3. JURNAL INTERNATIONAL PHILANTHROPY LANGUAGE.pdfsasing.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/CEK-PLAGIASI-3.pdfInternational Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 23565926

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International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356shy5926 Volume 2 Issue 2 EditorshyinshyChief DrHassen ZRIBA JulyshySeptember 2015 Volume 2 Issue 2 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcsPage 1 Editorial Board EditorshyinshyChief Managing Editor Dr Hassen Zriba Najoua Chalbi Emeritus ProfessorRalph Grillo University of Sussex UK Dr Syed Zamanat Abbas Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Saudi ArabiaProfessor Muhammad Asif Riphah International University Pakistan Dr Santosh Kumar Behera SidhoshyKanhoshyBirsha University India Professor Sadok Bouhlila Northern Borders University Saudi Arabia Dr PPrayer Elmo Raj Pachaiyappas College India Professor Pacha Malyadri Osmania University AndhraPradesh India Omid Akhavan Imam Ali University Iran Professor Shormishtha Panja University of DelhiIndia Loredana TerecshyVlad Ștefan cel Mare University Romania Professor Jason L Powell University ofChester UK Shama Adams Curtin University Australia Professor Ali H Raddaoui University of WyomingUSA Mansour Amini The Gulf College Oman Dr Mohamed ElshyKamel Bakari University of King AbdulazizSaudi Arabia Mohd AB Malek Bin MD Shah Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia Dr Solange Barros FederalUniversity of Mato Grosso Brazil Mark B Ulla Father Saturnino Urios University Philipinnes Dr SalahBelhassen University of Gafsa Tunisia Anouar Bennani University of Sfax Tunisia Dr Nodhar HammamiBen Fradj University of Kairouan Tunisia Shuv Raj Rana Bhat Central Department of English KirtipurKathmandu Nepal Dr Arbind Kumar Choudhary Rangachahi College Majuli Assam India Erika AshleyCouto University of Concordia Canada Dr Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi University of Shri Mata Vaishno DeviIndia Md Amir Hossain IBAIS University Bangladesh Dr Baliram Namdev Gaikwad University of MumbaiIndia Elvan Mutlu University of Kent UK Dr Abdullah Gharbavi Payame Noor University Iran Syed SUddinshyAhmed St Johns University USA Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFHUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 2 Dr AlSayed Mohamed Aly Ismail Bin Abdualziz University Saudi Arabia Mansour Amini The Gulf College OmanDr Nidhi Kesari University of Delhi India Nick J Sciullo Georgia State University USA Dr RaghvendraKumar LNCT Group of College Jabalpur India Nizar Zouidi University of Mannouba Tunisia Dr Salima LejriUniversity of Tunis Tunisia Logan Cochrane University of British Columbia Canada Dr Chuka Fred OnonyeAlvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Nigeria Shataw Naseri University of Shahid Beheshti in Iran DrMohammed Salah Bouomrani University of Gafsa Tunisia Manoj Kr Mukherjee Visva Bharati UniversitySantiniketan West Bengal India Dr Mahdi Zarai University of Gafsa Tunisia Javed Akhter University ofBalochistan Quetta Balochistan Pakistan Dr Anwar Tlili Kings College London UK Haron Bouras MohamedCherif Messadia University SoukshyAhras Algeria Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcsPage 3 Table of Contents Editorial7

1)

The Search for Identity in Online Chat

Nawal F Abbas University of Baghdad Iraq Rana H AlshyBahrani University of Baghdad Iraq8shy152)

Uses of Humour in an English Language Class

Shumaila Abdullah University of Baluchistan Quetta Pakistan Javed Akhter University of Balochistan QuettaPakistan16shy21 3)




















Meacutedeacutee dEuripide et dAnouilh

Ari Mohammed Abdulrahman University of Sulaimani Iraq22shy32 4)

Yoruba Traditional Education Philosophy in the Evolution of a Total Man

Ademakinwa Adebisi University of Lagos Nigeria33shy45 5)

Le Problegraveme Sociolinguistique Dans La Traduction Franccedilaise Des Romans De Fagunwa

Gbadegesin Olusegun Adegboye Ekiti State University AdoshyEkiti Nigeria46shy55 6)

The Choice of Diction as Empowerment for Marital Freedom A Study of Selected Divorce Registers in aNigerian Newspaper Harrison Adeniyi Lagos State University Nigeria O Rachael Bello Lagos StateUniversity Nigeria56shy69 7)

History the Historian and Historical Society of Nigeria 60 The Journey so far and the road ahead

Emmanuel Osewe Akubor Obafemi Awolowo University IleshyIfe Nigeria70shy86 8)

Que sait la litteacuterature

Nancy Ali CRLC shy Paris IV Sorbonne France87shy103 9)

Lideacutee de Dieu chez Ahmadou Kourouma et Calyxthe Beyala une eacutetude compareacutee

Ndongo Kamdem Alphonse University of Uyo Nigeria104shy118 10)

