3 Multimedia for Linux IVI

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Executive Summary

Intelligent in-vehicle systems increasingly offer end users rich

multimedia experiences as part of their core functionalit y.

To compete in a dynamic marketplace, automotive original

equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and integrators must provide

digital audio and video, animated 2D and 3D maps and s treet

views, and speech-based interfaces in their next-generation

in-vehicle systems.

Linux, open source sof tware (OSS), and proprietary/commercial

software hos ted on Linux offer automotive OEMs and suppliers

a wide range of multimedia technologies, toolkits, media

players, and plug-ins. This paper provides an overview of

available multimedia software resources for automotive

applications that include audio, video, speech, and digital

rights management (DRM). When possible, it also supplies

heuristics for making design and deployment decisions based

on project maturit y and licensing information, for example.

Core Automotive Multimedia Requirements

To support real-world automotive applications, Linux-hosted

multimedia technology or automotive applications needs to

deliver certain key capabilities:

Supportforpopular,industry-standardmediaformats

and fle types

Ready-to-useaudio/videocodecsandplayers

ScreenresolutionsfromVGA(videographicsarray)

(640x480) upward through high defnition (HD) resolutions

Performanceandloadcharacteris ticsmatchedtoavailable

automotive embedded hardware

CPUsupportforautomotiveprocessorarchitec tures:ARM,

Hitachi SH, and Intel

Speechoutputandrecognition

Challenges to Meeting Multimedia Requirements

with Open Source Software

Untilrecently,manyOEMsfounditextremelydifficultto

integrate a useul and comprehensive set o multimedia

components or use in devices based on embedded Linux.

Despite broad embedded and desktop deployment and a

worldwide community o Linux developers and end users,

eorts to accommodate the gamut o media types, codecs,

ormats, DRM regimes, intellectual property restrictions, and

licenses stymied the deployment o ull-eatured Linux-based

media devices. These challenges include the ollowing:

Highlyproprietary,nonstandardnatureofmanyaudioand

video codecs

VariationinmaturityofOSSprojectsimplementing

multimedia components

Conformancetotheparticularsofcopyrightlegislation(in

particulartheDigitalMillenniumCopyrightAct,orDMCA)

and patent law in choosing and integrating OSScomponents or multimedia

This paper, in surveying available multimedia technologies

or embedded Linux, reers to relevant inormation regarding

maturity, licensing, and intellectual property status o the

sotware in question.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ............................................................ 1

Core Automotive Multimedia Requirements ...................... 1

Challenges to Meeting Multimedia Requirements

with Open Source Software .............................................1

Multimedia Infrastructure: Frameworks, Engines, Etc. ......2

Open Source Media Formats .............................................4

Media Players ..................................................................... 4

Speech Technology ............................................................. 5

Voice Recognition ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ..... ...... ...... ...... ..... 6

Digital Rights Management ................................................ 7

Conclusion .......................................................................... 7

Multimedia Resources in Linux for Automotive

Use Cases and Applications

The primary use cases or multimedia technology in

Linux-based automotive applications include the

ollowing:

Vehicledashboardandseatbackdisplayswith

medium to high resolution Navigationsystemswith2Dand3Dmapdisplays,

audio output, text-to-speech, etc.

Entertainmentsystemsforlocalmediaplaybackand

streaming

Operationalfeedback(e.g.,vehiclereversevideo

camera)


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2 | Multimedia Resources in Linux for Automotive

Multimedia Infrastructure: Frameworks, Engines, Etc.

AswithmanyotherLinux-basedtechnologies,thereexist

multiple, sometimes competing OSS projects to implement

multimedia unctionality as well as versions o cross-platorm

commercial technology targeted and optimized or Linux-

hosted execution.

