Freiheit

The German Idea of Freedom

Outline1. Leonard Krieger

2. Theology3. The Reformation

4. Supplementary Texts• Fall of the Wall: Berlin, Leipzig

5. Conclusion

Leonard Krieger

Intellectual Historian

1957: German Idea of Freedom

Sonderweg Obedient

German Colonel Klink, Ho

gan’s Heroes Spiritual German What is

Freedom?

Student Learning Objectives

1. Familiarity with the variety of German Freedom Fighters

2. Test Krieger’s Hypothesis3. Be able to identify the operation of different

concepts of freedom in texts, images, music4. Be able to analyze the implications of this

debate for German studies5. Begin to take positions in the debate about

“where Germany went wrong”

Theology

Papal Supremacy

Theology

Sin and Grace

Treasury of Merit

Indugence

Theology &

Politics

Church Authority

Absolve Sin Abuse?

Martin Luther1483-1546, Saxony

Theologian, Monk, PreacherAbusive Father

Fear for own salvationStorm

95 Theses Wittenberg, 1517 Cannot purchase salvation Authority: Bible Subsequent Events: Aug 1518, Imperial diet of Augsburg,

Cardinal Cajetan 1519, Leipzig, disputation 1520, Papal Bull, Exsurge Domine

Nov. 1520: 3 Pamphlets Address to the

Christian Nobility of the German Nation

On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church

On the Freedom of a Christian Person

Diet of Worms

1521: Excommunication Elector of Saxony

Frederick III 1525: Peasant Wars

Supplementary Texts

• The CH• The Third Reich

• The DDR• The BRD

• Fall of the Wall: Berlin, Leipzig

Medieval Europe

Swiss Confederacy (CH)

Lake Lucerne

Bundesbrief

Rütlischwur

The Third Reich

Treaty of Versailles

The Third Reich

Nazi Movement

The Third Reich

Antisemitism

The Third Reich

Anti-Communism

Cold War Germany

Resurrection from the

Ruins 1949: DDR Poet: Johannes

Becher Music: Hans Eichler

From the ruins risen newly,to the future turned, we stand.Let us serve your good will truly,Germany, our fatherland.Triumph over bygone sorrow,can in unity be won.For we shall attain a morrow,when over our Germany,there is radiant sun,there is radiant sun.

May both peace and joy inspire,Germany, our fatherland.Peace is all the world’s desire,to the peoples lend your hand.In fraternity united,we shall crush the people’s foe.Let all paths by peace be lighted,that no mother shall againmourn her son in woe,mourn her son in woe.

…

Cold War Germany

Rudi Dutschke

Born in DDR Refused to join Army Fled to BRD 1961 Leader of Sozialistischer

Deutscher Studentenbund Anti-Vietnam Anti-American: Cold War

(Wall?) More democracy:

universities, police, parents

Benno Ohnesorge 1967: Shah of Iran Police

Overreacted to student protests

Karl-Heinz Kurras

How Change? Rote Armee

Faktion: Bomb and Kidnap Capitalists 

« Long March Through the Institutions »

Text Dutschke: 1968/79

Monday Demonstrations

1989: meetings to discuss ways to reform the DDR

Churches: Nikolaichurch in Leipzig

Marched

Memorials

Memorials

Tilo Schultz

Student Learning Objectives

1. Familiarity with the variety of German Freedom Fighters

2. Test Krieger’s Hypothesis3. Be able to identify the operation of different

concepts of freedom in texts, images, music4. Be able to analyze the implications of this

debate for German studies5. Begin to take positions in the debate about

“where Germany went wrong”

ConclusionWhat Question for Midterm?