2nd Prep. Literature Booklet 1st Term

2nd Prep. Literature Booklet – 1st Term


1st

Term

Name :

Class:


Introduction to Pride and Prejudice

The unfair English law ▪ Jane Austen lived in England. At that time, the

English society was divided into various social

classes; the most important of which were the

aristocrats, the nobles and the gentlemen.

▪ The Gentlemen were less powerful than the

nobles, yet owned enough land and property to

live comfortably without a paid job.

▪ Jane Austen criticized the English law which she

believed to be unfair towards women and

younger sons. ▪ The English law at that time stated that when a nobleman or a gentleman died, his

property would pass by to his eldest son.

▪ If there were no son, a nephew or cousin (the nearest possible male member of the

family) would usually be the heir (which meant that the wife and daughters could

lose their homes; as in the Bennets’ family).

▪ Younger sons usually made a living from the church or the army. Definitely,

family's help was important.

The church The army

-Local landowners were

responsible for appointing church

ministers.

-To get a good job, a man needed

-To buy a position as an army officer, one needed money,

-The richer you were (=the

rich and powerful friends. more money you paid), the

higher your position was.

▪ Due to the unfair English law, most of the families' money went to the eldest

sons. Therefore, it was very important for young women to search for and marry

rich husbands.


▪ Of course, marriage which was based upon lasting love, was the hope of most

people; especially the ladies. But, marriage was not only the union of two people, but

also of two families.

▪ Marrying someone of a higher social position or greater wealth was known to add

respect to the whole family.

▪ Any woman, who lived with a man without marriage was not welcomed in the high

society and dragged her whole family down with her. It was considered to be a

scandal at that time, for both her family and herself.

▪ Many unmarried middle-class women had to live with their brothers' families as

unwanted, unloved members of the house.

▪ Many others had to take low-paid work (often as teachers) and their social position

was lost forever.

▪ As for the social activities of the era, people enjoyed exchanging visits with their

neighbours; especially the new ones.

▪ As soon as a man (or a family) moved into a neighborhood, the man of the house of

each of the families that lived there visited the new comer as to welcome him (or

them). It’s rather a common social code which indicated that this new comer was

allowed to visit them back to get introduced to the rest of the family.

▪ They also socialized when they met together in balls whether private or

public.

▪ Public Balls

▪ Private Balls

▪ When a neighborhood rented a

hall and everyone attended

without invitations.

▪ When one of the neighbors threw a

party in his house and sent

invitations for the guests he liked

to host.

▪ Of course, after any of those balls, people , especially the ladies, started their

gossiping on what they noticed in the ball, and attracted their attentions. They

analyzed what happened according to their own impressions.


▪ It was a well-known spontaneous reaction after every ball to find the ladies who

were neighbors or relatives to chat and gossip about what happened earlier in the

ball they had attended. It was normal to find these ladies criticizing behaviors and

appearances of those who attended the ball.

▪ Through her novel, Jane Austen aimed to deliver a certain message to her readers;

that is: “A person’s true character is hard to judge, and you can not trust a first

impression. Look beneath the surface and you may find a few surprises”.

▪ The main characters come as follows:

The Bennets

Mr. Bennet

Jane

Mrs. Bennet

Mr.

Gardiner

Mr. Bennet


❖ Questions:

1- State the major interesting social activities which were favoured by the

English society in Austen’s era.

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2- How was the elder son the sole winner for being the only heir of all

fortunes?

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Miss

Darcy

Miss


Chapter One

The Bennet’s New Neighbour

❖ A well-known truth: ▪ It was a well-known truth that an unmarried man in possession of a large fortune

must have been in need of a wife.

▪ From that concept, Mrs. Bennet who knew of the arrival of the wealthy young

single neighbour planned to marry him to one of her daughters. She said:, “I’m

thinking of his marrying one of our daughters.”

❖ Mr. Bennet’s mockin g attitude:

▪ Mr. Bennet's character appearead within his conversation with Mrs. Bennet. With

a deeper focus, it appeared that his mocking attitude came out of the bitterness that

he felt as a result of living with his foolish silly wife.

▪ Their conversation about Mr. Bennet favouring Elizabeth for her intelligence and

rational character showed a lot about how really distant their characters were.

❖ An unwise marriage

▪ Mr. Bennet made the mistake of falling in love with Mrs. Bennet twenty three years

ago, only for her beauty regardless how foolish her character was. He regretted this

mistake throughout all the years of their marriage especially, when he realised that

his wife had little intelligence or common sense and was only interested in shopping

and finding husbands for her daughters.

▪ The Bennet girls’ gossips with their neighbour and friend Charlotte Lucas

provided them with information about Mr. Bingley (the new neighbour).

▪ According to Sir William Lucas, Mr. Bingley was quite young, very handsome, and

extremely charming. He loved dancing which meant that he’s likely to fall in love.

▪ Mrs. Bennet planned to invite Mr. Bingley to dinner right after his first visit to Mr.

Bennet. Yet, they met him with a group of his friends in the first public ball in

Meryton.


❖ Though being close friends, they had different characters.

▪ Mr. Bingley was indeed a good-looking gentleman. His sisters, Caroline and

Louisa were fine fashionable women. Mr. Darcy was a tall handsome man who

had an income of ten thousand pounds a year.

