

nanostructured state (nanofibers, nanowires, nanoparticles, etc.) of the organic

semiconductors and dielectric materials, and interfacial engineering and process

optimization. Furthermore, the incorporation of biomass materials as the substrate for

green electronic devices is another recent direction, which opens the high value-added

applications for the recyclable materials. Here I focus on the nanostructured block

copolymers for the stretchable electronic and sensory applications in this lecture. We

employ the combination of living polymerization and condensation polymerization to

prepare different architecture of conjugated rod-coil block copolymers. Controlling the

nanostructures and morphologies through the self-assembly and π-π interaction of

conjugated blocks leads to the variation of the electronic and optoelectronic properties

for their applications in multifunctional fluorescence sensors, field-effect transistors,

photovoltaic cells, and non-volatile memory devices. For example, we synthesize

double crystalline block copolymers of P3HT-block-syndiotactic polypropylene and

tune the morphology using the block ratio and solvent polarity, which has a significantly

higher charge carrier mobility than P3HT.By incorporating the soft block to enhance

the ductility and tune the nanostructure, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(butyl

acrylate) shows no cracking formation and maintains a high carrier mobility subjected

a tensile strain of 100%. Besides, highly stretchable polyfluorene-block-polyisoprene

could form luminescent microporous structure for wearable sensory applications.

Furthermore, the donor-acceptor conjugated polymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene)

(P3HT)-block-pendent poly(isoindigo) (Piso) perform the dual function of charge-

transporting (P3HT) as well as charge-storage (Piso), which may replace traditional

two-layer transistor-type electrical memory devices. Our next target is to incorporate

the biodegradable block into the rod-coil block copolymers, in which new synthetic

methodology, interfacial structure, and device optimization could be very different,

compared to the petroleum based materials. However, it is inevitable that that the

integration of green design with the resource recovery from the end-of-life electronics

for the development of green electronics and sustainable environment.

27



NAC 2019

Effective Surface-Modification of Halloysite Nanotubes for Polymer

based FRP Nanocomposites

Yun-Hae Kim1, Soo-Jeong Park2,*, Yu Tianyu2, Chen Zixuan2

1 Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea

Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, Republic of Korea 2 Major in Materials Engineering, Graduate School, Korea Maritime and Ocean

University. Busan, Republic of Korea *E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are environment-friendly nanomaterials originating

from geologically weathered or hydrothermally altered rocks. It is chemically similar

to kaolinite but the HNT is divided into a single layer of water molecules. The HNT has

a dominant form of tubular structure, and the 1: 1 type layer structure. HNT has high

surface area, unique surface properties. Also, it is highly applicable as additive fillers

of polymer. The HNT is one of the natural nanofillers which is effective in improving

mechanical properties and thermal stability. It can be loaded with various materials

chemically and biologically, thus being highly competitive in various industrial fields.

The surface chemistry polymerization of HNT has been studied variously. In the

bonding of HNT with the polymer resin, the material is mainly limited to the

constituents of the HNT and the polymer resin. Therefore, the efficiency of the

heterogeneous catalyst is required. In particular, the interaction between the HNT filler

and the laminates interface directly affects the properties of the material.

Therefore, in this study, the surface modification of HNT for the use of HNT as a

reinforcing material in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites was studied. The

effective surface modification of HNT was focused on bonding with polymer and with

fiber reinforcement, and thermal treatment and electrophoretic deposition were,

respectively, used. Morphological characteristics of modified-HNTs (m-HNTs)

prepared using different surface modification methods were analyzed. In addition, m-

HNTs/FRP nanocomposites were manufactured using m-HNTs as fillers, and the

structural and mechanical properties of m-HNTs/FRP nanocomposites were compared

and evaluated.

28



NAC 2019

Mechanically Robust Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposite for Bone

Repair

Yuanchi Zhang1, Jinlian Hu*1,2

1 Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

2 Smart Polymeric Biomaterials Center, The HongKong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research

Institute, Shenzhen, China


ABSTRACT

Bone defect has become one of the most concerning issues in public health area due to its high

cause of disability and morbidity. Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have potential utility in minimally

invasive surgery for bone repair. However, insufficient mechanical properties and unsatisfactory

biocompatibility always hinder their further applications. Based on these PCL-SMPUs, composites

incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) or hydroxyapatite (HA) was studied for minimally invasive

biomedical applications. In this study, HA and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofillers was

incorporated first and then used to modify shape memory polyurethane to enhance its mechanical

performances. We further modified the nanocomposite using aginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD

peptide) to improve its biocompatibility. We then systematically investigated the physical and

biological properties in terms of their chemical structure, surface wettability, mechanical behavior,

shape memory performance and cell adhesion. Our results demonstrated that multi-modified

SMPU/HA/rGO/RGD nanocomposite possessed significantly enhanced mechanical properties e.g.,

~200% increase in Young’s modulus and >300% enhancement in tensile strength compared with its

pristine SMPU). The enhanced mechanical properties may be due to the intercalated structure and

reinforced interaction inside the nanocomposite. Besides, as a bone repair material, boosted adhesion

of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (RMSC) were obviously demonstrated on RGD-immobilized

SMPU nanocomposite surface. With advanced shape memory effect (e.g. 97.3% of shape memory

fixity ratio and 98.2% of shape memory recovery ratio), we envision that our SMPU/HA/rGO/RGD

nanocomposite owns enormous potential in biomedical applications especially for minimally invasive

bone repair.

Fig.1. Molecularly design of mechanically robust SMPU nanocomposite for minimally invasive bone

repair

29



NAC 2019

Fabrication of implantable biosensor for in vivo glucose monitoring

Mikito Yasuzawa

Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokushima University, JAPAN


ABSTRACT

It is well known that keeping good control of the blood glucose level can prevent the onset and

progression of serious diabetes complications. Therefore, it is important to accurately recognize the

blood glucose degree and provide appropriate treatments, such as insulin therapy. Development of

implantable glucose sensors for a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) has provided

significant benefit, since it not only provide instant glucose level but also its continuous trend, which

help to reduce the risk of unnecessary treatment. In addition, it lower the physical and mental load of

diabetes patient on glucose measurement. However, length of 1 cm must be injected in the tissue

for the placement of the sensor. Therefore, the development of lower invasive CGMS is longed to

improve the quality of life of the diabetic patients.

In this study, a unique fine needle tube type glucose sensor, which has sensing region at the tip

of a fine tapered electrode, was prepared. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on platinum-iridium

alloy electrode by firstly, the eletrodeposition of enzyme in the presence of surfactant, Triton X-100,

and secondly, the electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in order to generate a polymer film

from the electrode surface, which function not only as an enzyme entrapping film, but also as a

permselective film. Ag/AgCl film was coated on the surface of PEEK tube as reference electrode.

Glucose sensor properties of the obtained electrode were evaluated in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer

solution at 40˚C, and also in vivo measurement using a rabbit. The obtained sensor was less influenced

by the existence of electroactive compound in biological fluid, such as ascorbic and uric acids. The

sensor was inserted in the skin of a rabbit for a length of less than 1 mm and presented clear glucose

sensor response, which correspond to the change of internal glucose concentration.

30



NAC 2019

Surface modifications in wire electrical discharge machining of polycrystalline

silicon using assisting electrodes

Chunliang Kuo *, Anchun Chiang

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and technology


ABSTRACT

This paper develops a new in-process WEDM surface alloying process using assisting electrodes

arranged in a stack order with the target workpiece material which transfers the preferred alloy

elements to the target surface. The process involves the material migration from the upper and lower

aluminum electrode materials to the sandwiched silicon material when the wire reciprocally moves

in the vertical direction coupled with a proper feedrate. The designs of the machine tool and the

discharge circuit are specifically designed for a rectangular wave forms to sustaining the transferred

electrical power into heat under a predetermined period. A full factorial experiment using statistical

methods (3×2×2×2) is performed to identify the significant factors amongst the involved parameters

of electrode thickness, triggered circuit resistant, open voltage, pulse-on time for the developed

surface alloying process. In addition, the validation of the element transfer with the preferable

parameters such as thickness of the sandwiched electrode materials, servo voltage, peak current, pulse

on-time, pressure, and flow rate of the dielectrics are confirmed. In the multiple objective

optimization, the experimental results suggested that the surface modification, material removal rate

and surface roughness of 3.26 wt.%, 7.08 mg/min and Sa 4.3 µm respectively were simultaneously

produced under the preferable conditions. The surface integrity in terms of microstructure and

alloying content is also investigated and discussed to advance the understanding of the underlying

mechanism of the WEDM induced surface alloying.

31



NAC 2019

A Review Study on In-vivo Corrosion Characterization and Assessment of

Absorbable Metal Implants

Wahyu Caesarendra1,2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam


ABSTRACT

Absorbable metals is a new class of metallic biomaterials intended for temporary medical

implants. Iron, zinc and magnesium are included in absorbable metals class. The metallurgical

characterization and in-vitro corrosion assessment of these metals are included in the new ASTM

standards F3160 and F3268. However, the in-vivo corrosion characterization and assessment of

absorbable metal implants are not yet well established. The corrosion of metals in the in-vivo

environment leads to metal ions release and corrosion products formation that may cause excessive

toxicity. This presentation provides a review on the in-vivo corrosion characterization and assessment

of absorbable metal implants from the currently used techniques such as implant retrieval and

histological analysis, ultrasonography and radiography, to the new techniques capable of real-time

in-vivo corrosion monitoring.

32



NAC 2019

Nanocarbon materials for electromagnetic shielding applications

Qing-Qing Ni 1*, Hong Xia1

1 Dept of Mechanical Engineering & Robotics, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan


ABSTRACT

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding refers to the reflection and/or adsorption of

electromagnetic radiation by a material, which thereby acts as a shield against the penetration of the

radiation through it. Polymer composites are extensively employed in EMI shielding [1] due to their

superior molding, more dependable lightweight and respected adsorption property of EMI wave. In

this presentation, the nanocarbon materials developed for electromagnetic shielding are introduced.

Their fabrication process, characterization and applications were discussed [2-5]. The continuous

carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) is also discussed as an important EMI material for its

high conductivity and excellent mechanical property. The EMI anisotropic behavior is

investigated and a new nondestructive evaluation (NDE) based on EMI SE

characteristics is proposed.

33



NAC 2019

Recent progress on metal sulfide composite nanomaterials for photocatalytic

hydrogen production

Chi-Jung Chang

Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University


ABSTRACT

Metal sulfide-based photocatalysts have gained much attention due to their outstanding

photocatalytic properties. This presentation discusses recent developments on metal sulfide-based

nanomaterials for H2 production, acting as either photocatalysts or cocatalysts, especially in the last

decade. Recent progress on key experimental parameters, in-situ characterization methods, and the

performance of the metal sulfide photocatalysts are systematically discussed, including the forms of

heterogeneous composite photocatalysts, immobilized photocatalysts, and magnetically separable

photocatalysts. Some methods have been studied to solve the problem of rapid recombination of

photoinduced carriers. The electronic density of photocatalysts can be investigated by in-situ C K-

edge near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra to study the mechanism of the

photocatalytic process. The effects of crystal properties, nanostructure, cocatalyst, sacrificial agent,

electrically conductive materials, doping, calcination, crystal size, and pH on the performance of

composite photocatalysts are presented. Moreover, the facet effect and light trapping (or light

harvesting) effect, which can improve the photocatalytic activity, are also discussed.

34



NAC 2019

Recovery of Toxic Metal Ions using a Novel Polymeric

Nanocomposite: Batch Separation and Thermal Degradation Kinetic Studies

Wasudeo B. Gurnule

Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur-440024, India


Copolymer as an ion exchange resin was synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-

Dihydroxypropiophenone and formaldehyde with 1,5-diaminonaphthalene in mole ratio of 1:2:1 of

the reacting monomers in the presence of hydrochloric acid as catalyst. A new attempt was made to

prepare a novel composite using synthetic copolymer resin and nano carbon black. Besides ion-

exchange properties, the copolymer resins and its nanocomposites were also characterized by

viscometric measurements in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), UV-visible absorption spectra in non-

aqueous medium, infra-red spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The physico-chemical

and spectral methods were used to elucidate the structures of PFB resins. The average molecular

weight of copolymer resin has been evaluated by vapour pressure osmometry and non-aqueous

conductometric titration method. The surface morphology and thermal stability of the adsorbent

resins were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis

(TGA).

A detailed analysis of recovery of selected toxic and heavy metal ions (Co2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and

Hg2+) by the copolymer and composite was carried out by batch separation method. The results

revealed that the composite showed better results which may be due to the particle size, high porous

nature and larger surface area. The results were compared with earlier reported and commercially

available resins and found that the metal ion recovered by the reported synthetic adsorbents was quite

remarkable to commercial phenolic and polystyrene resins. The adsorbents could also be successfully

reused for several cycles of ion-exchange process. The copolymer and its composite had observed

higher thermal stability. In addition, using Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carroll methods, the

thermodynamic kinetic parameters viz. activation energy, free energy, apparent entropy, frequency

factor & entropy change were calculated from TG data and the results are found mutual with each

other. The decomposition of the copolymer and its composite followed second and higher order

kinetics.

Keywords: Copolymer, Nanocomposite, Morphology, Ion-exchange, Thermal degradation.

35



NAC 2019

Structural investigations on the improvement in optical and electrical

properties of 2D nanostructures

Pankaj Koinkar

Department of Optical Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social

Sciences, Tokushima University, JAPAN

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The human life is greatly relying on the smart technology and high-tech devices. The

technology has been created to benefit our lives significantly and too much use of technology makes

us to much dependent on it. In recent years, with advances and development in technology, our

lifestyle is really changed in particular communication styles. The future is holds in the field of

nanomaterials that has changed over the years and it has even become better. The two dimensional

(2D) materials are emerging as a new class of nanomaterials that can be used for novel device

technologies in next-generation electronics. In the past decade, research efforts on 2D nanomaterials

has grown rapidly with exceptional potential applications. The 2D nanomaterials can be synthesized

using various physical and chemical approach in order to achieved the control growth. Among many

synthesis methods, the laser ablation in a liquid is known as an alternative physical method for

nanomaterials fabrication. In the present study, the nanosecond laser ablation is used to irradiate two

dimensional (2D) materials in a liquid environment to produce nanostructures. The influence of laser

ablation time on field emission properties has been studied. The transmission electron microscopy

(TEM) and raman spectroscopy have been used to reveals the change in the surface morphology. It is

observed that the laser ablation time is important factor in determining the size of 2D nanostructures.

It confirms the formation of microsheets, nanosheets, and nanoparticles and so on. It suggests that the

size of materials has been reduced from micro to nanoscale after laser ablation treatment. The

nanostructures produced by laser ablation method may be capable for optoelectronic applications.

36



NAC 2019

Growth of indium oxide nanorods by direct plasma oxidation

I-Chen Chen, Yu-Cian Wang and Jyun-Yi Lee

Institute of Materials science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

The development of integration of semiconductor nanostructures on flexible or low-cost

substrates (e.g., polymer foils) has been extensively researched in recent years. With relatively low

decomposition temperatures, most polymers cannot survive the growth temperature used in most of

the growth processes. As a result, there is great interest in the low-temperature growth of

nanomaterials. To realize the low temperature process, application of plasma in chemical reactions

has attracted considerable research attention owning to its high dissociation of incoming gas and local

heating on the surface of the metallic particles. One-dimensional (1D) metal oxide nanostructures

have drawn much attention due to their unique 1D structures and physical properties. Among them,

indium oxide (IO) nanostructures have potential applications in optoelectronics, and thus have been

synthesized using various methods such as thermal evaporation, pulsed laser deposition and reactive

sputtering. Here, We report the growth behavior of IO nanorods (IO-NRs) in electron cyclotron

resonance (ECR) plasma with an Ar–O2 system using indium nanocrystals. The relative amount of

O2 in the gas mixture during growth is a key factor facilitating low temperature growth of IO-NRs as

it has a strong effect on altering the competition between 2D and 1D growth modes. A systematic

study of the flow-ratio dependence of the nanorod growth rate is presented. The effective growth of

IO nanorods has been achieved at temperatures as low as 200 °C. In addition, light harvesting from

IO-NRs as an antireflection coating (ARC) has been demonstrated by depositing IO-NRs on Si3N4-

coated multicrystalline silicon solar cells and compare them to conventional single layer Si3N4 ARC.

It was observed that the IO-NRs could effectively reduce the weighted average reflectance, leading

to an enhancement in short-circuit current, as well as conversion efficiency.

KEYWORDS: Indium oxide; Nanomaterials; Plasma oxidation; Processing & manufacturing

technology

37



NAC 2019

Designing Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework(ZIF)-derived Nanomaterials for

Electrochemical Applications

Min-Hsin Yeh1

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

(Taiwan Tech), Taipei 10607 Taiwan


ABSTRACT

Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of metallic clusters as the nodes

and organic ligands as the linkers, have received rather widespread attention as a novel class of

materials possessing a ultrahigh specific surface area, unique structural topology, and tunable

functionalities that are useful for gas absorption, gas separation, catalysis, and so on. Zeolitic

imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), which are composed of tetrahedrally coordinated transition metal

ions (Co, Cu, Zn, etc.) connected by imidazolate linkers, represent a class of MOFs that are

topologically isomorphic with zeolites since the angle (~145o) of the metal connected by imidazolate

linkers is similar to that of zeolites. Moreover, the highly ordered framework structure and high

elemental composition of ZIFs can be used as unique precursors or sacrificial templates for

synthesizing various nanomaterials with novel characteristics. According to these advantages of ZIF-

derived materials, firstly, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-7) derived ZnSe nanocomposite is

introduced as the electrocatalyst for the CE in a DSSC. First, ZIF-7 powder was subjected to

carbonization and then transformed into ZIF-7/N-doped carbon (ZIF-NC). To further increase the

electrocatalytic ability of the materials, ZIF-7-NC was selenized and transformed into a ZIF-7 derived

ZnSe/N-doped carbon cube (ZIF-ZnSe-NC). After optimizing the weight percentage of the ZIF-ZnSe-

NC film, the DSSCs with a CE of ZIF-ZnSe-NC-11 wt% rendered a photovoltaic conversion

efficiency () of 8.69, which is higher than that of the cell with a Pt CE (8.26). Secondly, a hybrid

structure of a cobalt sulfide nanocage derived from a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and

interconnected by carbon nanotubes (CNT/CoS) was designed and synthesized as an electrode

material for SCs. Carbon nanotubes/ZIF-67 (CNT/ZIF-67) nanocomposites with controlled ZIF-67

particle sizes were systematically studied by varying the mass ratio of CNTs to ZIF-67 during

crystallization, followed by subsequent sulfurization with thioacetamide. Benefiting from the porous

nanocage architecture and conductive CNTs, the optimized CNT/CoS nanocage exhibited excellent

electrochemical performance with an outstanding specific capacitance (2173.1 F g-1 at 5 A g-1) and

high rate capability (65% retention at 20 A g-1). More importantly, a symmetric supercapacitor gave

an energy density of 23.3 W h kg-1 at a power density of 3382.2 W kg-1 and impressive long-term

stability (96.6% retention after 5,000 cycles).

38



NAC 2019

Recent Developments in Advanced Materials from Nanopolysaccharides and

Nanolignins

Orlando J. Rojas

Aalto University, Department of bioproducts and Biosystems, Finland

e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Fibrils and particles derived from nano-polysaccharides and lignins represent sustainable

answers to some critical demands of the future bioeconomy. They have been at the center of our

interest in efforts to reveal their remarkable opportunities, especially for the formulation of films,

coatings, and filaments. They are also ideally suited in the stabilization of multi-phase systems,

including emulsions and foams. Various options for deployment of related, emerging nano- and micro

structures are anticipated considering their interfacial activity and their ability to network and self-

assemble in aqueous suspension, especially applicable to lignocellulose nanofibrils and nanochitins.

The results of our work highlight the important effect of residual lignin or type of nanocellulose on

coating layers and the development of surface properties. By physical fractionation, which is coupled

with chemical composition, it is possible to tailor nanofibril cross-linking and associated optical and

thermo-mechanical performance, opening opportunities for several types of structures. To further

expand such abilities, one can combine the nanomaterials with surfactants, especially, to convert

emulsions into high order, 3D structures, stimuli-responsive and bioactive materials. In these and

other applications, we consider cost drivers and scalability, both of which are quite promising. Our

recent research in these areas will be summarized, providing some leading examples of the potential

of such fascinating bio-based materials.

Acknowledgements:

We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s

Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Advanced Grant agreement No 788489,

“BioElCell”).

39


NAC 2019

Characteristics of cellulose nanofiber and application of its composite films

Toyoko Imae1,2

1 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

In this decade, cellulose nano-fibers (CNFs) are gathering attentions in science because of their

mechanical properties and environmental suitability. In particular, the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-

piperdinyloxy free radical (TEMPO)-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) is the ultrafine fiber and have many

carboxyl groups on its surface, which are suitable for the chemical modifications. In this report,

subjects relating to TOCNF are focused.

Poly(amido amine) dendrimer was immobilized on TOCNF, and its binding ratios at different

mixing ratios were colorimetrically analyzed [1]. The results showed that the dendrimer bound on

TOCNF caused a saturation, while polyethyleneimines (PEIs) almost linearly increased the binding

mass ratio per TOCNF as the mixing ratio rose. The dendrimer/TOCNF composites formed

viscoelastic gels in wide mixing ratios, while the PEIs/TOCNF varied their gel characters depending

on molecular weight of PEI and mixing ratio.

As an environment-conscious catalyst, a nanocomposite of Pt nanoparticles supported by

dendrimer and cellulose nanofiber was designed. The Pt nanoparticle-incorporated dendrimer

(DENPtNPs) was chemically bound on TOCNF [1]. The TOCNF/DENPtNPs gels were dried to form

solid films, and then applied for the decomposition of formaldehyde in gas phase. It was demonstrated

that the dendrimer effectively captured formaldehyde and the PtNPs decomposed it. These results

would be useful to develop catalytic nanocomposite membranes.

Functional cellulose nanofiber films for the production of solar fuel from CO2 gas were prepared

by immobilizing dendrimer and porphyrin derivative and loading an electron donor and enzymes

(formate, aldehyde, and alcohol dehydrogenases) on the films [2]. Porphyrin derivative is a

photosensitizer, and the dendrimer plays the role of a reservoir of guest gases and carrier of

electron/proton in addition to acting as an intermediate for the binding of porphyrin derivative on the

nanofiber. Under the laser irradiation on this system, CO2 gas was converted to methanol, indicating

the successful stepwise conversion by the photoinduced enzymatic reaction.

40



NAC 2019

Cellulose nanofiber. What is it and what is it good for?

A. N. Nakagaito1 and H. Takagi2

Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima,

Japan


E-mail: 2 [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Roughly speaking, cellulose is the stuff paper is made of. As paper is made from wood

converted to pulp fibers, cellulose is a substance mainly produced by plants. It is a biopolymer

photosynthesized from carbon dioxide and water that later is naturally decomposed into the initial

substances, in a perfectly sustainable carbon neutral process. Cellulose is the most abundant

polysacharide on earth and mostly found in the cell wall of plant cells, in which the smallest element

called nanofibers are a few nanometers in diameter and made up of a bundle of long cellulose

molecular chains forming a semi-crystalline structure. The tensile modulus and strength are

comparable to those of aramid fibers [1], a heat-resistant and strong man-made synthetic fiber. The

Young’s modulus of crystalline portions of cellulose was measured to be 138 GPa [2], while the

tensile strength of nanofibers is estimated to be in the range of 1.6 to 3 GPa [3].

Despite the excellent mechanical properties, these nanofibers have to be extracted from the plant cell

wall, where they form the reinforcing phase of a biocomposite. One of the affordable mechanical

extractions of cellulose nanofibers uses a kitchen blender, proposed by Uetani et al. [4]. Kitchen

blender is an appliance intended to disrupt parenchyma cells to extract nutrients from edible plants.

Hence, during blending, the impact with the blender blades would be able to break up the cell walls

and ultimately produce nanofibrillation. Ultrasonication is another approach of fiber disruption

through cavitation in fiber suspensions [5], offering the possibility of continuous nanofibrillation. The

fibrillation by a blender is a simple and straightforward means to produce small amounts of cellulose

nanofibers at laboratory scale whereas ultrasonication is a continuous and scalable process.

Once the cellulose nanofibers are extracted and individualized, they can be reconstituted as the

reinforcing phase of man-made composites. These nanocomposites are stronger than conventional

plant fiber microcomposites, and in some cases can be optically transparent. If the matrix phase

chosen is biodegradable, the composites can be completely biodegraded after disposal. As a

consequence, to the usual reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R), an additional R of return can be added. It

is also possible to produce papers that are stronger than ordinary paper, aerogels for filtration purposes,

use as rheology modifiers, or even use as food additives, expanding the applications of cellulose to

everyday products.

KEYWORDS: cellulose, nanofiber, nanocomposite, paper, extraction

41




NAC 2019

Studies on network structures in mixed carrageenan gels by NMR and particle

tracking

Shingo Matsukawa, Lester Geonzon

Department of Food Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science & Technology


ABSTRACT

Carrageenan(CR) are sulfated polysaccharide obtained from red seaweeds, and are widely used

in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries. In industry, kappa and iota types of CRs are commonly

used which have different sulfate content, and frequently mixed to achieve intended properties. Many

researches have been done on the mixed solutions showing the mixed solutions of kappa and iota CRs

undergo two-step gelation. However, it is still controversial whether the network structure in the

mixed gel is interpenetrated or phase-separated.

NMR is a powerful tool to study the network structure and molecular mobility in hydrogels.

Diffusion and 1H T2 measurements on CR chains enable the evaluation of CR chain mobility in

molecular level and diffusion of probe molecules reveals the diffusing space of nanoscale in the gels.

On the other hand, tracking of Brownian motion of fluorescent submicron particles gives local

rheological properties in the submicron order. The rheological property should reflect the local

environment for each particle and have a distribution when the network structure has an

inhomogeneity in the scale more than the particle size.

We have carried out the NMR measurements and the particle tracking for the mixtures of CRs

in order to clarify the molecular mobility of CR chains and network structure in the mixtures,

suggesting that the structure is on the way to the phase separated structure and frozen to have a

heterogeneity in the micro rheology. The experimental results will be presented for the discussion.

42


NAC 2019

The R&D of Functional Fibers and Polymers in TMIRC

F. L. Huang2, J. Y. Fu2, K. B. Cheng1, 2

1Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia, University, Taichung 407, Taiwan 2Textile and Material Industry Research Center, Feng Chia, University, Taichung 407, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

In this paper, based on a number of functional composite powders developed by the current

TMIRC Center, supplemented by PET, PA6 functional fiber spinning and product technology,

including: 1. Grinding, dispersion and modification of functional powders and their particle size

evaluation; 2. Functional nylon 6/ thermal retention master batch production and pressure rise test; 3.

Functional fiber products (FDY or DTY) fabrication, physical properties and functional analysis; 4.

Fiber and polymer research with optical functions; 5. Make conductive network and sensors by

electronic printing with conductive silver paste; 6. Surface treatment of fiber and polymer with R2R

high power impulse magnetron sputtering system (HIPIMS) to make fiber and Polymer products have

optical, thermal and electrical functions. At present, a number of self-configuring functional

composite powders have been made into highly functional fibers and promoted to the international

market. At present, a number of self-configuring functional composite powders have been made into

highly functional fibers and promoted to the international market. Furthermore, fabricated the master

batch by using physical compounding method and in situ polymerization, spun partial oriented yarn

by melt spinning system, and fabricated DTY and ATY by draw and air textured methods. Expanded

to end applications such as upcycling, multi-tone and multi-functional fibers, polymers, films, plastics

and composites and hope to improve fiber quality and reduce production costs through creative design

and smart manufacturing. Finally, different specifications, multi-tone and multi-functional knitted

fabrics, woven fabrics and composite films are produced by circular knitting machines, shuttleless

looms and semi-automatic coating machines, respectively which are used as cross-industry

application materials.

KEYWORDS:: Physical compounding method; in situ polymerization; POY; DTY; ATY;

upcycling; multi-tone and multi-functional fiber.