Philanthropy Language Construction

Iqbal Nurul Azhar University of Trunojoyo Madura Indonesia119shy129 11)

De la violence agrave la neacutevrose Parcours de la Tunisie reacutevolutionnaire ou leacutetat de lieu dun peuple deacutesillusionneacute

Dorra Barhoumi Universiteacute de Kairouan Tunisie130shy143 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 4 12)



















A Psychoanalytical Hermeneutics of John Keatss Verse Epistle To John Hamilton Reynolds through JuliaKristevas Theory of Semiotic vs Symbolic Orders

Farhat Ben Amor University of Kairouan Tunisia144shy163 13)

La communauteacute araboshymusulmane aux EtatsshyUnis entre recircve et reacutealiteacute

Lanouar Ben Hafsa Universiteacute de Tunis Tunisie164shy178 14)

PreshyColonial Security System in AkungbashyAkoko SouthshyWest Nigeria

Famoye Abiodun Daniels Adekunle Ajasin University Nigeria179shy191 15)

The Dynamics of Palm Kernels Marketing in Igala Area Nigeria 1920shy1956

Victor Chijioke Nwosumba Federal University NdufushyAlike Ikwo Ebonyi State Nigeria Abah Danladi BenueState University Makurdi Nigeria192shy205 16)

A study of the PortugueseshyBenin Trade Relations Ughoton as a Benin Port (1485 shy1506) Michael EdiagbonyaEkiti State University AdoshyEkiti Nigeria206shy221 17)

Decentering Globalization

Abdelaziz El Amrani ASCA University of Amsterdam Netherlands222shy232 18)

On the Issue of Ultimate Attainment in L2 Acquisition Theoretical and Empirical Views

Hosni Mostafa ElshyDali United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates233shy256 19)

Twins Similarities differences and individuality

Maria Garro University of Palermo Italy Alessandra Salerno University of Palermo Italy Federica CiramiUniversity of Palermo Italy257shy269 20)

Masculinity and Male Domination in DH Lawrences Lady Chatterleys lover

Abdelfattah Ali Ghazel Al Majmaah University Saudi Arabia270shy280 21)


















The Challenge of Resuscitating Interest in History in Contemporary Nigeria Schools New Approaches to theRescue Emorc C Emordi Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria Felix Ejukonemu Oghi SamuelAdegboyega University Ogwa Edo State Nigeria281shy291 22)

Vocabulary Learning Strategies of English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners a Literature Review

Prashneel Ravisan Goundar Fiji National University Fiji292shy301 23)

No No Trespassing

The cultural logic of property rights and their moot pleasures of denial

Mark Webster Hall Hankuk University of Foreign Studies South Korea302shy317 24)

The Development of Students Learning Achievements and Learning Behaviors through Participatory LearningMethod

Phatsaraphorn Khansakhorn Thepsatri Rajabhat University Takhli Campus Thailand RangsiphatYongyuttwichai Thepsatri Rajabhat University Takhli Campus Thailand318shy325 Volume 2 Issue 2September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 5 25)

Rhizomatic Mother Goddesses in North AfricaThe Great Mothers Resurrection in Sophie El Goullis HashtartAgrave la Naissance de Carthage

Insaf Kheacutemiri University of Sousse Tunisia326shy339 26)

Blurring Polyphonic Voices in Katherine Mansfields Short Story

The Singing Lesson

Nadia Konstantini University of Jendouba Tunisia340shy349 27)

Language and culture

Abdelfattah Mazari Mohammed Premier University Oujda Morocco Naoual Derraz Mohammed PremierUniversity Oujda Morocco350shy359



















28) Isolation in The Catcher in the Rye and A Woman on the Turret A Comparative Study

Ranji Shorsh Rauf Muhamad University of Sulaimani Iraq360shy367 29)

Style and Lexical Choices in TeachershyStudent Classroom Interaction

Chuka Fred Ononye Alvan Ikoku University Owerri Nigeria368shy381 30)

The Quandary of Eurocentric Truth and Prospect of Cultural Sensitivity Echoes from Richard Rorty

Modestus Nnamdi Onyeaghalaji University of Lagos Nigeria382shy392 31)

Masterpieces of Nouri Bouzid Between Conditioned Advent and Censorships Extinction

Feten Ridene Raissi ESACG Carthage University Tunisia393shy409

32) From Heresy in Religion to Heresy in Culture The Symbolic Power of the 15th Century SpanishInquisition The Case of the Arab Muslims (Moriscos)

Latifa Safoui Ibn Zohr University Agadir Morocco410shy428 33)

LEffet de Distanciation dans Le Pegravere Goriot de Balzac

Asso Ahmed Salih University of Sulaimani Iraq429shy439 34)

Cohesion in the Descriptive Writing of EFL Undergraduates

Wafa Ismail Saud King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia440shy450

35) The Backlash of 911 on Muslims in Mohsin Hamids The Reluctant Fundamentalist

Isam Shihada Al Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine451shy466 36)