▪ After a while, there was a general agreement that Mr. Darcy was proud and

disagreeable, and considered himself superior to country people. On the other

hand, Mr. Bingley made himself popular with the ladies by dancing every dance

and talking to everybody.

▪ Mr. Bingley persuaded Mr. Darcy to pick himself a partner to dance with. Yet, Mr.

Darcy found that Mr. Bingley was “dancing with the only attractive girl” there;

referring to Jane. When Mr. Bingley pointed out her sister, Elizabeth ,who was

right behind them, and suggested dancing with her, Mr. Darcy gave a negative

reply with disdain and preferred to stay there watching people dancing.

▪ Unexpectedly, Elizabeth overheard their conversation, and was hurt. Yet she told

the story very cheerfully and amusingly to her friends.

❖ The ball was a fruitful event which created an interesting material to

gossip upon.

▪ After the ball, the ladies enjoyed gossiping and analyzing what had happened in the

interesting event; especially the new-comers of Longbourn. Mrs. Bennet was

delighted with the effect Jane had on Mr. Bingley and remarked on how rude Mr.

Darcy was to Elizabeth.

▪ Jane admitted that she liked Mr. Bingley, stating that “he’s good-mannered and

agreeable.” She also mentioned how admirable the Bingley sisters were; a remark

that Elizabeth was never convinced of.

▪ Elizabeth believed that Jane was so kind and always ready to see the good side of

people’s characters; for she (Elizabeth) had considered Mr. Bingley’s sisters too

proud, almost rude as much as Mr. Darcy. They felt superior to most of the people.


❖ Though being close friends, they were different characters.

▪ Charlotte Lucas was a sensible, intelligent young woman of twenty-seven, the eldest

of Sir William and Lady Lucas, who were neighbours of the Bennets, unlike

Elizabeth Bennet who believed that a man should discover the heart of a woman.

She was romantic.

▪ Elizabeth Bennet and Charlotte Lucas were close friends. They both discussed Jane

and Bingley’s state of admiration. Charlotte was convinced that it would be a

mistake if Jane didn’t show her feelings to Bingley at all for she may lose the

opportunity of having him. Charlotte believed that “happiness in marriage was

simply a matter of chance.” On the contrary, Elizabeth believed that a man should

try to discover the lady’s feelings not wait for her encouragement.

▪ Although at first, he had not even considered her pretty, Mr. Darcy started to

realize what a beautiful expression her dark eyes gave to her intelligent face, and

what an attractive figure she had. Elizabeth, while observing Mr. Bingley’s interest

in Jane, didn’t notice Mr. Darcy’s interest in herself. Nevertheless, she thought that

Mr. Darcy intended to criticize and mock her among his friends and that’s why he

might have been ready to pay a special attention to her.

▪ Another social event took place in Longbourn; a private ball in the Lucases’

residence. During the ball, Sir William Lucas tried to encourage Mr. Darcy to

dance with Elizabeth as she passed in front of them, but she politely refused. When

Mr. Darcy repeated the invitation to Elizabeth to ask her to accept dancing with

him, with equal politeness she refused again.

❖ Caroline Bingley’s jealousy :

▪ Mr. Darcy gazed with admiration at Elizabeth as she was walking away. A spark of

jealousy started within the heart of Caroline Bingley, who started criticizing the

situation in a mocking attitude. But, then, Mr. Darcy replied to her words saying:

“A lady’s imagination jumps from admiration, to love, to marriage, in a moment.”


❖ Questions:

1) Comment: “A single man of large fortune... How wonderful for our girls!”

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2) Comment: “She’s not attractive enough to tempt me.” Refer to the reaction of the

lady who overheard these words.

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3) Comment: “Of course she’s only an unfashionable village girl.” Refer to what

extent first impressions are not usually the last.

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4) Comment: “Let me be the first to congratulate you. When will the wedding be?”

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Chapter Two

Jane’s illness

❖ The English law of inheritance was unfair to women:

▪ The English law was unfair to women. This was evident within the Bennet's family.

Mr. Bennet was a gentleman whose comfortable income was of two thousand pounds

a year. They lived in a comfortable house in Longbourn. But, unfortunately for his

daughters, after his death all his property would pass to a distant male relation.

Philips. He had been her father’s clerk, and now carried on his late employer’s

business.

▪ Mr. and Mrs. Philips lived in Meryton; a village that was only one Kilometer far from

Longbourn. It was the village, where the military regiment settled in for the whole

winter.

▪ Kitty and Lydia:

▪ Kitty and Lydia (the youngest of the Bennet sisters) were the most foolish of all the

sisters. They were usually fond of admiring the officers of the regiments. Their father

himself believed that they were the silliest and most foolish girls in town, as he usually

repeated saying “I consider our two youngest daughters unusually foolish”. Kitty felt

embarrassed from such words while Lydia never cared for her father’s remarks. As

for Mrs. Bennet, she usually defended her youngest daughters as she used to act as

foolish as them when she was in their age.

It was also evident with in Mrs. Bennet’s former family before marrying Mr. Bennet.