43



NAC 2019

The development of advanced functional fibers for textile applications

Wei Hung Chen 1, Wei Peng Lin 2, Yung Tan Lin 2, Ta Chung An 2

1 Department of Products, Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI), Taiwan 2 Department of Raw Materials and Fibers, Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI), Taiwan


ABSTRACT

Advanced functional fibers are important in textile applications, and are demand directly from

the market; many functions have been actually put into practice, such as anti-UV, far infrared,

antistatic, FR, fragrant, conductivity properties, etc. In this work, we developed a hydrophilic nylon

and an antibacterial nylon. The hydrophilic nylon features high moisture regain and moisture

desorption ability. This modified nylon can be achieved by incorporating an amine-terminated

polyesteramide, into the nylon backbone via copolymerization. The moisture absorbing ability MRa

and moisture releasing ability MRd of hydrophilic nylon are 4.6% and 4.3% respectively, higher

than regular nylon. (The MRa and MRd is 2.2% and 2.0%), and the heat transferring ability Q-

Max value of fabric made with this modified nylon is 0.21 W/cm2, much better than regular nylon

(Q-Max is nearly 0.14 W/cm2). Clothes made by hydrophilic nylon can take away the heat form

human skin through evaporation, and provide cool and comfortable feeling for the wearer.

The antibacterial nylon can effectively restrain the growth of microbial and to reduce the stink

of textile products such as underwear, socks and yoga wear. A specific antibacterial agent was used

in nylon by compounding process. The percent reduction of bacteria of Klebsiella pneumoniae,

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus all reached 99% (AATCC 100). By the FTTS-FA-018

odor test results, clothes which made from this antibacterial fiber can reduce 90% of ammonium, and

99% of acetic acid smell. These effects remain 90% even after 50 washing cycles, which means it’s

a long-lasting functional fiber. Both functional fibers are successfully commercialized and had plenty

of products in the markets; the brand name of them are “Aquatimo” and “Protimo”, people can easily

get clothes and garments with these advanced function from internet and brick-and-mortar stores.

.

KEYWORDS: functional fiber, nylon, hydrophilic, antibacterial.

44



NAC 2019

To explore the possibility of re-building textile ecosystem

Li, Jo Hwa1

1 Department of Testing and Certification, Taiwan Textile Research Institute (TTRI)


ABSTRACT

The industrial revolution, which took place 20 decades ago, has brought about the transformation

of human’s life, the automation of textile machine, the emergence of textile industry, the

standardization of procedure, and mass production to meet the needs of middle class consumers. Alvin

Toffler's "Future Shock" published in 1970 mentioned that most of goods have become disposable

and the time for consumers to retain ownership of goods will be shortening, which resulted in linear

economic growth, compared with today's fashion industry "fast fashion". Mr. Toffler seemed to have

foreseen the outcome. The linear economy of "disposable use" has caused the major environmental

impact of the large consumption of resources and the generation of waste. Human survival

environment would face serious challenges, if the optimal strategies of manufacturing processes, raw

materials used, energy used, water used and labor resources have not been adopted.

The basic concept of circular economy originates from cradle to cradle design. It is a

comprehensive "systematic" design thinking. The principle is "waste is food", "use of solar energy",

"biodiversity". Therefore, to follow the cradle-to-cradle design principle has helped to rebuild the

textile ecosystem and the transformation of textile industry from linear economy to circular economy.

The service life of apparel for human is about 1-3 years, and the industrial textiles are used for 10

years or 20~30 years depending on the scenario of usage. If we dedicate to developing new green

materials in nanotechnology, considering the health and safety of ingredients, and designing textile

polymer synthesis and the decomposition in a flexible way corresponding to the service life of textile.

Furthermore, the production and recycling should be more circularity, which will be a state-of-the-art

technology to solve human problems.

Nevertheless, the production of new green materials through precision nanotechnology should

go through stringent certification process to control and monitor the quality, which can ensure fully

communication with the consumers and truly create a circular ecosystem for the textile industry.

45



NAC 2019

Very high cycle fatigue of CFRP laminate

Yoshinobu Shimamura1, Takuya Hayashi2, Hitoshi Miyazaki3, Keiichiro Tohgo1 and Tomoyuki

Fujii1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University

2 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. 3 Graduate student at Shizuoka University


ABSTRACT

Carbon fiber reinforce plastics have been applied to structural materials of blades of wind

turbines and aircraft turbine engines. These blades may suffer from very high cycle fatigue up to 108

– 1010 cycles. Hosoi et al. reported that very high cycle fatigue occurs for CFRP laminates [1].

However, conventional fatigue testing methods consume longer period in excess of 1 year for

obtaining only 1 fatigue data in the very high cycle region. Recently, several researchers have reported

that an ultrasonic fatigue testing method enables us to conduct accelerated bending [2, 3] and axial

[4] fatigue testing.

In this study, an ultrasonic fatigue testing method was applied to accelerate axial fatigue testing

of CFRP laminates in the very high cycle regime. In order to discuss the feasibility, a specimen shape

for ultrasonic fatigue testing was designed to achieve resonance at 20kHz. Then, fatigue testing was

conducted up to 109 cycles, and the fatigue damage was observed by using an optical microscope and

X-ray inspection. The S-N property was compared with fatigue testing results by using a conventional

serve-hydraulic fatigue testing machine.

REFERENCES

1) Hosoi A., Sato N., Kusumoto Y., Fujiwara K. and Kawada H., High-cycle fatigue characteristics

of quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates over 108 cycles, Int. J. Fatigue, 32, pp.29-36 (2010).

2) Backe D., Balle F. and Eifler D., Fatigue testing of CFRP in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF)

regime at ultrasonic frequencies, Compos. Sci. Technol., 106, pp.93-99 (2015).

3) Backe D. and Balle F., Ultrasonic fatigue and microstructural characterization of carbon fiber fabric

reinforced polyphenylene sulfide in the very high cycle fatigue regime, Compos. Sci. Technol., 126,

pp.115-121 (2016).

4) Flore D., Wegener K., Mayer H., Karr U. and Oetting C.C., Investigation of the high and very high

cycle fatigue behavior of continuous fibre reinforced plastics by conventional and ultrasonic testing,

Compos. Sci. Technol., 141, pp.130-136 (2017).

46



NAC 2019

Characterizing compressive failure behaviors of composite sandwich structure

with debond defect

Jia-Lin Tsai

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan

TEL: 886-3-5731608

http://nanocomposite.nctu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

Composite sandwich structures are composed of highly stiff composite face sheets and a low

density foam core. The foam core is sandwiched between two face sheets, and the entire laminate is

bonded together by using an adhesive to form a sandwich structure. During the manufacturing process

or engineering applications, a debond defect between the face sheet and foam core might be generated,

substantially deteriorating the performance of the sandwich structure. This talk will focus on the

failure behaviors of debond sandwich structures subjected to compressive loading. Experiments and

numerical simulations are conducted to understand the effects of the face sheet thickness and debond

length on the compressive strength and failure mechanisms of the composite sandwich structures. It

is revealed that, when the dominant failure mode is global buckling, failure occurs at the intermediate

portion of the foam core and strength could be characterized using the maximum principal strain

criterion. However, when the failure mode is local buckling, failure is initiated at the debond tip, and

strength could be predicted using the damage zone method.

47

http://nanocomposite.nctu.edu.tw/


NAC 2019

The Effects of Fiber Ply Orientation, Laminate Layer, and PLA Content on

Tensile and Fatigue Strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Bio-Plastic

Composites

R. Murakami1*, A. Fajrin2 & W. Solafide 3

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Taiwan R. O. C. 2 Batam Polytechnic, Batam Centre, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau 29461, Indonesia

3 Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan 35365,

Indonesia


ABSTRACT

In this study, the carbon fiber was used to reinforce with two kinds of bioplastic materials.

The first bioplastic material consists of 10% PLA content, the corn starch of 80% and CaCO3 10%

and the second bioplastic material consists of 45 % PLA content, the corn starch of 45% and CaCO3

10%. The composites were also prepared one and two layers of carbon fiber and then ply

orientations of [0°] and [±45°]. The tensile and fatigue tests were performed to study the mechanical

strength of the composites. Composites specimens were subjected to uniaxial tensile and the

preparation of composite follows the ASTM 3039 Standard. The fracture surfaces of tensile and

fatigue specimens were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed

that for ply orientations of [±45°] and two layers of carbon fiber, the tensile strength of PLA 10%

is less than that of PLA 45%. The maximum tensile strength was observed for PLA 45% with a

[0°] ply orientation of two layers of carbon fiber. For composite with two layers of carbon fiber,

the [ 0°] ply orientation normally showed higher the tensile strength than for [45°] ply orientation.

The effect of ply orientation on the fatigue strength was the same as that of tensile strength but in

the low cyclic stress range, the difference between [45°] and [ 0°] of ply orientation was close to

each other. The tensile and the fatigue strength of the bio-composite depends on the orientation of

carbon fiber and the number of layers. The present results give useful suggestions for the design

of many high-performance vehicles that made by biomaterial content. This study also appropriates

to reduce the using of non-biodegradable composite.

KEYWORDS: Bio-composite, Corn starch, PLA, Carbon fiber, Ply orientation, Tensile strength,

Fatigue strength

48



NAC 2019

Facile fabrication of one dimensional carbon reinforced conducting polymer

nanocomposites for supercapacitors

Subhash B. Kondawar

Department of Physics, Polymer Nanotech Laboratory, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj

Nagpur University, Nagpur – 440033, India

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Conducting polymers are unique functional materials owing to their high π-conjugated

length, unusual conducting mechanism and reversible redox doping/de-doping process. To improve

and extend their functions, the fabrication of multi-functionalized conducting polymer

nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of attention because of its tremendous potential for a variety

of applications. Conducting polymer nanocomposites emerged as a new field of research and

development, directed to creation of new smart materials for use in modern and future technologies.

Recently, polymeric semiconductors have attracted increasing interest for their advantages of readily

tunable bandgaps, rich redox chemistry, excellent flexibility and/or good processibility over

conventional inorganic materials. One dimensional nanostructure conducting polymers have a deep

impact on both fundamental research and potential applications in nanoelectronics, nanodevices,

nanocomposites, bio-nanotechnology and medicine. Several novel methodologies have been

developed for the preparation of nanostructure conducting polymers in the form of nanowires,

nanofibers, and nanotubes. Conducting polymer nanofibers can be synthesized by several approaches,

such as well-controlled solution synthesis, soft-template methods, hard-template methods and

electrospinning technology. A powerful method of synthesising nanofibers of polymers and polymer

composites is electrospinning, which utilises an applied electric stress to draw out a thin nanometer-

dimension fiber from the tip of a sharp conical meniscus. To improve and extend the functions of

these organic nanomaterials, one or more components are often incorporated to form multi-

functionalized nanocomposites for various applications in the fields of electronics, sensors, catalysis,

energy, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, electrorheological (ER) fluids and biomedicine.

The talk is mainly focused on an overview of the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanofibers

based conducting polymer nanocomposites and their application for supercapacitors. The advantages

of 1D conducting polymer nanocomposites over the parent conducting polymers are highlighted.

Combined with the intrinsic properties and synergistic effect of each component, it is anticipated that

1D conducting polymer nanocomposites will play an important role in various fields of

nanotechnology.

49



NAC 2019

Highly Transparent Silver Nanowires/Ni(OH)2 Electrodes for Bi-functional

Ultra- Flexible Electrochromic-Supercapacitors

Riski Titian Ginting

Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20111, Indonesia


ABSTRACT

Developing transparent, flexible and high performance electrochromic supercapacitor for

wearable electronics are considered challenging, which requires both conductive electrodes and

active materials to be highly conductive and transparent yet retaining its energy-storage performance.

In this work, morphology of active materials was modified with addition of ultra-thin interlayer to

enhance ionic transport kinetics. The Ni(OH)2-polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) was deposited

via spin coating at low annealing temperature on silver nanowires (Ag NWs) embedded flexible

transparent UV-curable resin substrate. In addition, Ag NWs/Ni(OH)2-PEIE coated with poly(3,4-

ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hybrid electrodes exhibits a good

optoelectronics properties (sheet resistance of 45 Ω/ at 86 % transmittance). The fabricated all-

solid-state electrochromic-supercapacitor device shows specific capacitance of 3.3 mF cm-2 with

remarkable transparency of 80% coupled with long cycling life (10 000 cycles), extremely high

coloration efficiency of 517 cm2 C−1 (@ 633 nm) and a fast switching speed. The Ni(OH)2-PEIE

interlayer is beneficial to boost the ion diffusion through the pore density of PEDOT:PSS and provides

efficient charge transfer pathways. Besides, capacitance retention of 90% was achieved after 8000

bending cycles at a bending radius of 1 mm and endured several times of folding cycles without

noticeable degradation, suggesting strong adhesion of active materials on a flexible substrate and

mechanical durability. The attributes highlight the potential of hybrid transparent electrodes as an

alternative approach for next-generation smart wearable energy storage device.

KEYWORDS: flexible electrode, silver nanowire, transparent, electrochromic, supercapacitor

50

mailto:%[email protected]


NAC 2019

Semiconducting Catalysts for Energy and Environment

Dong-Hau Kuo

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

Semiconducting catalysts utilized in two fields of hydrogen energy and environmental

remediation from our group will be presented in this talk. Hydrogen has been viewed as the near-to-

come energy source to replace fossil fuel and coal. For the hydrogen energy, the developed Zn(O,S)-

based photocatalyst system without adding Pt, Cd, and Na2SO3 and Na2S has its hydrogen evolution

rate increasing from 3.2 mmol/g·h up to above 40 mmol/g·h. With the advances in hydrogen rate with

this platform system, chemical and structural configuration modifications have been involved. Four

kinds of important concepts for hydrogen production have been proposed in controlling the hydrogen

rate, including surface active oxygen and defect interaction, 3D multiple-quantum-well band structure,

p/n junction diode, and the effect of water state.

For the environment protection, the research work on photo degradation or green chemical

conversion of organic contaminants in water from our group will be presented in this talk.

Semiconductor concepts with doping and n/p junction will be performed. The advances in

degradation of contaminants involve utilizing catalysts of TiO2, WO3, metal oxysulfides et al. under

the light illuminations with UV and visible lamps to nowadays without light illumination. Catalyst

on reduction or hydrogenation of nitrophenol and azobenzene is not good on oxidation or degradation

of dyes. The problem associated with the selection of catalysts on specific contaminants is addressed.

Solution to solve this dye selectivity problem of catalyst is still pursuing.

51



NAC 2019

Oxynitride Phosphor Syntheses Using Nonstoichiometrically-Weighed Starting

Materials

Toshihiro MORIGA1, Chih-Wei HSIAO1,2, Mituso OI1, Bo-Jiang HONG1,2, Koki SHIBAI1, Kohei

FUKUMURA1, Kei-ichiro MURAI1 and Shao-Ju SHIH2

1 Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Japan

2 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Taiwan University

of Science and Technology, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

(Oxy)nitrides have been highly spotlighted as phosphors for LCDs as well as white LEDs,

because bandgap of these materials is not so wide as that of oxides and can be tuned by adjusting the

oxygen over nitrogen ratio in the materials so as to get activated by visible light. However,

preparation of (oxy)nitrides usually requires extremely high temperature and/or highly activated

nitrogen species since nitrogen is less active than oxygen. From our pervious result, an excess of

silica was added as starting materials to synthesize Ba3Si6O12N2: Eu2+ phosphors. It seemed the

excess silica would act as a flux to form the desired phase (Modern Physics Letters. B, 29 (2015)

1540029 (5 pages); J. Nano Res. 36 (2015) 1-7). In this experiment, M2Si5N8:Eu2+ phosphors

(M=Ca and Sr) and Y4SiAlO8N:Tb3+, Ce3+ co-doped green phosphors were successfully synthesized

using nonstoichiometrically-weighed starting materials, that is, SiO2 was additionally added more

than required amount for the stoichiometric mixture of starting materials.

M2Si5N8:Eu2+-based (M=Ca, Sr) red/orange-red emitting phosphors were fabricated at relatively

low temperature (1400) and short reaction time (8hrs) in a graphite crucible by simple solid-state

reaction of stable metal carbonates MCO3, oxides SiO2, Eu2O3 and nitrides Si3N4 under a stream of

5% H2 containing N2 gas. Though carbon reduction technique for preparation of the nitrides have

been already reported, all the preparations used a technique of mixing carbon powders with the

starting materials. This synthesis method will be free from contamination of carbon with phosphors,

which deteriorates emission intensity. Regardless of usage of oxygen-containing starting materials,

O/N analysis showed the synthesized nitride phosphors did not contain oxygen within experimental

errors.

Y4SiAlO8N:Tb3+, Ce3+ co-doped green phosphors have been successfully synthesized by firing

at relatively low temperature (1400ºC) and short reaction time (6hrs) in a alumina crucible by simple

solid-state reaction of stable metal oxides Y2O3, Tb4O7, CeO2, Al2O3, SiO2 and nitrides Si3N4 under

a stream of 5% H2 containing N2 gas. The oxynitride phosphors could be excitable in the near-UV

and blue region. Comparing with exclusively Tb3+ doped sample, the result showed that Ce3+ / Tb3+

co-doping markedly improved the luminous intensity. In the near-UV region, Y4SiAlO8N:0.7%Ce3+,

6%Tb3+ phosphor possessed the strongest luminous intensity. The energy transfer would occur from

Ce3+ to Tb3+, which effectively improved the problem of weak luminous intensity using Tb3+ as an

activator.

52



NAC 2019

Electronic and crystal structure analysis of metal oxides using synchrotron X-

rays

Masatsugu Oishi

Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University


ABSTRACT

The solid-state cells and batteries such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and lithium-ion

secondary battery (LIB) are gaining attention as the environmentally friendly energy-conversion

devices. The transportation dynamics of ions and electrons in the solid oxides of the constituent

materials for SOFC and LIB are studied in our laboratory. Recent results of the electronic and crystal

structures of Li-rich positive electrodes for LIB evaluated using synchrotron radiation X-rays will be

discussed.

KEYWORDS: energy conversion, ceramics, fuel cell, secondary battery, inorganic materials

53



NAC 2019

Novel Electrospun Microtube Array Membrane-Double (MTAM-D) Based

Capture Device for Efficient Endotoxin Removal

Li-Wei Cheng 1, Chee Ho Chew 1,2, Wan-Ting Huang 2, Ko-Shao Chen 3, Mai-Szu Wu 4, and

Chien-Chung Chen 1,2,5

1 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University,

Xinyi District, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan; 2 MTAMTech corporation, 17th floor, 3rd Yuanqu street, Nangang District, 11503, Taipei,

Taiwan 3 Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University

4 School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University 5 The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11052,

Taiwan


Introduction: There are several diseases caused by excessive number of specific molecule in blood

stream. The effective removal of these target compounds is essential therapeutic treatment. Taking

sepsis for example, too much of endotoxin in the blood stream will cause the fatal consequence if not

removed in a timely fashion.

Research Design: In this study, a novel polysulfone (PS) Microtube Array Membrane-Double

(MTAM-D) was prepared via coaxial electrospinning and functionalized by coating with Polymyxin

B (PMB), the endotoxin-binding compound. The physical and blood compatibility properties of

resulting capturing device, coded as PS MTAM/Cap, were characterized and finally the endotoxin

capturing capacity was measured and bench-marked with market leading product.

Results: The results show, not only the PS MTAM/Cap possess excellent blood compatibility and

adequate mechanical properties. More importantly, this device can effectively remove endotoxin

either from plasma or whole blood, with superior removal efficiency than that of commercial leading

product (85% vs. 50% @30min).

Discussion: This may well be attributed to the unique structural characteristics of MTAM-D, which

provides larger surface/volume ratio that increasing the probability of endotoxin contacted and

captured by the active PMB sites.

In summary, with unique structure of MTAM-D, we’ve successfully demonstrated its superior

function of a target capturing device, and MTAM/Cap can be an efficient target compound removal

platform for several diseases treatments.

Keywords: MicroTube Array Membrane-Double (MTAM-D); Endotoxin; MTAM/Cap device.

54



NAC 2019

Development of novel micro/nanoscale hybrid patterned sapphire substrate for

high efficiency InGaN based light emitting diodes

Wen-Cheng Ke


Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan

ABSTRACT

This work presents the InGaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on hybrid patterned

sapphire substrates (Hybrid-PSS) which embed a nanopattern structure onto a Bare-PSS prepared by an

anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) dry etching mask. The 4-inch Bare-PSSs with the specification of

2.6×0.4×1.6 m was used for preparing Hybrid-PSS. At an injection current of 20 mA, the LED with

Hybrid-PSS shows a light output enhancement of 30% over the Bare-PSS. This significant improvement can be

originated both from the high-quality epitaxial film and increased light extraction assisted by nanopatterns. In addition,

the maximum output power of LED on Hybrid-PSS is 7.86 mW at 540 mA as compared to 5.46 mW at 440 mA for the

Bare-PSS. This significant reduction of efficiency-droop effect in LED grown on Hybrid-PSS was believed

attributable to the improved crystalline quality and increased GaN coverage area. In addition, the LED

grown on a Hybrid-PSS exhibits a wider divergence angle of 145° than Bare-PSS. The experimental

results indicate a promising structure to increase the light output power of LEDs using the Hybrid-PSS.

55


NAC 2019

Industrial application and thermal properties of boron doped CVD diamond

thin films

Tae-Gyu Kim1 , Yeong-Min Park2 and Mun-Ki Bae2

1Dept of Nanomechatronic Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea

2Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea

ABSTRACT

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) thin films are an excellent electrode materials with a large

potential window in aqueous solutions and low background current. The wider potential window and

lower background currents make BDD material very attractive for electrochemical analysis

experiments. Furthermore, BDD exhibits high chemical stability and electrochemical stability, which

makes the material suitable for various applications such as bio-electrochemical applications and

water disinfection. However, BDD is low in heat resistance and has a large difference in resistivity

and diamond quality depending on the content of boron doping.

In this study, boron-doped CVD diamond thin films were fabricated by hot filament chemical vapor

deposition process. The optimum condition of the boron doping with the lowest resistivity was

established and the characteristics of the diamond and the deposition rate were investigate according

to the boron content. In addition, the anti - oxidation test was performed on the deposited diamond

film to investigate the thermal stability characteristics.

In the diamond deposition process, the CH4 / H2 concentration was fixed at 2% and the B2H6 /

CH4 concentration was varied from 0.01 to 0.05%, and the boron doped diamond film was deposited

for 4 hours. At this time, the temperature of the filament was 1700 °C to 2400 °C, and the substrate

temperature was measured at about 850 °C to 950 °C. In addition, the distance between the filament

and the substrate is 0.2 to 2 centimeters. The oxidation temperature was experimentally measured at

from 600 °C to 750 °C in a box furnace and DTA analyzer. The oxidation start temperature of the

diamond thin film was measured in an atmospheric air condition, and the morphology and weight

reduction rate were measured precisely to determine the oxidation resistance respectively. The boron-

doped diamond film was compared with the Non boron-doped diamond film and the crystallinity,

deposition rate, resistivity and thermal stability of the diamond film were compared and analyzed.

Cyclic voltammetry of boron-doped CVD diamond films was also measured and analyzed.

Fig.1 DTA results of Boron Doped Diamond thin films

56


NAC 2019

Fabrication and characterization of flexible conductive transparent electrodes

based on nanostructured silver-layers

Keh-Moh Lin1*, Ru-Li Lin1, Chia-Yuan Chou1, Yung-Chuan Kang1, Swapnil Anand Shinde1, Sin-

Wei Wu1, Yi-Zhen Wang1, Wen-Tse Hsiao2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Tainan, Taiwan 2 Instrument Technology Research Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, No. 20, R&D

Rd. VI, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

In this work, hybrid transparent electrodes composed of transparent conductive oxides

(TCO) and nanostructured silver layers on glass and PET substrates were fabricated. In addition to

studying the influences of micro-cracks or -damages on the optoelectronic properties of the hybrid

electrodes, a hyperspectral image technology has been developed to examine the damages caused

by bending testes. Silver nanowire and silver nanofilm were used as the interlayers, whereas indium

tin oxides, indium zinc oxides and ZnO were used as top- and bottom-layers. The transmittance

and reflection spectra of the hybrid electrodes were measured on a spectrophotometer (Jasco V670).

Using the van der Pauw method, the electrical properties of the hybrid electrodes were measured

on a Hall Effect measurement system (Ecopia HMS-3000) with a magnetic field strength of 0.51

T. The sheet resistances were measured by a four-point probe station. The thickness of the

multilayer electrodes was measured by an -step system (Kosaka Laboratory Surfcorder ET 4000

M), whereas the thickness of the TCO layers were estimated by a spectroscopic ellipsometry

(J.A.Woollam M2000U). The crystal structures of hybrid electrodes were studied by thin-film X-

ray diffractometry (Rigaku D/MAX 2500). The surface morphology was characterized by atomic

Force microscopy (Veeco-DI Multimode V) and field emission scanning electron microscopy

(JEOL JSM-6701F). In this study, we will discuss the main factors with respect to the

nanostructured silver-layers that affect the optoelectronic properties of the hybrid electrodes.

KEYWORDS: silver nanowire; silver nanofilm; flexible electrode; hybrid transparent electrodes;

hyperspectral imagin; spectroscopic ellipsometry; ITO; IZO; ZnO.

57



NAC 2019

Novel Heterostructures comprised of Rare Earth Hexaborides and Metal Oxide

Nanostructures for New Generation Cold Cathodes

Mahendra A. More

Centre for Advanced Studies in Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of

Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune- 411007, India


ABSTRACT

Cold cathodes based on field electron emission from condensed phase into vacuum are superior

to the conventional hot cathodes (thermionic emitters) in terms of miniature size, low power

consumption, high brightness and monoenergeitc nature of emitted electrons. In contrast to a single

micro-tip emitter, the planar cathodes (an assembly of vertically aligned nanostructures deposited in

thin film form) offer unprecedented advantages in terms of lowering of the operating voltage and

relaxation of base pressure, from ultra low vacuum to high vacuum. Variety of nanomaterials, in

particular carbon family members (Carbon Nanotubes, CVD diamond, graphene and rGO sheets, etc),

and metal oxide semiconductors (ZnO, SnO2, Cu2O, WO3, etc.), have been extensively investigated

for their field emission (FE) behaviour and being used as cold cathode in practical devices. In contrast

to carbon family members, rare earth hexaborides (LaB6, and GdB6) planar cathodes, despite their

low work function values, yet to reach commercial stage. This is mainly due to complexity involved

in synthesis of their one-dimensional (1D) vertically aligned nanostructures in thin film form (planar

emitter). This limitation is overcome by a strategic approach of forming their heterostructures with

1D nanostructures of metal oxides. Such heterostructure, comprised of ultra thin, well adherent

coating of rare earth hexaboride onto 1D metal oxide nanostructures, employs the desirable properties

of its counter parts, i.e. low work function of metal hexaborides and high aspect ratio of the metal

oxide 1D nanostructures, in synergic manner. The present research work deals with systematic studies

on pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of novel heterostructures due to GdB6@ZnO nanorods and

GdB6@Cu2O nanoneedles, followed by their physico-chemical characterization and FE behavior.

The as-synthesized heterostructure planar emitters exhibit superior FE performance, in contrast to the

pristine metal oxide nanostructure emitters, which is attributed to low work function (measured using

Ultra-violet Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and high aspect ratio of the heterostructures.

58



NAC 2019

Quantum Dots for the Next Generation Display Technology

Meng-Lin Tsai

Department of Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science

Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan


ABSTRACT

Quantum dot materials have been widely used in the display industry over the past several

years. The competition between quantum dot displays and organic light emitting diodes will dominate

the development of optoelectronics and display industry for the next 5 to 10 years. Up to date,

quantum dot enhancement films are the main technology applied for quantum dot displays. In addition

to the quantum dot enhancement film at the backlight unit of the display, another design is to fabricate

quantum dot color filters. However, commercially available quantum dots suffer from limited

quantum yield and relatively high emission bandwidth. In addition, inorganic high quantum yield

quantum dots usually contain cadmium element, which is restricted by the restriction of hazardous

substances (RoHS) in European Union countries. Cadmium-free quantum dots such as perovskite

quantum dots have been proposed as a promising substitution in the future. Halide perovskite

quantum dots (PQDs) are promising materials for diverse applications including high phosphors,

light-emitting diodes, and color filters due to their intriguing properties such as tunable bandgap, high

photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and narrow emission peaks. Despite the prosperous

achievements over the past several years, PQDs face severe challenge in terms of stability under

different circumstances. Currently, researchers have overcome part of the stability problem, making

PQDs sustain in water, oxygen and high-polar environments for long-term use. However, halide

PQDs can still be easily degraded under continuous excitation, which significantly limit their

potential for conventional applications. In this study, we develop an oleic acid/oleylamine-free

method to fabricate perovskite QD papers (PQDP) by adding cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as long-

chain interactive binding ligands that stablize the PQD structure. As a result, the PL emission intensity

of as-fabricated PQDP remains over ~90% of its initial value under continuous ultraviolet (UV, 16

W) excitation for 2 months, showing almost no photodegradation behavior. This proposed method

paves a way for the fabrication of ultrastable PQDs and related applications.