An EthnoshyStatistical Analysis of Direct and Indirect Acts in Catchy HIVAIDS Campaign Messages in BeninMetropolis

Patience Obiageri SolomonshyEtefia University of Benin Nigeria Gerald Okechukwu Nweya University ofIbadan Nigeria467shy490

37) Drawing the Human Face of a Homeland A Reading of Khaled Hosseinis Novels The Kite Runner A














thousand Splendid Suns and And the Mountains Echoed

Rim Souissi University of Sousse Tunisia491shy498 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 6

38) Where There Is No Second Language The Problems Faced By International Tourists during the CalabarChristmas Festival

Gloria Mayen Umukoro University of Calabar Nigeria499shy519 39)

Connectivity between Diplomacy Foreign Policy and Global Politics

Stella Wasike Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kenya Susan N Kimokoti MasindeMuliro University of Science and Technology Kenya Violet Wekesa Eldoret UniversityKenya520shy526

40) Feminine versus Masculine The Dichotomies of Movement in Spanish Flamenco

Marta Wieczorek Zayed University United Arab Emirates527shy535 41)

Imperial Rivalry in South West Arabia before the First World War

Abdol Rauh Yaccob Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University UNISSADarussalam Brunei536shy546

42) Slavery and Orientalism in Balzacs La Fille aux yeux dor

Meng Yuqiu Capital Normal University China547shy556 43)

The History of Martiniquan Rum

Heacutelegravene Zamor University of The West Indies Barbados557shy568 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 7 Editorial Dear Colleagues and Readers I am so glad to present thesixth issue of the International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) With this issue the IJHCSenters its second year with more diligence and confidence This sixth issue includes different research articleson various topics in humanities linguistics and cultural studies both in English and French languages Thisreflects the multidisciplinary multilingual and interdisciplinary scope of the IJHCS This new issue includesworks of the research scholars from different countries such Barbados Brunei China Fiji France IndonesiaIraq Italy Kenya Morocco Netherlands Nigeria Pakistan Palestine Saudi Arabia South Korea ThailandTunisia and United Arab Emirates As usual I sincerely thank our respected authors for selecting the IJHCSour reviewers for reviewing the selected articles for this issue and the Administrative Board for its contribution tohelping the IJHCS achieve this success With Best Regards Dr Hassen Zriba EditorshyinshyChief The InternationalJournal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (IJHCS) Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcsPage 119 Philanthropy Language Construction Iqbal Nurul Azhar University of Trunojoyo Madura Indonesia





Abstract This paper proposes a theory theshysoshycalled philanthropy language theory through linguisticperspective Philanthropy language is defined in simple way as a language style that expresses love and care to others

There are two maxims of philanthropy languages namely maxim of proposition and maxim of affection Anexpression contains proposition maxim when its proposition point at six situations namely the propositionshows the feelings of love and affection the proposition puts the subject matter as a shared property theproposition puts the expression makerswriter and the listenersreaders in a brotherhood situation theproposition does not attack the others face the proposition introduces reformations yet the form of expressiondoes not violate maxim 1 2 3 and 4 and the proposition contributes something to others even though it is onlyin the form of an expectation An expression contains affection maxim when it carries three characteristics thatgive a feeling of comfort since it affects others to (1) agree with the proposition to act or react positive (2)follow proposition not to act or react negative and (3) not do anything to avoid negative attitude Philanthropylanguage utilizes some peculiar lexical markers such as love compassion peace prosperity comfort unitytruth equality friendship happiness unity we us all of us you and I and many others of languagephilanthropist Philanthropy language also has a unique syntactic rule that is it is better to immediately disobey syntactic rules rather than to say something cruel to others

Keywords philanthropy language maxims construction Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 120 Introduction This paper is inspired by my students emails whichdemand answers on a sort of Indonesian expression pattern which contains love affection and compassionThe examples of the expressions have already been published in my article (see Azhar 2008) Here is one ofthe examples Mari Kita Wujudkan Jawa Timur Yang Makmur Aman Tenteram Bersama (Manteb) Merdeka(Azhar 2008) (Let us realize East Java to be prosperous safe tranquility by doing it together (acronym)Freedom The emails were on inquiries related to on which linguistic field one could hold a discussion aboutthe pattern Having retraced some printed and electronic literature available in some libraries and eshylibraries Iencountered a fact that the pattern can be accommodated in a special terminology or a scope theshysoshycalled philanthropy