Her father was a lawyer, and had only left his daughter a small amount of money. She

had a brother who owned shops in London and she also had a sister married to Mr.


▪ Jane received a note from Netherfield. Caroline Bingley invited her to dinner at

Netherfield as her sister and she were alone because Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy were

having dinner with the officers in Meryton.

▪ Mrs. Bennet refused to let Jane go by the Bennets’ carriage, believing that as it was

likely to rain, she would have to stay the night there. Though Elizabeth suggested that

the Bingleys would offer to send her home in their carriage, Mrs. Bennet insisted on

forcing Jane to go on her horse hoping it would rain heavily.

▪ Though it was a foolish plan, yet it succeeded. Elizabeth received a note from Jane

explaining that she had caught cold on her wet ride and had been invited to stay at

Netherfield until he recovery. Only then, Mr. Bennet argued against Mrs. Bennet’s

plan, trying to illustrate how dangerous her idea was regarding their poor daughter,

who might have become seriously ill and died in obedience to her mother.

▪ Elizabeth felt determined to go to Netherfield and stay by her ill sister. Since the

carriage was not available, and she was not keen on riding, she decided to walk five

kilometers to Netherfield. Upon her arrival to Netherfield, she was in complete mess;

with tired feet, muddy stockings, messy hair, untidy dress, and a healthy pink face

with exercise.

❖ Miss Bingley proved her jealousy of Elizabeth at the last day

for Elizabeth and Jane in Netherfield:

▪ The Bingley sisters had been criticizing Elizabeth since the moment they saw her in

such a mess. Their brother was kind and considerate towards her. On the other hand,

Mr. Darcy hesitated between admirations of her healthy good looks and doubted

whether she should have come such a distance alone.

▪ It was time for Elizabeth to leave in the afternoon. Jane seemed so upset that Caroline

Bingley was obliged to invite Elizabeth to stay with them till Jane was recovered.

▪ When Elizabeth left the room after dinner, Caroline once again began to criticise her.

Her words showed how superior she felt towards Elizabeth. Louisa agreed remarking


that she had no good qualities except that she was an excellent walker describing how

wild she looked when she arrived that morning. Mr. Bingley thought that it showed

a very pleasing affection for her sister.

❖ Reputable relations of any girl were appreciated to advance

her chances for marriage:

▪ Louisa started another conversation expressing her great liking for Jane and how she

found her very sweet wishing her a good marriage. Yet, Caroline disagreed on the

part of expecting any good marriage for a girl such as Jane or any of her sisters,

stressing on the fact that there were other qualifications a girl must have had other

than only being sweet. She focused on the family’s social standard, referring to the

Bennet’s relatively low relations; namely an uncle who’s a lawyer in Meryton (Mr.

Philips) and another who owned shops in Cheapside in London (Mr. Gardiner).

▪ Mr. Bingley defended the Bennet girls as usual out of his sincere admiration for Jane.

Of course, Mr. Darcy agreed with Caroline’s point; that the fact of having inferior

relations had a great factor in lessening their chances of marrying men of any

position in the world.

▪ Later in the evening, Elizabeth found the party in the sitting room. Caroline

Bingley asked Mr. Darcy about his sister; Georgiana, praising her fine manners.

When Caroline was talking about Georgiana’s appearance and manners, a discussion

was opened about the qualities of an ‘accomplished’ woman. According to Caroline

Bingley, an accomplished woman must have had a thorough knowledge of music,

singing, drawing, dancing and modern languages. Besides, a certain something in her

manner of walking, in her voice and in her behaviour. Mr. Darcy added that she must

have improved her mind by wide reading. At these qualities Elizabeth commented

that she had never seen such elegance, intelligence and knowledge in one woman.

▪ When Elizabeth left the room, Caroline addressed Mr. Darcy criticizing Elizabeth’s

attitude saying that she was one of those women who tried to appear attractive to men


by under-evaluating other women believing that it’s a ‘mean trick’. At that point, Mr.

Darcy replied that “there’s meanness in all tricks used by ladies to attract men”

referring to Caroline’s obvious meanness.

▪ The next morning, Mrs. Bennet and her two youngest daughters came to Netherfield

Park to check on Jane. Elizabeth began to regret asking her to come, because Mrs.

Bennet couldn’t help showing her lack of intelligence and common sense in

everything she said. Kitty and Lydia made an equally bad impression; as they had

been whispering together when suddenly Lydia pushed herself rudely begging Mr.

Bingley to hold a ball at Netherfield. Thus, Mr. Bingley promised he would.

▪ Jane and Elizabeth had to stay another night to allow Jane to recover completely.

▪ That evening, Elizabeth noticed how frequent Mr. Darcy’s eyes were fixed on her.

Yet, as she felt sure that so great a man couldn’t possibly admire her, she assumed

that when he looked at her , he was criticizing her in some way; a thought that didn’t

cause her any pain at all, as she liked him too little to care for his approval.

▪ In fact, what Elizabeth was completely not aware of was that Darcy had never been so

charmed by any woman. He really believed that if she didn’t have such vulgar

relations; he might have been in danger of falling in love with her.

▪ As for Miss Bingley, she saw or suspected enough to be jealous that she wished Jane

an early recovery in order to get rid of Elizabeth.