59


Map

60


NAC 2019

MRT Gongguan station to NTUST

Map of NTUST

61


NAC 2019

Map of NTUST International Building

【IB Building Floor 1】

【IB Building Floor 3】

62


NAC 2019

Welcome Reception Location

【Map of Lu Shan Ren Restaurant】

【Picture of Lu Shan Ren Restaurant】

63


NAC 2019

Banquet Location

台北市中正區思源街 16號 2樓

2F., No. 16, Siyuan St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100, Taiwan (R.O.C.)

Tel:(02)2369-4999

NOTE:

Free transport services to the banquet venue will be provided. It is available

from 17:30 to 18:00 on August 10 at NTUST IB Building.

64

tel:+886223694999

Index

65

Oral

Presenter No. Date Time Location

Anilkumar T.S. A-4 Aug. 10 12:00~12:10 IB-101

Atram, Ramdas D-4 Aug. 10 14:35~14:50 IB-302

Atram, Rounak H-3 Aug. 10 16:50~17:00 IB-302

Behera, Kartik C-5 Aug. 10 14:50~15:00 IB-301

Berhe, Gebregziabher Brhane H-8 Aug. 10 17:40~17:50 IB-302

Bhamare, Yatin I-5 Aug. 10 17:30~17:40 IB-307

Caesarendra, Wahyu B-2 Aug. 10 11:25~11:50 IB-301

Carles, Cidne Danielle D. C-7 Aug. 10 15:10~15:20 IB-301

Chang, Chi-Jung C-2 Aug. 10 13:45~14:10 IB-301

Chang, Ting-Yu B-4 Aug. 10 12:00~12:10 IB-301

Chen, Chien-Chung J-1 Aug. 10 16:00~16:25 IB-308

Chen, I-Chen D-2 Aug. 10 13:45~14:10 IB-302

Chen, Wei-Hung F-2 Aug. 10 13:45~14:10 IB-308

Chen, Wen-Chang P-III Aug. 11 09:00~09:40 IB-101

Chen, Wen-Hsiang F-4 Aug. 10 14:35~14:50 IB-308

Cheng, Kuo-Bin F-1 Aug. 10 13:20~13:45 IB-308

Chou, Min-Hui F-8 Aug. 10 15:20~15:30 IB-308

Chu, Jinn P. P-I Aug. 10 09:15~09:55 IB-101

Dandekar, Manjusha F-5 Aug. 10 14:50~15:00 IB-308

Dhongade, Siddhant D-6 Aug. 10 15:00~15:10 IB-302

Fitriyana, Deni Fajar L-5 Aug. 11 11:50~12:00 IB-308

Gebeyehu, Kebena D-8 Aug. 10 15:20~15:30 IB-302

Geonzon, Lester E-7 Aug. 10 15:25~15:35 IB-307

Ginting, Riski Titian H-2 Aug. 10 16:25~16:50 IB-302

Girase, Krunal I-6 Aug. 10 17:40~17:50 IB-307

Gurnule, Wasudeo C-3 Aug. 10 14:10~14:35 IB-301

Hagos, Tesfaye Teka H-4 Aug. 10 17:00~17:10 IB-302

Hu, Jin-Lian A-1 Aug. 10 11:00~11:25 IB-101

Imae, Toyoko E-2 Aug. 10 13:45~14:10 IB-307

Itankar, Sangeeta F-6 Aug. 10 15:00~15:10 IB-308

Jose, Cathlene Roi M. C-8 Aug. 10 15:20~15:30 IB-301

Jose, Gils A-3 Aug. 10 11:50~12:00 IB-101

Ke, Wen-Cheng K-1 Aug. 11 10:40~11:05 IB-101

Kim, Sung Hoon G-5 Aug. 10 17:25~17:35 IB-301

66

Kim, Tae-Gyu K-2 Aug. 11 11:05~11:30 IB-101

Kim, Tae-Yeob G-4 Aug. 10 17:15~17:25 IB-301

Kim, Yun-Hae P-IV Aug. 11 09:40~10:20 IB-101

Koinkar, Pankaj D-1 Aug. 10 13:20~13:45 IB-302

Kondawar, Subhash B. H-1 Aug. 10 16:00~16:25 IB-302

Kuo, Chun-Liang B-1 Aug. 10 11:00~11:25 IB-301

Kuo, Dong-Hau I-1 Aug. 10 16:00~16:25 IB-307

Lau, Kam Sheng H-6 Aug. 10 17:20~17:30 IB-302

Li, Jo-Hwa F-3 Aug. 10 14:10~14:35 IB-308

Lin, Keh-Moh K-3 Aug. 11 11:30~11:55 IB-101

Luo, Jyun-Ming L-3 Aug. 11 11:30~11:40 IB-308

Matsukawa, Shingo E-4 Aug. 10 14:35~15:00 IB-307

Modak, Prerna R. C-6 Aug. 10 15:00~15:10 IB-301

Montefalcon, Laika Jayne C. F-7 Aug. 10 15:10~15:20 IB-308

More, Mahendra A. L-1 Aug. 11 10:40~11:05 IB-308

Moriga, Toshihiro I-2 Aug. 10 16:25~16:50 IB-307

Murakami, Ri-ichi G-3 Aug. 10 16:50~17:15 IB-301

Murakami, Ryo B-3 Aug. 10 11:50~12:00 IB-301

Naito, Chikashi J-2 Aug. 10 16:25~16:40 IB-308

Nakagaito, A. N. E-3 Aug. 10 14:10~14:35 IB-307

Nandanwar, Deoram V. J-4 Aug. 10 16:55~17:10 IB-308

Naseem, Saba J-7 Aug. 10 17:30~17:40 IB-308

Ni, Qing-Qing C-1 Aug. 10 13:20~13:45 IB-301

Nomura, Kyosuke B-5 Aug. 10 12:10~12:20 IB-301

Oishi, Masatsugu I-3 Aug. 10 16:50~17:15 IB-307

Pangul, Chaitali J-6 Aug. 10 17:20~17:30 IB-308

Park, Soo-Jeong L-4 Aug. 11 11:40~11:50 IB-308

Patil, Pallavi J-5 Aug. 10 17:10~17:20 IB-308

Ramteke, Jitendra C-4 Aug. 10 14:35~14:50 IB-301

Rojas, Orlando E-1 Aug. 10 13:20~13:45 IB-307

Shimamura, Yoshinobu G-1 Aug. 10 16:00~16:25 IB-301

Shin, Dong Chul I-4 Aug. 10 17:15~17:30 IB-307

Shin, Hyeong Sub H-7 Aug. 10 17:30~17:40 IB-302

Shinde, Swapnil H-5 Aug. 10 17:10~17:20 IB-302

Su, Bo-Chiuan G-6 Aug. 10 17:35~17:45 IB-301

Suhaimi, Hazwani K-4 Aug. 11 11:55~12:10 IB-101

Thirunavukarasu, Devendran E-6 Aug. 10 15:15~15:25 IB-307

67

Truong, Vi D-5 Aug. 10 14:50~15:00 IB-302

Tsai, Jia-Lin G-2 Aug. 10 16:25~16:50 IB-301

Tsai, Meng-Lin L-2 Aug. 11 11:05~11:30 IB-308

Uosaki, Kohei P-II Aug. 10 09:55~10:35 IB-101

Veeramuthu, Loganathan J-3 Aug. 10 16:40~16:55 IB-308

Yadav, Mithilesh E-5 Aug. 10 15:00~15:15 IB-307

Yasuzawa, Mikito A-2 Aug. 10 11:25~11:50 IB-101

Yeh, Min-Hsin D-3 Aug. 10 14:10~14:35 IB-302

You, Hao-Jen D-7 Aug. 10 15:10~15:20 IB-302

68

Poster Presenter No. Date Time Location

Bae, Sung-Youl IP-16 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Bae, Sung-Youl OP-16 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chang, Ikwhang IP-19 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Cheng-Ho OP-11 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Chin-Hsing OP-22 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Hui-Huang OP-31 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Jieng-Chiang OP-15 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Kuei-Yuan IP-18 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Miao-Hui OP-23 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chen, Wei-Jen IP-10 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Cheng, Chao-Yuan IP-21 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Cheng, Ching-Che OP-30 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Cheng, Yi-Ching OP-35 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chiang, Chin-Lung OP-13 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chien, Wei-Chen OP-10 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Cho, Je Hyoung OP-27 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chou, Cheng-Hsueh IP-4 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chou, Chin-Lin OP-07 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chu, Guan-Yu OP-3 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Chung, Chun-Hsuan IP-1 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Descallar, Faith Bernadette OP-2 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Dong, Min-Yan OP-18 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Fitriyana, D.F. IP-22 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Guh, Chang-Lun IP-5 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Gupta, Rajesh OP-19 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Higuchi, Masanori IP-14 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Hsu, Chiao-Chen IP-24 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Jen, Yi-Ming OP-21 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Jheng, Li-Cheng IP-23 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Jung, Ho-Chang IP-20 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Jung, Jae-Han IP-15 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Kargirwar, Snehal OP-1 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Kawai, Yuki IP-13 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Kim, Jieon IP-9 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Kuan, Chen-Feng OP-33 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

69

Kuan, Hsu-Chiang OP-32 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Lai, Zhong-Zhe OP-28 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Lee, Cheng-Han IP-3 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Lee, Jae-Youl IP-25 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Lee, Sang-Jin OP-24 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Lin, Yi-Heng IP-26 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Maki, Yutaro OP-9 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Nagata, Ryutaro IP-7 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Park, Chang Wook OP-25 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Sasaki, Kohei IP-11 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Sawada, Tomoki IP-06 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Shen, Ming-Yuan OP-14 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Shih, Yeng-Fong OP-12 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Song, Moo-Keun IP-17 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Wang, Lu-Chih OP-20 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Wang, Wei-Cheng OP-29 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Wu, Chia-Chin OP-34 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yang, Jason IP-8 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yeh, Tsung-Hsieh IP-02 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yeh, Yun-Lan OP-17 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yoon, Sung Won OP-26 Aug. 11 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yoshimoto, Hiroto IP-12 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Yu, Bo-Sien OP-5 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Zhao, Jia-Dai OP-8 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Zhao, Ying-Fang OP-4 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

Zhuang, Yi-Fang OP-6 Aug. 10 13:00~18:00 Gallery Room (B)

70

Oral Abstract

71


NAC 2019

Comparative study of porous PLGA/nanao-hydroxyapatite and PLGA/nano-

whitlockite composite graft implants for bone regeneration.

Gils Jose, K.T. Shalumon, Jyh-Ping Chen*

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan

33302, Taiwan, ROC

*E-mail: [email protected]

Bone fractures and bone disorders are considered as the most common traumatic injuries in

middle aged people. Although bone tissue engineering holds great promises to restore and improve

the function of these damaged bone tissues, it is still in the developmental stage in terms of its bio-

absorbability, biomechanics and osteogenic properties. Porous biodegradable polymeric composite

graft scaffolds having osteoconductive properties can provide a suitable environment for tissue

regeneration and repair. Hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and whitlockite (WLKT;

Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) are the two major inorganic components of hard tissues such as bone and

teeth. Owing to its biocompatibility and osteoinductivity, we have synthesized HAP nanoparticles

(nHAP) and WLKT nanoparticles (nWLKT) by chemical precipitation method, and characterized

them by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron

microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). The

nanoparticles were then incorporated into biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)

microspheres, followed by heat sintering, to synthesize porous microsphere-based bone graft implants

having sufficient mechanical strength. The physical properties of the grafts were characterized

through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and compressive

mechanical testing. The biocompatibility of the grafts was further tested through in vitro cell adhesion

and cell proliferation studies using rabbit bone marrow stem cells and in vivo implantation in rabbit

tibia to compare bone regeneration of both PLGA/nHAP and PLGA/nWLKT composite scaffolds.

The results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed the superior characteristic of both

graft implants in terms of cell penetration and proliferation, and thus bone regeneration in the

defective area.

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite, whitlockite, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), nanocomposite, bone graft,

nanomaterials

72


https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/traumatic-injury


NAC 2019

Rational design of liposomal nanocomposites encapsulating magnetic

nanoparticles for dual cancerthermal therapy

Anilkumar T S, Jyh-Ping Chen*

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Taoyuan

33302, Taiwan, ROC


In this work, we focus on using the outstanding heating ability of liposomal nanocomposites

containing citric acid-coated ironoxide magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs) for dual tumor thermal

therapy when exposed to both alternating magnetic field (AMF) and near infrared (NIR) laser.The

CMNPs wereencapsulated in liposomes to form nano-sized magnetic liposomes (MLs), which induce

hyperthermia effectsin the presence of AMF and further augmented by NIR laser exposure for cancer

cell killing and tumor therapy.As the heating capability is directly related to the amount of entrapped

CMNPs in the nanocomposites and the size of MLs is important for circulation after intravenous

injection, response surface methodology (RSM) wasutilized to optimize the encapsulation efficiency

of CMNPs in MLs and the size of MLs. The experimental design was performed based on the central

composite rotatable design. The validation of the model showed good agreement with the experimental

values. The physiochemical characterizations of CMNPs and MLs were studied. In the presence of

concurrent AMF and NIR laser, synergistic thermal effect was discovered for the optimized

nanocomposite formulation within a short period of exposure time. Invitro cell culture experiments

also endorsed excellentbiocompatibility of MLs and enhanced cytotoxicity of MLs toward human

glioblastoma cancer cells for dual cancer thermal therapy.

73



NAC 2019

Influence of porosity on mechanical properties of porous titanium fabricated by

spacer method consisting of spark plasma sintering

Ryo Murakami1, Tomoyuki Fujii2, Keiichiro Tohgo2,and Yoshinobu Shimamura2

1 Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Department of Engineering, Shizuoka

University, Japan 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan


Pure titanium has been used for implant treatment which is applied to recover biological

functions. If pure titanium is used for an artificial bone, it is concerned that a natural bone near the

artificial bone is damaged due to stress shielding because the Young's modulus of pure titanium is

much larger than that of the natural bone. In order not to cause stress shielding, the Young’s modulus

of the artificial bone should be the same as that of the natural bone. The purpose of this study is to

fabricate porous titanium by spark plasma sintering and to investigate the influence of porosity on its

mechanical properties.

Porous titanium was fabricated by a spacer method consisting of spark plasma sintering. The

powder of sodium chloride and pure titanium were used as a spacer and a raw material, respectively.

The fabrication procedure is as follows; These powders were mixed, and then they were sintered.

After sintering, the spacer was dissolved by immersing a sintered compact in water.

Three-point bending testing was conducted to evaluate its mechanical properties. Figure 1

shows the stress-displacement curves. It was found that the Young's modulus and bending strength of

the porous titanium decreased with increasing its porosity.

Fig.1 Stress-displacement curve (three-point bending testing).

74



NAC 2019

Degraded machined surface quality in routing of glass fiber honeycomb

composites using chemical vaporized diamond-coated tools

Tingyu Chang, Jhihjie Liu, Chunliang Kuo*

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology


Glass fibers having excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength (2160 MPa),

low density (2.5 g/cm3), inertness to the chemical, electrical and thermal surroundings are superior

reinforcement phases in the artificial synthetic composites. Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs)

in the forms of honeycombs characterizing with sandwich constructions, which performed good

lateral stiffness and strength, high energy absorption for impacts, are particularly recommended for

structural designs in aeronautical applications. However, the inhomogeneity and anisotropy properties

in the corrugated honeycomb composites make them very difficult to cut. This study investigates the

mechanical and thermal induced degradations which associated with cutting forces and cutting heat

on the machined surface following routing of glass fiber honeycomb composites. Fig. 1 shows the

micrographs of fractured honeycomb structure in longitudinal and lateral views. When routing of

glass fiber honeycomb composites using polycrystalline diamond-coated tools, the effects of the

cutting parameters on the mechanical and thermal-induced failures were investigated. The results

showed that the furring of the pulled-out fibers, fragmentations, burrs and debonding to the matrix on

the machined surface can be eliminated by the operating parameters. When cutting speed increased,

the cutting temperature increased and the thermal-induced failures were activated. Whereas the feed

rate increased, the cutting force increased and the mechanical-induced fractures were resulted.

Detailed causes and effects were evaluated and reported.

Fig.1 Glass fiber honeycomb composite microstructure

75



NAC 2019

Effect of Variable Loading on Very High Cycle Fretting Fatigue of Chromium-

Molybdenum Steel

Kyosuke Nomura1, Naoki Tonooka1, Yoshinobu Shimamura2, Hitoshi Ishii3,

Tomoyuki Fujii2, Keiichiro Tohgo2

1 Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Japan 3 Professor Emeritus, Shizuoka University, Japan


In very high cycle fretting fatigue under variable loading for chromium-molybdenum steels, it

is not well understood about the fatigue behavior under variable loading including stress amplitude

below fatigue strength at 108 cycles. In this study, very high cycle fretting fatigue tests under variable

loading composed of two stress amplitudes which are higher and lower than fretting fatigue strength

at 108 cycles were conducted by using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine. The effect of the stress

amplitude lower than the fretting fatigue strength at 108 cycles on fatigue lifetime was discussed. The

test results are shown in Figure 1. In this graph, the horizontal axis represents liner cumulative damage

D at fatigue failure in a logarithmic scale. Gray bars are D values estimated by Miner’s rule, and

shaded bars are D values estimated by Modified Miner’s rule. In conclusion, applied stress amplitudes

lower than 0.8 times of the fretting fatigue strength at 108 cycles might not accumulate fatigue damage,

and thus did not affect the fatigue lifetime.

Fig.1 Fatigue lifetime prediction for fretting fatigue under variable amplitude loading

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Liner cumulative damage D [-]

No.

[MPa]

[MPa]

1 270 160

2 270 180

3 270 200

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Liner cumulative damage D [-]

Miner’s rule

Modified Miner’s rule

Fretting fatigue strength at 108 cycles: 220 [MPa]

76



NAC 2019

Removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution by PANI/TiO2 and

PANI/graphene nanocomposites

Jitendra N. Ramteke1#, Neha V. Nerkar2, Subhash B. Kondawar2*

1Department of Physics, Mohata Science College, Nagpur, India 2Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

#Presenting Author Email: [email protected]

*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]

Mobility and distribution of dyes in water have been studied extensively due to their effects

on environment and other living organisms. Metal oxides and carbon based materials have been

continuously used for dyes removal. In this paper, we report the preparation of polyaniline (PANI)

based nanocomposites by in-situ chemical oxidation polymerization and the removal of methyl

orange (MO) from aqueous solution by using chemical interaction of dye molecule with PANI/TiO2

and PANI/graphene nanocomposites. Morphology and adsorption kinetics of as-synthesized

nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively.

Percentage of removal of MO dye for PANI/TiO2 and PANI/graphene was found to be 70% and 65%

respectively compared to that of 53% for pure PANI. In order to evaluate adsorption kinetic, the

pseudo first order model, pseudo second order model and intra particle diffusion model were tested

for their validity by linear equation analysis. The second-order kinetic model was found to be the best

linearity for both the nanocomposites compared to other models which indicate that the adsorption of

dye is a physical adsorption. The adsorption process was shown to be an efficient for dye removal

from water solutions.

Keywords: Polyaniline; Nanocomposites; Polymer materials; Titanium dioxide; Graphene; Methyl

orange dye.

77



NAC 2019

Carbon nanotube-filled poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) blend-based

biodegradable nanocomposites with enhanced physical properties

Kartik Behera1, Fang-Chyou Chiu1,2*

1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333,

Taiwan 2Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan


In this study, miscible poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PLA/PEO) blend-based biodegradable

nanocomposites were prepared by conventional melt mixing process. Scanning electron microscope

results showed that CNT was homogeneously distributed within the PLA/PEO blend matrix.

Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the presence of CNT improved the thermal stability of the

blend under both air and nitrogen environments. Differential scanning calorimetry results confirmed

the nucleation effect of CNT on the crystallization of PLA and PEO. The isothermal/non-isothermal

crystallization kinetics and melting behaviour of PLA in different samples were investigated by

differential scanning calorimetry under different crystallization conditions as well. The rheological

properties measurement confirmed the achievement of pseud-network structure in the composites

after CNT loading. The impact strength of the composite with 3-phr CNT loading was three times

higher than that of the blend. The electrical resistivity of the samples significantly reduced with the

addition of CNT, up to 10 orders of drop at a 3-phr CNT loading. The electrical percolation was

constructed at a CNT content of approximately 0.6-phr. Finally, the hydrolytic degradation results

show that the CNT addition increases the hydrolytic degradation rate of the prepared composites.

Figure. 1 DSC coolig curves of representative samples at 5 oC/min cooling.

Figure. 2 Storage modulus G’ vs. angular frequency ω of selected samples.

Temperature (oC)

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

En

do u

p

PLA

A7O3

A7O3-T10

A7O3-T20

A7O3-T30

(1)

0.1 1 10 1001e-2

1e-1

1e+0

1e+1

1e+2

1e+3

1e+4

1e+5

PLA

A7O3

A7O3-T10

A7O3-T20

A7O3-T30

Angular frequency, (rad/s)

Sto

rage m

od

ulu

s, G

' (P

a) (2)

78



NAC 2019

Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of graphene based

conducting polymer nanocomposites

Prerna R. Modak1#, Deoram V. Nandanwar2, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India 2Department of Physics, Mohata College of Science, Nagpur, India

#Presenting Author E-mail: [email protected]

*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

Carbon-based conducting polymer nanocomposites were found to be an excellent

electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material. In the present work, initially the graphene was

functionalized by acid treatment to attach carboxylic functional groups on the surface of the graphene

to facilitate the interaction with conducting polymer. Polyaniline (PANI)/graphene (GNS) and

polypyrrole (PPy)/Graphene (GNS) nanocomposites were synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidative

polymerization method and characterized by SEM, FTIR and UV-VIS analyses. The electrical

conductivity of nanocomposites was found to be drastically increased as compared to that of pure

conducting polymer. Further, the conductivity of nanocomposites was also found to be increased with

the increase in weight % of GNS. Nanocomposites showed semiconducting nature as that of pure

conducting polymer with improved dielectric properties and EMI shielding effectiveness. The EMI

shielding effectiveness (SE) of nanocomposites was found to be increased with increasing GNS

content. The dominant mechanism of EMI shielding for both PANI/GNS and PPy/GNS

nanaocomposites is absorption and thus, the nanocomposites can be used as lightweight EMI

shielding materials to protect electronic devices and components from electromagnetic radiation. The

comparative study infers that the shielding effectiveness of PPy/GNS nanaocomposites is less than

that of PANI/GNS nanocomposites.

Keywords: Nanocomposites, polymer materials, graphene, electromagnetic interference, shielding

effectiveness.

79




NAC 2019

Synthesis and Characterization of reduced Graphene Oxide/ Rubidium

Tungsten Bronze Nanocomposite and its Photothermal Conversion Property

Saba Naseem, *Chang-Mou Wu*, Cidne Danielle D. Carles


Technology, Taipei 10607 Taiwan, R.O.C


Abstract

Photothermal materials have gained significant attention for its capability to generate heat

under light irradiation. Rubidium tungsten bronze (RbxWO3) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)

are found to possess strong local surface plasmon resosnance (LSPR) which results to strong

photoabsorption in broad wavelengths of solar spectrum. To date, the development of the efficiency

of the photothermal conversion of these materials have become the primary focus of researches as a

response to the increasing demand of more renewable and sustainable energy sources. Reduced GO

is considered as a visible sensitizer and a significant amount of incident light have been converted

into heat by the light-absorbing rGO. For this study, rGO/RbxWO3 nanocomposites were synthesized

by facile solvothermal method. The nanocomposites were prepared at varying concentrations of rGO

to further enhance the photoabsorption in full solar spectrum range. The as-prepared nanocomposites

were systematically characterized by XRD and FESEM. RbxWO3 nanorods were attached to the

surface of the rGO sheets like structure, indicating good contact between the RbxWO3 and rGO,

which is consistent to the morphologies of the individual compounds. In addition, the presence of

both RbxWO3 and rGO were also both confirmed in the composition of the nanocomposite. The

photothermal conversion properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by varying the weight

fraction of rGO to RbxWO3. 1wt%-rGO/RbxWO3 exhibited the highest temperature elevation:

114oC and 103oC respectively, after 5min in NIR and simulated solar light. Thus, rGO/RbxWO3

nanocomposite has a great potential in exhibiting highly efficient photothermal conversion in the full

solar spectrum range, in turn making it a good candidate for the development of novel solar light

photothermal materials for water evaporation applications in the fields of desalination, power

generation, and wastewater treatment.

Keywords: rGO/RbxWO3 nanocomposites, Photothermal materials, Full-spectrum

80




NAC 2019

Piezoelectric Response of Coaxial Electrospun PVDF/ZnO Nanofibrous

Membranes

Chang-Mou Wu*, Min-Hui Chou, Cathlene Roi M. Jose, Wan Tzu Yen


Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC


Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a popular piezoelectric polymer due to its high flexibility,

biocompatibility, and simplicity in production. The piezoelectricity of PVDF is related to its β-phase

content and its mechanical and electrical properties are influenced by its morphology and crystallinity.

In this study, PVDF was incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO) ceramic nanoparticles through

coaxial electrospinning. It is a convenient and cost-effective process for the fabrication of continuous

and uniform sheath–core nanostructure fibers and can induce mechanical stretching and electrical

poling on PVDF simultaneously. The resulting of PVDF/ZnO was confirmed to have a sheath–core

microstructure and shown the optimal β-content and d33 value reached 95% and 35.6 pC/N, while

ZnO-free PVDF only 79% and 15.2 pC/N, respectively. Piezoelectric performance is improved since

ZnO is also an excellent piezoelectric material and it increases the formation of β-phases in PVDF.

When the samples were subjected to bending, the output voltage of PVDF/ZnO composites was

2.7 V at the bending angle of 90°, which is three times higher than that of the 0.8 V output of ZnO-

free PVDF composites. Moreover, the PVDF/ZnO composites also presents good piezoelectric energy

output stability and durability. These findings can deduce that the PVDF/ZnO membranes are

potentially effective as flexible wearable sensor applications requiring higher sensitivity.

81



NAC 2019

Electrochemical properties of CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI ternary nanocomposite

electrode for supercapacitor

Ramdas G. Atram1#, Vijaykumar M. Bhuse2, Rounak R. Atram3, Subhash B. Kondawar3*

1Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Nagpur, India

2Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Nagpur, India 3Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India



The ever increasing energy demand and ever worsening global environmental issue call for

not only urgent development of alternatively renewable energy sources, but also more advanced

energy storage and management devices. Hence nanosized CNF/NiCo2S4 composites nanofibers were

prepared by electrospinning and coating of polyaniline (PANI) was performed by in-situ

polymerization technique to form CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI ternary nanocomposites as an electrode

material for supercapacitor. Structural, morphological, elemental configuration and functional group

characterization of CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI composites were characterized by X-ray Diffraction,

Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterizations of CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI by using Cyclic

Voltammetry, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Galvanostatic Charge Discharge were

studied in 1M H3PO4 electrolyte. CNF/NiCo2S4/PANI exhibited outstanding electrochemical

performances of high specific capacitance 245.19 Fg-1 at 1 Ag-1 current density, high energy density

of 21.79 WhKg-1, power density of 199.95 Wkg-1 and it also have good cycling stability (>1000

cycles) by using 1M H3PO4 as an electrolyte.

Keywords: Supercapacitor, Electrospinning, Nanocomposite, Nickel Cobaltite Sulphate

82




NAC 2019

Graphene oxide and their combination with loaded silver nanoparticles

determines the antibacterial activity: Influence of graphene oxide size

performance

Thi Tuong Vi Truong, Shingjiang Jessie Lue

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan


E-mail:[email protected]

Graphene oxide (GO) and their derivatives are well-known as good antimicrobial

nanomaterials because of their biocompatibility and interaction with bacteria on the surface. Among

many factors leading to its toxicity, size matter is one of the most relevant issues. Herein, E. coli

(Escherichia coli) was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties along with a series of dependent

size GO suspension. In addition, to enhance antibacterial properties of GO, silver nanoparticles (Ag

NPs) were doped along with a series of corresponding GO size to GO-Ag NPs nanocomposite. Our

results show that antibacterial activity depends on GO size effect. Growth curve killing bacteria test

results showed larger GO size exhibited higher antibacterial effect than smaller one. Similarly, larger

size GO-Ag NPs antibacterial result showed higher than smaller size GO-Ag NPs. Fully entrapment

bacteria by larger GO can be observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission

electron microscopy (TEM) images. We proposed that large GO may entrap bacteria facilitating Ag

NPs penetrate into the inner bacteria cell.