ALSA

ALSA,theAdvancedLinuxSoundArchitecture,provides

standard audio and MIDI services to the Linux operating

systemandapplicationsrunningonit.ALSAsupportsa

rangeofaudiointerfaces,fromPCsoundcardsto

professional-qualitymultichannelaudio.ALSAoffers

eatures advantageous to in-vehicle inotainment use:

Dynamicallyloadable,modularaudiodevicedrivers

Nativesupportforsymmetricmultiprocessing(SMP)

and thread saety

alsa-liblibrary,withuser-spaceAPIstosimplify

application programming SupportforlegacyopensoundsystemAPIs,withbinary

compatibility or most Open Sound System programs

ALSAispartoftheLinuxkernelandiscoveredbyGPLv2and

theLinuxCOPYINGfile.alsa-libisdistributedundertheGNU

LesserGeneralPublicLicense(LGPL),easingOEMintegration.

Learn more at http://www.alsa-project.org.

GStreamer

GStreamerisamultimediaframeworkservingarangeof

applications, including media players, streaming media

broadcasters,andvideoeditors.GStreameriswidely

deployed in both desktop and embedded settings and has

been adopted by mobile and embedded Linux platorms,

including Maemo, Moblin, and LiMo.

GStreamerconnectsmediaprocessingelementsintoa

pipeline, where each element is provided by a plug-in.

Elements communicate by means o pads (like solder points

onsilicon).Asourcepadononeelementcanbeconnected

to a sink pad on another. When the pipeline is in the playing

state, data buers low rom the source pad to the sink pad.

Padsnegotiatethekindofdatathatwillbesentusing

abstractions or deining capabilities.

GStreamerletsdevelopersintegratecodecsandfilters

through plug-ins with generic interaces. By decoupling

codecs rom the ramework architecture, multimedia

applications can take advantage o advances in codec and

filtertechnologyasynchronouslyfromGStreamer

development.

GStreamerisreleasedundertheLGPL,facilitatingintegrationand

commercial deployment with minimal reciprocal disclosure. Learn

moreaboutGStreamerathttp://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/.

MP3Codec

DIVXCodec

OGGCodec

DVDCodec

AudioEffects

AudioPlayer

VideoPlayer

RippingTool

VideoEditor

StreamingServer

Figure 1: GStreamer plug-in and application architecture


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Helix DNA Client

HelixDNAClientisauniversalopensourcedigitalmedia

playback engine, supporting playback of any format and

codecacrossarangeofdevicetypes.HelixDNAprovides

underlying multimedia functionality to a range of applications

requiring local playback and streaming of multiple formats in

disparate environments.

HelixDNAClientunderliesthedigitalmediaplatformfor

RealNetworksRealPlayeronWindows,Apple,andLinuxas

well as the Rhapsody player.

HelixDNAandcodecsourcecodeisavailableforreference

and research and development under Open Source Initiative

(OSI)-approvedlicenses(GPLv2andRealNetworksPublic

Source License) or via commercial licenses or deployment

indevices.LearnmoreaboutHelixDNAClientat

https://helix-client.helixcommunity.org/.

Adobe Flash Lite

AdobeFlashLitesoftwareprovidesarun-timeenginefor

mobile and consumer electronics devices with substantial

interoperability beneits or device manuacturers and

contentdevelopers.AutomotiveOEMsandintegrators

canbuildonthepopularityandubiquityofAdobeFlash

content to provide end users with web browsing, video,

andinteractivecontentcomparabletousersdesktop

experiences, in the car, on the go.

AdobeFlashLiteoffersthefollowingtoLinux-based

automotive systems developers:

FLVletypesupport,includingH.264,On2VP6,and

Sorenson video codecs

AccesstocontentandvideocreatedwithAdobeFlash

Integratedauthoringenvironment Cross/multiplatformsupport

FlashLitefeaturesanopenSDKbutislicensedunderstrictly

commercialtermsbyAdobefordevice-baseddeployment.

To learn more, visit http://www.adobe.com/products/flashlite/

for general information and ht tp://www.adobe.com/products/

flashlite/version/foracomparisonofAdobeFlashproducts,

capabilities, and platform support.

Xine

Xine is a multimedia playback engine built around the shared

library xine-lib. Xine oers a variety o ront-end player

applications,includingCodeine,gzine,Kaffeine,KMPlayer,

and Totem.