▪ The following day, Elizabeth and Jane returned back home. Everyone was secretly

delighted for their departure except for Mr. Bingley, who showed sincere sorrow for

this.

▪ In Longbourn, Mr. Bennet was so delighted to see his eldest daughters back home,

but Mrs. Benet was disappointed to see them come back in a short time; for she

wanted them to stay in Netherfield much longer.


❖ Questions:

1) Comment: “From what I can see, you must be two of the silliest girls in the country.”

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2) Comment: “What a good idea of mine that was!”

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3) Comment: “It would be a comfort to know that she died in a good cause.”

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4) Comment: “Certainly people use the word ‘accomplished’ too loosely.”

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Chapter Three

Mr. Collins visits Longbourn

▪ Mr. Bennet informed Mrs. Bennet that he had received a letter from his distant

cousin; Mr. William Collins, informing him that he would be visiting them for about a

week.

▪ The letter was written in a polite manner, suggesting improving their relationship, as

much as paving the way for discussing Mr. Collins’ suggestions to make amendments

to lessen the loss for the Bennet ladies in case of Mr. Bennet’s death and Mr. Collins'

inheritance of all the family’s properties.

❖ The man whom Mrs. Bennet had so disliked two days before, became

later a favourite of hers.

▪ Before Mr. Bennet read Mr. Collins’ letter to his family, Mrs. Bennet had expressed

her hatred towards that man for she disliked the fact that it was Mr. Collins’ right to

legally inherit all the Bennet’s property, which would leave the Bennet ladies in

poverty. However, after reading the letter, Mrs. Bennet had second thoughts, changed

her attitude towards Mr. Collins and decided to give him a chance as long as he was

ready to mend the situation.

❖ Mr. Bennet expected to be entertained by Mr. Collins' letter

▪ Mr. Bennet sarcastically described Mr. Collins as ‘a peace making gentleman’. He

couldn’t help preventing himself from mocking Mr. Collins from his letter.

▪ As for Jane; who was always ready to see the good side in people, she believed that it’s

a good gesture of him to want to help them.

▪ On the contrary, Elizabeth thought of him as ‘peculiar’ because he seemd so pleased

with himself and spoke so politely of Lady Catherine. She wondered why he would

appologise for inheriting Mr. Bennet’s property when they already knew it wasn’t his

fault. She even doubted he could ever be a sensible man.


▪ To that question, Mr. Bennet replied that he expected to find him quite the opposite

as there was a mixture of servility and self-importance in his letter which seemed to

be entertaining for Mr. Bennet’s mocking character.

▪ Mr. Collins arrived punctually. He was a tall, heavy-looking young man of twenty

five. His expression was serious and his manners were very formal. He started his

complimentary speeches from the first moment of meeting Mrs. Bennet, who was

eager to know Mr. Collins’s plans for lessening the damage of inheriting the Bennets’

property. He was clear about postponing any further details in the topic till the

occasion would be appropriate for discussion.

❖ Mr. Collins:

▪ Mr. Collins turned out to be as foolish as Mr. Bennet hoped. He was not a sensible

man and neither education nor society had improved him.

▪ He spoke enthusiastically for several times in praise of Lady Catherine. He believed

it’s his duty to please her. Her ‘ladyship’ was a widow and had one daughter, who

would inherit the Rosings and all Lady Catherine’s property.

▪ On asking Mr. Collins how he thought of those pleasing compliments that surely

made him an expert at flattering with delicacy; he replied that some of these

compliments came to him at the time, but in his spare moments he occasionally

prepared a few words which may have been suitable for different occasions.

▪ The guest was asked to read aloud to the ladies, and was shocked when he was

handed a novel; protesting that he had never read novels. Instead, he chose a religious

book and started reading in a slow and serious voice. Suddenly, Lydia, who couldn’t

hide her boredom for long, rudely interrupted him to ask her mother a question

about one of the officers in Meryton. Although Mrs. Bennet and her other daughters

appologised for Lydia’s lack of manners, Mr. Collins was offended and refused to

read anymore.


▪ Mr. Collins’s idea of resolving the matter of the Bennet girls, was to marry one of

them. He considered this an excellent plan, and thought himself extremely generous

and unselfish in carrying it out. As the eldest, Jane was the one who should marry

first and for the first evening she was his choice. However, after talking with Mrs.

Bennet, he had to change his mind, as she told him that Jane was likely to be engaged

soon. Thus, Mr. Collins had to change his mind from Jane to Elizabeth; who was next

to Jane in birth and beauty.

▪ Mrs. Bennet was so delighted to have two of her daughters married soon.

❖ Questions:

1) Describe Mr. Collins in your own opinion, referring to the members of the Bennet

family’s analysis and what he really turned out to be.

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Chapter Four

Elizabeth meets Mr. Wickham

▪ On the same day, Mr. Collins was invited to join the Bennet sisters for a walk to

Meryton. However, the girls had to listen to his self-important speeches.

▪ When they arrived to Meryton, the girls soon noticed a very gentleman-like young

officer whom they had never seen before. They kept wondering who this man was, till

one of his friends introduced him to the girls.