Keywords:

Nanomaterials; nanocomposite; graphene oxide; silver nanoparticles; antibacterial activity.

References:

1. Liu, S.; Hu, M.; Zeng, T. H.; Wu, R.; Jiang, R.; Wei, J.; Wang, L.; Kong, J.; Chen, Y., Lateral

Dimension-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide Sheets. Langmuir 2012, 28,

(33), 12364-12372.

2. Tang J, et al. 2013 Graphene Oxide–Silver Nanocomposite As a Highly Effective

Antibacterial Agent with Species-Specific Mechanisms ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

5(9) 3867-3874

83

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0376738818317356#!




NAC 2019

Fabrication of In2Se3 nanocubes via laser ablation in liquid

Siddhant Dhongade, Akihiro Furube*, Pankaj Koinkar

Department of optical science, Graduate school of technology industrial and social science,

Tokushima University, Japan.


The research interest on two dimensional (2D) materials are growing day by day because of their

emerging properties especially optical and optoelectronic properties. Indium selenide (In2Se3) is one

of the 2D nanomaterial having polyphase with interesting optical and optoelectronic properties. Each

phase α (two layers hexagonal), β (three layers rhombohedral), γ (defect wurtzite in hexagonal), δ

and κ has their own optical band gap, and among all of them α and γ phase are stable phases. In this

work, we prepared indium selenide nanocubes using nanosecond laser ablation exfoliated in water at

room temperature. The synthesized In2Se3 nanocubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the

cubical morphology of the material while energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was carried to

confirm atomic percentage. It is expected that cubical In2Se3 has importance for optoelectronic device.

Keywords: Indium selenide, Laser ablation, Exfoliation, Cubical morphology.

84



NAC 2019

Liquid Thermoelectric Composites Based on Bismuth Telluride and CNTs

Hao-Jen You1

1 Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica


Thermoelectric devices and materials capable of delivering reliable performance in the

room-temperature for life have been a challenge mainly due to the inflexibility and limited

performance of Bi2Te3. However, some new research combining the binder for flexible thermoelectric

materials has achieved, but the performance was still low. Here, we demonstrate a new solution to

hybrid Cu doped Bi2Te3 particle within conductive CNTs using the in-situ synthesis to be incorporated

into polyimide for thermoelectric ink. Significantly, the high performance of composites had not only

increasing the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient but also reducing thermal conductivity.

These materials have the record maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 0.75 (n-type) & 0.87

(p-type) at room temperature is achieved. The origin of the excellent flexibility and thermoelectric

performance of the composites are attributed, by the special chemical interaction between the

transition metal and carbon-based material, and special property of organic and hybrid materials

system. This study provides insight into the design and fabrication of high-performance flexible

thermoelectric materials.

85



NAC 2019

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activity of Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites from

Ultraviolet to Near infrared light towards the degradation of Organic Dyes.

Kebena Gebeyehu Motora1, Chang-Mou Wu2*, Tolesa Fita Chala3, Min-Hui Chou4, Chung-Feng

Jeffrey Kuo5


Technology, Taipei 10607 Taiwan, R.O.C

* Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

A novel full spectrum light driven Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites materials were

synthesized via a facile simple precipitation method. The as-prepared samples were characterized

by using XRD, FESEM, UV–Vis, XPS and PL in order to investigate the crystal-structures,

morphology and optical properties. The results indicated that the Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposite

exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and good durability for the degradation of organic

pollutants such as Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue under the irradiation of full solar spectrum, UV,

Visible and infrared light. Particularly, the sample with the mole ratio of Ag3VO4 : WO2.72 at (1:2), the

degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B was 100% (solar within 60 min),96.4%(UV

within90min), 97.5% (Visible within 90 min) and 52% (NIR within 180 min) and the degradation ef

ficiency for methylene blue was 94.6% (UV within 60 min), 98% (Visible within 60 min) and 86.8

% (NIR within 180 min). The reaction rate constant of Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites was 4.5 times

and 7.5 times that of Ag3VO4 and WO2.72, respectively for degradation of Rhodamine B under solar

light irradiation. The improved photocatalytic efficiency might be attributed to the enhanced light

absorption in the entire full spectrum region, efficient separation of photogenerated charge

carriersand a synergetic effect between Ag3VO4 and WO2.72. Therefore, the prepared AgV-WO-2 na

nocomposite is promising as an efficient photocatalyst for removal of organic pollutants especially

for photodegradation of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue.

Keywords: Ag3VO4/WO2.72 nanocomposites; Organic pollutants; Full-spectrum; Near-infrared;

Photocatalysis.

86



NAC 2019

Cellulose nanocrystal/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposite film: Ecofriendly

synthesis, physicochemical characterization and properties

Mithilesh Yadav1, Fang-Chyou Chiu1,2

1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333,

Taiwan 2Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333,

Taiwan


Needle-shaped cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared from cellulose microcrystals

(CMCs) using acid hydrolysis method. The yield of the fabricated CNCs was found approximately

65%.These CNCs were further used for synthesizing CNC/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposite films

using solution casting of a mixture of κ-carrageenan, glycerol, and CNCs. The structure and

morphology of synthesized CNC/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposites films were supported by

characterizations like fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission

electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the CNC incorporation at

different levels on physical and mechanical properties (density, moisture content, opacity, water

solubility, water vapor permeability, tensile strength and elongation at break) of κ-carrageenan film

were investigated. The CNC/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposites showed higher mechanical, and UV

barrier properties. The water vapor permeability decreased from 8.93 to 4.69 ×10-11gm-1 s-1Pa-1 after

7 wt.% CNC loading. With the incorporation of 7 wt.% CNC, the TS and EB of the films increased

from 38.33±3.79 MPa to 52.73±0.70 MPa and from 21.50±3.72 % to 28.27±2.39 %, respectively.

The obtained TGA data confirmed that the thermal stability of CNC/κ-carrageenan films was found

better than that of neat CNC/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposites films. Compared with the carrageenan

film, the CNC/κ-carrageenan films had darker appearance, lower water solubility, lower moisture

absorption and high contact angle. On the basis of the data of the present investigation, it is

concluded that the CNC/κ-carrageenan bionanocomposite films may have a potential scope in

packaging industries.

87

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22944444

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22944444



NAC 2019

Resin impregnation of solvent treated cellulose nanofiber preform by solution

dipping technique

Devendran Thirunavukarasu1, Yoshinobu Shimamura 2, Tomoyuki Fujii2, Keiichiro Togo2

1 Department of Environments and Energy Systems, University of Shizuoka, Japan.

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shizuoka, Japan.


Nanocomposites films were produced by impregnating the solvent treated cellulose

nanofiber (SCNF) preforms with epoxy resin system using solution dipping technique. In this work,

we are investigating the effect of SCNF sheet porosity on the amount of impregnated resin and tensile

properties of the corresponding nanocomposites films. Porosity of the CNF sheets were successfully

controlled using solvent with different concentration of CNF. The impregnated resin amount

increased as the SCNF sheet porosity increased, respectively. FESEM images showed that the epoxy

resin was impregnated homogenously throughout the 0.5% SCNF. The tensile strengths and Young’s

modulus of SCNF/EP films were higher than those of the solvent treated cellulose nanofiber perform.

88



NAC 2019

Characterization on the gelation mechanism and network structure of mixed

carrageenan gels using particle tracking

Lester Geonzon1, Rommel Bacabac2, Shingo Matsukawa1

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology,

Japan 2 Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Philippines


The most industrially utilized carrageenans are the κ-(KC), ι-(IC) and λ-(LC) carrageenan

which differs in the amount of sulfate groups per carrabiose unit: one (G4S-DA) for KC, two (G4S-

DA2S) for IC, and three (G2S-D2S,6S) for LC. Among the three types, KC and IC exhibited gelling

properties influenced by temperature and presence of cations (K+, Ca2+). KC formed a hard and brittle

gel while IC formed a soft and so called “weak gel”. On the other hand, LC is a non-gelling

carrageenan. The functionality of carrageenan in various applications depends largely on their

rheological properties. Mixtures of KC and IC have been extensively studied and found that KC and

IC formed gel network independently upon cooling. However, the network structure of the mixed

gels whether phase separated into KC-rich and IC-rich or interpenetrated network is still unclear.

Passive particle tracking is a noninvasive technique performed by monitoring the Brownian

motion of the probe particle which provide important information on the local viscoelastic property

of the solution through the mean square displacement (MSD). In this study, the gelation mechanism

of pure carrageenans and mixture of KC:IC and KC:LC were investigated by tracking the Brownian

motion of particles with diameter of 100 nm [1].

The MSD of particles in KC gels decreased drastically around the gelling temperature of KC

indicating the trapping of particles. On the other hand, the particles in IC gels and LC solution showed

diffusivity even at low temperature allowing us to propose the network structure of a weak gel [2].

The individual MSD of particles in the mixture showed a large distribution after 1-day storage,

indicating the emergence of microstructural heterogeneity in the gel. This heterogeneity was

attributed to the frozen structure on the way to phase-separated network structure. The van Hove

correlation plots suggested the presence of two groups of particles with fast and slow mobilities

suggesting that mixed KC:IC was frozen on the way to a phase-separated network structures made of

KC-rich and IC-rich domains with a size of >100 nm due to the network formation of KC and IC

chains. For KC:LC gels, the phase-separated structure was clearly observed due to the inability of LC

to form network and the extensive aggregation of KC. Furthermore, the mixture of KC:LC at different

mixing ratio suggests a phase transition from sea-island to island-sea network.

89



NAC 2019

Development and Characterization of Thermal-responsive Moisture-regulation

Smart Fabrics

Wen-Hsiang Chen, Wen-Jung Chen, Nai-Yun Liang

Department of Raw Materials and Fibers, Taiwan Textile Research Institute, Taiwan


This study was focused on development of thermal-responsive moisture-regulation polymer.

Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer was between 34 and 35 °C in an aqueous

solution with a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Thermal-responsive moisture-regulation smart fabrics

were prepared from thermal-responsive moisture-regulation polymer aqueous solution by

impregnation treatment via padder. The treated fabric exhibited thermal-responsive moisture-

regulation behavior as evidenced by AATCC 199-2012, AATCC 201-2014, FTTS-FA-179, ISO

16533-2014 and sweating torso test confirming faster drying time and lower skin temperature above

LCST compared to untreated one. This mean that the smart fabrics provide cooler, dryer and always

comfortable in changing conditions. This study provides a thermal-responsive moisture-regulation

polymer for fabrication of smart fabrics with thermally switchable hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity.

90



NAC 2019

Electrospun Eu(TTA)3phen/polymer blend nanofibers for photoluminescent

smart fabrics

Manjusha P. Dandekar1#, Sangeeta G. Itankar1, Deoram V. Nandanwar2, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India 2Department of Physics, Mohata Science College, Nagpur, India



In this paper, we report an innovative electrospun composite nanofibers containing a complex

of Eu(TTA)3phen in a matrix of polymers blends prepared by electrospinning for designing smart

fabrics. Europium complex Eu(TTA)3phen (TTA=2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone, phen=1,10-

phenanthroline) was synthesized by co-precipitation technique and then used for the preparation of

electrospun nanofibers of Eu(TTA)3phen using polymer blends such as PVDF-PMMA, PMMA-PS

and PVDF-PS. Nanofibers of Eu(TTA)3phen/polymer blends were characterized by SEM, FTIR,

XRD, CIE and PL. Photoluminescence study of the nanofibers show typical Eu3+ ion red emission,

assigned to the transitions between the first excited state (5D0) and the multiplet states (7F0-4). The

Judd-Ofelt theory was used to calculate intensity parameters from emission data of

Eu(TTA)3phen/polymers blends. Presence of PVDF in both polymer blends generally increase

intensity of hypersensitive transition and probably responsible for enhancements of

photoluminescence properties. Nanofibers of Eu(TTA)3phen/PVDF-PS and Eu(TTA)3phen/PVDF-

PMMA can be a prominent candidate for designing photoluminescent smart fabrics.

Keywords: Polymer materials, nanofibers, polymer composites, rare-earth complex,

photoluminescence.

91




NAC 2019

Influence of polymer in photoluminescence properties of electrospun Eu3+doped

polymer nanofibers

Sangeeta G. Itankar1#, Manjusha P. Dandekar1, Pankaj Koinkar2, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India 2Department of Optical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan



Eu3+ doped polymer nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique using various

polymers such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyethylene oxide (PEO), poly(vinyl

pyrrolidone) (PVP) to study the influence of polymer in their photoluminescence properties. As-

fabricated nanofibres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive

spectroscopy (EDX) and photoluminescence (PL). Spectral analysis of Polymer/Eu3+ nanofibres was

based on their emission spectra. The photoluminescence property shows superior bright red emission

spectra from the Eu3+ and relatively stronger hypersensitive behavior of the 5D0 →7F2 transition. Eu3+

doped polymeric nanofibers are very much suitable for photoluminescent fabric designing in smart

textiles. The enhanced properties of this photoluminescence indicated a more polarized chemical

environment for the Eu3+ ions and greater hypersensitivity for the 5D0 →7F2transition, which showed

the potential for application in various polymer optoelectronic devices.

Keywords: Polymer materials, smart and functional materials, nanofibers, electrospinning,

photoluminescence.

92




NAC 2019

Switchable Wettability of Electrospun poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-NMA)

Nanofiber Membranes and Their Applications as Potential Material for Smart

Textiles

Chang-Mou Wu1, Laika Jayne Montefalcon2 , Shamik Chaudhuri1

1 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science &

Technology, Taiwan 2 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman,

Philippines


In the present work, poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-(N-

methylolacrylamide)], poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-NMA) random copolymer is synthesized and

electrospun (ES) nanofibers are successfully prepared from it. The moieties of this random copolymer

NIPAAm, HEMA and NMA are designed to provide thermoresponsive property, hydrophilic property

and chemical cross-linking property to achieve stability in water, respectively. Different compositions

of this copolymer are synthesized through free radical copolymerization method and their properties

are investigated. The copoloymers are characterized by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the confirmation of its structural

constituents and identification of bonds between them. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is

executed to obtain the thermal behaviour. The copolymer shows significant change of optical

transmittance with variation of temperature, which is measured by UV-Vis absorption spectrometry.

This change of optical transmittance, which is basically a significant change of volume (i.e.

hydrophilic/ hydrophobic) during heating and cooling cycle between 25 to 40°C, attributed to lower

critical solution temperature (LCST) property of the thermoresponsive NIPAAm moiety. Further,

electrospinning of the polymer is executed on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film substrate with

vaiartion of different parameters in order to optimize bead-free nanofiber. Cross-linking of ES

nanofibers, soon after electrospinning, show excellent wettability and dimensional stability in

aqueous media. Variation of water contact angle shows the change of wettability due to the change of

temperature. The results indicate as prepared ES nanofibers have the potential for application in smart

textile.

93



NAC 2019

Infrared-driven poly(vinylidene difluoride)/tungsten oxide pyroelectric

generator for non-contact energy harvesting

Chang-Mou Wu1*, Min-Hui Chou1, Tolesa Fita Chala1, Yoshinobu Shimamura2

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan.


Wasted heat has been regarded as one of the most important and widely available renewable

energy sources worldwide, and a lot of attention has been paid to harvesting ambient wasted thermal

energy. In this study, a novel infrared (IR)-driven non-contact pyroelectric generator based on

electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibrous membranes is developed for converting

photothermal energy into useful electrical energy. Here, we incorporate a photothermal conversion

material: reduced tungsten oxide (WO2.72), into PVDF to enhance the heat transfer of PVDF/WO2.72

nanofibrous membranes, which is due to their excellent IR absorbance. Meanwhile, partially covered

electrodes are used to achieve faster and larger temperature fluctuations, which further improve

pyroelectric energy transformation. Under IR irradiation, the temperature of the PVDF/WO2.72

pyroelectric composites containing 7 wt% WO2.72 rapidly rises to 107.1 °C after 60 s, which is 41.5 °C

higher than that of the WO2.72-free PVDF composites. The maximum output voltage of the WO2.72-

free PVDF composites is 0.5 V, while that of the 7 wt% PVDF/WO2.72 composites is three times

higher, and reaches 1.5 V. Moreover, the 7wt% PVDF/WO2.72 composites also present good

pyroelectric energy output stability and durability.

Keyword: Electrospinning; Polyvinylidene fluoride; Tungsten Oxide; Pyroelectricity; Photothermal

Conversion

94



NAC 2019

Welding residual stress analysis on dissimilar metal welded joint applied to LNG

fuel tank for coastal vessels

Tae-Yeob Kim1, Je-Hyoung Cho1,Sung-Won Yoon1, Myung-Hyun Kim2

1 Department of Advanced Materials,Research Institute of Medium & Small

Shipbuilding(RIMS),Busan 46757, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,Pusan National

University(PNU),Busan 46241, Republic of Korea


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of welding residual stress on welded

joints of dissimilar metals in fuel tank applied to LNG fuelled ships. In general, residual stress and

deformation are caused by non-uniform temperature distribution by welding heat source not only

cause a brittle fracture, local buckling and corrosion damage but also adversely affect fatigue strength

in the welded structures. Since liquefied natural gas (LNG) is treated at cryogenic temperatures of -

162 °C, leakage of LNG from the fuel tank to the outside may cause cracks in the hull and tank

support system and cause serious damage. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the thermal behavior

and weld residual stresses of the weld before welding is carried out. In this study, weld residual

stresses of dissimilar metal welded joints (9% Ni steel and SUS304, HMS and SUS304) were

analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA). The results of this study can be used as a fundamental

study for residual stress analysis of dissimilar metal welded joint applied to cryogenic fuel tanks for

coastal vessels as well as a design guideline.

Keywords: LNG fuel tank, dissimilar metal welding, welded joints, welding residual stress, finite

element method, 9% Ni steel, Hi-Mn steel

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20004935, Development of

Small and Medium Sized LNG Fuel Storage Module for Coastal Ships) funded by the Ministry of

Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).

95



NAC 2019

A Study on Mechanical Properties after Bonded Repair of Sandwich Composite

Materials

Kim Sung-hoon1, Ha Jong-rok1, Cho Je-hyung1, Kim Myung-hyun2

1 Ocean ICT & Advanced Materials Technology Research Division, Research Institute of Medium &

Small Shipbuilding 2 Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Pusan National University


Composite materials are applied in various industries such as aerospace, automobiles, and

shipbuilding. In particular, sandwich composites composed of a core in between two composite face-

sheets have high bending stiffness due to their geometry. Despite these advantages, because

composite materials are difficult to recycle, many problems arise when the lifetime of the structure is

over. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to identify efficient repairing method of

sandwich composite materials. Repairing methods of sandwich composite materials were applied to

bonded patch. In order to fairly evaluate, the damage was assumed to a rectangular. After the repair,

flexural test was performed to find efficient repairing method on each case through identifying static

load recovery rate. Fatigue test was performed on the sandwich composites to find fatigue cycles.

Infinite fatigue life was supposed to has 106 cycles. Static and fatigue modes were evaluated for each

repair method. FEM (Finite Elements Method) was performed and compared with experimental

results.

Keywords: sandwich composites, patch repair, mechanical properties, structural analysis

Acknowledgement

This research was a part of the project titled 'Development of foam core material and composite for

shipbuilding'(Projects No. 1415152432), funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Rep. of

Korea.

96



NAC 2019

Influences of Construction Procedure on the Strength of Single-Lap Laminated

Plates

Guang-Min Luo1, Bo-Chiuan Su2

1 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering

, University of National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology



FRP laminated plates are often joined by a single-lap joints. For large FRP components,

different structural parts need to be made with different methods. Therefore, the joint construction

process will affect the joint strength. The main structure of large structures is often made using

Vacuum Assistant Resin Transfer Molding(VARTM), and the secondary reinforced structures are

carried out by hand lay-up method. The material supplier claims that the laminated structures made

by VARTM can be directly followed by tearing off the releasing media without additional surface

grinding. However, in the actual construction procedure, the surface grinding operation is performed

to ensure the roughness of the joint surface. In addition, another material supplier recommends the

use of surface active agent to temporarily activate the activity of joint surface resin, and claims that

this approach can enhance the secondary joint strength. In response to the above concerns, we adopt

all feasible methods and verify them through reproducible experiments. Finally, the experimental

results show that the grinding process of the single-lap joint is still necessary.

Keywords:

Single-lap joint;Vacuum Assistant Resin Transfer Molding(VARTM);Surface active agent

97




NAC 2019

Facile fabrication of one dimensional CNF/NiFe2S4 for high performance

supercapacitor

Rounak R. Atram#1, Vijaykumar M. Bhuse2, Ramdas G. Atram3, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

2Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Nagpur, India 3Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Nagpur, India



In this paper, novel CNF/NiFe2S4 nanofibers were synthesised by simple one step inexpensive

electrospinning process. CNF/NiFe2S4 material was used as potential electrode for supercapacitor.

The as-fabricated CNF/NiFe2S4 was characterised for the study of surface morphology, elemental

configuration, functional group identification and crystal structure by using Scanning Electron

Microscopy, Energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

and X-Ray Diffraction. The electrochemical performance was studied in 1M H2SO4 electrolyte by

using Cyclic Voltammetry with potential window of 1.4V, Galvanostatic Charge Discharge from

which the maximum specific capacitance of 460 Fg-1 with energy density and power density of 15.97

Wh kg-1 and 249.98 W kg-1 respectively at current density of 1Ag-1 was obtained. The charge transfer

mechanism was studied from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These results show that the

CNF/NiFe2S4 electrode could be a promising material for high performance supercapacitor

application.

Keywords: Nanocomposites; Supercapacitor; Electrospinning; Carbon nanofibers; Nickel Ferric

Sulphate.

98




NAC 2019

Cost Effective Partially Fluorinated Electrolyte Formulation for Anode-Free

Lithium Metal Battery

Tesfaye Teka Hagos1, Shuo-Feng Chiu2, Balamurugan Thirumalraj2, Chen-Jui Huang2 Wei-Nien

Su1, *, Bing-Joe Hwang2,3,*

1Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology,

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan 2Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan

University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan 3National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan

Corresponding Authors: [email protected]; [email protected]

The world is in need of efficient energy storage materials with an affordable cost, better energy

density, safe and extended cycle life. To this end, scholars are investigating an alternative idea to

boost the energy density, safety and minimize cost to satisfy the need of the society. One of the new

ideas is the use of alternative design such as anode-free rechargeable lithium metal battery. In

principle, if the Li+ ions extracted from the positive electrode can be reversibly plated onto and

stripped back from the Cu current collector as Li metal, a rechargeable Li metal battery with

Cu/separator/cathode/Al configuration can be assembled. The absence of Li+ host anode material

reduces the cell weight and space required for the anode as a result; energy density of the AFLB will

therefore be significantly larger compared to the conventional Li-ion batteries. Nevertheless, realizing

this anode-free battery in practical applications is still handicapped. The major reason for the failure

of this system is depletion of the active Li and consumption of electrolyte solvents during repair of

the SEI (unstable SEI). To mitigate this issue developing a functional electrolyte is therefore the key

solution to bring it into practical application. Nowadays electrolyte which can able to form fluorinated

interfaces and stabilizes both the anode and cathode part during the electrochemical process are

attracting attention of many scholars.

Therefore, here we developed new electrolyte solution of Carbonate-Ether Mixed Partially

Fluorinated Electrolyte Design with the standardized commercial salt LiPF6 which is stable at wider

potential (2.5-4.5 V). The as-prepared electrolyte suppresses dendrite growth, form conductive and

stable LiF dominated solid electrolyte interface (SEI) for anode-free lithium metal battery using

Cu‖LiNi0.3Mn0.3Co0.3O2. It shows stable cyclic performance with high average Coulombic efficiency

> 98.7 % and high retention capacity for long cycles with 0.5 mA/cm2 current density both in the

anode free system and NMC/MCMB full cell. The enhanced cycle life and well retained in capacity

using the as-prepared electrolyte is mainly because of the synergetic effect of the partially fluorinated

carbonated and ether based functional groups in which on contributes to the higher voltage and the

other contributes to the higher efficiency.

Keywords: SEI; anode-free Lithium metal battery; carbonate-ether mixed solvent; copper foil,

Fluorinated Interphase

99




NAC 2019

Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopic imaging used for inspecting

PEDOT: PSS/n-Si solar cells

Swapnil Shinde1, Pankaj M. Koinkar2, *Keh-Moh Lin1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Tainan, Taiwan. 2Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, 2-1

Minamijosanjima Cho, Tokushima, Japan.


Within a recent decade the first demonstration of photoluminescence excitation

spectroscopic (PLES) imaging is an accomplished method for the classification of silicon made

products like photovoltaic (PV) devices and materials. In this work the PLES imaging method is used

to characterize the quality of solar cells during its manufacturing process. In the first part of this work

we captured PLES images of mono-crystalline and multi-crystalline silicon solar cells to investigate

the defects in solar cells. In the second part of this work, n-type silicon wafer and poly 3, 4-

ethlenedioxythiophene-poly styrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) were used to fabricated a new type of

solar cell by spin coating and electron beam deposition (E-beam) techniques. The PLES imaging

technique is used to capture the photoluminescence images and to inspect their quality and

characteristics. We also used grey scale analysis to study the luminescence properties of both types

of solar cells. The PLES imaging technique allows used to find out the problematic steps during the

manufacturing process of solar cells.

Keywords: Photoluminescence, PEDOT:PSS, Silicon, Solar cell.

100



NAC 2019

Green reduction of graphene oxide using various reducing agent for

supercapacitor applications

Kam Sheng Lau1, Riski Titian Ginting2*, Sin Tee Tan3, Chin Hua Chia1*, Siew Xian Chin1,4, Sarani

Zakaria1

1Materials Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan 20118, Indonesia.

3Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,

Selangor, Malaysia. 4ASASIpintar Program, Pusat PERMATApintar®, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,

Selangor, Malaysia.


*E-mail:[email protected]

In this work, sodium cholate (NaC) was used as novel green reducing agent for graphene

oxide (GO) reduction at 90 °C and short synthesis time using a continuous segmented flow reaction

system. As a comparison, we had used the common reducing agent which is glucose to study its

chemical and electrochemical properties. The morphologies of GO and reduced-graphene oxide

(rGO) were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning

electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), Raman and Ultraviolet-visible

(UV-Vis) spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that reduction of GO occurred. For electrochemical

measurements, the rGO was cast on carbon cloth to investigate the electrochemical performance with

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) measurements. NaC assisted

rGO (rGO-NaC) was able to achieve a specific capacitance up to 94 F g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and remarkable

capacitance retention of 103 % after 10000 cycles. A flexible test shows that rGO-NaC bendable at

0-60°. These results demonstrate that rGO-NaC is promising as flexible supercapacitors electrodes.

101



NAC 2019

Electrical Behavior of Piezo-electrical Ceramics associated with the Mechanical

Exertion using for Space Energy Harvesting

Hyeong Sub Shin1, Dae Weon Kim2,*

1 Department of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

2 Division of Intelligent Automobile, Silla University

E-mail:[email protected]

*E-mail:[email protected]

The piezo-electrical ceramics is one of useful material to acquire the in-situ electrical power

associated with the mechanical motion or structural deformation. Solar cells on panels are being

activated to collect the electrical energy from the effect of solar photovoltaic process. In recent time,

other methods or concept for the energy equipment supporting the power of solar cell instead of the

ground-ready fuel or energy source to increse the total performace and life time of spacecrafts. Piezo-

electrical ceramic is a highly useful matter to acquire required power of electrical energy from

mechanical deformation or structural movement, therefore it is able to apply for space mission

promptly without any major changed or additional technics and skills. Strength of radiation heat on

orbit from solar surface is much stronger and huger than those on earth-ground, given sufficient

energy to the metallic rods installed at spacecrafts having higher thermal extension than common

space materials for deformation or deviation of the crystalline orientation in attached pair-set of piezo-

ceramics through a newly designed physical contacting system.

Keywords : piezo-ceramics, space environments, energy harvesting, radiation heating.