or namely the language style of philanthropy

It is so unique that Fusari (2006) considered it to have a power to humanize humans by banishing theirmisery and cultivating their love Although it has been set up the umbrella to accommodate the pattern there isa bit disappointment associated with the existing information in the literature This dissatisfaction arisesbecause of two things First existing information about philanthropy language are very inadequate and lesscomprehensive as they are only stated in articles of journals which of course less qualified to answer theinquiries which explicitly aim at theoretical answers Second the literature is not really connected to the topicsince it mostly deals with socialshyhumanitarian issues while the inquiries are demanding linguistic academicanswers Researchers studying the nature of philanthropy have been those of different disciplinarybackgrounds and correspondingly have attended to various aspects of philanthropy There have been anumber of valuable studies of philanthropy as by Bhativa (1997) Bhatiava (1998) Connor (1997) Connor andWagner (1998) Crismore (1997) Lauer (1997) Myers (1997) Payton Rosso and Paste (1991) Fusari (2005)Fusari (2006) and Amabile (2012) The studies portrayed philanthropy in many communities through discourseanalysis perspective However none of these photographed philanthropy within the scope of theoreticallinguistics All of them related languages in texts to philanthropic activities and aimed at social affairs whichwere about how to process language so as to generate donations for philanthropic purposes None of themstudied the languages independently One study that has little contact with linguistics is the study conducted byMcCagg (1997) which examined philanthropy through linguistics sphere This study was still not able to answerthe inquiries since it merely discussed the moral values of metaphors in the discourse of philanthropy Sincethere have been literally no report documenting studies on philanthropy through linguistics perspective (exceptby McCagg) attempts to disclose philanthropy through linguistics perspective are warranted Volume 2 Issue 2September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 121 Due to the time limitation to complete this article the writer







considers library study fits to all procedures which must be undergone before arriving at the theory ofphilanthropy language The data were philanthropy expressions which came from some particular scientificarticles about political campaign discourses Some of them were in the form of Jargons and some of themwere in slogans Since the type of this study was a library study the method of data collection was ContentAnalysis with the basic techniques was tapping and the further technique was recording (Kotari 2004) Theinstrument used to retrieve the data was the writer himself The method of data analysis was CorrelationMethod with SegmentedshyElementshyDeterminantshyTechnique The determinant elements were the discoursesSince there had never been a linguist who conducted researches on this topic the approach of this study wasBottom Up (grounded) which started from data and ended to a theory The data which had been collected andanalyzed at the end were formulated in the form of a proposal theory Discussion The Maxims of PhilanthropyLanguage Etymologically the word philanthropy was derived from the Greek word philos which means loveand anthropos which meant human The combination of the two words produced new meaning Love or to love human

In philosophical history philanthropy was closely linked to the spirit of human freedom It was believed as amanifestation of the story of the god Zeus tyranny who long time ago bind human in ignorance fear darknessand helplessness Then there came a good God named Prometheus who were willing to save mankind bygiving them fire and hope In the story of Prometheus resistance fire symbolized technology skills andknowledge while hope had always been associated with the spirit of improvement of the human condition Andthat was where the story of human civilization began It was originated from the love philanthropy

of Prometheus to human kinds (httpditpolkombappenasgoid) The word Philanthropy is often interpretedas an expression of love to other human beings

Websters Dictionary does not impose limits to the disclosure of love whether it is shown by sharing moneyor materials to others but rather it is works or efforts that are intended to increase the sense of love of neighborhood and of humanity

Philanthropy definition recently develops itself into two boundaries namely action and concept The firstboundary is still deeply entrenched in societies and can be viewed in a variety of containers of humanitarianmovements such as the Philantropic Will Company Duafa Wallet Zakat House BSMI (Indonesian RedCrescent) and so forth In this boundary philanthropy is interpreted as the acts of someone who loves donatinghisher wealth to hisher associates In everyday situation philanthropy is practiced as alms custodyparentingof orphans charity benevolence donation and other actions which have similar purposes Philanthropy in thisboundary is also interpreted as a Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFHUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 122 voluntary acts of transferring resources for the purpose of community or social charity which consist of two mainforms utilization of social grants and of social construction

The second boundary although it stills a minor flow is gradually increasing to appear along with the emergingof many discourses containing philanthropy This boundary shifts from the original form of philanthropy whichare actions into rather abstract (here we call it as a concept) which orients to goals of love and compassion for others

whether they are performed solely or in groups Since the second is in the form of concept it mostly behaveslike adjectives so that the word philanthropy can be attached to other words (nouns) to form new entities Thusbased on this new concept later we know some new terms such as philanthropy literature philanthropy artsphilanthropy drama philanthropy style philanthropy language and other kinds of philanthropy In the secondboundary we can see a fundamental shift from the original definition of philanthropy which deals with aconcrete action of groups of people or works for the sake of humanity into a broader area which is the conceptof love and individualgroup affection This definition also shifts retro on materialistically since philanthropy was


actually originated from the Greek definition of intangible abstract feeling of a Greek good God then turned intoconcrete activities to deliver tangible material given freely to others for a good cause then moves back againinto an abstract concept which is attached closely to nonspecific entries of language (nouns) Using thedefinition of philanthropy of the first boundary to discuss languages as indicated by the electronic mails isclearly not appropriate The first branch of philanthropy has no relation at all to the topic of the eshymails Here arefour factors that cause the topic of the eshymails cannot be put in the first boundary (1) The first branch is morelikely under the shade of social realm humanitarian and religious while the topic only focuses on the realm oflanguage (2) the first branch discusses concrete products that can be used for humanitarian purposeswhereas the topic discusses the language products that contain human love and compassion (3) the firstbranch discusses human actions while the topic discusses human expressions (4) the first branch discusseshow to empower people to be beneficial to others while the topic discusses how language can be empoweredso as to indicate the charge of love affection and compassion Philanthropy that we discuss in this article is thephilanthropy in the second boundary The definition of Philanthropy language that we use as a parameter ofdiscussions in this article is the style of language that shows expression of love for human beings