Xine can open and execute container ormats that include

3gp,AVI,ASF,FLV,Matroska,MOV(QuickTime),MP4,NUT,

Ogg,OGM,andRealMedia.Xinecandecode/playarange

o audio and video ormats:

Audio:AAC,AC3,ALAC,AMR,FLAC,MP3,RealAudio,

Shorten,Speex,Vorbis,WMA

Video: Cinepak,DV,H.263,H.264/MPEG-4AVC,HuffYUV,

Indeo,MJPEG,MPEG-1,MPEG-2,MPEG-4ASP,RealVideo,

Sorenson,Theora,WMV(partial,includingWMV1,WMV2,

andWMV3,viaFFmpeg)

XineisreleasedundertheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseand

may not be suitable or all commercial applications. Learn

more about Xine at http://xinehq.de/.

Figure 2: Helix DNA Client system architecture

Application (GUI, Control Flow)

Playback Controls

Sync and Timing

Audio/Video Mixing

Streaming Protocols

File Formats

Codecs

Capture and Encoding

Transcoding

Metadata Editing

Download Manager

Media Services

DRM

Core Run-Time Libraries

Linux Kernel Device Drivers


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Open Source Media Formats

CurrentmediaformatsonWindowsdesktopmachinesand

ubiquitousmediadevices(MPEG,WMV,etc.)areprobably

amiliar. But the range o reely licensed media ormats

supported by Linux-based rameworks and players is

probably less amiliar. These ormats provide additional

options or OEMs to oer high-quality multimedia

experiences without the obligation o patents, proprietarylicenses, and so on. However, they are not as widely used as

theirproprietaryequivalents.Notethatwhiletheseandother

open ormats are native to open source multimedia sot ware,

OSS also supports amiliar commercial ormats through a mix

o open source and proprietary plug-ins and codecs.

Ogg Vorbis

OggVorbisisanopen,patent-free,audio-encodingand

compression ormat that also oer s streaming technology. It

is comparable to other ormats used to store and play digital

music,suchasMP3,VQF,AAC,andsoon.OggVorbisdiffers

rom other ormats by being completely ree, open, and

unpatented. Ogg is the native audio ile ormat or many

open source media tools and suppor ted by an increasing

number o commercially available media players and devices

as well.

OggVorbiscomprisestwocomponents:

Ogg: Containerformatforaudio,video,andmetadata

rom Xiph.org

Vorbis: The audio compression scheme contained in Ogg;

otherformatscanbeembeddedinOggsuchasFLAC

and Speex

Learn more at ht tp://www.vorbis.com.

TheoraTheora is a free and op en video compression format. Theora

scales from postage stamp to high-definition resolution and is

competitive with commercial formats, especially at low bit

rates. Theora is supported by most open source engines and

players,includingMPlayer,Xine,Helix,andVideoLAN.Theora

iscomparabletoMPEG-4andDiVX,withalargeandactive

developer community engaged in incremental enhancement.

Theora can be used to distribute ilm and video online

and on disc without licensing or royalty ees or vendor

lock-in associated with other ormats. Learn more at

http://www.theora.org and ht tp://www/xiph.org.

Media Players

Gnash

GnashisafreesoftwareFlashmovieplayerandisoneof

theGNUfamilyprojectshostedandsupportedbytheFree

SoftwareFoundation.GnashisbasedonGameSWFand

supportsmostSWFv7featuresandsomeSWFv8andv9

eatures.

Gnashfeaturesincludethefollowing:

Standalone and plug-in operation:Gnashcanrunin

either mode.

Browser-based execution: Gnashcanrunasaplug-in

fromwithinMozilla-derivedbrowsers,suchasFirefox,as

wellasKonqueror.

SWF v7+ compliant: GnashcanrunSWF-compatibleles.

Streaming video support:

Gnashsupportsviewingof

streaming video rom popular sharing sites such as Lulu.tv

orYouTube.

XML message server: GnashsupportsXML-based

messagingfortheFlashformat.

High-quality output: GnashusesOpenGLforrendering

graphicsonthedesktop,andAntigrainGeometry(AGG)

or embedded rame bueronly devices.