▪ Mr. Wickham was very good-looking, with a very pleasant sociable manner.

❖ There was a cold meeting between the charming officer Mr. Wickham and

the proud disagreeable Mr. Darcy.

▪ Coincidently, they met Mr. Bingley and Mr. Darcy, who were on their way to visit the

Bennets. Bingley was mostly interested in Jane while Darcy was determined not to look

at Elizabeth when he suddenly noticed the stranger.

▪ Elizabeth saw Darcy and Wickham’s faces at the moment they caught sight of each

other. Both changed color; one white and the other red. That made Elizabeth curious

to know more about that situation.

❖ During the Philips’ supper, Mr. Wickham discussed why Mr. Darcy hated

him in a way that increased Elizabeth’s feeling of hatred towards the latter.

▪ The next evening, the Bennet sisters, Mr. Collins and Mr. Wickham were invited to a

supper party at the Philips’ residence.

▪ That evening, Mr. Wickham was the lucky man towards whom almost every female eye

turned, and Elizabeth was the lucky girl beside whom he took his seat.

▪ Part of their conversation was about Mr. Darcy and their cold meeting that took place

the day before. On asking her if she knew Mr. Darcy well, Elizabeth replied that she

considered him very disagreeable especially when she spent four days in the same


house with him in Netherfield during Jane’s illness. She also expressed how he wasn’t

liked at all in Hertfordshire; as everybody disgusted his pride.

▪ To that, Mr. Wickham said that he couldn’t pretend to be sorry for Mr. Darcy, which

proved his great hatred towards him. He also assured that this didn’t normally

happen; as people were normally blinded by his fortune and importance, or frightened

by his proud behaviour.

▪ Mr. Wickham asked Elizabeth if Mr. Darcy was likely to stay in Netherfield much

longer. When she answered that she didn’t know, she asked him if that would stop him

from being an officer in the regiment in Meryton, he absolutely denied such a thing,

assuring that if Mr. Darcy wished to avoid seeing him, he must have gone. He added

that Mr. Darcy had behaved wickedly towards him.

▪ Just then, he started narrating to Elizabeth his history with Darcy which started when

they both were children and grew up together at Pemberley, where the late Mr.

Wickham (Wickham’s father) took care of the Pemberley farms and was greatly

appreciated as a close friend by the late Mr. Darcy (Darcy’s father) who promised to

provide for Wickham.

▪ Mr. Darcy’s father intended to give Mr. Wickham the post of a rector in Pemberley.

Mr. Darcy’s father did not state his wish in writing, but Mr. Darcy chose to treat it as a

recommendation only. Mr. Wickham assured that he had done nothing to deserve to

lose the post. He added that Mr. Darcy was jealous of his father’s affection for Mr.

Wickham which annoyed Mr. Darcy and that’s why he hated Mr. Wickham.

▪ On Elizabeth’s inquiry about Miss Darcy, Wickham described her as a handsome girl

of about fifteen or sixteen, extremely accomplished; though she was like her brother -

“very, very proud”.

▪ Elizabeth wondered how would an agreeable man as Mr. Bingley be friend to a

wicked, unjust, inhuman person as Mr. Darcy.


▪ By chance, Mr. Wickham heard Mr. Collins speaking to Mrs. Philips about his patron;

Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Mr. Wickham asked Elizabeth if she had any idea that

Lady Catherine de Bourgh was Mr. Darcy's wealthy aunt who was planning to marry

him to her daughter Anne. To that information, Elizabeth thought of poor Miss

Bingley with her efforts to attract Mr. Darcy, which might have been all be in vain.

❖ Jane always proved to be ready to see the good side of people’s

characters.

▪ The following morning Elizabeth discussed all that with Jane who as usual couldn’t

believe that Mr. Darcy could so little deserve Mr. Bingley’s friendship. At the same

time, she didn’t want to doubt the truthfulness of Mr. Wickham.

▪ On that morning, the Bennets received an invitation form Mr. Bingley who had fixed

the date for the ball he promised to give at Netherfield.

▪ Mr. Collins took advantage of asking Elizabeth for the first two dances. She was rather

annoyed as she wished Wickham would ask her for those dances. Dancing with Mr.

Collins wasn’t the only matter that annoyed Elizabeth, but also the fact that Mr.

Collins complimented her more than any of her sisters which made her understand

that she had been chosen from among her sisters to be the rector of Hunsford’s wife.

▪ During Netherfield Park, Elizabeth discovered that Wickham had been invited to the

ball, but had been called away on business, which made her feel sure that Wickham

wanted to avoid meeting Darcy. Thus, she blamed Darcy for that.

▪ The first two dances, with Mr. Collins were painfully embarrassing, as her cousin had

no idea how to dance, and moved extremely awkwardly.

▪ Later, Mr. Darcy invited her to dance. Due to her astonishment for the sudden request,

she instantly agreed. While dancing, Elizabeth was ironic and sarcastic in her words

especially when she stated that both Mr. Darcy and herself were similar; both were

unsociable and unwilling to speak, unless they could impress the whole room.


▪ Mr. Darcy started recalling the day they met in Meryton, indirectly warning Elizabeth

from her new friend (Wickham) as he was well-known for being able to start

friendships easily but never kept them. To that Elizabeth replied that Wickham

certainly did lose Darcy’s friendship in a way that would cause him hardship all his life.