From the definition above we can see that the definition raises two maxims namely maxims of propositionand maxims of affection Philanthropy language contains particular information that is love compassion andgenerosity Although it has different sentence structures as long as the sentences contain the threepropositions above the sentences can be put in the category of philanthropy This is how the Maxim ofProposition appears There are six characteristics that distinguish philanthropy language with other types oflanguages based on the first maxim Those are the language must (1) show the feelings of love and affection(2) show the subject matter covered as a shared property (3) put the Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 123 makers and readers of a discourse in the same brotherhood (4)not attack the face of the others so that no philanthropy language hurts other feelings (5) add invitation toreform something but the invitation must not violate the solicitation of 1st 2nd 3rd and 4th character (6) givesomething to others even though it is only in the form of a hope The examples of discourses that containproposition maxim can be seen as follows Table 1 The Examples of Discourse that Contain the Maxim ofProposition N o The Example of Discourse (in bahasa Indonesia) English Translation 1 1 Mari kita wujudkanIndonesia yang mandiri dan sejahtera Rakyat harus terlepas dari belenggu penderitaan kemiskinan danketidakadilan tanpa membedakan suku ras dan golongan (Azhar 2009) Let us realize Indonesia as anindependent and prosperous country The people must be free from the shackles of misery poverty andinjustice regardless of ethnicity race and class (Azhar 2009) 1 2 Mari Berkarya Bersama Rakyat (Azhar2009) Let us produce something Together with the People (Azhar 2009) 1 3 Bersama Kita Bisa (Azhar 2009)Together We Can (Azhar 2009) The three data above are included in the category of philanthropy languagesince they contain proposition maxim Example 11 12 and 13 clearly show the love to others (as it is the 1stcharacteristic of the maxim of preposition) Example 11 shows the love to Indonesia and to the people whileexample 12 shows the love to work for the people and the love to always be together in doing something Thethree examples above posses the characteristic of maxim of proposition number 2 because Indonesia thepeople and togetherness are the topics that are commonly shared by group of people and not by an individualThe three examples above meet the 3rd characteristic due to the fact that the discourses invite the readers tobuild friendship not separation The three examples above also meet the characteristics number 4 becausethey do not attack others face and do not make others angry The three examples above meet thecharacteristics number 5 since they invite the readers to change the status quo in society yet the forms of theexpressions are not aggressive because they attack none The three examples above meet the characteristic ofmaxim of proposition number 6 because they give hope to others in the form of reformation and improvement inthe future The second maxim is the Maxim of Affection Affection in this context is defined as the response ofthe reader or the listener towards philanthropy discourse by feeling comfortable calm and happy There are atleast three characteristics within the scope of this maxim that readers respond to the discourses by (1)complying the proposition to apply positive attitudes (2) following Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 124 proposition not to apply negative attitude and (3) not doinganything to avoid negative and aggressive attitude As examples of the Maxim of Affection can be seen in thefollowing discourses Table 2 The Examples of Discourse that Contains Maxim of Affection N o The Exampleof Discourse (in bahasa Indonesia) English Translation 2 1 Menjelang pagi dan malam Tuhan membuka danmenutup jendela bumi kemudian TUHAN melihatku lalu bertanya Apa yang engkau inginkan Kemudianakupun menjawab SAYANGI orang yang membaca tulisan ini selamanya AMIN (Sulistyaningtyas 2009) Right






before dusk and dawn God opens and closes the window of the earth then the Lord sees me then He asksWhat do you want Then I answer give mercy to the people who read this writing forever AMEN 2 2Impianmu impianku impian kita Bersama (Sulistyaningtyas 2009) Your dream and my dream are our dreams 23 Bersih itu damai (Sulistyaningtyas 2009) Clean is peaceful The three discourses above are included ingroup of philanthropy language because they contain the maxim of affection Example 21 22 and 23 areclear to the reader that they give comfortable feeling Example 21 provides a comfortable feeling for the readersince the reader will feel that heshe is being loved by the maker of the discourse Example 22 provides acomfortable feeling to the reader because the readers are considered friends who have similar dreams by thediscourse makers Example 23 provides a comfortable feeling to the reader that although there is a weepshycleaning activity yet the activity is still in the corridors of peace Lexical and Structural peculiarities ofPhilanthropy Language Besides having maxims philanthropy language also has a tendency to form typical ofstatements and solicitations (whether affirmative or negative) However imperative or interrogative sentenceconstruction can also contain philanthropy as long as the proposition also characterizes philanthropyPhilanthropy language has lexical peculiarities The construction of philanthropy can not only be identifiedthrough the compliance of its maxims but also can be identified through its lexical choice Particular lexiconssuch as love compassion peace prosperity friendship unity truth equality friendship happiness prosperityunity for human for peace equality and many others are the markers of philanthropy language Additionallypronouns such as us all of us you and I are also encountered in the construction of philanthropic languageVolume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIESISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 125 The structure of philanthropy language also hasa specific feature in it that is the structure may violate grammar rules to avoid saying something cruel to others as it is suggestible