Extensible: GnashsupportsextendingActionScriptwith

custom scripts or wrappers or third-party libraries.

AspartofthemainGNUprojecttree,Gnashislicensed

underGPLv3.LearnmoreaboutGnashathttp://www.gnu.org/

software/gnash/.

Helix Player

HelixPlayerisanopensourcemediaplayerwidelydeployedon

both desktop Linux and embedded Linux, Solaris, and Symbian

OS.HelixPlayerisbasedontheHelixDNAClientmediaengine.

HelixPlayerisdual-licensedunderopensource(RealNetworks

PublicSourceLicense)andcommercialcommunitysource

(RealNetworksCommunitySourceLicense)licenses.HelixPlayer

contains only open source components and plays open source

formats,suchasOggVorbisandTheora.

RealPlayerforLinuxbuildsontopoftheHelixPlayerand

supportsRealAudio,RealVideo,WindowsMedia,MP3,Flash,

MPEG-4(fee-based),andothernonopensourcecomponents.

LearnmoreaboutbothHelixPlayerandRealPlayerat

https://player.helixcommunity.org/.

Kaffeine

Kaffeineisanopensource,full-featuredmediaplayerfor

KDE(KDesktopEnvironment)andaccompaniesKDEin

deployment in enterprise workstation and home desktop

settings. It supports a broad range o local and network

mediaanddigitalvideobroadcasting(DVB).Kaffeine(like

Totembelow)canusexine-liborGStreamerasabackend.

KaffeineislicensedunderGPLv2butasanapplicationimposes

minimal reciprocal disclosure requirements upon OEMs. Learn

moreabouttheKaffeineplayerathttp://kaffeine.kde.org/.

Totem

TotemisthestandardmovieplayerfortheGNOMEdesktop

environment and widely available with desktop Linux

distributions.TotemistightlyintegratedwithGNOMEand

itsfilemanager,Nautilus,featuringthegenerationofvideo

ile thumbnails and a video plug-in or Mozilla browsers

(Firefox,etal.).


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Totemexistsintwoversions:onebasedonGStreamerthat

eatures greater extensibility and supports a larger variety o

media ormat, the other based on Xine that oers bet ter

encryptedDVDplaybacksupportandslightlybroaderfile

formatsupportthantheGStreamerversion.

BuildingonGStreamer,Totemcanplayallmainstreammedia

ormats, both open and proprietary. It also understands

numerousplaylistformats,includingSHOUTcast,M3U,XML

ShareablePlaylistFormat(XSPF),SMIL,WindowsMedia

Player,andRealAudio.Totemsupportsfull-screenvideo

playback including multihead conigurations.

TotemislicensedunderGPLv2butasanapplicationimposes

minimal reciprocal disclosure requirements upon OEMs.

Learn more at ht tp://www.gnome.org/projects/totem/.

LinDVD

LinDVDfromCorelisasoftwareDVDplayerfromthesame

teamthatcreatedtheubiquitousWinDVDfortheWindows

desktop.LinDVDispackagedasacustomproduct/services

offeringtargetedatdeviceOEMsandisnotaCOTS(commercial o-the-shel) product per se.

MPlayer

MPlayerisamovieplayerstructuredasacommand-line

applicationwithGUIsforeachsupportedoperatingsystem.

ForLinux,MPlayeroffersGNOME-basedgmplayer.

MPlayersupportsawiderangeofformatsandencoding

standards,includingMPEG/VOB,AVI,Ogg/OGM,VIVO,

ASF/WMA/WMV,QT/MOV/MP4,RealMedia,Matroska,NUT,

NuppelVideo,FLI,YUV4MPEG,FILM,RoQ,andPVAfiles.

MPlayerletsendusersplayVideoCD,SVCD,DVD,3ivx,

DivX3/4/5,WMV,andH.264movies.

MPlayersupportsagamutofoutputdrivers,includingX11,

Xv,DGA,OpenGL,SVGAlib,fbdev,AAlib,DirectFB,GGI,

SDL,VESA,andvariouslow-levelcard-specificdrivers(e.g.,

Matrox,3Dfx,andATI).Inmanycases,MPlayeralsosupports

sotware and/or hardware scaling.

