DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Acute coronary syndromes: a national clinical guideline. Eidenburgh: SIGN, 2007.

2. Trisnohadi HB. Angina pektoris tak stabil. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata M, Setiati S, dkk, editor. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam. Edisi IV. Jakarta. Pusat Penerbitan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2006; 1606-10

3. Williams D, Riley RS, Tidwell A. Laboratory monitoring of direct thrombin inhibitor. Virginia Commenwealth University, 2006 htpp://www.pathology.vcu.edu/clinical/coag/DTI.pdf. (Diakses 2 Juni 2011)

4. Grech ED, Ramsdale DR. ABC of interventional cardiology acute coronary syndrome: unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. BMJ, 2003; 326: 1259-61

5. Masud SP, Mackenzie R. Acute coronary syndrome. J R Army Med Corps, 2004; 150: 119-26

6. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al: ACC/AHA 2002. Guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction-Summary article: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002; 40:1893-900

7. Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, et al: From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: A call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part I. Circulation, 2003; 108:1772-8

8. Mohler ER, Shcafer AI. Chapter 135. Principles of antithrombotic therapy. In Lichtman MA, Beutler E, Kipps TJ, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 8th ed, 2010. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2138678. (Diakses 20 Juli 2011)

9. Atmakuri SR, Kleiman NS. Unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation Myocardial infarction (acute coronary syndromes). In: Topol EJ, editor. Acute coronary syndromes. 3th edition. Ohio, USA, 2005: 471-84

33

10. Ramana RK, Lewis BE. Percutaneous coronary interention in patiens with acute coronary syndrome: focus on bivalirudin. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2008; 4(3): 493-505

11. Nisio MD, Middeldorp SM, Buller HR. Drug therapy direct thrombin inhibitors. The New England Journal of Medicine, 2005; 353:1028-40

12. Wikipedia. Anticoagulant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant. (akses 5 agustus 2011)

13. Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, Bussey H, Jacobson A, Hylek E. The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2004; 126: 204–33

14. Choueiri T, Deitcher SR. Why shouldn`t we use warfarin alone to treat acute venous thrombosis?. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2002; 69: 546-8

15. Francis CW, Kaplan KL . Chapter 23. Principles of Antithrombotic Therapy. In Lichtman MA, Beutler E, Kipps TJ, et al. Williams Hematology, 8th ed, 2010. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2138678. (Diakses 20 Juli 2011)

16. Bergqvist D, Agnelli G, Cohen AT, et al. (2002). Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 346, 2002; (13): 975–80

17. Chuang YJ, Swanson R. et al. Heparin enhances the specificity of antithrombin for thrombin and factor Xa independent of the reactive center loop sequence. Evidence for an exosite determinant of factor Xa specificity in heparin-activated antithrombin. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 2001 (18): 14961–71

18. Weitz JI, Weitz, Jeffrey I. (1997). Low-molecular-weight heparins. N Engl J Med 337, 1997 (10): 688–98

19. Wang SS. New Blood-Thinner Recommended by FDA Panel. The Wall Street Journal. 2010. http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2010/09/20/new-blood-thinner-recommended-by-fda-panel/. (Diakses 7 Agustus 2011)

20. Frenkel EP, Shen YM, Haley BB. The direct thrombin inhibitors: their role and use for rational anticoagulation. Hemato/Oncology Clinics of North America, 2005; 19: 119-45

21. Rosencher. Ximelagatran, a new oral direct thrombin inhibitor, for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events in major elective orthopaedic

34

surgery. Efficacy, safety and anaesthetic consideration. Anaesthesia, 2004; 59: 803-10

22. Dahl OE. Biography of dabigatran etexilate for primaty prevention and treatment of venous tromboembolism. London: nowPharma Publishing; 2009.

23. Ryn JV, Stangier J, Haertter S, Liesenfeld KH, Wienen W, et all. Dabigatran etexilate – a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays andr reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 1116–27

24. Hoekstra JW. Direct thrombin inhibitor in non-ST-segmen elevation acute coronary syndromes. The Emergency Medicine Cardiac Research and Education Group. Cincinati, 2007

25. Ramana RK, Lewis BE. Percutaneous coronary interention in patiens with acute coronary syndrome: focus on bivalirudin. Vascular Health and Risk Management 2008; 4(3): 493-505

26. White HD, Stone GW. Safety and efficacy of crossover from enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin to bivalirudin: Results from ACUITY. Circulation 2006;114:551-62

27. Babuin L, Pengo V. argatroban in the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 2010; 6: 813-19

28. Kokolis S, Cavusoglu E, Clark LT, Marmur JD. Anticoagulation strategies for patiens undergoing percutaneous intervention: unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparins, and direct thrombin inhibitors. Cardiovascular Disease, 2004; 46: 506-23

29. Heit JA, Colwell CW, Francis CW, Ginsberg JS, Berkowitz SD, et all. Comparison of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran with enoxaparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement. Arch Intern Med, 2001; 161: 2215-21

30. Blech S, Ebner T, Ludwig-Schwellinger E, et al. The metabolism and disposition of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36:386–99

31. Connolly S, Ezekowitz D, Yusuf S, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine, 2009;361:1139–51

35

32. Eikelboom JW, Wallentin L, Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz M, et all. Risk of Bleeding With 2 Doses of Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin in Older and Younger Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Analysis of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy (RE-LY) Trial. Circulation, 2011;123:2363-72

33. Prescribing information. Argatroban. GlaxoSmithKline, 2009. http://us.gsk.com/products/assets/us_argatroban.pdf. (Diakses 6 Agustus 2011)

34. Ansel J. What happened to ximelagatran?. Clotcare online resources. http://www.clotcare.com/ximelagatran.aspx (Diakses 7 Agustus 2011)

35. Medscap News. Ximelagatran: an orally active direct thrombin inhibitor: adverse effects and safety. 2005. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/508337_8. (Diakses 7 Agustus 2011)

36. Medscap News. Bivalirudin : adverse effect. 2002. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/441285_7 (Diakses 7 Agustus 2011)

37. Lubenow N, Eichler P, Lietz T, Greinacher A. lepirudin in patiens with heparin-induce thrombocytopenia – results of the third prospective study (HAT-3) and a combined analysis of HAT-1, HAT-2, and HAT-3. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3: 2428–33

38. Medscape References. Desirudin – ipravask. http://reference.medscape.com/drug/iprivask-desirudin-999485#4 (Diakses 7 Agustus 2011)

36