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1
Operating Systems Basics of Operating Systems Definition of Operating Systems
OPERATING SYSTEMS
2
Recap
In the last class, you have learnt about
• History of Operating System
• Types of Computers
• Different types of Operating Systems
3
Objectives
On completion of this period, you would be able to know
• System Resources
• Types of Software
• Operating System viewed from User and System
perspective
• Goals of Operating System
• Definition of Operating System
4
System Resources
What is a resource?
• A resource, or system resource, is any physical or
virtual component of limited availability within a
computer system
• System resources include– Hardware
– Software
5
Components of a Computer System
A computer system can be divided into four components
• Hardware
• Operating System
• Application Programs
• Users
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User n
ComputerHardware
System and Application Programs
User 1 User 2 User 3
Operating System
Abstract View of a Computer System
7
Hardware
• Physical components of a computer system
Ex: - I/O devices, Memory devices, CPU etc.,
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Software
• Set of programs
Program: - A finite set of sequence of instructions
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Types of Software
• System Software
• Application Software
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System Software
It provides an interface between software and
hardware
• Operating System
• Assembler
• Compiler
• Interpreter
• Linker
• Loader etc.,
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Application Software
Designed to work on an operating system
MS-Office Suite
MS-Word
MS- Power point
MS-Excel
MS-Access
Databases
Utilities etc.,
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Operating System
• It is an important part of almost every computer
system
• It is easier to define an Operating System by what
it does than by what it is
• It provides an environment to other programs to
do useful work
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Design of Operating System
• User Point of View
• Computer System Point of View
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OS - User Point of View
• For ease of use
• To maximize resource utilization
• To compromise between usability and resource
utilization
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OS - System Point of View
• OS as a resource allocator
• OS as a manager of these resources
• OS as a controller of I/O devices and user
programs
• Operating system as a control program, which
manages the execution of user programs
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Goals of Operating System
• To provide
– convenience for the user
– Efficient operation of the computer system
• Operating system is a way to solve the problem
by providing a usable computing system
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Definition
• Operating system is a system software
• It coordinates between hardware and software
• It is an interface between hardware and software
• It controls and manages resources
• It executes programs on behalf of users
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Summary
• Components of computer system
– Hardware, Software, Users
• Hardware : Physical components
• Software : Set of programs
• Operating System goals: Ease of use, efficient
operation of the computer system
• OS is a system software, which coordinates, manages
and controls resources on behalf of users
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Frequently Asked Questions
1. List the components of a computer system
2. What should be the Operating System from user
and system point of view?
3. Define Operating System
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Quiz
1. Which is the System Software?
a. MS-WORD
b. MS-EXCEL
c. WINDOWS
d. MS-ACCESS
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2) Which one is not a system software?
a) Databases
b) Interpreter
c) Compiler
d) Assembler
Quiz
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22
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