102




NAC 2019

New 2.1 V Lithium- ion Battery with Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) Anode

and LiMn2O4 Cathode

Gebregziabher Brhane Berhe,a Wei-Nien Su,a,* and Bing-Joe Hwangb,d, *

a Nano-electrochemistry laboratory, graduate institute of applied science and technology, National

Taiwan University of science and technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

b Nano-electrochemistry laboratory, department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan

University of science and technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan

d National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsin-chu, Taiwan

Sulfur/polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) composites are demonstrated as one of the interesting

anode materials for lithium ion battery due to its high theoretical capacity, low cost and environmental

friendliness. Herein, we investigated the electrochemical properties of SPAN composite as the

anode material and LiMn2O4 (LMO) cathode for sulfur-lithium ion battery in carbonate based

electrolyte for the first time. Sulfur as an anode coupled with a lithium-ion intercalation cathode

creates a unique Li-ion/sulfur chemistry, realizing the highest energy density ever achieved, along

with high safety and excellent cycle-life. The cell delivered a reversible discharge capacity of 1378.16

mAh/g at 0.1 C with specific capacity retention of 90.86% after 150 cycles. At 1 C, the capacity

retention was 807.96 mAh/g after 400 cycles with an average decay rate of 0.7 mAh/cycle and average

columbic efficiency of 99.5 % and its rate capability delivers a highly reversible capacity of 868.27

mAh/g at 2 C. The full SPAN/LMO cell is able to deliver a record high energy density of 185 Wh/kg

(total electrode mass) and a power density of 270 W/kg (total electrode mass) at 1 C within the voltage

ranging from 1 to 3.2 V. This new type of batteries surpasses current lead acid or VRLA batteries in

gravimetric energy density four times. The capacity fading at 55 is mainly caused by the deposition

of manganese on SPAN anode as XPS result confirmed. However, shuttling manganese was not

observed when the cell was cycled at 25 o C. This strategy can be applied for other sulfur composite

to provide a route for the development of high performance, cost effective and environmental

benignity lithium ion based rechargeable batteries and the demonstrated cell with high rate and high

capacity opens up new application opportunities for various electrical energy storage.

Keyword: non-aqueous sulfur battery; SPAN composite; high capacity; energy storage

103


NAC 2019

Cyclical Electric Influence in Cracked Piezoelectric Ceramic Under a Constant

Mechanical Load

Dong-Chul Shin1, Tae-Gyu Kim2 and *Dae-Weon Kim3

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koje College, Republic of Korea

2 School of Nanomecharonics Engr., Pusan National Univ., Republic of Korea 3 Division of Intelligent Vehicle, Silla University, Republic of Korea


According to previous experiments, cracking in the piezoelectric ceramics subjected to the

electric load usually propagated only under the cyclical electric loading shown amplitude near or over

their coercive electric field. While the mechanical load with electrical fatigue is applying on

piezoelectric material, the lower electric field than other studies is able to apply for the coercive

electric field (Ec) or those equivalent electric fields. The double torsion (DT) technique is the

particular and effective method to measure toughness of fracture and growth behavior of slow crack

in ceramic material. Therefore, this research focused on growth behavior of crack initiated by kinds

of cyclic fatigue on electric fields generated from the piezoelectric ceramics dominated with constant

mechanical load using the DT technique.

From the result of study, it obtained the practical feasibility of the DT technique for piezoelectric

ceramics and established the experimental method of the crack propagation for the piezoelectric

ceramics using a relatively lower voltage. And coefficients C and m acquired using the curve fitting

of the traditional Paris equation, which is included the related factor between growth rate of fatigue

crack and intensity of electric displacement. A quantitative description for the C-82 ceramics

suggested and given as follows:

mDKC

dN

da)( ,

397.15 10C and 7.48m

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-9

10-8

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

Amplitude of applied

electric field, E [kV/m]

: 187.5 (3kV)

: 250.0 (4kV)

: 312.5 (5kV)

: 375.0 (6kV)

: 437.5 (7kV)

: 500.0 (8kV)

: 562.5 (9kV)

: 625.0 (10kV)

: Fit curve (Paris Law)

da/dN

[m

/cycle

]

KD [Cm

-3/2]

Keywords : piezoelectric ceramic, double torsion technique, facture and fatigue, material testings.

104



NAC 2019

Ultrafast carrier dynamics of laser-ablated rGO decorated with Au

Yatin Bhamare, Pankaj Koinkar, Akihiro Furube*

Department of Optical Science, Tokushima University, Japan

E-mail: *[email protected]

The honeycomb lattice structure of graphene possesses a two dimensional sheet of sp2

hybridized carbon atoms. It attracts the interest of scientists all over the world for experimental and

theoretical research because of its unique properties like high thermal conductivity, exceptional

chemical, mechanical, electrical and optical properties. The zero-bandgap semiconducting property

and high electrical conductivity which shows both electron and holes are charge carriers with high

mobilityis also considered as interesting photocatalytic material. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)

shows the ability to store and transfer electrons. It also acts as a good supporter for the rGO-metal

hybrid systems. Laser ablation technique enhances the properties of nanoparticle (NP). Transient

absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is a powerful experimental technique for studying photo-generated

carrier dynamics while controlling the physical parameters such as the size of nanoparticle. The

ultrafast optical response of laser-ablated rGO decorated with Au NPs is investigated in this study,

aiming the application of visible-light photocatalysis.

TEM images shows successful synthesis of rGO-Au composite. Also, after laser ablation Au

nanoparticle size is decreased. Transient absorption spectroscopy shows a prompt absorption rise for

before and after laser ablated rGO-Au composite due to photoexcited carriers. Subsequent decay is

composed of an ultrafast component for the rGO-Au composite before ablation at 217 fs and the rGO-

Au composite after ablation at 247 fs. This fs decay is obtained due to intra-band relaxation [1]. A

long lifetime component is observed in both rGO-Au composites before and after ablation. Because

of surface plasmon resonance property observed in Au nanoparticle, it might show successful electron

transfer process of metal to rGO, as rGO is good electron acceptor. rGO-Au composites before and

after ablation shows similar amplitude. As TEM images suggests the decrease in size of Au

nanoparticle after laser ablation, therefore laser-ablated rGO-Au composite is suitable candidate for

the photocatalytic reactivity.

Laser-ablated rGO-Au showed long lifetime component in ultrafast carrier dynamics. TEM

images shows the decrease in size of Au nanoparticle, indicating larger surface area for interfacial

charge transfer. High electron mobility of rGO and surface plasmon resonance property of Au is

suitable combination for photocatalytic reactivity.

Reference: 1. Leandro M Malard et al. New Journal of Physics 15 (2013) 015009

105

mailto:*[email protected]


NAC 2019

Current density effects on plasma emission during Plasma Electrolytic

Oxidation (PEO) on AZ91D-Mg alloy

Krunal Girase1, Takahiro Kamimoto1,Yoshihiro Deguchi1*, Chen-Chai Chou2, Eddy Huang2

1The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8501, Japan

2 National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan

* E-mail: [email protected]

For many industrial applications, PEO coating quality needs to be increased to dense, thick

and homogeneous. Therefore, it is necessary to work on limiting or reducing the growth of porous

layer during PEO. The value of applied anodic to cathodic current ratio is an important parameter for

avoid/reducing plasma with strong emission that usually responsible for defects in coating layer. It

was found that by controlling applied current density soft PEO regime without strong plasma

emission can be achieved. Coating during soft regime results good quality than in arc regime. This is

because plasma emission behavior shows grate change by varying current density. Therefore, in this

research work, PEO process has been carried out on AZ91D Mg-alloy and effect of current density

on plasma emission behavior was investigated.

Table 1: PEO process parameters

Case Bipolar pulse timing (µs) Frequency

(Hz)

Duty

Ratio (%)

Anode

Current (A)

Cathode

Current (A) T+ON T+

OFF T-ON T-

OFF

I 200 800 200 800 500 10 1.2 1.0

II 200 800 200 800 500 10 1.5 1.7

Fig. 1 Applied bipolar pulse waveform

Fig. 2 Anodic voltage time response

Fig. 1 and Table1 shows parameters and applied bipolar waveform respectively.

Fig. 2 shows abrupt linear increase in voltage in the beginning with weak emission intensity.

Later, voltage increases evenly for both cases with plasma emission. The sudden voltage drop was

observed at 780 s for case II and gradual voltage increase has been continued for case I. The plasma

emission after voltage drop decreases considerably. This indicate current density ratio less than 1

include soft regime in process which reduces the plasma emission. Therefore, it can be concluded

that. Plasma behavior is affected by the current density. For I+/I->1, plasma emission increases with

anodic pulse time and for I+/I-<1 plasma emission decrease with anodic pulse time. This change in

plasma emission behavior results in improved quality of coating.

106



NAC 2019

Development of Nanofiber Medical Equipment & Present Nanofiber application

Chikashi Naito

ABSTRACT

We develop Electrospinning equipment to create nanofiber and it has been 15 years since we

launched nanofiber business by electrospinning method.

Mainly there are 4 nanofiber applications

1.Health care（Bone Regeneration, Cornea Regeneration, Hemostat, Nervous damage treatment,

Stent, Artificial blood vessel, Artificial skin, Drug Delivery System etc.)

2.Environmental Engineering(Water-purifying filter, Dust-proofing filter, PM 2.5 Mask, Napkin

etc.)

3. Additional Function (Sport’s wear, Food, Cigarette, Facial Pack, Cosmetic, Refrigerator Insulator

etc.)

4. Electronic Component Material (Hydrogen fuel cell, Transparent-conductive film, Flexible Battery,

Ink jet filter etc.)

Nowadays, nanofiber for medical use is getting attention. Moreover, in medical field,

research of a scaffold into which the cell of regeneration will progress to perform.

Reproduction of all the portions of people's body, such as brain, liver, the heart ,skin, cornea,

bone, tendon, tooth, and blood vessel which are known to everyone.

In the medical field, (regeneration medicine, organ transplant), there are application such as the

medicine transfer system(drug delivery system which can have only on the affected part, the wound

Dressing (Antibacterial material which can cure a crack finely and quickly. The market also spreads

out an application as mentioned above.

MECC started Nanofiber projects in 2004 and have developed electrospinning setups based on the

below concepts.

-possible to control various morphologies

-high re-productivity

-possible to spin a wide range of materials into nanofibers

-high flexibility & safety design

Today I would like to introduce especially the latest nanofiber medical application and our

latest electrospinning equipment.

107


NAC 2019

Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofiber Chemosensor and Stretchable

Perovskite-Embedded Fiber Membranes for Light-Emitting Diodes

Loganathan Veeramuthu

Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile

Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.


ABSTRACT

In the first part, novel red–green–blue (RGB) switchable sensors based on fluorescent porous

electrospun (ES) nanofibers exhibiting high sensitivity to pH and mercury ions (Hg2+) were prepared

with one type of copolymer (poly(methyl methacrylatete-co-1, 8-naphthalimide derivatives-co-

rhodamine derivative); poly(MMA-co-BNPTU-co-RhBAM)) by using a single-capillary spinneret.

The MMA, BNPTU, and RhBAM moieties were designed to (i) permit formation of porous fibers,

(ii) fluoresce for Hg2+ detection, and (iii) fluoresce for pH, respectively. The fluorescence emission

of BNPTU (fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) donor) changed from green to blue as it

detected Hg2+. The fluorescence emission of RhBAM (FRET acceptor) was highly selective for pH,

changing from nonfluorescent (pH 7) to exhibiting strong red fluorescence (pH 2). The full-color

emission of the ES nanofibers included green, red, blue, purple, and white depending on the particular

pH and Hg2+-concentration combination of the solution. The porous ES nanofibers with 30-nm pores

were fabricated using hydrophobic MMA, low-boiling-point solvent, and at a high relative humidity

(80%). These porous ES nanofibers had a higher surface-to-volume ratio than did the corresponding

thin films, which enhanced their performance. The present study demonstrated that the FRET-based

full-color-fluorescence porous nanofibrous membranes can be used as naked eye sensors, have

potential in water purification sensing filters.

In the second part, cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with excellent intrinsic

properties have been employed universally in optoelectronic applications but undergo hydrolysis even

when exposed to atmospheric moisture. In the present study, composite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I)

perovskite NCs were encapsulated with stretchable [poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene); SBS] fibers by

electrospinning to prepare water-resistant hybrid membranes as multicolor optical active layers.

Brightly luminescent and color-tunable hydrophobic fiber membranes (FMs) with perovskite NCs

were maintained for longer than 1 h in water. A unique remote FMs packaging approach was used in

high-brightness perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) for the first time. By tuning the

composition and ratio of the perovskite NCs and SBS, pure white light was achieved with various

correlated color temperatures. This approach provides a promising platform for embedding perovskite

quantum dots (QDs) in functional fibers to improve optical stability for a new class of QDs.

108



NAC 2019

Electrospun PVdF-PMMA composite polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium

ion battery

Deoram V. Nandanwar1#, Yogita P. Mahant2, Pankaj Koinkar3, Subhash B. Kondawar2*

1Department of Physics, Mohata Science College, Nagpur, India

2Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India 3Department of Optical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan



The polymer electrolyte membrane prepared by blending of polymethylmethacrylate

(PMMA) into electrospun polyvinyledene fluoride (PVdF) membrane increases ionic conductivity.

In this paper we report the electrospun PVdF/PMMA composite polymer electrolyte membrane with

different proportion of PMMA. Polymer electrolyte membrane was characterized by scanning

electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x ray diffraction

(XRD).Electrospun PVdF/PMMA membrane showed a fully interconnected porous structure

composed of ultrafine fibers the diameter decreases with increasing proportion of PMMA. FTIR

spectra confirmed the miscibility of PMMA with PVdF in the composite PVdF-PMMA fibrous

membrane The thermal and crystalline properties was characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis

(TGA) and differential scanning calorimatry (DSC). Also, it was found that electrolyte uptake (89%)

and electrochemical stability increases with increasing proportion of PMMA. The composite PVdF-

PMMA (50:50) polymer electrolyte membrane had a high ionic conductivity (0.15 Scm-1) at room

temperature.

Keywords: Polymer composites, nanomembranes, polymer electrolytes; electrospinning; lithium ion

batteries.

109



NAC 2019

LPG sensing properties of electrospun in-situ polymerized polyaniline/MWCNT

composite nanofibers

Pallavi T. Patil1#, Pravin S. More2, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India

2Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Mumbai, India #Presenting Author Email: [email protected]


In this paper, we report the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofibers by

electrospinning technique and used as substrate for coating pure polyaniline (PANI) and

PANI/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) separately during chemical oxidative

polymerization. The morphology and structure of PANI and PANI/MWCNT nanofibers were

investigated by SEM, UV-VIS, FTIR and XRD. SEM shows that the fibrous structure of PMMA with

an average fiber diameter 272 nm. UV-Vis, FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of

PANI and its interaction with MWCNT. Electrical responses of the synthesized samples towards LPG

were measured at room temperature for various ppm, which fulfill all the characteristics like

sensitivity, response, recovery of the sensors. Sensitivity study shows that materials under

investigation are found to be highly sensitive for LPG near to room temperature. PANI/MWCNT

nanofibers showed rapid and reversible resistance change upon exposure to LPG as compared to that

of PANI nanofibers, which may be due to MWCNT wrapped by conducting PANI results in the

formation of a charge transfer complex which increases the protonation of the polyaniline and the

transition in the electrical resistance was attributed to a change in the localization length of the

composite nanofibers.

Keywords: Polymer composites, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, nanocomposites, LPG

sensing

110




NAC 2019

Colour tunable photoluminescence from samarium and dysprosium co-doped

ZnO nanofibers

Chaitali N. Pangul1#, Shyamkant W. Anwane2, Subhash B. Kondawar1*

1Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India 2Department of Physics, Shri Shivaji Science College, Nagpur, India



Electrospinning technique was used for the fabrication of samarium (Sm) dysprosium (Dy)

co-doped ZnO nanofibers for colour tunable photoluminescence. The prepared nanofibers were

characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, UV-Vis and FTIR. Nanofibers diameter and morphology was

studied through SEM and the diameter was found to be in the range of 100nm-180nm while presence

of elemental Zn, O, Dy and Sm was assured by EDX spectrum. XRD study reveals the crystalline

structure while the presence of metal stretching bond of Zn-O was observed around 450 cm-1 in FTIR

studies. A tremendous enhancement in band gap was observed by UV-Vis spectrum.

Photoluminescence spectra clearly depicts the energy transfer mechanism within the host ZnO and

dopants Sm and Dy wherein CIE parameter confirms the colour tunabilty of co-doped ZnO nanofibers.

Such materials can be a very good optimum candidate for colour tunable luminescent light emitting

fabrics.

Keywords: Nanomaterials, nanofibers, photoluminescence, smart and functional materials, co-

doping ZnO.

111




NAC 2019

Self-Floating Tungsten Bronze/Recycled Cellulose Triacetate Porous Fiber

Membranes for Efficient Light-Driven Interfacial Water Evaporation

Saba Naseem, Chang-Mou Wu*, Tolesa Fita Chala


Technology, Taipei 10607 Taiwan, R.O.C.


Solar steam generation is a popular approach for generating clean water and treating

wastewater. Tungsten-oxide-based composites have recently received considerable attention owing

to their ability to absorb near-infrared (NIR) light and efficiently convert it into heat energy, which

can be used for water evaporation. The strong surface plasma resonances and intervalence charge

transfers offer insight into strong photoabsorption in a wide range of wavelengths in the NIR region.

In this study, rubidium tungsten bronze with a recycled triacetate cellulose (RbxWO3/rTAC) porous

fiber membrane was fabricated via solution electrospinning methods. The RbxWO3/rTAC porous fiber

membranes, as prepared, floated on the water surface owing to their light weight and hydrophobicity.

These were logically designed for light-driven water evaporation based on the concept of interfacial

heating. RbxWO3 (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) was incorporated into a recycled triacetate cellulose

(rTAC) matrix, and was further evaluated for light-driven water evaporation. The results showed that

the evaporation efficiency of RbxWO3/rTAC fiber membranes with an optimized 15 wt% of RbxWO3

nanorods reached 90.4 ± 2.1%, which is significantly higher than that for pure rTAC fiber membranes

and bulk water. Thus, these photothermal fiber membranes have potential applications in the fields of

water treatment, desalination, and steam power generation.

Keywords: cellulose triacetate (rTAC), tungsten bronze (RbxWO3), photothermal conversion, water

evaporatio

112



NAC 2019

Synthesis of Na-P Zeolite from Geothermal Sludge

Deni F. Fitriyana1, Hazwani Suhaimi3, Sulardjaka2, R. Noferi2, Wahyu Caesarendra2,3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Semarang State University

Sekaran, Gn. Pati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Sudarto, SH, Semarang 50275, Indonesia 3Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong

BE1410, Brunei Darussalam


Geothermal waste from PT. Geo Dipa Energy Dieng was transformed to Na-P zeolite (CFA-

ZP) experimentally at a low temperature (100oC) via conventional hydrothermal. This study was

conducted to determine the effect of the hydrothermal process holding time on the characterization

of Na-P zeolite. Synthesis process via hydrothermal method was performed with different holding

times of 10, 15 and 20 hours at a constant temperature of 100oC. The synthesized material was

characterized using XRD and SEM techniques. The results showed conventional hydrothermal

process successfully converts geothermal waste into Na-P zeolite, zeolite A and sodalite. Increasing

the holding time in conventional hydrothermal method has affected the material characterization of

the synthesized zeolite.

Keywords: green material, recycling, geothermal waste, hydrothermal, Na-P zeolite, zeolite A.

113



NAC 2019

Processing and Properties of Carbon-nanotube Composites in Sheet Forms

Jyun-Ming Luo 1, Wen-Shyong Kuo *2

1 Ph.D Program of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Feng-Chia University

2 Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Feng-Chia University


The CNT/epoxy composites in sheet-forms possess unusual properties due to their

microstructures. Unlike conventional CNT composites, this material is prepared by a two-step

approach: making CNT preform and infiltrating resin into the preform. In making the preform, large

CNT agglomerates were torn apart first. The dispersed individual CNTs were then re-entangled

through vacuum-filtration to form a paper-like CNT preform. For this thin CNT preform, resin can

infiltrate into the preform along the thickness direction, assisted by both vacuum and a pressing

pressure. This approach avoids dispersing CNTs in viscous resin and allows a much denser CNT

packing in the composite. Because the 2D oriented CNTs are entangled and the sheet form like, this

composite is exceptionally flexible. This work examines the processing characteristics, the resulting

micro-structures, and the fracture behavior under a folding test. The loading curve of the folding test

for the present material is highly nonlinear. The load is attributed by two parts: the geometrical

response of the deflected specimen and the material response at high strains, both being nonlinear

with respect to the folding level.

Keywords: Nanomaterial, Nanocomposites, Carbon-nanotube composites sheet, Folding test

114



NAC 2019

Effect of Morphological Structure of HNT Surface Modified by Thermal

Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites in

Water Environment

Soo-Jeogn Park1, Yun-Hae Kim2,*

1 Major in Materials Engineering, Graduate School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University. Busan,

Republic of Korea 2 Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean

University, Busan, Republic of Korea *E-mail: [email protected]

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are environmental friendly nanomaterials, structurally

containing silanol (Si-OH) and aluminum hydroxide (Al-OH) groups, with a thin layer of water

between continuing layers. kaolin group, and it is affected by tubular morphology depending on the

type of HNT (n = 2) and HNT (n = 0).

Therefore, in this study, the surface modification of the halloysite nanotube by thermal

treatment to HNT (n = 0) dehydration structure was performed, and the morphological structure

change was observed. We also analyzed the effect of these changes on the mechanical properties of

polymer matrix nanocomposites and confirmed the reversible/irreversible structural change of the

surface modified HNTs when exposed to the water environment for a long time.

115



NAC 2019

An Application of High Temperature Gas Nitriding (HTGN)Method to Improve

the Quality of Implant Materials 316L and 316LVM

Agus Suprihanto1, W. Caesarendra1,2, D.F. Fitriyana3

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University


BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang State University

Sekaran, Gn. Pati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia


Austenitic stainless steel 316L is widely used as implant materials because it has sufficient

mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and non-magnetic. American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM) in the F138-04 and F139-03 standards recommends that 316L as implant materials.

Although the performance of 316L fulfill the standard medical requirements, it causes sensitization

due to corrosion in the last two decades. The product of corrosion is detrimental to the body because

it causes irritations, allergy and infection to the patients. In the corrosive environments, lack of oxygen

and highly stressed conditions such as at bone plates and screw application affects to decrease the

corrosion resistance of 316L. This paper presents an application of high temperature gas nitriding

(HTGN) method to enhance the material properties of implant materials 316L and 316LVM. HTGN

treatments promises the increasing of corrosion resistance of 316L and 316LVM without reduce the

non-magnetic properties. In order to overcome the grain coarsening, the longer holding time can be

avoided. The research studies the effects of short holding time on the microstructure, corrosion rate,

hardness and magnetic properties of 316L and 316LVM. The HTGN method is applied to 316L and

316LVM materials at 1050, 1100 and 1200oC. Three holding times for HTGN method are varied up

to 15, 30 and 60 minutes to have different comparison results. It is observed from material testing

that grain size, nitrogen content, hardness, corrosion rate and non-magnetic stability increase with

increase of temperature and holding time. The lowest corrosion rate is obtained at 1050oC and 15

minute treatments.

Keywords: 316L, 316LVM, mechanical properties, material testing.

116


Poster Abstract

117


NAC 2019

Anticorrosive Paint Containing Indium Oxide for Protection of 304

Stainless Steel

Yung-Fu Wu, Chun-Hsuan Chung, Han-Hung Chen

Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taiwan


Corrosion of stainless steel results in materials loss, environmental impact and

hazardous accident. Two conventional methods to prevent from metal corrosion are

application of sacrificial anode and exertion of electrical power. However, the former

method generates metal cation drained into underwater, and the latter method consumes

energy to cause additional carbon discharge. Therefore, this study investigated a kind

of anticorrosive paint containing indium oxide for protection of stainless steel, in which

energy conscious and non-consumable semiconductor materials are used. The

anticorrosive paint is mainly composed of UV-absorbing TiO2 powder, visible light-

absorbing In2O3 powder, polyacrylic acid and binder. The prepared paint was coated

using a blade on 304 stainless steel. The photoelectrochemical characteristics of the

anticorrosive paint, including the induced photocurrent by sunlight and open circuit

potential (OCP) of stainless steel immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, was measured

using a potentiostat. The experimental results show that the OCP of stainless steel could

negatively shift by more than 700 mV from its initial potential, representing the steel

was protected due to acting as a cathode in this system. It indicated that the photoexcited

electrons would inject to the stainless steel from the conduction band of oxide

semiconductors under sunlight irradiation. On the other hand, the bubble generated on

the surface of the paint indicated the oxide acted as an anode in this system. In order to

investigate the effect of oxide semiconductors, the paint with TiO2 but without In2O3

was also analyzed. The OCP of stainless steel coated with this kind of paint could only

negatively shift by 550 mV under sunlight irradiation, indicating the In2O3 might

enhance the efficiency of anticorrosion by absorbing visible light. After the

photoelectrochemical test, almost no dissolution of the paint occurred. Therefore, the

proposed anticorrosive materials can achieve the goal of saving material and energy.

118



NAC 2019

Degradation of machined surface in wire electrical discharge machining of

polycrystalline diamond

Tsung-Hsieh Yeh, Tzu-Tang Lin, Chunliang Kuo*

Department of mechanical engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology


Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools have been increasingly used in machining of woods,

non-ferrous metals and composite materials due to their superior physical and mechanical properties

such as high hardness (8000-10000 HV), high elastic modulus (1000 GPa), high heat conductivity (543

W/m K) and low thermal expansion coefficient (3.8 µm/K). Nonetheless, shaping and sharpening of

polycrystalline diamond tools have become problematic particularly on the produced subsurface

damages, microstructure alterations and thermal effects. This study investigated the degradation of

machined surface integrity of the polycrystalline diamond workpieces whilst an electro-thermal energy

of the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) was feasible to engage. Fig. 1(a) presents the

scanned surface on PCD blank, appearing the atomic fractions of the cobalt binder (~8%) and diamond

content (~92%). Fig. 1(b) and (c) reveal the defects of chipping-off at the edge and dislodgement of

diamond grains, which produced by plasma explosion, melting and evaporation. Additionally, the

thermal-induced stress relief led to the loss of binding force, which resulted in the dislodgement of the

wholesale diamond clusters. Fig. 1(d) shows that sporadic recasts of carbon particles were adhered

onto the machined surface, implying a most-likely high discharging temperature being undergone.

Finally, the Raman spectrum shift proved that the tetrahedral diamond structure (sp3: 1320 cm-1) was

degraded to hexagonal graphite structure (sp2: 1580 cm-1) on the superficial surface.

Fig. 1 SEM micrographs of: (a) PCD microstructure, (b) superficial surface and (c) subsurface

damages (d) recast of diamond grains induced by thermal effects.

119



NAC 2019

The Investigation of Interfacial Reactions between Bulk Metallic Glass and

Lead-free Solders

Cheng-Han Lee1, Yen-Wei Chang1, Po-Cheng Kuo1, Yee-Wen Yen1,2*

1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Taipei 10672, Taiwan, R.O.C.

2: Applied Research Center for Thin-Film Metallic Glass, National Taiwan University of Science

and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, R.O.C.

E-mail address: [email protected].

ABSTRACT

In this study, copper mold casting method was utilized to prepare Cu45Zr45Al5Ag5 BMG. The

BMG surface was applied surface finish and pre-plated copper (5 m) as wetting layer. The lead-

free solder layer was used as a joining material. The reaction temperature was set between the

glass transition temperature (Tg) of BMG and the melting point of the solder. After the reflowing

and aging process, the joint sample was examined by SEM, EPMA, XRD, XPS and TEM to obtain

the interface information. It was found that Cu-Zr based BMG can be joined with Cu substrate

successfully after the surface finish and plated Cu on the BMG surface. A diffusion layer was

observed between the BMG and plated Cu, and the thickness was increased with longer aging time,

which belongs to diffusion controlled of the interfacial reaction. The main component of the

diffusion layer is ZrO2 and Cu-rich region. Because of the higher formation rate of ZrO2, the Cu-

rich region was peeled and dispersed in ZrO2 phase.

120



NAC 2019

The development of a monitoring system for analyzing factors affecting film

thickness in the sputtering process

Cheng-Hsueh Chou1, Swapnil Shinde1, You-Teh Lin1, Ci-En Huang1, Zong-Jie Wu1, *Keh-Moh

Lin1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Tainan, Taiwan


Nowadays, due to the progress of optoelectronic industries, the demand for high-quality

transparent conductive films has increased. The application of transparent electrodes on metal

oxide/silver (Ag) film/metal oxide multi-layer structure can improve the efficiency and

photoelectric properties of materials. A previous experimental result shows that the thickness of

silver film in the middle layer is the key factor determining the transmittance as well as

conductivity of transparent electrodes. To obtained high conductivity and transmittance, a

thickness of the silver film should be between 8.5 ~ 13.5 nm. However, the results of Ag deposition

experiments indicate that fluctuation in thickness is more than two nm under the same sputtering

parameters. Therefore, how to effectively and accurately control the thickness of the silver films

is the key to fabricate high-quality transparent electrodes. In this study, we constructed a real-time

monitoring system for the sputtering equipment and wrote a real-time monitoring program by

using Factory Talk View software. And the data collected by a programming logic controller (PLC)

device are saved in a Microsoft Structured Query Language (SQL) Server database. The real-time

monitoring data for 20 nm and 50 nm ZnO thin films fabricated at 90 W sputtering power show

that during the process of sputtering, changing the baffle switch caused the DC bias voltage to

fluctuate greatly, which in turn changed the plasma state. For the 50 nm samples, the average DC

bias was 76.35 V and the average standard deviation of the DC bias was 0.72 V; for the 20 nm

samples, the two values were 75.36 V and 0.55 V, respectively. At position 1, the average thickness

of the 50 nm samples was 49.67 1.84 nm, while that for the 20 nm samples was 18.20 0.78

nm, showing that the fluctuation of DC bias affects the film thickness significantly.