As an example of the typical philanthropy structure of a style language can be seen as follows Tabel 3 TheExamples of Discourse that Contains Philanthropy Maxim N o Discourses that Contain Philanthropy MaximsDiscourses that do not Contain Philanthropy Maxims 3 1 Jika orang benar bertambah (tidak menyebutkannama) bersukacitalah rakyat Jika orang fasik memerintah (tidak menyebutkan nama) berdukacitalah rakyat(Azhar 2009) When the righteous increases (not mentioning any names) the people rejoice When the wickedrules (not mentioning any names) the people bereaved Jika orang benar bertambah (seperti Bapak A)bersukacitalah rakyat Jika orang fasik memerintah (seperti bapak B) berdukacitalah rakyat When the righteousincrease (as Mr A) the people rejoice When the wicked rule (like Mr B) the people bereaved 3 2 Janganlihat orangnya lihat yang telah diperbuat (Sulistyaningtyas 2009) Do not see who the person is see what hehas done Jangan lihat orangnya (yaitu bapakibu A) lihat yang telah diperbuat (melakukan A atau B) Do notsee who the person is (ie Mr AMsA) see what he has done (done A or done B) The form of linguistic unitabove is a sentence (example 31) or a combination of sentences (32) The two discourses above breakgrammatical rules (even pragmaticshysemantic rules) because it does not mention any names a little vaguesince it can be anyone The violation aims to not to say something painful that may cause division In 31 when the righteous increase the people rejoice

There is theshysoshycalled divertis

that is the avoidance to directly mention the righteous (names that are considered stand in the right path) Ifthe name is mentioned the impression that arises is negative (cocky arrogant pretentious) both in the soshycalled and on which is not called Likewise the expression If the wicked rule the people bereaved

also does not mention the name of the persona that has a wicked nature If the name is mentioned of coursewill make the person offended Likewise at 32 do not see the person see who has done

also tries to divert persona name to avoid negative effects Avoidance to mention good deeds that have beendone by a person also minimizes negative effects Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs




Page 126 The Application of Philanthropy Language Construction Theory The theory of philanthropy languagein the previous section according to the limitation of this study is focused on data which relate to politicaldiscourses From the above explanation the theory is applicable in this context The question is can this theorybe used to analyze other types of discourse In practice it turns out that this philanthropy language theory canalso be used to distinguish discourse such as the four lyrics in table 4 below In the table it can be seen thatthere are four lyrics Two lyrics use philanthropy language (because it meets two philanthropy languagemaxims) while the other two do not contain philanthropy language maxims and therefore cannot be regardedas philanthropy language discourses Tabel 4 the comparison of philanthropy language and nonphilanthropylanguage N o Philanthropy Lyrics Nonphilanthropy Lyrics 4 1 (a) heal the world make it a better place for youand for me and the entire human race there are people dying if you care enough for the living make a betterplace for you and for me (sumber httplirikdansairblogspotcom) (b) Dirty Diana nah Dirty Diana nah DirtyDiana no Dirty Diana Let me be Sumber (httpwwwrizkyonlinecom) 4 2 (c) (cause we all live under thesame sun We all walk under the same moon Then why why cant we live as one) (httplirikkapanlagicom)(d) (Here I am Will you send me an angel Here I am In the land of the morning star) (httplirikkapanlagicom)Example 41 (a) and 41 (b) are the chorus of the two Michael Jacksons song (41 (a) heal the world 41 (b)dirty Diana) The second chorus of the song though it is also the chorus of Michael Jackson song but it hasdifferent language style 41 (a) contains philanthropy language maxims whereas 41 (b) does not 41 (a)meets the maxim of proposition Likewise 42 (c) and 42 (d) the two such discourse are the chorus of thesong sung by Scorpion Although they are produced by the same group they have different language styles In42 (c) the language contains philanthropy language whereas 42 (d) does not In the context of maxim ofproposition example 41 (a) and 42 (c) show the love to the world and to others World and concern for othersare topics that belong to common people and not to individuals The discourses above also invite the readers torespect companionship not to Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFHUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 127separation Example 41 (a) and 42 (c) above also do not attack other peoples faces and do not make thepeople angry In addition 41 (a) and 42 (c) invites the public to change for the betterment 41 (a) and 42 (c)also give hope to others by initiating the existence of changes in the future On the other hand 41 (b) and 42(d) do not contain any of philanthropy maxims 41 (b) and 42 (c) do not contain any expression of love to theworld and to the others Even the two discourses above are quite personal because they use pronouns me