MostvideoandaudioformatsaresupportedinMPlayer

nativelythroughthelibavcodeclibraryoftheFFmpeg

project.Forformatslackingopensourcecodecs,MPlayer

relies on binary codecs. It can use Windows DLLs directly

with the help o a DLL loader.

MPlayerislicensedunderGPLv2and,asanapplication,

imposes minimal reciprocal disclosure requirements uponOEMs. However, the inormal use and availability o (reverse -

engineered)MPlayercodecsforotherwiseproprietarymedia

ormats may expose OEMs or suppliers to intellectual

property claims against use o sotware patents in open

source sotware. Learn more at ht tp://www.mplayerhq.hu/.

VLC and VideoLAN

VLCis afreesof twaremediaplayerdevelopedunderthe

VideoLANproject .Monol ithicinsize,itencompassesapor table

multimedia player, encoder, and streamer in a single code base

(thefront-endandplug-inapproachesofGStreamer,Xine,etc.).

VLCcanst reamcontentovernetworksandtranscodemedia

into various different formats, with sup port for many audio and

videocodecsandfileformatsaswellasDVDs,VCDs,andstreaming protocols.

VLCincludesalargenumberoffreecodeclib rar ies ,reducing

the need or integration and tuning o proprietary plug-ins.

ManyVLCcodecsshipwithlibavcodecfromtheFFmpeg

project.VLCisalsothefirstplayertosupportplaybackof

encryptedDVDsonLinuxwiththelibdvdcssDVDdecryption

library.

VLCi slicensedunderGPLv2butasanapplicationimposes

minimal reciprocal disclosure requirements upon OEMs.

Learn more at ht tp://www.videolan.org/.

Speech Technology

The commercial marketplace, academia, and the open source

bazaar are lush with speech tec hnologies. While many are

quite mature and stable, ew have the quality and

performancetomakethecutasautomotivegrade.

Most o the projects and products available or Linux or

automotive ocus individually on speech output (speech

synthesis and text-to-speech) or input (recognition).

Speech output or in-car systems can be a key dierentiator

in a crowded marketplace. Requirements include smooth,

continuous speech generation, choice o voices, and o-

the-shel internationalization capability.

Festival

Festivaloffersaframeworkforbuildingspeechsynthesis

systems and oers ull text-to-speech (TTS) through multiple

APIsandchannels:shell/CLI,Schemecommandinterpreter,

C++andJavaclasslibraries,andEmacsinterface.Festival

supportsEnglish(BritishandAmerican)andSpanish,with

English being the most mature. Tools and documentation

fornewvoicesareavailablethroughCarnegieMellon

UniversitysFestvoxproject(http://festvox.org).

FestivalandthespeechtoolsaredistributedunderanX11-type

license, allowing unrestricted commercial and noncommercial use

alike. Learn more at http://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/.

MBROLA

TheMBROLAprojectcreatesspeechsynthesizersforagrowing

list of languages and is provide d free for noncommercial

applications. The project goal is to foster research into speech


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synthesis,specificallyonprosody.Assuch,MBROLAisnota

TTS synthesizer; rather it accepts phoneme representations as

input, together with prosodic information, and produces

speech output based on concatenation of diphones.

MBROLAisdistributedunderitsownlicensingterms

(essentially a limited ree copyr ight license). Learn more

at http://tcts.pms.ac.be/synthesis/mbrola.html.

Nuance RealSpeak Solo

RealSpeak Solo is a TTS solution, optimized to enhance

automotive and other embedded conversational applications.

Highly scalable, it provides high speech quality output across a

range of footprints, t ypically from 8MB to 20MB for automotive

use.Recently,Nuanceintroducedtheoptionforvoicecapture

of preferred speakers for greater OEM differentiation.

Nuanceoffersseveraladditionalproductsforin-vehicle

speechgeneration,includingPromptSculptorand

SpeechPAKAutomotive.LearnmoreaboutNuanceproducts

at http://www.nuance.com/automotive/.