▪ Apart from Jane, Elizabeth was so embarrassed from all members of her family during

the ball.

(a) Mr. Collins insisted on introducing himself to Mr. Darcy, the nephew of his

respected patron, and was received very coldly.

(b) During supper, Mrs. Bennet was talking very loudly to Lady Lucas about her great

hopes of Jane’s marriage to Bingley. The embarrassment was when Elizabeth noticed

that the Bingley sisters and Mr. Darcy were able to hear her mother's words.

(c) Finally, when some music was required, Mary Bennet went confidently to the piano,

sang and played several songs, all rather badly.

▪ After the ball, it seemed that the only one who was extremely pleased was Mrs. Bennet,

as she was feeling very satisfied, convinced that in three or four months Jane would be

married to Bingley and Elizabeth (who was her least favorite daughter) to Collins.

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❖ Questions:

1) Elizabeth felt sorry in a sarcastic way for Caroline. Discuss.

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2) Describe Miss Darcy according to Mr. Wickham.

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3) Comment: “What an honor for me to dance with Mr. Darcy!”

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4) Elizabeth was so much annoyed due to many bothering incidents that took place in the

dancing ball held at Netherfield. Elaborate.

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Chapter Five

Mr. Collins proposes twice

▪ The next day at Longbourn, soon after breakfast, Mr. Collins asked for permission to

speak in private with Elizabeth. It was so obvious that he was about to propose to her,

that she didn’t want to stay but, he was determined to listen and reply politely.

❖ Mr. Collinsstated his reasons for marriage:

First, it’s right for a priest to marry as an example.

Secondly, he believed marriage would add greatly to his happiness.

Thirdly, Lady Cathe rine gave him the order to look for an “active, useful sort of

person”.

▪ As for choosing a wife from among his Bennet cousins, he claimed that the reason

behind that was to lessen the loss to the family when the sad event of their father’s

death would take place.

Obviously, the true hidden reason behind choosing from his Bennet cousins was that a

silly shallow character such as that of Mr. Collins wouldn’t easily find any woman

who would accept marrying him.

However, the unjust English law of inheritance made him in a powerful situation in

front of the Bennets which might have tempted the chosen girl to accept him as a

husband for the sake of her family’s future.

▪ Mr. Collins provoked Elizabeth while proposing in different ways. He first, mentioned

that he never minded bringing little money with her into their marriage promising her

that he wouldn’t make reference to that point after their marriage.

▪ Elizabeth tried to stop him in order to explain her refusal of his proposal and that she

wouldn’t ever accept marrying him. The first time Elizabeth expressed her refusal,

Collins thought she might have refused his proposal as young ladies did not accept a


proposal of marriage from the first time. However, each time Elizabeth tried to clarify

her refusal, Mr. Collins repeated the same phrase.

Mr. Collins showed self- deceit:

▪ By the end of their conversation, Mr. Collins showed how self-deceiving he was that he

even tended to insult Elizabeth throughout his speech about his self-importance;

namely when he said,” My situation in life, my connections with the De Bourgh family,

and my relationship to your own, all make my proposal a suitable one.” He wasn’t

satisfied by only mentioning how important he thought he was, but also by the

ridiculous remark of being certain that in spite all of Elizabeth’s admirable qualities,

she wouldn’t be able to receive any other offer of marriage as she had very little money

of her own.

▪ On knowing her daughter’s refusal, Mrs. Bennet hurried to get assistance from Mr.

Bennet to convince Elizabeth to accept Mr. Collins’ proposal. Nevertheless, to their

surprise, Mr. Bennet’s reaction was unexpected to both. He told Elizabeth that he knew

that Mr. Collins had proposed to marry her and that she refused marrying him, as well

as that her mother insisted on her acceptance or she would never see her again. He

informed her that she had an unhappy choice to make; as her mother would never see

her again if she didn’t marry Mr. Collins, and he wouldn’t see her again if she did.

▪ This was how the mocking of Mr. Bennet saved his daughter indirectly

from marrying the silly Mr. Collins. Meanwhile, Mrs. Bennet kept being annoyed at

Elizabeth and complained to her dearest neighbour (Lady Lucas) of what Elizabeth

had done. However, at the end, Mrs. Bennet was obliged to accept the fact.

▪ As for Mr. Collins, he later transferred his speeches to Charlotte Lucas, who

apparently took on herself the trouble of listening to him, for which the Bennets were

very grateful.


▪ Caroline Bingley had sent the following day a letter to Jane informing her that the

whole party was leaving Netherfield on their way back to London for the whole winter

claiming that they missed Georgiana (Mr. Darcy’s younger sister) whom Caroline

wished to be one of the Bingleys by marrying her to Mr. Bingley.

▪ Again, Jane proved to see the good in everybody:

▪ After reading Caroline’s letter, Jane believed that Caroline was indirectly trying to

warn her that Mr. Bingley was indifferent towards her so as not to expect much from

him as he was likely to marry someone else soon.

