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3-D crustal structure using seismic waves P and S (SimulpPS)
CNRST – MARWANMorocco
Youssef Timoulali
CNRST
EUMEDGRID-Support / CHAIN/ EPIKH Workshop Rabat 16 June 2011
,
There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves..
body waves
Types of Seismic Waves
P wave or primary wave (compressional waves)
S wave or secondary wave
Seismic wave modelisation from source to seismic station
The body wave travel time T from an earthquake i to a seismic station j is expressed using ray theory as a path integral
receiver
source
udsTij
Where u is the slowness field ds is an element of path length(u=1/V où V vitesse locale)
(1) Tijitij
τi : origin time tij : arrived time (from station)
(2)
Receiver (Location)Observed and arrived times
The source coordinates (x1,x2,x3)Origin timesRay pathSlowness field
Only known
Unknown (Model parameters)
The arrival time tij obs are mesured at a station of network
The calculated arrival times tij cal are determined from equation (1) and (2) using trial hypocenters , origin times and an initial model of the seismic velocity Structure ( the priori information).
Model parameters
rij positif Low velocity rij negatif high velocity
The misfit between observed and predicted (calculated) arrival times are the residuals rij
rij = tij obs –tij cal
The residual can be related to desired perturbations to the Hypocenter and velocity structure parameters by linear approximation
(3)
* To improve the estimation of model parameters (structure and hypocenters) by perturbing them.
* The perturbation is used to minimize some measure of misfit data.
* This generally require an iterative scheme for solution..
Goal of local earthquake tomography
Tomo= section
Graphy = image
Computaion of travel time and ray path
It is essential to compute travel time and ray path in a heterogeneous earth model quicly and accurately.
Two approximately tracing techniques developped by thurber works well when epicentral distance are shorter than 50km:
ART : Approxiate Ray Tracing (Thurber 1983)
CHT : Pseudo-bending method, designed to perturb an ART path closer to the true ray path.
Methodology
Approximate Ray tracing (ART)
Adopt a brut force approach to finding the minimum time ray path.
A large set of smooth curves connecting the soucre and receiver are constructed using an efficient but somewhat arbitrary scheme
The travel time along each curve is calculated numerically,The estimated true path obtained by computed travel times is presneted by « fastest » curve.
The pseudo-bending (CHT) method
Takes a geometric approach to estimation of the true ray path.
This permits a given ray path estimate to have a curvature which varies along the ray, as well as allowing the path to deviate from a single plan.
Inverse problem
* Optimisation to found the cruste structure
* The inversion alow to construct the near true structure from physiquedata
Type = "Job";JobType = "Normal";Executable = "simulps.exe";StdOutput = "simul.out";StdError = "simul.err";InputSandbox = {"simulps.exe","CNTL","EQKS","MOD","STNS"};OutputSandbox = {"simul.err","output","nodes.out","resol.out","f24","velomod.out","hypo71list","f28","itersum"};Arguments = "-f";ShallowRetryCount = 3;
#Requirements = other.GlueCEUniqueId == "ce1.cnrst.magrid.ma:8443/cream-pbs-eumed"
Job.JDL
Grid computation
3-D computation result
West Alboran Sea crust structure
Total earthquake = 5972Observation total =110176 P obs = 58774, S obs = 51402
PC/WindowsComputation began at 14:47:01Computation finished at 17:43:37
Linux/ GridComputation began at 13-Jun-11 14:01:19Computation finished at 13-Jun-11 14:33:33