Speex

Speex is an open source, patent-ree audio compression

ormat designed or speech. The Speex project aims to lower

the barrier o entry or voice applications by providing a ree

alternative to expensive proprietary speech codecs.

Moreover,SpeexisbasedonCELP(CodeExcitedLinear

Prediction)andcancompressvoiceatbitratesfrom2kbpsto

44kbps.SomeofSpeexsfeaturesincludethefollowing:

Narrowband(8kHz),wideband(16kHz),andultra-wideband

(32kHz) compression in the same bit stream

Intensitystereoencoding

Packetlossconcealment

Variablebitrateoperation(VBR) Voiceactivitydetection(VAD)

Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)

Acousticechocancellationandnoisesuppression

SpeexispartoftheGNUProjectandisavailableunderthe

revised Berkeley Sotware Distribution (BSD) license. Learn

more at http://www.speex.org/.

NeoSpeech VoiceText

VoiceText generatessynthes izedspeechfrominputtex tand

targetscustom,standaloneapplications.VoiceTextishighly

scalable,withfootprintsassmallas16MB.VoiceTextsupports

text-to-speechforU.S.English,Latin-AmericanSpanish,

Korean,Japanese,andMandarinChinese,withacollection

of11nativevoices.

NeoSpeechsupportsdesktopLinuxoff-the-shelfand

embedded Linux in custom conigurations. Learn more

at http://www.neospeech.com.

Voice Recognition

Vehicle-basedspeechrecognitionisoneofthemore

exacting uses o this input technology: viable recognition

systems require high-quality noise rejection and

compensation to oset high levels o ambient noise (wind,

traffic,streetsounds).Voicerecognitionsystemsmustbe

speaker-independent and oer low recognition latency and

highaccuracy.Assuch,onlyafewofthemanyspeechinputtechnologies available as open source and/or Linux-based

commercial sotware can pass muster as automotive grade.

Nuance VoCon

VoCon3200is designedfor add ingspeechrecognit ionto

automotiveandotherembeddedapplications.TheVoCon

3200 speech recognition engine delivers speaker-independent

and continuous speech-recognition capabilities and is suitable

for navigation systems, telematics applications, and voice

control of in-vehicle devices.

Modularandscalable,VoCon3200meetstherequirementsof

different applications and markets with modules for speakeradaptation, natural language understanding, spelling, and

onlinegrammarcompiler.VoCon3200featuresincludethe

following:

Speaker-independent,continuous-digit,andcommand

recognition

Voicedestinationentryforlargecountriesandmarkets

Automotiveacousticalmodelsandautomaticnoise

cancellation

TheVoCon3200packageincludessupportforU.S.English,

U.K.English,andGermanwiththeautomotiveacoustical

models. Other languages can be suppor ted easily via data

filesavailablefromNuance.

LearnmoreaboutVoCon3200athttp://www.nuance.com/

vocon/3200/.

Sensory FluentSoft

SensorysFluentSofttechnologyiscapableofrecognizing

thousands o words. Designed to create a natural human-

machineinterface(HMI),FluentSoftemployswordandphrase

spotting technologies to avoid the limitations o disc rete

word command and control.

To aid in speech application development, Sensory oe rs a

speaker-independentsoftwaredevelopmentkit(SDK)witha

large vocabulary or integrating high-quality speech

recognition technology into automotive applications, with

modestmemoryandCPUresourceuse.TheFluentSoft

phonetic recognition engine can build new vocabularies

based on text input, even on the device.


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Sphinx

Sphinx is an open source speech recognition system implemented

inJava.SphinxcomesfromacollaborationamongCarnegie

MellonUniversity,SunMicrosystemsLaboratories,Mitsubishi

ElectricResearchLabs(MERL),andHewlett-Packard(HP),with

contributionsfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaCruz

(UCSC)andtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).

Sphinx eatures live and batch mode speech recognizers

capable o recognizing discrete and continuous speech. It

also oers a range o plug-in interaces or dierent ront

ends, language models, and acoustic models. Sphinx also

boasts standalone tools or displaying waveorms and

spectrograms and generating eatures rom audio.