▪ On the contrary, Elizabeth saw that Mr. Bingley was totally in love with Jane and that

Caroline mentioned Georgiana in the letter only because Caroline wanted her brother

to marry Mr. Darcy’s sister. Thus, it was all set to separate between Bingley and Jane

by Caroline.

▪ The second proposal:

▪ As for Charlotte, who seemed to take on herself the burden of listening to Mr. Collins

every time she met the Bennets, her kindness had a particular aim which either

Elizabeth nor the rest of the Bennets were aware of.

Her plan was to encourage Mr. Collins to transfer his attention to herself. In fact her

plan succeeded, for Mr. Collins did propose to her and she instantly agreed to marry

him when he proposed to her.

▪ Charlotte Lucas had more than one reason to accept marrying Mr. Collins; who

was neither sensible nor agreeable, but would still be a good husband. Charlotte was

27, and lacking beauty, she felt that she was lucky to find a husband at all. She

hadnever thought highly of men or marriage, but always intended to marry. Although

she had never thought of marriage as the gate of happiness, it was the only honourable

way in which a well-educated woman with little income could provide a home for

herself.


▪ After accepting Collins' proposal of marriage, Charlotte decided to go to Longbourn to

tell Elizabeth the news herself. Elizabeth was shocked at first but then she tried hard to

understand.

▪ As for the rest of the Bennet family, they were also astonished at first:

Mrs. Bennet was quite horrified and couldn’t stop complaining bitterly about

Charlotte wickedness, Collins’s stupidity and Elizabeth’s obstinacy.

Mr. Bennet was satisfied to discover that Charlotte, whom he considered to be sensible,

turned out to be as foolish as his wife and more foolish than his daughters.

▪ A second letter arrived from Caroline Bingley to Jane informing her that the

Bingleys had finally decided to stay in London for the whole winter and that Georgiana

had been a frequent member of their circle; that Caroline was looking forward to her

brother’s probable marriage to Miss Darcy.

▪ That letter finalized Jane’s hopes of marrying Mr. Bingley. Nevertheless, although

she was deeply upset, she bravely tried to control her feelings.

▪ As for Elizabeth, she believed that Mr. Bingley may not have intended to hurt Jane, but

his weak and indecisive character was behind their misery.

Questions:

1. Mr. Collins proposed twice. Illustrate

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2. Charlotte Lucas had more than one reason that made Mr. Collins’s proposal of

marriage hard to reject. Illustrate.

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3. Caroline Bingley used every available means to separate between Jane and

Bingley. Elaborate.

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Chapter Six

Elizabeth visits Mr. and Mrs. Collins

▪ Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner visited the Bennets.

Mr. Gardiner was a sensible, well-married, agreeable gentleman-like man. He

owned several shops in Cheapside in London.

Mrs. Gardiner, his wife, was several years younger than Mrs. Bennet and Mrs.

Philips. She was a pleasant, intelligent, elegant woman and a great favourite of her

Longbourn nieces; especially the two eldest who often stayed with her in London.

▪ Mrs. Bennet started complaining about having two of her daughters who were just

about to get married when suddenly everything went wrong.

She mentioned that Jane had nothing to do with her failure. Yet, she blamed

Elizabeth for her obstinacy.

▪ Mrs. Gardiner had a private conversation with Elizabeth who explained her reasons

for refusing Mr. Collins’s proposal of marriage.

▪ Mrs. Gardiner noticed Elizabeth’s attraction towards Mr. Wickham and warned her

not to get involved with a ‘penniless’ young man so as not to disappoint her father.

▪ Mrs. Gardiner and Elizabeth discussed Jane’s broken heart and proposed a trip to

London for her as to change atmosphere and help her to overcome her

disappointment.

▪ Mr. Collins married Charlotte Lucas and both invited Elizabeth to accompany Sir

Lucas and Maria to visit their rectory.

▪ Elizabeth received letters from London written by Jane and Mrs. Gardiner.

▪ Elizabeth replied to Mrs. Gardiner comforting her that Mr. Wickham shifted his

affection to Miss King who had recently inherited money. She expressed that it was


Wickham’s right to look for his own financial benefit as she knew that she couldn’t

financially attract a man in Wickham’s conditions.

▪ Elizabeth visited Mr. and Mrs. Collins in Hunsford and had the opportunity of

meeting and being in the company of Lady Catherine de Bourgh.

▪ Elizabeth met Mr. Darcy and Colonel Fitzwilliam in Rosings.

▪ Lady Catherine had a very insensitive conversation with Elizabeth; the result of

which embarrassed both Elizabeth and Darcy.

▪ Elizabeth observed both Darcy and Anne to discover if there were any mutual

feelings between the couple. But she found out that neither of them loved the other.

Questions:

1) Lady Catherine was as much embarrassing as Mrs. Bennet. Illustrate.

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2) Elizabeth saw the good in Wickham even when he directed his affections to Miss

King. Elaborate.

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3) “You intend to frighten me.” Comment referring to the prejudiced tone of the

speaker.

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Romanticism:

Romanticism is a literary movement which started in England in the 18th century.

Romantic poetry has some characteristics which are found in the works of romantic

poets.

Subjective attitude:

It means they see the world through their own points of view. They express their own

feelings and thoughts and write about their personal experiences.