Keywords: sputtering, programmable logic controller, intelligent manufacturing, gateway.

121



NAC 2019

Cathodic protection on steel via photoelectrochemical effect of TiO2/In2O3

composite film

Chang-Lun Guh*, Hsin-Kai Liu, Tzu-Hsuan Tsai

Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of

Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan

*Corresponding author. Tel.: 886-2-2771-2171ext.2793 ; Fax: 886-2-2778-7579

Over the years, corrosion has been a major threat to our infrastructures such as bridges

and underground pipelines, since it would accelerate metal fatigue and cause structural damages.

Cathodic protection is a common measure taken to ease the corrosion effect, especially

photoelectrochemical cathodic protection, for its energy saving and long term protection features.

When coupling with photocatalyst such as titanium dioxide, photogenerated electrons could be

transferred to the surface of metal, lowering its electrical potential to act as the cathode of an

electrochemical cell, which is not prone to corrosion effect. In this study, TiO2/In2O3

nanocomposites were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass as photocatalyst, and the

surface morphology was examined under FE-SEM, while XRD was used to determine the

composition of the composite film. Steel coupling to the composite film was soaked in NaCl

aqueous solution to simulate corrosive environment, and the photoelectrochemical experiments

were carried out under visible light and ultraviolet irradiation, with analysis of polarization curve,

open circuit potential (OCP) and photocurrent density. Experimental results showed that

TiO2/In2O3 composite films exhibiting better corrosion protecting ability comparing to TiO2 alone,

with steel coupling with the composite film showing a lower electrical potential.

Keywords

Photoelectrochemical cathodic protection, photocatalyst, energy, corrosion, nanocomposites

122


NAC 2019

R.D. = 54.9% R.D. = 90.0%

Fig. 2 Coefficient of thermal expansion of Zr2(W1-yMoyO4)(PO4)2 as a function of y (y = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20).

Effects of Sintering Aid on syntheses of Zr2-xTix(WO4)(PO4)2and Zr2(W1-

yMoyO4)(PO4)2

T. Sawada1, N. Inoue2, Y. Fujiwara3, K. Murai4, T. Moriga5

1,2 Advanced Technology and Science of Tokushima University Graduate School

3 Faculty of Engineering of Tokushima University 4,5 Industrial and Social Science of Tokushima University Graduate School


Generally materials show “thermal expansion”, which increase volume upon heating. On the other

hand, “negative thermal expansion” materials show decreasing volume upon heating. Zr2(WO4)(PO4)2 is

known as one of the negative thermal expansion material[1]. It has been reported that thermal expansion

behavior of Zr2(WO4)(PO4)2 can be controlled by substituting Ti4+ or Mo6+. However, relative density of

samples are too low to use for materials and we need to ground excessive amount of MoO3 as raw material

to synthesis Zr2(W1-yMoyO4)(PO4)2 because of sublimation. In this study, Mo6+ was successfully substituted

in lower temperature and shorter sintering time with MgO which promote sintering of Zr2(WO4)(PO4)2[2].

Also, relative density of Zr2-xTix(WO4)(PO4)2 was improved and Zr2(W1-yMoyO4)(PO4)2 was sintered with

stoichiometric MoO3. Because sublimation of MoO3 was suppressed by adding MgO. Influence of adding

MgO for thermal expansion behavior and state of MgO was surveyed by SEM and EDS measurement.

Fig. 1 shows relationship with lattice volume and temperature of Zr2-xTix(WO4)(PO4)2 (x = 0.20)

with (a) 0wt% MgO and (b) 0.9wt% MgO. Both samples show negative thermal expansion and coefficients

of liner thermal expansion are = -2.24 ppm / K and = -2.25 ppm / K, respectively. Also, relative

density of these samples are (a) 54.9% and (b) 90.0%, respectively. These results mean that MgO doesn’t

affect thermal expansion, but only relative density. Coefficients of liner thermal expansion of Zr2(W1-

yMoyO4)(PO4)2 (y = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) are shown in Fig. 2. Mo6+ was substituted with stoichiometric

amount of MoO3 by adding MgO, all these samples were single phase in XRD patterns and coefficients of

liner thermal expansion approached zero with increasing of Mo6+.

Fig. 1 Lattice volume of Zr2-xTix(WO4)(PO4)2 (x = 0.20) with (a) 0wt% MgO, (b) 0.9wt% MgO as a function of temperature.

123



NAC 2019

Simple synthesis by using molten salt method and characterization of

SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 thermoelectric conversion material

R. Nagata1, A. Nakanishi1, T. Nishiura1, K. Murai2, T. Moriga2

1 Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University

2Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University


Thermoelectric materials have been attracted much attention for which can convert thermal

energy to electrical energy. Its efficiency was evaluated by the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = S2σT/κ,

where S, σ, T, and κ represent Seebeck coefficient, electric conductivity, temperature, and thermal

conductivity, respectively. In previous work, SrTi1-xCoxO3 (x = 0.05 — 0.20) was synthesized by using solid

state reaction method and SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 showed the highest relative density and electric conductivity.

However, it requires a lot of grinding and high temperature calcining by solid state method. In this study,

we attempted simple synthesis of SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 by the molten salt method and investigated the effects on

particle shape, size and efficiency by changing the kind of salt. We used KCl (Sample 2), NaCl (Sample 3),

and mixed salt with 1: 1 weight ratio of NaCl and KCl (Sample 4), which also synthesized a sample (Sample

1) using solid state reaction method under the same sintering process.

The XRD results show that all samples with using molten salt contain single phase before sintering

process. On the other hand, the sample with using solid state method included SrCO3 and TiO2 as starting

material. From these results, it was found that SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 obtained under comparatively mild conditions

by using the molten salt. The electric conductivity is found to be increased with temperature rise in all

samples. We think that this phenomenon is caused by the improvement of carrier mobility. Seebeck

coefficient increases with temperature rise. The total thermal conductivity decreases. The highest

dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, reaches 0.062 at 973 K. These results suggest that molten salt method

would be an effective way improving thermoelectric performance of SrTi0.8Co0.2O3.

0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

573 673 773 873 973

Fig

ure

of

mer

it,

ZT

Temperature, T (K)

Salt-Free KCl

NaCl KCl-NaCl

Fig. 2 ZT values of SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 samples after sintering at 1400°C, 5 h. Fig. 1 XRD patterns of SrTi0.8Co0.2O3 powder

samples before sintering at 1400°C, 5 h.

124



NAC 2019

Mechanism of Enhancing the Points of Discharge in the Liquid Phase Plasma

Synthesis System

Shang-Lin Wu, Jason H. C. Yang

Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, University of Feng Chia, Taiwan


Plasma discharge fabrication method have received considerable attention in recent years

due to its high reaction and high yield rate under simple experimental setup. Nonetheless, organic

solvent, acidic or basic solutions were used as dielectric media which lead to potential chemical

waste. Our previous work has demonstrated a chemical-free synthesis route via liquid phase pulsed

discharge plasma. In addition to the alternation of reactants weight, electrode spacing, duty cycle,

and pulse period, this work focuses on the influences of dual-point and multipoint patterned

electrodes on microplasma formation in the synthesis of CuO particles. Results have shown that

particle size and the degree of reactivity depends on parameters like the length of reacting copper,

duty cycle, pulse period, and the distance between electrodes. Multipoint patterned electrodes

affect the formation of microplasma that ultimately influence the productivity of CuO particles.

An optimal condition of 0.25, 100 μs, 2 mm and 15 cm for duty cycle, pulse period, copper wire

length and the distance between electrodes, respectively, have been reported in this study.

125



NAC 2019

Removal Characteristics of Shop-primer Paint by Laser Energy Density in Q-

switching Fiber Laser Cleaning

Ji-Eon Kim1, Moo-Keun Song2, Jong-Myoung Lee3, Jeong-Hoon Hyun4, Myoung-Soo Han4,

Jong-Do Kim5,†

1 Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

2 Laser Advanced Machining Support Center, Korea Maritime and Ocean University 3 IMT Co., Ltd.

4 Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd. 5 Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University


Mechanical surface cleaning has been previously used to remove contaminants such as

old paint, oxide layer and oil for pre-treatment of painting and weld joint. However, this method

is slow and inefficient and causes environmental pollution and worker’s safety problems. Recently,

laser cleaning is considered an eco-friendly technology for surface preparation before painting and

welding. Until now, there has been no study on the removal characteristics of shop-primer paint

using laser and the characteristics of laser cleaned surface. In this study, laser cleaning using Q-

switching fiber laser was applied to a specimen painted with the 15um thickness shop-primer paint

to study the removal characteristics of shop-primer paint according to laser energy density. In

addition, characteristics of laser cleaned surface were investigated through digital microscope,

surface roughness measurement, SEM and XRD analysis. The results showed that the removal

efficiency of the shop-primer paint and the characteristics of the laser cleaned surface vary

significantly depending on the laser energy density. Laser cleaning of metal materials is based on

quantum processing and thermal processing. This study confirmed that shop-primer paint can be

removed environmental friendly and efficiently.

126



NAC 2019

Metallic bipolar plates of impedance analysis in fuel cells

Chien-Ju Hung1, Chao-An Lin 2, Wei-Jen Chen3*

1 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 2 Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University 3 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology


In this study, the design of the metal bipolar plate flow channel of the fuel cell is designed

to study the compression area and pressure value of the contact with the Membrane Electrode

Assembly (MEA) during compression and the impedance of the stack. Therefore, the research

direction will be combined with the establishment of the parameterized finite element model. And

the actual design verification of the characteristic design and effective deformation of the metal

bipolar plate, as a modified design suggestion of the metal fuel cell stack for the compression

characteristics and the MEA contact impedance.

However, in order to control the optimized contact impedance, the single cell size

difference can be minimized or even the control design can be optimized to avoid the need for

additional complex designs to increase the clamping force and make the MEA and the metal bipolar.

The board contact impedance can be effectively reduced and it is the difficulty of current battery

stack fabrication.

In this study, the metal bipolar plate flow path and stack impedance of the fuel cell are

discussed, and the characteristic design of the metal bipolar plate and the actual operation

verification of the effective deformation amount are used as the compression characteristics of the

metal fuel cell stack and the MEA contact impedance. Improved design recommendations. It is

expected to improve the research and development capability of fuel cells and accelerate mass

production, so that fuel cells can enter mass production as soon as possible, and make effective

reference for subsequent practical applications and related researchers.

127



NAC 2019

Nanostructure formation of Preparation of WS2 nanoparticles using laser

ablation method and evaluation of optical properties

Kohei Sasaki, Pankaj Koinkar, Akihiro Furube*

Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science, Tokushima University, 2-1

Minamijosanjima cho, Tokushima 7708506, Japan

* [email protected]

Abstract:

Two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials composed of large number of extremely thin atomic layers

are becoming promising materials for novel optoelectronics devices. Recent extensive studies have

proven that 2D nanomaterials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as

molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), tungsten sulfide (WS2), and boron nitride (BN), have already gained

much attention because of their physical and chemical behavior. These 2D materials exhibit new

possibilities for the application in various fields such as photonics, energy conversion, optical

switching, sensors and optoelectronics. In the present work, nanoparticles were prepared using

laser ablation method to evaluate their optical and electrical properties. The synthesized WS2

nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron

microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis absorption spectra to study the morphological and structural

properties. From the SEM images and the TEM images, many WS2 particles having a smaller

particle size and a round shape at nanoscale were observed after laser ablation. The optical

absorbance of the UV-Vis spectrum shows the increases in absorbance band which confirms the

formation of nanostructures. Moreover, the field emission characteristics performed in a diode like

configuration demonstrate that the improvement in current density for laser ablated WS2

nanostructures which is attributed to the generation of WS2 nanostructures.

128



NAC 2019

Synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles-molybdenum disulfide

nanocomposite

Hiroto Yoshimoto, Pankaj Koinkar, Akihiro Furube*

Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Science,

Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan


Abstract:

A new class of nanomaterials called as layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) such

as MoS2 are attracting attention due to their unique layered two-dimensional structure and many

outstanding properties. MoS2 has been used as a material for hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts,

emerging electronic and optoelectronic devices, energy generation/storage devices, and

biotechnological applications. Noble metal-modified molybdenum disulfide has been widely

studied because the synergistic effect of noble metal and molybdenum disulfide may induce new

functions (such as improvement of conductivity).

Here, we report that MoS2 can be decorated with gold nanoparticles by a spontaneous redox

reaction with hexchloroauric acid in water. In this study, the morphology, crystal structures and

optical properties of the gold nanoparticles-MoS2 composite were characterized by femtosecond

transient absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron

microscopy, and UV-vis absorption spectra.

129



NAC 2019

Effects of Gold Nanoparticles on Photoinduced Damage of Stratum Corneum

by CW laser

Yuki Kawai, Shin-ichiro Yanagiya, and Akihiro Furube

Institute of Science and Technology, Tokushima University


Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) absorb visible light by localized surface plasmons resonance

(LSPR) and immediately generate heat, which has been attracting a lot of interests in photothermal

therapy. One of the applications of phototherapy is a laser therapy for skin because a skin is the

surface of human body and can be illuminated with visible light. In our previous studies, we

observed the morphology change and measured mechanical property of stratum corneum (SC, the

outermost part of skin) by optical microscopy interplayed with atomic force microscopy. In this

study, we studied the effects of AuNP on the photoinduced damage of SC. The AuNP of 40 nm in

diameter was prepared by a citrate reduction method. And the SC was obtained from upper arm of

human by tape stripping method and transferred onto a glass plate. Next, the SC was surrounded

by AuNP in air or water. The photoinduced damage was observed in-situ by optical microscopy.

The sample was placed on the staged of an inverted optical microscope (Olympus, IX-71) and

irradiated from below using CW laser of 532 nm through an objective lens (x40). When the

SC/AuNP in air was irradiated with the laser intensity of > 15 mW, the hole at the laser spot in SC

was observed. On the other hand, a micro bubble was generated at the laser spot of SC in water.

The bubble disappeared in 20 min after laser switching off. It was noted that the SC show no

microscopic change during bubble generation. Therefore, we concluded that the lower-power laser,

which has little effect on SC, heated up the AuNP and the surroundings.

130



NAC 2019

Optical properties of Titanium Dioxide Thin Film

Deposited on gold nanoparticles dispersion by sol-gel method

Masanori Higuchi, Shin-ichiro Yanagiya, and Akihiro Furube

Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University


Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an n-type semiconductor and a promising photocatalytic material,

which exhibits photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV). In earlier studies, TiO2 nanocrystals

were integrated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which enhanced the absorption of visible light

due to its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption. In this study, two-layer film of gold

nanoparticles and titanium dioxide was deposited sequentially onto a glass substrate. AuNPs of 25

nm in diameter were deposited on a silane-treated glass plate by wet process. Then TiO2 was

deposited on the substrate by sol-gel method. Optical properties were evaluated by a UV-Vis-NIR

spectrometer (V-770, JASCO). Reflectance and transmittance were measured in the range of 300-

800 nm. The extinction spectra of AuNP/TiO2, AuNP, and TiO2 films was calculated by taking the

sum of reflectance and transmittance from 100%. The lifetime of TiO2 conduction band electrons

was observed by femtosecond transient absorption measurement. The pump and probe

wavelengths were 400 and 750-900 nm, respectively. The power of pump laser was 2.0 mJ. While

the absorption spectrum of AuNP had a peak at 525 nm, SPR peak of TiO2/AuNP shifted to longer

wavelength. This is due to the high refractive index of titanium dioxide that surrounded the AuNPs.

The decay of the transient absorption intensity represents the process by which titanium dioxide

conduction band electrons return to AuNPs. We observed the behavior of titanium oxide

conduction band electrons at wavelengths outside the red-shifted plasmon band of the gold

nanoparticles.

131



NAC 2019

Preparation of anisotropic CdSe-P3HT core-shell architectures using

functionalized CdSe nanorods

Jaehan Jung1

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Sejongsi, South Korea


Conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn considerable attention as promising materials in the

field of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and sensors due to their advantages such as low-weight,

flexibility, and large area production. Semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit size- and

composition- dependent tunable optoelectronic properties, including band gap, emission, and

absorption range due to the quantum-confinement effect. In this regard, hybrid nanocomposites

composed of NCs and CPs have garnered considerable attention due to their complementary merits.

Especially, one dimensional NCs/CPs core/shell architecture is a promising building block for the

use in a wide range of optoelectronic devices owing to its peculiar properties.

In this study, the simple yet robust synthetic strategy toward organic-inorganic

nanocomposites was developed by capitalizing on robust click coupling between functionalized

nanocrystals and conjugated polymers. Specifically, the functionalized NRs were directly

synthesized dispensing with surface engineering of NCs such as ligand exchange by employing

bifunctional ligand (i.e., 4-bromomethyl benzoic acid) at the NR synthesis stage. The direct growth

conditions toward bromine-functionalized CdSe nanorods (NRs) were scrutinized by precisely

tailoring the ratio between 4-bromomehtyl benzoic acid and aliphatic ligands. Finally, ethynyl-

terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were grafted onto functionalized NR surface via click

chemistry, forming intimately contact P3HT-CdSe NR nanocomposites. Transmission electron

microscope measurement revealed that CPs render the effective dispersion of NRs in the CP

matrices. The success of grafting between CPs and NCs was substantiated by Fourier transform

infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The optical properties of

P3HT-CdSe NR nanocomposites were explored with absorption and photoluminescence studies.

132



NAC 2019

A Study on adhesion property of damped aluminum laminate for automotive

components

Sung-Youl Bae1, Hyung-Chan Cho1, O-Soon Ahn2, Gi-Man Bae3, Yun-Hae Kim4+

1 Composites Team, Korea Textile Machinery Convergence Research Institute, Korea

2 R&D Center, Haewon MSC, Korea 3 R&D Center, Iljitech, Korea

4 Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and

Ocean University, Korea


Damped aluminum laminate panels have been studied for application to automotive materials

because of its lightweight, low vibration and low noise characteristics compared to conventional

automotive steel materials. In this study, the optimal design specifications and bonding

characteristics of aluminum bonded panels were investigated to apply them on automotive parts.

T-peel tests of variety kinds of laminate specimens were carried out at room temperature and high

temperature. In addition, finite element simulation models were developed and compared with the

test results. In this study, the optimal design specification of hybrid panel for automotive materials

is derived. Also, simulation results showed that it is possible to predict the adhesion characteristics

by comparing the FEA results with the test results.

133



NAC 2019

Study on the Difference of Heat Input during Laser Surface Heat-Treatment

for Press Die Cast Iron and Plastic Mold Steel

Moo-Keun Song1, Jong-Do Kim2,†

1 Laser Advanced Machining Support Center, Korea Maritime and Ocean University

2 Division of Marine Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University


The mold material is selectively used in accordance with the characteristics of the use and

the process of the mold for manufacturing the product. A press die for manufacturing an

automobile body is made of cast iron which is easy to machine work and has a wide range of

strength and hardness. In addition, a plastic mold that a produce plastic product inside automobile

doors uses steel materials that have excellent strength and heat treatment characteristics. These

molds require improved wear resistance due to process characteristics, and thus various surface

heat treatment methods are proposed.

In this study, surface heat treatment of mold materials was performed using high power

laser heat source, and the surface hardening characteristics were investigated. Particularly, since

each of the mold materials is different, the heat input for surface hardening of each material is

compared. Laser surface heat treatment is a hardening method in which the surface is heated by a

high-density energy and self-quenched by rapid cooling, so that the heat input during the laser heat

treatment is important. As a result, there was a difference in heat input between the mold materials

on the laser surface heat treatment, and it was found that the die cast iron had a higher thermal

conductivity than the mold steel, resulting in a larger heat input during the heat treatment.

134



NAC 2019

ZIF-67 derivatives as the bifunctional electrocatalyst for

rechargeable zinc-air battery

Kuei-Yuan Chen1, Min-Hsin Yeh1*

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

(Taiwan Tech), Taipei 10607, Taiwan


As a promising technology of energy storage, electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries have

gained significant attention in the past few years since its desirable features of high theoretical

energy density (1086 W h kg-1), low cost, great safety and environmental friendliness. For realizing

the demand of rechargeability of Zn-air battery, bifunctional electrocatalysts are desirable for the

cathodic material since the duality of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution

reaction (OER) on the same electrode under charging and discharging states are required,

respectively. One of strategies for realizing the bifunctional electrocatalysts is physical mixed two

independent materials with ORR and OER activity, such as Pt/C+IrO2. To further improving the

electrocatalytic activity of bifunctional electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolytes. A cost-efficient and

stable oxygen conversion electrocatalyst is essential for improving energy storage and conversion

efficiencies. Herein, we design a ZIF-67 derived with yolk-shell structure of CoS nanocube and

NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo LDH) for electrocatalyzing ORR and OER, respectively.

ZIF-67 was selected as the precursor due to the high specific surface area (1845 m2/g) and well-

defined pore size distributions (~1.3 nm). Our preliminary result revealed that ZIF-67 derived

NiCo LDH exhibited promising electrocatalytic activity for OER with onset potential (@current

density = 10 mA/cm2) of 1.66 V (vs. RHE) in 1 M KOH, which is quite close to the commercial

electrocatalyst of RuO2. To further realize the bifunctional ZIF-67 derived electrocatalysts for

further catalyzing ORR, CoS nanocube will be synthesized by residual ZIF-67 via additional

sulfurization.

135



NAC 2019

Geometrical scale dependency of thin film solid oxide fuel cells

Jianhuang Zeng1, Ikwhang Chang2

1South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, TianHe District, Guangzhou 510640,

People’s Republic of China 2Department of Automotive Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan,

Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.


To the study the geometrical scale dependency of thin film solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), we

fabricated three thin films SOFCs which have the same cross-sectional structure but different

electrode areas of 1, 4 and 9 mm2. Since the activation and ohmic losses of SOFCs depend on

their active region, we examined the variations of the power density of the cells with a Pt

(anode)/sputtered YSZ/Pt (cathode) structure and simulated the power density variations using the

COMSOL software package. We found that a cathode electrode with a low aspect ratio may suffer

from high ohmic and activation losses due to the geometrical scale dependency.

136



NAC 2019

Optimization of Operation Efficiency for e-Drive System

using WFSM for Electric Vehicle

Ho-Chang Jung1*, Soo-Jeong Park2

1 Advanced Power System R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Korea

2Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea Maritime and

Ocean University, Korea


In order to cope with the possibility of fluctuation for rare earth permanent magnet price,

there is an increasing need to develop an e-drive system for EV (Electric Vehicle) that does not use

rare earth. In addition, e-drive system using WFSM (Wound Field Synchronous Motor) that does

not use rare earth permanent magnet is attracting attention as an alternative.

In this paper, optimization of energy efficiency for EV is performed by using SIL (Software

In the Loop) and HIL (Hardware In the Loop) simulation technology for WFSM based e-drive

system. By applying the various current and efficiency map obtained from the mapping experiment

to the vehicle simulation, the optimal current and efficiency map combination which maximizes

the energy consumption efficiency for EV was obtained.

137



NAC 2019

High voltage (> 4V) supercapacitor with ionic liquid gel electrolyte for

applications in extreme conditions

Chao-Yuan Cheng1, Shi-Kai Jiang1, Ya-Ching Hsu1, Chen-Jui Huang1, Wu-Ching Hung2, Chia-

Nan Shih2, Bing-Joe Hwang1*, Min-Hsin Yeh1*

1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,

Taipei 10607, Taiwan 2 Chemical System Research Division, National Chung-Shan Institute of Science & Technology

E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]

In recent years, supercapacitors (SCs) with ultrafast charging period and reliable

cycling times have been applied to different perspectives including energy storage,

transportation, wearable electronics and so on. For further increasing the energy density SCs

for versatile applications, one of the effective strategies is increasing the operating voltage (> 4V)

of SCs by incorporating with ionic liquid based electrolytes. Besides, ionic liquid has several

advantages such as low vapor pressure, non-flammability, thermal stability, low toxicity, and large

electrochemical potential window. Considering the wide of operating voltage, the stability of SCs

under extreme conditions (such as high temperature and high impacting) is very critical. Therefore,

developing a new electrolyte in SCs for further achieving the promising resistant to high

temperatures and high impacting is in great demand. Herein, we demonstrate an ionic liquid gel

electrolyte, consisting of ionic liquid and poly(ethyl oxide), resulting in excellent thermal stability

and high impact resistance allowing SCs performed under extreme conditions.

Reference:

1. Borges, et al., Sci Rep, 2013, 3, 2572.

2. Westover, et al., Nano Lett, 2014, 14, 3197.

138




NAC 2019

The Effect of Spraying Distance and Spraying Pressure on The Twin Wire Arc

Spray ( TWAS) Coating for Pump Impeller From Stainless Steel 304

D.F. Fitriyana1, W. Caesarendra2,3, S. Nugroho2, D.H. Haryadi2, M.A. Herawan2, M. Rizal2, R.

Ismail2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Semarang State University

Sekaran, Gn. Pati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University


BE1410, Brunei Darussalam


Twin Wire Arc Spray Coating (TWAS) thermal spraying technique has been widely adopted

in many industries due to its flexibility, and cost effectiveness in producing superior coating quality.

The demand of high-technology industries and the availability of new advanced materials have

generated major advances in this field. The TWAS thermal spray process has been utilised in many

industries for coating on components to environment effect protection, decelerate wear, prevent

corrosion, avoid over heat and also to remanufacture the worn component by additive process i.e.

thermal spray to meet the dimension specification requirement. This paper presents the

development of the TWAS thermal spray process as processing and manufacturing technology for

pump impeller coating from stainless steel 304. In this research, Iron-Chrome based metal coating

is used to increase the lifetime and durability of pump impeller from stainless steel 304. The

addition of nickel in the process is carried out to improve adhesive properties. The experiments to

assess the coatings properties involved the combinations of NiAl and FeCrBSiMn on stainless

steel 304 substrates. Investigations were carried out on the effect of spraying distance (100mm,

200mm, 300mm, 400mm) and spraying pressure (3 bar, 4 bar, 5 bar) on coating properties

including sprayed coating thickness, hardness, wear resistance and bond strength (adhesive

coating). The result shows that the coating thickness tended to increased with increasing spraying

distance and spraying pressure. In addition, the result reveals that there is a significant correlations

between the coating thickness, hardness, wear resistance, bonding strength (adhesive coating) in

coatings.

Keywords: TWAS, wear resistance, adhesive coating, pump impeller, processing and

manufacturing technology, durability and environment effect

139



NAC 2019

Tri-layered Conductive Films Based on CNTs and AgNWs with High

Stretchability and Insignificant Piezoresistivity

Li-Cheng Jheng1, Chi-Hui Hsiao2, Steve Lien-Chung Hsu2

1 Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science

and Technology 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University


Conductive films with tri-layer sandwich structures based on CNTs and AgNWs,

exhibiting high stretchability along with insignificant piezoresistivity were successfully fabricated

and study in this work. The fabrication of their stretchable interconnect samples involved

successive vacuum filtration, encapsulation in silicone rubber, and wiring procedures. The

comparative results presented that the tri-layer conductive film CNT-AgNW-CNT exhibited

superior stretchability (> 250%) along with more stable electrical resistance as well as better

reliability upon stretching, compared to AgNW-CNT-AgNW. The relative resistance (R/Ro) of the

CNT-AgNW-CNT was respectively found to be 3.01 at a strain of 0% as well as 5.37 at a strain of

160%, revealing that its piezoresistivity was not significant. On the other hand, the surface

modification of AgNWs reacted with benzyl mercaptan, providing strong interactions between

AgNW and CNT layers, was found beneficial for further enhancing the durability of withstanding

repetitive deformations of the tri-layer conductive film. The SEM observations confirmed the tiny

wavy structure on the uneven surface would allow the conductive film to accommodate the strain

during mechanical deformations. In both cyclic stretching and bending tests, the CNT-sAgNW-

CNT was found exceptionally stable and reliable with almost no change in relative electrical

resistance (R/Ro~1.05) even until 10000 times stretching between 0% and 60% strain. The strong

interfacial interactions between sAgNWs and CNTs layers along with their entanglements would

prevent the detachment of AgNWs with each other, allowing the conductive percolation networks

of CNT-sAgNW-CNT to recover intact after being stretched. Also, we supposed that the good

compatibility between CNT outer layers and silicone rubber bring about facilitating effect on the

reliability of electrical properties.