and I

as the subject of the sentence The propositions also do not refer to shared topic since they are individualisticand do not talk about everyones problem Although they do not attack others face they do not give any hopeto people about betterment in the future In the context of maxim of affection example 41 (a) and 42 (c)provide comfortable feeling for the reader since they are put on the equal level and are invited to collaboratewith the writer to improve the future both by protecting the world and by maintaining friendship Example 41 (a)and 42 (c) also provide comfortable feeling to the reader because the reader feels that the discourse makerscare about the problems of the world (which heshe feels that it is also hisher problem) such as peacefriendship world preservation and many more While in 41 (b) and 42 (d) these two discourses do not containmaxims of affective Although the readers do not feel threatened but the readers do not feel comfortable eitherbecause heshe is not involved in the topics discussed Conclusion Philanthropy language is the style of language that shows expression of love for human beings

From the definition above we can see that the definition raises two maxims namely maxims of propositionand maxims of affection Maxim of proposition has six characteristics (1) show the feelings of love andaffection (2) show the subject matter covered as a shared property (3) put the makers and readers of adiscourse in the same brotherhood (4) not attack the face of the others so that no philanthropy language hurtsother feelings (5) add invitation to reform something but the invitation must not violate the solicitation of 1st2nd 3rd and 4th character (6) give something to others even though it is only in the form of a hope Thesecond maxim is the Maxim of Affection There are at least three characteristics within the scope of this maximthat readers respond to discourse by There are at least three characteristics within the scope of this maximthat readers respond to the discourses by (1) complying the proposition to apply positive attitudes (2) followingproposition not to apply negative attitude and (3) not doing anything to avoid negative and aggressive attitude

id 111Plagiarism detected 04 httpjournalssagepubcomdoiabs + 4 more resources




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Philanthropy language has lexical peculiarities The construction of philanthropy not only can be identifiedthrough the compliance of its maxims but also can be identified through its lexical choice Particular lexiconssuch as love compassion peace prosperity friendship unity truth equality friendship happiness prosperityunity for human for peace equality and many others are Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 128 the markers of philanthropy language Additionally pronounssuch as us all of us you and I are also encountered in the construction of philanthropy language ReferencesshyAmabile L (2012) Teaching Philanthropy To Children And Youth A Resource for Unitarian UniversalistReligious Educators wwwuuaorgdocumentsstewshydevapfteaching_philanthropydoc shyAzhar I N (2008)Political Language Used by Female Candidate in the Campaign for East Java Governor Election 2008in GENDER DAN POLITIK (Gender and Politics) Jogjakarta Pusat Studi Wanita Universitas Gajahmada danpenerbit Tiara Wacana shyAzhar I N (2009) Bahasa Jargon Calon Legislatif 2009 dalam Face Book (JargonLanguage of Legislature Candidate 2009 in Facebook) in the prosiding of Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan AtmaJaya 7 Tingkat Internasional Jakarta Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Unika Atmajaya shyBhatia V K (1997)

Discourse of philanthropic fundshyraising Written discourse in philanthropic fund raising Issues of language andrhetoric (pp 27shy44) Indiana University Center on Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13 Indianapolis IN shyBhatia V K (

1998) Generic patterns in fundraising discourse New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising 22 95shy110 shyConnor U (

1997) Comparing research and notshyforshyprofit grant proposals Written discourse in philanthropic fund raisingIssues of language and rhetoric (pp 45shy64) Indiana University Center on Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13Indianapolis IN shyConnor U amp Wagner L (

1998) Language use in grant proposals by nonprofits Spanish and English New Directions for PhilanthropicFundraising Understanding and Improving the Language of Fundraising 22 59shy73 shyCrismore A

1997 Visual rhetoric in an Indiana University Foundation

Annual

Report Written discourse in philanthropic fund raising Issues of language and rhetoric (pp 64shy100) IndianaUniversity Center on Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13 Indianapolis IN shyFrumpkin P (2003) Inside venture philanthropy in Society 40 (4) 7shy15shyshyshy shyFusari S (

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Philanthropic Direct Mail in An EnglishshyItalian

Perspective Paper presented at the seminar Research on Fundraising Letters Focus on Research MethodsWorld Conference of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA 2005) Madison Wisconsin 25July 2005 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES ANDCULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 129 shyFusari S (



id 123Plagiarism detected 017 httpwwwworldcatorgtitletakin + 4 more resources

2006)The Discourse Of Philanthropy in Italy and The United States A Case Study Of Interparadigmatic TranslationUniversity of Bologna atForl Italy httpwwwimmisejiccindexphpjiccarticleview8150httplirikdansairblogspotcom200907michaelshyjacksonshyhealshywordhtmlhttplirikkapanlagicomartisscorpionsunder_the_same_sun httpwwwrizkyonlinecombaratmichaelshyjacksondirtyshydianashylyricshtmlixzz2VrJp9o8ahttpditpolkombappenasgoidbasedirKajian20Ditpolkom22920Peran20Filantropi20Untuk20Keberlanjutan20OMSBAB20II_Bappenas_Final1pdf shyKothari CR (2004) Research MethodologyMethods and Techniques New Delhi New Age International (P) Limited Publishers shyLauer J (1997)Fundraising