Sphinx is distributed under a BSD license. Learn more at

http://cmusphinx.sourceorge.net/.

Digital Rights Management

DRM sotware and related technologies that enorce

licensing do not sit easily with open source sotware and

developer communities that create and support OSS. The

latestversionoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicense(GPLv3)

evenfeaturesexplicitprohibitionagainstplacingGPLv3

sotware itsel under the control o a rights management

regime. However, deployment and use o DRM, while

incompatiblewithmanagingGPLsoftwareitself,isviablefor

othersoftwareandformultimediacontent.Fortheirpart,

OEMs, content owners, and network operators express real

requirements or DRM, and a number o solutions are

available or Linux-hosted automotive applications.

Helix DRM

Helix DRM for Devices enables chipset and device manufacturersto include DRM in intelligent device software. Helix DRM for

Devices allows content rights holders to determine device

delivery policy while also serving the needs of device

manufacturers and end users. Helix DRM for Devices gives

content rights holders and device manufacturers flexibility

over their business models through two modes of operation.

Primary Device Support

Aprimarydeviceisanetwork-connectedsystem,aswithPCs,

set-topboxes,homemediaservers,ormobilephones.A

primary device can connect directly to the Internet and

eatures local storage. With Helix DRM primary device

support,boththeHelixDRMsoftwareandtheHelixDNAclient run natively on the managed device. To access and play

managed content, an end user or program must acquire the

secured content rom a media server. When the attempt is

made to use the encrypted ile on the primar y device, Helix

DRM requires a license key to decrypt it. In response, the

Helix DRM client on the primary device requests a license,

and the Helix DRM license server generates a license key per

the associated business rules and policy deined by the

content owner.

Secondary Device Support

Asecondarydevicerequiresaconnectiontoaprimarydevice

for the transfer of data and rules for that data. On secondary

devices, Helix DRM lets OEMs enable standards-based secure

subscription, online purchase, and other business models on a

wide range of portable devices and c onnected home appliances.

Learn more at https://devicedrm.helixcommunity.org/.

OpenIPMP

OpenIPMPisanopensourceDRMimplementationforMPEG-4

andMPEG-2content.TheprojectadherestoISO/MPEGIPMP

(intellectual property management and protection) open

standards(MPEGIPMPhooksandIPMP-X),ISMAcryp,andOpenMobileAlliance(OMA)DRM2specifications.OpenIPMP

includesCA,PKI,DOImanagement,ISMAstreaming,license

server, encoding/encryption, player, and plug-in architecture.

TheOpenIPMPprojectcodeisdistributedundertheMozilla

PublicLicense(MPL1.1)andsoeasilyintegratesinto

commercial/proprietary device sotware stacks. Learn more

at http://sourceorge.net/projects/openipmp.

Conclusion

Thanks to substantial investment by the automotive and

consumer electronics industries, academic researchers, and

open source community work and through the efforts ofcommercialindependentsoftwarevendors(ISVs),embedded

Linux today hosts a rich and varied toolbox of multimedia,

speech, and DRM technologies. This document is not intended

to be exhaustive but rather to provide an overview of the

options in these areas that are appropriate for automotive

development and deployment. In many cases, the software

technologies and commercial offerings highlighted here are

already integrated by Wind River or deployed by global

automotive OEMs.

Notes

1.GNUGeneralPublicLicenseversion3,Section3,http://www.s.org/licensing/licenses/gpl.html.

Wind River is the global leader in Device Sotware Optimization (DSO). We enable companies to develop,

run, and manage device sotware aster, better, at lower cost, and more reliably. www.windriver.com

2008WindRiverSystems,Inc.TheWindRiverlogoisatrademarkofWindRiverSystems,Inc.,andWindRiverandVxWorksareregisteredtrademarksofWindRiverSystems,Inc.

Othermarksusedhereinarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowners.Formoreinformation,seewww.windriver.com/company/terms/trademark.html.Rev.10/2008

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3 Multimedia for Linux IVI