140



NAC 2019

Facile synthesis of SiO2/cobalt-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) as an efficient

photocatalyst for hydrogen production

Chiao-Chen Hsu, Hairus Abdullah, Noto Susanto Gultom and Dong-Hau Kuo

Department of Materials Science and Engineering,

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei,106, Taiwan


Renewable and sustainable non-carbon energy source is the solution to replace traditional

fossil fuels that generate CO2 as the main product during energy conversion process. One of the

promising clean energy sources is hydrogen which can be converted from sunlight energy and

stored as an energy carrier for future use. In this work, hydrogen was photo-catalytically evolved

with SiO2/Co-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) nanocomposites (NCs) in 10% ethanol. The Co-doped

(Zn,Ni)(O,S) contents on 500 mg SiO2 were varied at 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mmol. Synthesis process of

SiO2/Co-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) NCs was conducted at 95 for 4 h in aqueous solution. The as-

prepared catalysts with different Co-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) amounts were examined with XRD

diffractometer, FE-SEM, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The best hydrogen

production rate was achieved by utilizing 1.5 mmol Co-doped (ZnNi)(O,S) NCs. After

photocatalytic reaction for 5 h, hydrogen could be evolved with a rate of 27,19mmol/g∙h in a 10%

(v/v) ethanol/water solution. The photocatalytic mechanism with an appropriate discussion is

presented to elucidate the hydrogen evolution reaction on SiO2/Co-doped (Zn,Ni)(O,S) NCs.

Keywords: Hydrogen, Photocatalyst, Nanomaterials, Nanocomposites

141



NAC 2019

Development of automated lay-up robot system for jointing process of GRP

pipes of 1,800 mm to 3,700 mm diameter

Jae-Youl Lee1, Gi-Su Lee2, Sung-Youl Bae3, Kwang-Bok Shin4+

1 Manufacturing Robotics R&D Division, Korea Institute of Robot & Convergence, Korea

2 I&E Const. Tech. Support Group, Samsung Engineering, Korea 3 Composites Team, Korea Textile Machinery Convergence Research Institute, Korea

4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Korea


In this study, an automated lay-up robot system for the jointing process of GRP pipes of 1,800

mm to 3,700 mm diameter, which is applied to chemical plants and semiconductor plants, was

developed. In the existing jointing process of GFRP pipes, many workers should overlay glass

fiber mat in the pipes, which resulted in a lot of labor cost expenses and safety problems of workers.

The development of automated laying robot system composed of the glass fiber bobbin,

compaction roller, cutting module, resin spray module and heating module has been completed. It

was confirmed that the quality of manufactured specimens by the automated system equal to or

higher than that of hand lay-up process.

142



NAC 2019

Preparation of Cobalt Carbide CoxC (x=2, 3) Nanoparticles for Hydrogen

Evolution Reaction

*Sheng-Chang Wang1, Yi-Heng Lin2, Po-Chia Huang2,Jow-Lay Huang234.

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and

Technology, Tainan-701, Taiwan 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan-

701, Taiwan 3Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan

70101, Taiwan (R.O.C) 4Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung

University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan


Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy without greenhouse gas emissions. Since the

transition metal carbides (TMCs) exhibited similarly electronic properties with noble metal (e.g.,

platinum), they are considered to be sustainable alternatives to noble metals in catalysis. Among

the TMCs, CoxC (x=2,3) nanoparticles (NPs) can act as an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen

evolution reaction (HER) by water splitting. Here, we report wet chemistry methods to synthesize

CoxC NPs. With cobalt acetate, triethylene glycol (TEG) and sodium hydroxide we get Co3C

nanocomposites. With cobalt acetate, triethylene glycol (TEG) and oleylamine (OAm) we get

Co2C NPs.The Co3C nanocomposites performed a -0.33V onset potential 91mV/dec tafel slope,

while the Co2C NPs displayed a better performance of -0.27V and 60mV/dec respectively.

143



NAC 2019

Electrospun Polyaniline/Polyacrylonitrile (PANI/PAN) Composite Nanofibers

for Detection of Volatile Organic Gases

Snehal Kargirwar Brahme1#, Subhash B. Kondawar2*

1Department of Chemistry, SIES Graduate School of Technology, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India

2Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India #Presenter Author Email: [email protected]


Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) coated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were prepared

by electrospinning and in-situ polymerization. PANI/PAN composite

nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for their morphology and

chemical structure. SEM images show that PANI was homogeneously and

uniformly polymerized as the shell layer on the surface of PAN nanofibers.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra reveal the characteristic peaks

indicating the presence of quinoid and benzenoid rings of PANI confirming the

formation of PANI/PAN composite. The effect of different concentrations of

volatile organic gases of methanol and acetone on the response of PANI/PAN

composite nanofibers based sensor at room temperature was investigated. The

sensitivity of PANI/PAN composite nanofibers was found to be increased with

increase in the concentration of methanol and acetone. The semiconducting

behavior of PANI/PAN composite nanofibers was found to be highly sensitive

for volatile organic gases of methanol and acetone at room temperature

suggesting the PANI/PAN composite nanofibers as potential material for

effective gas sensing in the environmental monitoring safety systems, chemical

industry, automotive industry and medical application areas.

Keywords: Electrospinning, Gas sensing, Nanofibers, Polyacrylonitrile, Polyaniline

144




NAC 2019

Aging effects on the network structure of agarose gels

Faith Bernadette Descallar, Shingo Matsukawa

Department of Food Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and

Technology, Tokyo, Japan


Agarose is a linear and sulfate-free polysaccharide extracted from red

seaweeds. It is widely used in food and separation technologies due to its gelling

properties. At high temperature, agarose chains appear to be in random coil

conformation and, with cooling, coils reorder to form helices and subsequently

aggregate to form a gel network. The formation of thick bundles leads to the thinning

of polymer chains among the bundles which results in a decrease in the local viscosity,

which in turn markedly affects the molecular diffusion in gels. Agarose gel also show

considerable change of the physical properties during storage which is considered to

come from the change of the network structure.

NMR techniques provide information about the mobility of molecules in gel.

In this research, the pulsed-field-gradient stimulated spin-echo (PGSTE) 1H NMR

method was used to elucidate the aging behavior of agarose in different storage

conditions. The diffusion of the probe polymer in the gel relays information about the

local environment of interspaces in the gel network. Pullulan, a maltotriose trimer, was

used as a probe molecule in the agarose gel. Electrophoresis experiments were carried

out and the change in the electrophoretic mobility of DNA bands with increasing

storage time was also measured.

NMR diffusion experiment revealed that the diffusion coefficient of the

pullulan (Dpull) increased with increasing storage time. This could be related to the

formation of thicker bundles of agarose aggregates leaving larger spaces for the pullulan

to diffuse faster in the gel (Figure 1). The hydrodynamic mesh size (ξ) of the network

was calculated from Dpull/Dpull,0 = exp (-Rh/ξ), where Dpull,0 is the diffusion coefficient

of pullulan in pure solvent and Rh is the hydrodynamic radius of pullulan. The ξ shed

light on the change in the microscopic environment of the agarose gel during storage.

The same behavior was observed from the gel electrophoresis experiment using a 20bp

DNA Ladder. The electrophoretic mobility (μ) of DNA bands were calculated from μ =

d/t E where d is the migration distance, t is the time the field was applied, and E is the

electric field. Results showed an increase in the DNA’s electrophoretic mobility with

increased storage time which also suggest structural network changes in agarose.

Keywords: Agarose, Aging, Gradient NMR, Electrophoresis, Polymer Gels, Polymer

Materials

145



NAC 2019

Preparation and characterization of the nanocellulose/polyurethane

films.

Chiu-Chun Lai1, Shih-Pei Yun2,Guan-Yu Chu 3

1 Department of Textile Engineering, University of Chinese Culture University, Taipei

11114, Taiwan 2 Department of Textile Engineering, University of Chinese Culture University, Taipei

11114, Taiwan 3 Graduate Institue of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chinese

Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan


In this research, we make the nano-cellulose (NC) using acid hydrolysis and

TEMPO method from bacterial cellulose and was dispersed in water and incorporated

into polyurethane (PU) resin and prepared the composed film and characterized by

SEM, FT-IR, tensile test and TGA analyses. Through the surfactant and dispersion

stabilization technology to solve the problem that nano-cellulose is easy to aggregate

and difficult to disperse, to expand its application in the preparation of water-based

polyurethane resin. The nano-cellulose is introduced into the polyurethane resin by

physical means to increase the physical and chemical properties of the aqueous

polyurethane.

Firstly, the morphological properties of nano-cellulose, measured by

scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images, were investigated and the FT-IR, tensile

test and thermal properties were measured. The results indicated morphological

properties in using different preparation method for the nano-cellulose were different.

The morphological nano-cellulose prepared by the acid hydrolysis method is a short

rod; the TEMPO method is a filament.

The nanocomposites presented a non-crystalline character, the thermal

stability increases with the increasing amount of nano-cellulose and higher water

absorption when compared to pure PU film. And the PU film with acid hydrolysis

method nano-cellulose presented a decrease in exhibits increased strength and

decreased elongation. On the other hand, the tensile of PU film using the TEMPO

method nano-cellulose exhibits the opposite property.

146



NAC 2019

Electrospun poly(lactic acid) fibers by using esters as the solvent

Ying-Fang Chao, Chao-Ching Chang

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University


Electrospinning is an effective technique for the manufacture of polymer

micro- and nanofibers. The obtained fiber mats have high specific area and uniform

pores. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer. PLA fibers have been used

in high performance air filtration (HEPA) and other filtration products. In the literature,

the general solvents, such as dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform, and

dimethylformamide (DMF), to dissolve PLA are harmful and not environmentally

friendly. Therefore, it is necessary to consider seriously the solvent used for PLA fibers

spinning. In this study, we compared methyl acetate with ethyl acetate to see which

solvent was more suitable to prepare PLA fibers by electrospinning. An amorphous

PLA (8300D) was used, and the solutions were heated at 60 °C under stirring for 3 days

and allowed to cool to room temperature. The results showed that PLA dissolved in

methyl acetate or ethyl acetate with a low concentration (< 18 wt%) cannot be

electrospun to form complete fibers. Controlling the solution concentration (18 wt% in

methyl acetate) and electrospinning parameters, complete PLA fibers with an average

diameter of 7.9±0.2 μm were obtained. The electrospun PLA mats were hydrophobic

with a contact angle of 130° and showed good water resistance.

Keywords: electrospinning, poly (lactic acid), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate,

microfibers, environmentally friendly.

147



NAC 2019

Synthesis and properties of low-crystallinity nylon 6 with high

transparency and low hygroscopicity Containing adipic acid and

isophthalic acid

Chiu-Chun Lai1, Bo-Sien Yu2, Hao-Wen Lo 3

1 Department of Textile Engineering, University of Chinese Culture University, Taipei

11114, Taiwan 2 Graduate Institue of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Chinese

Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan 3 Department of Textile Engineering, University of Chinese Culture University, Taipei

11114, Taiwan


In the first part of this research, a series of amorphous nylons 6 were prepared by

introducing adipic acid (A) and different structure amines into the copolymerization with

caprolactam. The second part is to prepare different copolymerization ratios of amorphous

nylon 6 by caprolactam introducing Isophthalic acid (IPA) and Isophorondiamine (IDPA). The

effects including thermal properties, crystallinity, dynamic mechanical properties, optical

properties, and water absorption of different copolymerization structure and copolymerization

ratio on the properties of nylon 6 were investigated.

The results show that the melting point and thermal cracking temperature Td5 of nylon

6 are respectively between 179 ° C and 217 ° C and 278 ° C to 336 ° C. Nylon 6 structure

introducing a methyl side chain is more effects than a meta-benzene ring, a meta-cycloalkyl,

and bicycloalkyl groups, so CAMM (synthesized by Caprolactam(C), Adipic acid (A), and 4,4'-

Methylenebis(2-methylcyclohexylamine) (MMCA)) and CAI (synthesized by Caprolactam(C),

Adipic acid (A), and Isophorondiamine (IDPA)) have the lowest crystallinity. As the CII

(synthesized by Caprolactam(C), Isophthalic acid (IPA), and Isophorondiamine (IDPA)) series

of nylon 6 copolymerization ratio increases, the thermal properties such as melting point,

enthalpy, and crystallinity decrease, so that the 10% copolymerization ratio has lowest

crystallinity. The amines containing a meta-cycloalkyl group CAC(synthesized by

Caprolactam(C), Adipic acid (A), and 1,3-Cyclohexanebis(methylamine) (CHMA)) has a

higher loss modulus than CAX (synthesized by Caprolactam(C), Adipic acid (A), and

Xylylenediamine(XDA))containing a meta-benzene ring. As the CII copolymerization ratio

increases, the crystallinity decreases, lead the loss modulus increase. The introduction of nylon

6 with bicycloalkyl groups, CAMM and CAM (synthesized by Caprolactam(C), Adipic acid

(A), and 4,4'-Methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (MCA)) can greatly improve transparency and

has better transparency than mono-cycloalkane and meta-benzene rings. CII series of nylon 6

has the best optical properties at 10% copolymerization. Nylon 6 structure containing

bicycloalkyl CAM and CAMM have a lower water absorption. CII series of nylon 6 also has

the lowest water absorption at 10% copolymerization.

148



NAC 2019

Manufacturing and Properties of Sandwich Composite with Weft

Knitting Fabric Core

Jieng-Chiang Chen1*, Yi-Fang Zhuang

1Department of Product Design, Vanung University, Chungli Dist. Taoyuan City

32061, Taiwan, R.O.C.


The manufacturing technique of sandwich composites containing weft knitting

glass fabric (WG) as a core layer with glass or carbon fabrics skin layers are discussed

herein. The core layer of the sandwich composite was fabricated with WG-reinforced

epoxy (E) resin or PU foam (F). The core layer was then stacked with carbon fabric on

the top and bottom surfaces to fabricate the sandwich composites. Two composites

[carbon plain fabric sandwich composite with WG as a core layer (C/E/WG) and carbon

plain fabric sandwich composite with F as a core layer (C/E/F)] were developed in this

study. The weft knitting glass fabric is a rib construction and the epoxy in a room

temperature cure. Figure 1 shows the images of

PU foam (a), weft knitting glass fabric (b), WG impregnate with epoxy (c), carbon plain

fabric/PU foam sandwich composite (d), and carbon plain fabric /WG sandwich

composite. The tensile, compressive, and bending properties of these sandwich

composites were measured according to ASTM standard on a materials test system

(MTS 810). The C/E/WG sandwich composite shows higher strength and modulus than

that of C/E/F sandwich composite in tension and compression. And the C/E/WG

sandwich composite has less deflection while bending.

(a) PU foam

(b) WG

(c)WG/E

(d) C/E/F

(e) C/E/WG

Figure 1 Image of F, WG, WG/E, C/E/F, and C/E/WG sandwich composites.

149



NAC 2019

Nano-Pb decorated on Active Carbon by wet -chemical dipping

method

Jing-Xiu Lin 1, Jin-Lin Chou 2,Yi-Ren Tzeng3,Shu-Huei Hsieh*4

1 University of National Formosa University, Jing-Xiu Lin 2 University of National Formosa University, Jin-Lin Chou

3 Department of Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, AEC, Yi-Ren Tzeng 4 University of Formosa University, Shu-Huei Hsieh


Energy storage plays a key role in power management and promoting broader use

of renewable energy. The Electrochemical battery owns quick charge/discharge ability

and high storage capacity, which is used to store electric power. But the electrode

decayed with charge/discharge cycle increasing that leads to the battery low cycle life.

Lead Acid Batteries own safe, stable and recycle used. etc. merits, but the cycle

life is low through numerous charges/discharges due to coarse Pb- Sulfate crystals full-

on negative electrode. To inhibit sulfation carbon materials are added into active

materials pasted on the electrode grid. Unfortunately Lead and Carbon can‘t combine

together, the paste/grid contact adhesion is weak and results in high internal resistance.

This study makes carbon materials oxidation by modified Hummers and Offeman

method, then Pb ions adsorbed by wet-chemical dipping method. We hope Pb decorated

on Carbon materials could enhance the paste/grid contacts, form chemical bonding and

high conduct ohmic contact. The pre-experimental results reveal that Active carbons

have sharp edges in SEM observation as Fig. 1(a) and after wet -chemical dipping

changes to be smooth, and there are a layer covers onto the surface as Fig.1(b). And

EDS analysis confirms the layer contains Pb. Further electrochemical tests will be done

to check our ideal if true, soon.

Fig1. SEM morphology of Active Carbons (a) and Pb decoreated Active Carbons (b).

Keyword:nano Pb, Active Carbon, Pb/C composite, Nanocomposite, Energy

b a

150



NAC 2019

A Coating containing Polyacrylate Copolymer with dispersing

Nano Zirconium Dioxide

Hou-Hsein Chu1 , Jia-Dai Zhao1, Bei-Huw Shen2, Cheng-Ching Lee2, Chan-Lun Lee2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University

2 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology,Taichung 407, Taiwan.


In this study, nano zirconia was dispersed in an acrylic copolymer to

investigate changes in transmittance, refractive index, and physical properties with

possible composition variation. In this study, zirconium (IV) carbonate, basic hydrate

was used as a source of zirconium dioxide. The size of the nano zirconia particles is

controlled by adjusting the ratio of zirconium dioxide, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and

water in the reaction. Then ion exchange with an aqueous solution of ammonium

bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) was carried out to reduce the content of Na ions on the surface

of the zirconium dioxide, and recovery of washed solids was conducted by

centrifugation. The surface modification was performed by adding acetic acid

(CH3COOH) to the precipitate, and excess acetic acid was washed away with isopropyl

alcohol (C3H7OH), then the washed solids was recovered by centrifugation. Dissolved

acetic acid modified zirconium dioxide in ethyl acetate (EA), and reacted with 3-

(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS), and the zirconium dioxide-MPS was

then precipitated with n-hexane, and the washed solids were recovered by

centrifugation. The modified nano zirconia particles were dried in a vacuum oven at

60 °C. It was stored in powder form. The powder can be dispersed in polyacrylate

solution, and ready for coating. The polyacrylate solution was prepared by a differential

solution polymerization process, using a mixture of acrylates and free-radical initiator.

The mechanical properties of the coating film will be analyzed by pencil hardness test,

impact test, tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy. This study is to prepare nano

zirconia-polyacrylate coating with high reflective index and sustainable mechanical

properties. The preparation method is feasible for a large scale production.

151



NAC 2019

Effect of electrolyte to carrier dynamics in hematite photoanode

Yutaro Maki1, Masahiro Okazaki1, Akihiro Furube1*, and Liang-Yih Chen2

1Department of Optical Science, Tokushima University

2Nano-optoelectronic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering,

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

* [email protected]

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) absorbs in the visible range due to bandgap of 2.1 eV, is therefore

one of the most suitable n-type semiconductor materials for solar water splitting.

However, due to slow oxidation rate, short hole diffusion length, and poor charge

transport, charge recombination rate is high. Hematite needs band-bending to achieve

efficient carrier separation. In this study, carrier recombination mechanism was

revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy, focusing on band-bending at an

electrode-electrolyte interface. Electrode was composed of nano-structure film of

hematite or hematite doping Ti (Ti:α-Fe2O3. Electrolytes used were LiPF4 in propylene

carbonate, NaOH aqueous solution, and NH4OH aqueous solution. We have examined

the effect of Li ions and pH on the charge recombination process by femtosecond

transient absorption spectroscopy. The electrodes were pumped by 400 nm wavelength

laser pulses and transient absorption decay up to 100 ps was measured in the visible

probe wavelength range. It was fount that Li ions promoted charge recombination

compared with the decay of the same sample placed in air. Furthermore, the decay

acceleration was found to occur in earlier time scale for α-Fe2O3 than Ti: α-Fe2O3. We

speculate that Li ion penetrated deeper into the bulk part of α-Fe2O3 than Ti: α-Fe2O3.

In aqueous solution, pH effect was observed and the mechanism could be analyzed in

terms of pH dependent band-bending at the interface of hematite and electrolyte.

Keywords: Hematite, photo-anode, transient absorption, water splitting.

152



NAC 2019

Enhance the performance of inverted organic solar cells with a

commercially available dispersant as an interface modification layer

Yang-Yen Yu*, , Wei-Chen Chien，Ching Tseng and Chih-Ping Chen*

Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New

Taipei City 243, Taiwan

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

In this study, three commercially available dispersants with alcohol and amine

functional groups were selected as the interfacial modification layer for the application

on the inverted organic solar cells. By improving the energy level matching, the electron

transport and extraction can significantly improve and thus increase the efficiency of

organic solar cells. The results show that the surface layer energy, surface topography,

work function have a obvious influence on the layer morphology of active layer, which

changes the degree of electron extraction in the cathode. This layer modification can

reduce the charge recombination on the interface of electron transport layer and the

improvement in FF and cell performance are also observed. By using ZnO as the

electron transport layer, the efficiency of the organic solar cell with and without

modification is 9.32% and 8.31%, respectively. Under the best preparing conditions,

the cell exhibits a best performance with an FF of 0.72 and efficiency of 9.48%. This

study provides a promising method for optimizing the performance of organic solar

cells.

Keyword: inverted organic solar cells、energy、polymer materials、interface layer

153



NAC 2019

Synthesis and characterization of core-shell structured PANDB/PP

conductive composites

Cheng-Ho Chen*, Yin-Lung Liou

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University,

Tainan City, Taiwan


Synthesis of PANDB/PP masterbatch conductive composites by an in-situ

polymerization was studied in the study. The first part was to investigate the effect of

reaction time and temperature on the conductivity of PANDB/PP masterbatch

composites. The PP particle was covered with PANDB shell. The non-polar group of

DBSA was adsorbed on the surface of the PP particle, while the polar group was formed

complex with the aniline monomer. Ammonium peroxodisulfate was used as initiator

to synthesize core-shell conductive PANDB/PP masterbatch composites. The results

showed that the electrical conductivity of the PANDB/PP masterbatch composite

increased as the reaction time. FE-SEM images showed the morphology of pure

PANDB was stacked columnar into a sheet. Moreover, for PANDB/PP composite, it

showed that the stacked column PANDB was interwoven on the surface of PP particles.

The TEM images showed the synthesized PANDB/PP was core-shell structures. UV-

Vis curve showed the two absorption peaks at 330nm and 430nm were merged into a

peak, under better doping. STA analysis showed the core-shell structured PANDB/PP

did have a significant effect on thermal decomposition temperature of PP particles. In

addition to, the conductive PANDB/PP masterbatch composite was blended with pure

PP in a weight ratio of 1:1, and then added various amounts of compatiblizer, i.e. DBSA.

The tensile tests showed the nature of pure PP was flexible, but became hard and brittle

after adding PANDB. By adding compatibilizer, the compatibility between PANDB and

PP can be improved. The PANDB/PP conductive composite can be used as anti-static,

electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials.

Keywords: Polyaniline 、 Polypropylene 、 in-situ polymerization 、 dodecylbenzene

sulfonic acid.

154



NAC 2019

Recycled Coffee Gunny Reinforced High Density Polyethylene

Composites

Yeng-Fong Shih, Venkata Krishna Kotharangannagari, Zhong-Zhe Lai and Ruo-Mei

Chen

Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, No. 168,

Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

In this study, fiber recycling from coffee gunny was used to reinforce high density

polyethylene (HDPE). Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was added as a

compatibilizer. Moreover, the fiber was chemically treated to enhance the compatibility

between fiber and HDPE matrix. A series of fiber reinforced composites were prepared

in order to understand the effect of MAPE / HDPE ratio and chemically modified fiber

on the mechanical properties and thermal properties of HDPE. The heat deflection

temperature, tensile and impact test results of HDPE/MAPE composites showed

improved properties with weight ratio of 95:5. By keeping this ratio constant, various

modified and unmodified coffee gunny fiber reinforced HDPE/MAPP composites were

prepared. The studies of thermal and mechanical properties of composites revealed that

the increments of heat deflection temperature, tensile strength and impact strength of

HDPE were 16°C, 19.64% and 43.63% by the addition of modified coffee gunny fiber,

respectively. It can be seen from the results that the HDPE was reinforced with a coffee

gunny fiber, which has good effects regardless of mechanical properties or thermal

properties, and thus can be effectively re-use the discarded resources.

Key words: recycling; coffee gunny; high density polyethylene; fiber reinforced

composites

155




NAC 2019

Preparation and properties of an environmentally friendly

hyperbranched flame retardant polyurethane hybrid

Ming-Yuan Shen1, Cing-Yu Ke2, Chin-Lung Chiang3*

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology

2, 3 Green Flame Retardant Material Research Laboratory, Department of Safety,

Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang University Hung-Kuang

University


The NCO functional group of 3-isocyanatoproply triethoxysilane (IPTS) and the

OH functional group of 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-

phenantbrene-10-oxide(DOPO-BQ) were used to conduct an addition reaction.

Following completion of the reaction, triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) was introduced

to conduct a ring-opening reaction. Subsequently, a sol-gel method was used to take

place a hydrolysis- condensation reaction on TGIC-IPTS-DOPO-BQ to form a

hyperbranched nitrogen–phosphorous–silicon (HBNPSi) flame retardant. This flame

retardant was incorporated into a polyurethane (PU) matrix to prepare a hybrid material.

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),

limiting oxygen index (LOI), UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and Raman analysis were

conducted to structure characterization and analyzed transparency, thermal stability,

flame retardancy, and residual char to understand the flame retardant mechanism of

prepared hybrid materials. After the flame retardant was added, the maximum

degradation rate decreased from −36 wt%/min to −17 wt%/min, the integral procedure

decomposition temperature (IPDT) increased from 348 to 488 , and the char yield

increased from 0.7 to 8.1 wt%. The aforementioned results verified that thermal

stability of PU can be improved after adding HBNPSi. The LOI analysis indicated that

the pristine PU was flammable because the LOI of pristine PU was only 19. When the

content of added HBNPSi was 40%, the LOI value was 26; thus the PU hybrid became

nonflammable.

156



NAC 2019

Dispersion Technology on Mechanical Properties of Carbon

nanomaterials Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites

Chin-Lung Chiang1, Yung-Lan Yeh2, Chien-Wei Hsu3, Ming-Yuan Shen4*

1Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung Kuang

University, Taichung, Taiwan. 2Department of Engineering & Management of Advanced Technology, Chang Jung

Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan. 3Department of Aviation Mechanical Engineering, China University of Science and

Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan. 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology,

Taichung, Taiwan.


Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are platelet-liked graphite nanocrystals with

multigraphene layers. In general, a high contact area between polymer and nanofiller

maximizes stress transfer from the polymer matrix to nanofillers. Therefore, GNPs can

be expected to exhibit better reinforcement than CNTs in polymer composites, because

of their ultrahigh aspect ratio (600–10,000) and higher surface constant area. The GNPs

planar structure provides a 2D path for phonon transport, and the ultrahigh surface area

allows a large surface contact area with polymer resulting in the enhancement of the

composite thermal conductivity.

In this study, a simple and efficiency planetary mixing methods were used to

enable the GNPs disperse uniformly throughout the epoxy solution (i.e., 0, 0.1, 0.25,

0.5, 0.75 and 1.0wt%)and then prepare GNPs/epoxy nanocomposites. Mechanical

properties of the nanocomposite, including ultimate tensile, flexural strength and

flexural modulus, were investigated.

Finally, the fracture surface of the specimen was investigated using scanning electron

microscopy (SEM) to determine the dispersion of the GNPs in the composites.

Keywords: Carbon nanomaterials, Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), Nanocomposites,

Mechanical Properties

157



NAC 2019

Bending of Glass Fabrics/Corrugated Paper/Epoxy Sandwich Composites

Jieng-Chiang Chen1*, Xiu-Zhi Yang2

1Department of Product Design, Vanung University, Chungli Dist. Taoyuan City 32061,

Taiwan, R.O.C.

2Graduate Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vanung University, Chungli Dist.

Taoyuan City 32061, Taiwan, R.O.C.