letters Written discourse in philanthropic fund raising Issues of language and rhetoric (pp 101shy108) IndianaUniversity Center on Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13 Indianapolis IN shyMcCagg P (1997) Metaphoricalmorality and the discourse of philanthropy Writtendiscourse in philanthropic fund raising Issues of languageand rhetoric (pp 109shy120) Indiana University Center on Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13 Indianapolis INshyMyers G (1997) Wednesday morning and the millenium Notes on time in fundshyraising texts Writtendiscourse in philanthropic fund raising Issues of language and rhetoric (pp 121shy134) Indiana University Centeron Philanthropy Working Papers 98shy13 Indianapolis IN shyPayton R L Rosso H A amp Tempel E R (1991)Toward a philosophy of fund raisingIn D E Burlingame amp L J Hulse (Eds)

Taking fundraising seriously Advancing the profession and practice of raising money (pp 3shy17) San Francisco JosseyshyBass shySulistyaningtyas T (2009) Bahasa Indonesia dalam WacanaPropaganda Politik Kampanye shyPemilu 200 Satu Kajian Sosiopragmatik in Jurnal Sosioteknologi Edisi 17 Tahun8 Agustus ISSN 2356shy5926

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International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 2356shy5926 Volume 2 Issue 2 EditorshyinshyChief DrHassen ZRIBA JulyshySeptember 2015 Volume 2 Issue 2 Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcsPage 1 Editorial Board EditorshyinshyChief Managing Editor Dr Hassen Zriba Najoua Chalbi Emeritus ProfessorRalph Grillo University of Sussex UK Dr Syed Zamanat Abbas Salman Bin Abdulaziz University Saudi ArabiaProfessor Muhammad Asif Riphah International University Pakistan Dr Santosh Kumar Behera SidhoshyKanhoshyBirsha University India Professor Sadok Bouhlila Northern Borders University Saudi Arabia Dr PPrayer Elmo Raj Pachaiyappas College India Professor Pacha Malyadri Osmania University AndhraPradesh India Omid Akhavan Imam Ali University Iran Professor Shormishtha Panja University of DelhiIndia Loredana TerecshyVlad Ștefan cel Mare University Romania Professor Jason L Powell University ofChester UK Shama Adams Curtin University Australia Professor Ali H Raddaoui University of WyomingUSA Mansour Amini The Gulf College Oman Dr Mohamed ElshyKamel Bakari University of King AbdulazizSaudi Arabia Mohd AB Malek Bin MD Shah Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia Dr Solange Barros FederalUniversity of Mato Grosso Brazil Mark B Ulla Father Saturnino Urios University Philipinnes Dr SalahBelhassen University of Gafsa Tunisia Anouar Bennani University of Sfax Tunisia Dr Nodhar HammamiBen Fradj University of Kairouan Tunisia Shuv Raj Rana Bhat Central Department of English KirtipurKathmandu Nepal Dr Arbind Kumar Choudhary Rangachahi College Majuli Assam India Erika AshleyCouto University of Concordia Canada Dr Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi University of Shri Mata Vaishno DeviIndia Md Amir Hossain IBAIS University Bangladesh Dr Baliram Namdev Gaikwad University of MumbaiIndia Elvan Mutlu University of Kent UK Dr Abdullah Gharbavi Payame Noor University Iran Syed SUddinshyAhmed St Johns University USA Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFHUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcs Page 2 Dr AlSayed Mohamed Aly Ismail Bin Abdualziz University Saudi Arabia Mansour Amini The Gulf College OmanDr Nidhi Kesari University of Delhi India Nick J Sciullo Georgia State University USA Dr RaghvendraKumar LNCT Group of College Jabalpur India Nizar Zouidi University of Mannouba Tunisia Dr Salima LejriUniversity of Tunis Tunisia Logan Cochrane University of British Columbia Canada Dr Chuka Fred OnonyeAlvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Nigeria Shataw Naseri University of Shahid Beheshti in Iran DrMohammed Salah Bouomrani University of Gafsa Tunisia Manoj Kr Mukherjee Visva Bharati UniversitySantiniketan West Bengal India Dr Mahdi Zarai University of Gafsa Tunisia Javed Akhter University ofBalochistan Quetta Balochistan Pakistan Dr Anwar Tlili Kings College London UK Haron Bouras MohamedCherif Messadia University SoukshyAhras Algeria Volume 2 Issue 2 September 2015 INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356shy5926 httpijhcschiefeditorwixcomijhcsPage 3 Table of Contents Editorial7

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The Search for Identity in Online Chat

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3. JURNAL INTERNATIONAL PHILANTHROPY LANGUAGE.pdfsasing.trunojoyo.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/CEK-PLAGIASI-3.pdfInternational Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies ISSN 23565926