Excessive emotions:

They celebrate their strong feelings and emotions (negative or positive). They favour

emotions to mind.

Tranquility:

They prefer to mediate on the different aspects of nature in an atmosphere of calmness

and peace.

Thinking about the past:

They always look back on the past to express how they miss the beauty of the days that

had passed.

Love for nature:

They focus on the relationship between man and nature because they consider nature the

source of purity and happiness.

High imagination:

They write using a very imaginative language giving themselves the freedom of expression

away from the strict rules of writing.

Informality:

They rebelled against classical poetry, so they don't use the regular forms or rhythms.

Loneliness:

Their poetry is full of the feelings of loneliness and sadness. They feel like strangers in the

modern world.


Simplicity:

Their language is very simple, which can be understood by everyone. They write for

common people like farmers, Shepherds…etc.

The country life:

They praise the life of the country people and the simple peasants who are free from the

complexity of the modern life of the city.

The main romantic poets:

1. William Blake

2. William Wordsworth

3. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

4. Lord Byron

5. Percy Bysshe Shelley

6. John Keats



Bed in summer By: Robert Louis Stevenson

(1850-1894)

In winter I get up at night

And dress by yellow candle-light.

In summer, quite the other way

I have to go to bed by day

I have to go to bed and see

The birds still hopping on the tree,

Or hear the grown-up people’s feet

Still going past me in the street

And does it not seem hard to you,

When all the sky is clear and blue,

And I should like so much to play,

To have to go to bed by day


The theme

The poet is writing through the eyes of a child. The poem has some interesting

facts about England. In the winter months, around Christmas, it is dark until

about 8 o’clock in the morning, before which the poet as a school boy has to

wake at six, when it is still dark. In the summer months, June to September, it is

light until about 9 o’clock at night. The poet as a child, had to go to bed early at

seven, while people were still walking in the streets.

The First Stanza: The child in the poem is contrasting the morning in winter to

the night in summer. In winter, in spite of the coldness and darkness, he wakes

up and moves around in the candle light. In summer, in spite of the good

weather and daylight, he has to sleep.

The Second Stanza: In summer, the birds are singing and people are moving in

the streets, yet the child has to go to bed.

The Third Stanza: In summer again, the child finds it hard to go to bed when the

weather is so good and the sky is so blue. For him it is time to play not to go to

bed.

Commentary:

The poem consists of three stanzas , each consist of four lines.

The rhyme scheme is the same in the three stanzas aabb, ccdd, eeaa.

The poet focuses on the difference between light and day - dark and night.

Figures of speech:

Contrast:

Winter X Summer

Night X Day

Get up X Go to sleep

It is used to show and emphasize the meaning.


Questions:

Answer the following questions:

1-The childhood memories of the poet were the main motive behind writing this poem.

Discuss

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The poet shed light on the contrast between day life and night life. Discuss with

reference to the weather conditions during which he spent his childhood years.

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3-Recite the lines that refer to the following meaning:

"In summer again, it's hard to go to bed when the weather is so good and the sky is so

blue. For me it is time to play not to go to bed".

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What is the mood felt throughout the poem?

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5- What are the figures of speech in the poem? And what are their main functions?

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6- Comment on the structure and the rhyme scheme of the poem.

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Night By: William Blake (1757 – 1827)

Thesun descending in the west,

The evening star does shine;

The birds are silent in their nest,

And I must seek for mine.

The moon, like a flower

In heaven’s high bower,

With silent delight,

Sits and smiles on the night.


William Blake

William Blake was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. His paintings and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement.

Paraphrase

The poem begins with the poet’s description of the coming of night. The sun is still going

down, and the first star of the evening becomes visible in the evening sky. The birds,

which flew and sang during the day, are now quiet in their nests. The poet also knows that

it is time to go home, which is his “nest”. The moon is compared to a flower, which is up in

a sheltered garden in heaven. The moon seems to be happy, and quietly smiles down on

the earth at night.

Writing Techniques/Literary devices

A-Figures of Speech:

1- “ And I must seek mine”: Metaphor

The poet speaks about his bed, his home, as a nest.

2- “ The moon, like a flower.” : Simile

The moon is said to look like a flower. It is a simile because the poet uses “like”

3- “Sits and smiles on the night.” : Personification

The moon is described as a person sitting and smiling.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_movement


B-Sound Effects:

1- “Sits and smiles on the night.”: Alliteration

The repetition of the “s” sound in “sits” and “smiles” creates inner music.

Commentary

The form is two stanzas of four lines. The rhyme scheme is ab ab cc dd.

Blake was a romantic poet who liked to describe and glorify the elements of

nature.

The poem, as part of children poems, uses easy simple language.

The alliteration of the “s” sound and the simple rhyme scheme create music.

❖ Questions

1) The title of any poem is the main key to understand its meaning:

Do you think it was a good choice of William Blake to choose such a title? If not what

would be your title?

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2) What feelings does the word "night" bring to your mind while reading the poem? Did

the poet use it in a positive or a negative mood?

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3) Mention the main figures of speech which you consider very effective in conveying the

message of the poet?

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4) What is the rhyme scheme of the poem?

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Documents

2nd Prep. Literature Booklet 1st Term