The bending characteristics of sandwich composites containing corrugated paper (CP) as a core layer covered

with glass fabrics are discussed herein. The core layer of the sandwich composite was fabricated with CP-

reinforced epoxy (E) resin. The core layer was then stacked with glass fabric on the top and bottom surfaces

to fabricate the sandwich composites. Three composites [CP-reinforced epoxy (CP/E) composite, glass non-

woven mat fabric sandwich composite with CP as a core layer (GN/E/CP) composite and glass mash fabric

sandwich composite with CP as a core layer (GM/E/CP)] were developed in this study. The corrugated paper

is a UV type corrugated paper and the epoxy is a room temperature cure rein. Figure 1 shows the images of

corrugated paper (a), CP impregnate with epoxy (b), glass net fabric reinforced CP and epoxy composite, and

glass mat fabric reinforced CP and epoxy composite. The bending strength, modulus and breaking

strain of these sandwich composites were measured according to ASTM D790 standard on a

materials test system (MTS 810).

Table 1 shows the bending modulus, strength, and strain of CP, CP/E, GN/E/CP, and GM/E/CP sandwich

composites. The GM/E/CP sandwich composites have higher bending modulus and breaking strength than

that of the GN/E/CP and CP/E sandwich composites. Furthermore, the GM/E/CP sandwich composites has

lower breaking strain while bending

Figure 1. Images of CP, CP/E, GN/E/CP, and GM/E/CP sandwich composites.

Table 1. Bending modulus and strength of CP, CP/E, GN/E/CP, and GM/E/CP sandwich

composites.

Specimen CP CP/E GN/E/CP GM/E/CP

Modulus (MPa) 2.2 51.8 79.2 100.5

Strength (MPa) 0.5 17.3 29.9 43.4

Strain (%) 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.2

Keywords: sandwich composite; corrugated paper; glass mat; glass mash; epoxy.

158


NAC 2019

Structural Design and Mechanical Performance Evaluations of Flexible

and Lightweight Belt by CFRP

Sung-Youl Bae1, Yun-Hae Kim2+

1 Composites Team, Korea Textile Machinery Convergence Research Institute, Korea

2 Department of Ocean Advanced Materials Convergence Engineering, Korea

Maritime and Ocean University, Korea


This research presents the results for structural design and mechanical

performance evaluation of a lightweight CFRP belt for high rise elevators. The weight

of the newly designed CFRP belt is reduced by 30% compared to the original steel wire

rope. The structural analysis for CFRP belt shows that the design criteria are met on

design load condition of the belt. Also, the mechanical tests are carried out to verify the

mechanical characteristics of newly developed belt, the results show that the belt has

sufficient structural performances compare to the conventional steel wire rope.

159



NAC 2019

Study on Standardized Physical Properties of 3D Printing Materials

Applying for UAV Propellers

Yung-Lan Yeh1, Tzung-Cheng Chen1, Wen-Yi Su2

1Department of Engineering & Management of Advanced Technology, Chang Jung

Christian University 2UAV Center, Chang Jung Christian University


Present study investigates the possibility analysis of UAV propeller made by

commercial 3D printing machine. The primary experimental facility is 3D printer base

on Fused Deposition Modeling method (FDM). The main methodology of this work is

to construct standard test piece according to ASTM standard and use for standard test.

The Polylactic Acid (PLA) and carbon composite material are main two printing

materials in this work. Experimental results reveal that the strength and bending of these

two materials are enough to be the propeller of middle size UAV (takeoff weight≤100

kgw), especially the carbon composite material. The max tension strength of standard

test piece of carbon composite material is over than 1 kN. This study not only confirms

the application possibility of UAV propeller made by 3D printing, but also carries out

the real flight test to identify performance enhancement and future application. The

strength study of present work can also be the good reference for future application and

development of commercial 3D printing and its substrate material for other relative

industry.

Keywords: 3D printing, ASTM, UAV, propeller

160



NAC 2019

Study on Characteristics of Piezoelectric Fiber Composites.

Min-Yan Dong, Chang-jung Chang, Ying-Nien Chou, Jong-Pyng Chen, Jing-Wen

Tang

Material and Chemical Research Laboratories (ITRI)


Piezoelectric fiber composite materials are one of the most widely studied

smart materials in recent years, with high deformation and electrical production

characteristics. In this study, inorganic ceramic materials were bonded into a slurry

through a polymer and then extruded into a high-solid content piezoelectric fiber green

body, which was then sintered at a high temperature of 1280 ° C to form a high-voltage

electric ceramic fiber. After the fibers are bundled, they are pressed into a piezoelectric

fiber composite material with a polymer resin material. The piezoelectric charge

constant d33>350 pC/N of this series of piezoelectric fiber composites is measured, and

the power generation power is 2.4mW@70kgw, which can be used as the power source

of the smart wearable device sensing module.

161



NAC 2019

Study of Environmental Properties of Rubber-Nanocomposites

Derived From Styrene-Butadiene Rubber and Nano Carbon Black

Rajesh H. Gupta1, Rani V. Mankar2 and Wasudeo B. Gurnule2*

1Department of Chemistry, KZS Science College, Kalmeshwar-441501, Dist. Nagpur,

India

*2Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur,

440024, India.

Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Elastic nanocomposite (SBR-Nano carbon black) was combined by the

emulsion polymerization strategy. Elastic nanocomposite syntheses have been resolved

based on their micro investigation. FTIR and Raman spectra were concentrated to

illustrate the structure. The surface morphology of the copolymer gum was inspected

by checking scanning electron microscopy and it sets up the change state among

crystalline and formless nature. Ozone obstruction was concentrated to explain

occasional perceptions of the surface of the examples were made for break

commencement. Tests were uncovered for longer time. Flame obstruction was

concentrated to measures the simplicity of termination of a flame and four appraisals

are conceivable, contingent on the consuming time and the nearness of flaming drips.

The present investigation including the emulsion polymerization technique where

environmental performance of elastic nano composites is observed to be great.

Keywords: Styrene-Butadiene rubber, Nanocomposite, Nano Carbon Black, FTIR.

References:

1. R. V. Mankar, W. B. Gurnule and K. S. Vajpai, Evaluation of Thermal and

Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber-Nanocomposite by using

Tin Oxide as Filler, Material Today Proceeding, 15,(P3) 371-379 (2019).

2. Rani V. Mankar, and Wasudeo B Gurnule, Synthesis and Characterization of

SBR- Nanocomposite with Carbon black Nanoparticle, Res. J. Pharma. Bio.

Chem. Sci. 9(5) 791-799 (2018).

162




NAC 2019

Nano-micelle structure of modified hyaluronic acid for cosmetics

application

WANG LU CHIH, YU YUAN KUN, HSIEH YI TING, LIU YU CHUN, TANG JING

WEN, SHIH TING YU

Department of Healthcare Materials, Division of Fiber & Textile Chemicals

Technology, Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology

Research Institute(ITRI)


Antioxidants in cosmetics are usually not long-persistent. Here we introduce

the micelle complex that successfully prolong the effect of ascorbic acid. The micelle

composed of histidine and hyaluronic acid encapsulate the ascorbic acid (AA) to form

a nano-micelle complex (HYA-HEAL+ AA). The size of micelle was ~500 nm analyzed

by Dynamic light scattering method (DLS). The content of ascorbic acid was titrated

by KIO3. It was found that ascorbic acid was all decayed (0.93% vs. AA initial content)

at room temperature after 3 days. However, the contents of ascorbic acid encapsulated

by micelle remained 73.2%(vs. AA initial content). DPPH and the ABTS+ radical

scavenging activity assays were used to identify the ability of anti-oxidation activities

of HYA-HEAL+ AA. ABTS and DPPH scavenging activity was 47.15% and 63.4%

separately at room temperature after 3 days. The ascorbic acid without protection

remained no radical scavenging activity. (ABTS=2.49%, DPPH=2.99%). The anti-

oxidation ability of HYA-HEAL+ AA was about 10 times over ascorbic acid without

protection of micelle. These results showed that this designed micelle complex structure

can protect antioxidants (ex. ascorbic acid) for a long-term activity.

The DPPH scavenging activity of HYA-HEAL+ AA

163



NAC 2019

Static Strength Assessment of Sandwich Panels with

Glass/Polypropylene Faces and Aluminum Foam Cores

Yi-Ming Jen1, Zih-He Tang1

1 Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean

University


The four-point bending tests were performed first on the sandwich beam with

glass/polypropylene faces and aluminum foam cores. The face thickness, core height,

and angle-ply directions were considered as the variables to prepare the specimens. The

effects of these variables on the bending strengths and the failure modes of the studied

sandwich beams were experimentally analyzed using a MTS 810 material testing

system and a four-point bending jig. Experimental results show that four failure modes,

i.e., face-sheet failure, local indentation, and two types of core shear failure, were

observed for the specimens with various experimental variables. The theoretical

strengths for the four failure modes were proposed based on the mechanical strengths

of the faces and cores. Among the four theoretical strengths, the lowest one is selected

as the predicted strength and the corresponding mode is the predicted failure mode. The

comparison results between the predicted and experimental strengths and failure modes

were provided in the study. Assessment results show that the prediction errors are found

to be below 30% for most specimens.

.

Keywords: sandwich beam, four-point bending, glass/polypropylene composite,

aluminum foam, strength prediction, failure mode.

164



NAC 2019

Pultruded glass fiber reinforced brominated-epoxy composites:

Dynamic mechanical and flame retardant properties

Chin-Hsing Chen

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chinese Culture University,

Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City 11114, Taiwan


With the improvement of the quality of life and the awakening of awareness

of the requirements of the security environment, fire-resistant materials gradually

become the world's attention and recognition. Therefore, this paper investigates a

proprietary processes to manufacture glass fiber (GF) reinforced brominated-epoxy

(BEP) flame retardant composites by pultrusion. To BEP prepolymer with fillers as

matrices, glass fiber as reinforcements for pultrusion. The dynamic mechanical

properties (DMA) and flame retardant properties of the glass fiber reinforced BEP

composites by pultrusion have been investigated. From DMA test, the higher dynamic

storage modulus (E') and lower curve of tan δ of pultruded composites when the filler

content, postcure temperature and postcure time increased. At the same time, the glass

transition temperature (Tg) of the pultruded composites were shifted to a higher

temperature when the filler content, postcure temperature and postcure time increased.

From the flame retardant test for UL-94 and limited oxygen index (LOI), all of the

pultruded glass fiber reinforced BEP composites showed excellent flame retardant

properties as well as the BEP resin.

165



NAC 2019

Improving the dispersion of carbon fiber in polypropylene through

incorporating special composites

Hsun-Tsing Lee1, Shung-Jim. Yang2, Kuo-Wen Lai3, Miao-Hui Chen1

1 Department of Fashion Styling and Design, Vanung University, Taiwan, ROC

2 Department of Aeronautical and Opto-Mechatronic Engineering, Vanung University,

Taiwan, ROC 3 Graduate School of Material Science and Engineering, Vanung University, Taiwan,

ROC


Various proportions of thermalplastic polypropylene (PP) and carbon fiber

(CF) were mixed in a twin-screw kneader at 180 oC and 50 rpm firstly, then they formed

composites with an injection mold. The thermal (TGA, DSC, melting index),

mechanical (tensile strength and modulus, impact strength, hardness) and physical

properties of the composites were investigated. Also, the composites were additionally

incorporated with poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-graft-maleic anhydride

(SEBS-g-MA) or polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA). The above

mentioned properties of these new composite were also examined to evaluate the

effectiveness of additional two kinds of graft composites.

The results indicate that the addition of SEBS-g-MA and PP-g-MA can

improve the dispersion of CF in PP matrix. So the tensile strength and impact strength

of the composites increase with increasing CF content. Especially, thermal resistance

of the composites is significantly enhanced by the CF. However, the glass transition

temperature of the composites does not vary with the CF content.

166



NAC 2019

Mechanical Properties for Meso-model of Spread Tow Composites

Sang-Jin Lee1,2, Sung-Youl Bae1, and Il-Seop Chung2

1 Composites Convergence Team, Korea Textile Machinery Convergence Research

Institute, Gyeongsan-Si, South Korea 2 Department of mechanical engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-Si, South

Korea


In this study, a way to evaluate and predict the mechanical properties of spread

tow fabric composites was proposed. With the application of spread tow fabric, the

fabric crimps were small enough to reduce its thickness, impregnate resin easily, and

enhance its mechanical properties. Carbon fiber of 12K is approximately 7 mm wide

and 0.3 mm thick, but it was machined into a spread tow with a width of 20 mm and a

thickness of 0.1 mm. In the next step, spread tow prepreg was made by impregnating a

spread tow with thermoplastic resin; the spread tow fabric prepreg was produced by

weaving the spread tow prepreg. Subsequently, spread tow composites were produced

for pressing and heating at the hot-press after being stacked to the specified thickness.

Regarding the spread tow composites, the tensile test specimen was machined so that

the unit cells of the weaving pattern were included in the width of the specimen. Tensile

testing was performed in accordance with ASTM D 3039.

By observing the cross-section of the press-molded panel, TEXGEN software

was used to model the shape of a molded tow as the representative volume element.

Simple tensile and shear load conditions were then applied to the unit cell to predict the

modulus by using the commercial structural analysis software ANSYS. The predictive

model was assumed to be fully elastic, the carbon fiber tow prepreg was regarded as

the transverse isotropic elastic material, and polypropylene resin was applied to the

isotropic material. As a result, the physical properties expected matched within 10% of

the test results.

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Industrial Core Technology Development

Programs(Project No. 10053822) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

in Korea.

167



NAC 2019

Analysis of residual stress in welding parts of cryogenic materials for

LNG storage tank

Chang-Wook Park1, Je-Hyoung Cho1, Sung-Won Yoon1, Yun-Hae Kim2

1 Department of Advanced Materials,

Research Institute of Medium & Small Shipbuilding(RIMS),

Busan 46757, Republic of Korea 2 Major of Materials Engineering,

Korea Maritime and Ocean University(KMOU),

Busan 49112, Republic of Korea


International Maritime Organization (IMO) strengthened emission standards for

ship emissions to prevent marine pollution by ships. Research and investment in LNG

fuelled ships, which are highly energy efficient and clean energy, are actively underway

in the world. Accordingly, 9% Ni steel, 304 and 316 stainless steel and Al 5083 alloys

were widely used as materials for making fuel and storage tanks for ultra-low

temperatures, and austenitic high manganese steel for ultra-low temperature was

recently developed. Welding methods for making tanks for ultra-low temperature

include SMAW welding method and recently developed FCAW welding method.

Demand and attention for development is focused on the need for development of

suitable welding methods to manufacture LNG fuel and storage tanks. For the

application of LNG fuel storage tanks, it is important to study the distribution of

residual stress due to changes in welding procedures because the weld residual stresses

affecting the safety of welds have a variety of effects on fatigue strength or brittle

fracture. Therefore, the SMAW welding characteristics were studied by performing a

weld residual stress analysis on 9% Ni steel and high manganese steel.

Keywords: welding residual stress; arc welding; shielded metal arc welding(SMAW);

flux cored arc welding(FCAW); 9% Ni steel; finite element method; LNG storage tank.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20004935,

Development of Small and Medium Sized LNG Fuel Storage Module for Coastal Ships)

funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea).

168



NAC 2019

Structural safety analysis of mechanical joint on dissimilar materials

for PFP structures

Sung-Won Yoon1, Je-Hyoung Cho1, Tae-Yeob Kim1, Yun-Hae Kim2







The purpose of this study is to determine the correct estimation of the mechanical

joint for high strength composites applied to the Passive Fire Protect(PFP) structure. In

the structure of large ships, preparedness for fire is one of the most important elements

of ship design. Therefore, in this study, the safety of the fastening of the structure which

the crews can safely evacuate when the fire occurred in the work was examined. The

safety of fastening for dissimilar materials between composite materials and metal

materials according to the design load conditions has been verified by finite element

analysis. In the results of the finite element analysis, the stresses transmitted to the joints

showed no significant difference. However, The stress concentration phenomenon at

the joints was caused by the deformation of the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to

reflect the design factors that can minimize the deformation of the structure.

Keywords: dissimilar materials; finite element analysis; mechanical joint; passive fire

protect; structural safety analysis.

Acknowledgments

This research was a part of the project titled 'Development of Fire Resistance, High

Pressure and High Strength Composite Material to Replace Green-ship Steel

Outfit'(Projects No. 20160271), funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea.

169



NAC 2019

Design of mechanical joint on dissimilar materials for composites

intermediate shaft

Sung-Won Yoon1, Je-Hyoung Cho1, Chang-Wook Park1, Yun-Hae Kim2







The purpose of this study is to determine the correct estimation of the mechanical

joint on dissimilar materials applied to the composites intermediate shaft. In this study,

the safety of the mechanical coupling between the composite tube and the metal flange

was investigated by finite element analysis. Also, in order to check the mechanical

fastening characteristics according to the winding angle, a winding test specimen was

fabricated by increasing the angle from 45 ° to 90 ° by 15 ° and the torsion test was

conducted. The results of finite element analysis showed no significant difference in

the stress transfer phenomenon depending on the winding angle. The factor of

consideration in stress transfer seems to be that the shape of the joint rather than the

winding angle was the main factor. The specimen tests showed the same fracture

patterns as the analytical results, particularly stress concentration at the ends of the

shafts tangent to tubes and flanges. Therefore, it is considered that additional

reinforcement is required for the stress concentration area.

Keywords: dissimilar materials; finite element analysis; intermediate shaft; mechanical

joint; structural safety analysis.

Acknowledgments

This research was a part of the project titled 'Development of Fire Resistance, High

Pressure and High Strength Composite Material to Replace Green-ship Steel

Outfit'(Projects No. 20160271), funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea.

170



NAC 2019

Modified Ammonium Polyphosphates/Bamboo Fiber/Poly(lactic

acid) Flame Retarded Composites

Yeng-Fong Shih and Zhong-Zhe Lai

Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, No. 168,

Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.


The aim of this study is to compare the effects on mechanical and retardant

properties of ploylactic acid (PLA) with different amount of recyclable chopstick fibers,

unmodified ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and modified ammonium polyphosphate

(EAPP). Modified ammonium polyphosphate was obtained by surface treatment of APP

with a silane coupling agent, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, in order to achieve

the better compatibility between reinforcing material and PLA. A series of green

composites were prepared by melt-blending with addition of APP, EAPP, chopstick

fibers and PLA. The thermal properties of PLA were enhanced significantly when 20

wt% of EAPP was added. Furthermore, the storage and loss moduli of the composites

can be enhanced effectively by adding the modified fibers. This means that the addition

of the fibers can reinforce the rigidity and toughness of PLA. According to the UL-94

analysis, the composites with EAPP can reach the highest retardant level V-0. Moreover,

SEM analysis revealed that EAPP and PLA have a better compatibility, and fiber pull

out phenomenon was not found. XRD crystallography revealed that adding the EAPP

maintained the crystallization patterns of the PLA in the three-dimensional spherulite,

which can reinforce the impact resistance properties effectively. These results indicated

that EAPP can enhance the thermal resistance and flame retardant properties, and the

chopstick fibers can reinforce the mechanical properties of PLA. Due to the chopstick

fiber was recycled from litter, therefore as a reinforcing materials, it can lower the

industrial costs and achieve the value of waste.

Key words: polylactic acid; recycling; ammonium polyphosphate; green composites

171



NAC 2019

Mechanical properties and anti-wear behavior of Nanocrystalline

cellulose reinforced polylactic acid composites

Shih-Chen Shi1, Chia-Feng Hsieh1,Wei-Cheng Wang1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU),

Taiwan


Nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) is a good candidate of reinforcement for

composites. The application of nanocrystalline cellulose as fabric or structural

reinforcements widely introduced in a variety of industries. This studies the properties

of CNC by using twin screw extrusion to combine polylactic acid (PLA) and 1, 3, and

5wt.% CNC and produces ASTM test specimens through inject molding. The

composite material obtained through inject molding sees an increase in the strength

compared to pure PLA. However, from the experiments, it was discovered that CNC

aggregates within PLA and as a result has a limited enhancement to the strength of PLA.

In addition, an improvement in the wear resistance of PLA/CNC composite material

was observed. It was also observed that adding 5wt.% CNC to the composite material

can reduce its friction coefficient.

keywords: polylactic acid, nanocrystalline cellulose, injection molding, wear,

tribology

172



NAC 2019

Application of recycled materials on compression calf sleeves

Ching-Che Cheng、Chang-Jung Chang

Material and chemical research laboratories, Industrial technology research institute,

Taiwan


Nowadays, marathon and running have become the most popular exercise in

the world, and the consumption of sportswear increase year by year. During the running,

the lower limbs are very important because the ground reaction forces generate 2~3

times of body weight when foot touch the ground. When muscle tension develops

overload, it will cause fatigue and aches in the muscle, even cramps and swelling.

Therefore, to protect muscle and reduce fatigue feeling, human engineering and

recycled materials are used to design running compression calf sleeves, and make it by

seamless circular knitting machine.

The position of the common sports injury in the lower leg is on the posterior

side, especially the gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle fatigue may be caused by

accumulation of lactic acid or reduction of cellular energy. Thus, we use compressive

force and progressive pressure to decrease the risk of muscle injury. The design of the

compression calf sleeves is as follows: first, use the recycled PET yarn to cover and fix

the gastrocnemius area by 3:1 miss-stitch fabrics. Second, use the float-stitch fabrics to

enhance the air permeability, and other sides use twill miss-stitch fabrics to enhance the

velocity of water absorption. Third, control the different knitting tension to achieve the

progressive pressure. Furthermore, to evaluate the degree of muscle fatigue, we use

surface electromyography (EMG) to record and analyze the gastrocnemius muscle

activity.

Finally, compare our compression calf sleeves and the professional

commercial calf sleeves by treadmill and EMG test, results show that our compression

calf sleeves not only optimize the progressive pressure and air permeability, but also

decrease the 4 % fatigue of gastrocnemius muscle during the test.

Keywords: recycled materials, compression calf sleeves, circular knitting machine,

textiles design, electromyography

173



NAC 2019

Immobilizing laccase with electrospun chitosan fiber to prepare

biosensor prototype for food quality monitoring

Hui-Huang Chen, Ting-Yu Tsai, Yu-Kai Huang, Cheng-Xuan Lin, Hao-Hsin Hsu, Yu-

Hsuan Chang

Department of Food Science, National Ilan University


This study is to develop the quality monitoring technology for fresh cut

vegetables and fruits (FCVF). A time temperature indicator (TTI) is a biosensor that

can record and present the time and temperature history of food in storage to effectively

provide food quality information and reduce food risk and food waste. Although

enzymatic TTIs accurately reflect the quality of food during storage, their application

is limited by enzyme stability problems and high cost. In this study, laccase was

immobilized on the electrospun fiber to reinforce the stability and reliability of TTI.

Submicrometer fiber networks were generated by electrospinning chitosan/poly(vinyl

alcohol)/tetraethoxysilane (CS/PVA/TEOS) on polypropylene (PP) film. Laccase was

immobilized covalently on electrospun films, named ceCPTL as a TTI prototype, by

using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent, to increase the enzyme stability.

Homogeneous fiber networks with high specific area were generated when the

CS/PVA/TEOS concentration was at 8%. SEM images and the coloration assay of

ceCPTL rinsed liquid confirmed that GA successfully immobilized laccase on

electrospun chitosan fibers. Compared with free laccase, ceCPTL exhibited higher

relative activity and storage stability and was able to monitor the coloration at 4°C–

40°C. The activation energy of coloration for ceCPTL can be regulated from 17.55 to

76.97 kJ/mol by adjusting pH and sodium azide. Using the ceCPTL with a 15 μg/cm2

laccase immobilization, approximately 6 days was required to reach the coloration

endpoint at 5°C storage, which can be applied to monitor the quality in FCVF cold

chain. The regression equation derived from kinetic analysis could be further utilized

to design a suitable TTI to monitor food quality according to the color change of a TTI

prototype by using ceCPTL coloration. In conclusion, the enzymatic TTI prototype

prepared with the electrospun chitosan fiber to immobilize laccase can increase activity,

stability, and extend the application scope and reduce cost; thus, it is a suitable candidate

for inclusion in intelligent packaging for food safety.

Keywords: Biosenor, laccase, electrospin, chitosan, time temperature indicator

174



NAC 2019

The study on Coffee biomass Composites Materials and its

application on Green Club Grip

Chen-Feng Kuan1,Chin-Lung Chiang2, Hsu-Chiang Kuan1*

1*Department of Food and Beverage Management, Far East University, Hsin- Shih,

Tainan City 74448, Taiwan

2 Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang

University, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan

In this study, we combine the biodegradable plastic with petrochemical plastics

to prepare a biomass elastomer. In addition to the energy saving and carbon footprint

reduction, it is safer than traditional one. A biomass Polylactide (PLA) and coffee slag

were blended with thermoplastic rubber (TPR), and an environmental friendly, low

carbon footprint golf club grip were prepared. The product is with higher deodorization

ability than traditional one and comfortable as well. The recipes design, coupling and

toughening mechanism, compounding technology are discussed in this study. The

resulted PLA/TPR/coffee composite is with tensile strength 213.6 kgf/cm2, which is

higher than TPR of 181.0 kgf/cm2. The COF is 4kg and hardness is Shore A 56,

furthermore, it can deodorize 85% ammonia within 2hrs, which is fit the market

requirement.

175


NAC 2019

The study on coffee slag/recycled polystyrene circulation materials

and its application on blinds

Hsu-Chiang Kuan1,Chin-Lung Chiang2, Chen-Feng Kuan1*

1*Department of Food and Beverage Management, Far East University, Hsin- Shih,

Tainan City 74448, Taiwan

2 Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Hung-Kuang

University, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan

In this study, we combine the coffee slag, metal powder with recycled

petrochemical plastics (polystyrene) to prepare a circulation composite materials. It is

an energy saving and carbon footprint reduction composite materials compared with

traditional one. The resulted PS /coffee composite is with tensile strength 117.5

kgf/cm2, and flexural strength is 314.2 kgf/cm2. The HDT is 92oC and the UV test is fit

the ASTM G154 requirement. The metal gross composite is with tensile strength 318.8

kgf/cm2, and flexural strength is 581.6 kgf/cm2. The HDT is 91oC and the UV test is fit

the ASTM G154 requirement as well. It reuse ratio can reach 85% for recycled PS. The

result product are metal texture blinds with metal gross, and wood-like blinds with

coffee aroma flavor.

176


NAC 2019

Performance assessment on solid cylindrical rubber after aged by salt

spray

Yung-Chuan Chiou1*, Chia-Chin Wu2, Chao-Wei Mao2

1 Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Chiayi University, Taiwan 2 Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, National Chiayi University,

Taiwan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Rubber fender is usually installed under seawater at the harbor, so the information

of the salt effect on the behavior of the rubber fender in compression is important to the

design. In this study, the damage on the tested rubber caused by the salt is produced via

the salt spray testing based on the standard CNS 8886. Both one-day and five-day

duration of salt-spray aging are adopted to simulate the different extent of salt damage

on the tested rubber fenders in the presented study.

Since most fender components are mainly subjected to compression loading, the

effect of salt on the compressive behavior of the rubber fender is mainly discussed in

this study. The hardening test and the monotonic test in compression are conducted on

the tested fenders, respectively. In the experimental results, it is found that the measured

value in hardening increases with longer duration of salt spray; the transmission stress

𝑆𝑐, the absorbed strain energy density 𝐸𝑠, and the performance index 𝐶𝐸𝑅(= 𝐸𝑠/𝑆𝑐)

increases with longer time of salt spray corresponding to any specified strain in

compression 𝑒𝑐. Essentially, the salt-spray time does not have significant effect on the

compressive behavior of the tested fender. Moreover, it is observed that the measured

value of 𝐸𝑠 in monotonic test increases with the applied compressive strain. Hence,

the quadratic polynomial function is used to simulate the experimental 𝐸𝑠 − 𝑒𝑐 curve

in this paper. From the comparison between the measured and simulated curves, it is

found that the quadratic polynomial function can provide highly accurate simulation

results for all experimental 𝐸𝑠 − 𝑒𝑐 curves with/without the salt effect.

Since the differential of the 𝐸𝑠 with respect to 𝑒𝑐 is the stress, the function

corresponding to the cyclic stress-strain curve is a cubic polynomial function. From the

viewpoint in physics mentioned above, the cubic polynomial function is used to

simulate the experimental cyclic stress-strain curve with/without the salt effect. By

comparing the simulated and experimental cyclic stress-strain curves with/without the

salt effect, the cubic polynomial function can provide a satisfying result on simulating

the cyclic stress-strain curve.

Keywords: performance, rubber damper, salt spray testing

177



NAC 2019

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NAC 2019

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