Early Philippine SocietyPart 1

Where we lived

Early religion

1) “animalistic”

2) catalonan or baylan

3) Bathala

4) diwata

Politics and Social Stratification

Datu 1) the title of the leader of a

group of people

2) the title is non-hereditary, based on

the prowess of the leader

3) datus were usually polyglots, wore gold, fine silk, wore many tattoos

Politics and Social Stratification

Timawa (Visayas)

1) warrior-supporters, usually related to the datu

Tao

1) common people

- political communities defined by personal relationships rather than territorial boundaries

Trading with our neighbors

Boat building

1)Earliest relic dated to 320 AD

2)Found in Butuan

3)relics point to an active maritime travel and trade

A recreated balanghay interior

Some items traded

1) Chinese ceramics and other earthenware

2) glass beads and glass ware

3) silk, cotton and other textiles

4) gold, silver and other metals

5) camphor, musk, ivory and other forest products

6) pearls, gems

7) spices

Butuan ivory seal 1002 AD

Trading with our neighbors

1) Evidence of Tang Dynasty (618-907) Chinese currency, ceramics in Ilocos, Sulu Archipelago

2) Ma-I (probably Mindoro) identified as paying tribute to Sung Dynasty China in 982 AD

3) Record of Butuan paying tribute to China in 1001 AD

Laguna Copperplate Inscription

“Hail! In the Saka-year 822 (900AD) in the month of March-April, in the 4th day of the dark half of the moon, on Monday, Lady Angkatan together with her relative, Bukah, the child of His Honor Namwran, was given, as a special favor, a document of full acquittal by Jayadewa, Chief and Commander of Tundun, to the effect that His Honor Namwran was totally cleared of a debt to the amount of 1 kati and 8 suwarna, in the presence of His Honor Kasumuran, the leader of Puliran; His Honor Ganasakti, the leader of Pailah; and His Honor Bisruta, the Leader of Binwangan. And on orders of the Chief Dewata, representing the Chief of Mdang: because of his loyalty as a subject of the Chief, all the descendants of His Honor Namwran have been cleared of the whole debt that His Honor owed the Chief Dewata. This document is issued in case there is someone, whosoever, some time in the future who will state that the debt is not yet acquitted of His Honor….”

Translation by: Anton Postma

Groups from

the Cordilleras

The Cordillera Administrative Region

Major ethno-linguistic groups

1)Ifugao

2)Isneg

3)Kalinga

4)Kankaney

5)Tinggian

6)Ibaloi

7)Bontok

The Rice Terracesaround 2000 years old

1) Agriculture was the main source of livelihood.

2) Rice was a highly valuable commodity.

The bulol

1) Usually made in pairs

2) Guarded houses or rice granaries

3) Usually carved out of narra wood

4) They come in a variety of poses, male and female

5) Usually used in a variety of ceremonies

Representative houses

Representative houses

Representative houses

Kalinga finaryon octagonal house

A typical Kalinga house

Ifugao bale-style house

Ifugao hagabi

1) a bench denoting the high prestige of its owner

2) carved out of a single tree

3) each step of the carving process is accompanied with feasting

Everyday activities and chores were done outside the house

Traditional Ifugao death ritual

Sagada hanging coffins

Ifugao house with prestige decor

A fawi in Bontok

Weaving

Gaddang loincloth with

beadwork

Gaddang skirt

Beads were valuable trading goods in older times

Gaddang woman’s sash

Ifugao blanket with crocodile pattern

Ifugao burial blanketwith mortar, man and snake motif

Kalinga tapis with beads and mother-of-pearl decor

Itneg binakol cloth

Itneg binakol cloth

Different kinds of traditional backpacks called pasiking

A tattooed Bontok man

A Kalinga man with traditional tattoos

Ling-ling-o ornaments