3-NT100-TextContent - Martagon filePauline Letters Romans 1 &2 Corinthians Galatians Philippians 1 Thessalonians Philemon Disputed Ephesians Colossians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2

10/11/2009

1

Dieter Mitternacht

The Bible as Book and as LibraryA. A Library with many voices

Many writings from many different time periods

Not a book, not written at one time, not by one author But a library, a collection of booksMany genres, purposes and agendas

Historical, biographical and folkloric stories Love poetry, proverbs, prayers Philosophical reflection and dialogue Real and literary letters Encouraging and polemical texts Plain and symbolic languageSituational and general

Holy writ Inner critical dialogue

New Testament IntroductionT e x t & C o n t e n t

Dieter Mitternacht


B. Tanak = Hebrew Bible (~ Old Testament)


Torah = 5 books of MosesGenesis (Beresht)

In the beginning

Exodus (Shemt)

(These are) the names

Leviticus (Wajjiqr)

(The Lord) called

Numeri (Bemidbr)

In the desert

Deuteronomy (Devarm)

These are the words

Prophets (Neviim)The former

Joshua, Judges, Samuel,

Kings

The latter

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel

The Twelve

Hosea, Joel, Amos,

Obadiah, Jonah, Micah,

Nahum, Habakkuk,

Zephaniah, Haggai,

Zachariah, Malachi

Writings (Ketuvim)Job, Psalms, Proverbs,

Ruth, Song of Salomon,

Ecclesiastes

Lamentations,

Esther, Daniel,

Ezra-Nehemiah,

Chronicles

Dieter Mitternacht



C. The New Testament


GospelsMatthew

Mark

Luke

John

HistoryActs

Pauline LettersRomans

1 & 2 Corinthians

Galatians

Philippians

1 Thessalonians

Philemon

DisputedEphesians

Colossians

2 Thessalonians

1 Timothy

2 Timothy

Titus

Other lettersHebrews

James

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

2 John

3 John

Jude

Apocalyptic writingRevelation

Dieter Mitternacht




D. A Library with siblingsTanak Septuagint Vulgate


Tanak LXX (~200 BCE) Vulgate (~400 CE)

Torah

5 books of Moses (Beresht,

Shemt, Wajjiqr, Bemidbr,

Devarm)

Prophets (Neviim)

The former

Joshua, Judges

Samuel (one book)

Kings (one book)

The latter

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel

The Twelve (one book): Hosea, Joel

Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah,

Nahum Habakkuk, Zephaniah,

Haggai, Zachariah Malachi

Writings (Ketuvim)

Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ruth, Song

of Salomon, Ecclesiastes

Lamentations, Esther, Daniel

Ezra-Nehemiah (one book)

Chronicles (one book)

Historical books

5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus,

Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)

Joshua, Judges, Ruth

1 + 2 Kings (=1+2 Sam)

3 + 4 Kings (=1+2 Kings)

1 + 2 Chronicles (incl. Manassas

prayer)

1 Esdras

2 Esdras (= Ezra, Nehemiah)

Poetic books

Psalms(+151), Proverbs, Ecclesiastes,

Song of Solomon, Job, Wisdom of

Salomon, Wisdom of Jesus Sirach

Esther (with additions), Judith, Tobit,

Prophets

Hosea, Amos, Micah, Joel, Obadiah,

Jonah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah,

Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Baruch,

Lamentations,

Jeremiah's letter, Ezekiel,

Daniel (+Susanna, Bel and the Dragon)

1 + 2 Maccabees

Historical books

5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus,

Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)

Joshua, Judges, Ruth

Samuel (one book)

Kings (one book)

Chronicles (one book)

Ezra (=Ezra, Nehemiah)

Tobit, Judith, Ester, Job

Poetic books

Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song

of Solomon, Wisdom of Salomon,

Wisdom of Jesus Sirach

Prophets

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations,

Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel

The Twelve (one book): Hosea, Joel,

Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah,

Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah,

Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Additions

Manassas prayer

3 + 4 Ezra


Dieter Mitternacht





Apocrypha, Deutero-Canonical writings


10/11/2009

2

Dieter Mitternacht

Apocryphal or Deutero-Canonical writingsas defined by the Council of Trent are:

Tobit

Judith

Additions to Esther

Wisdom of Solomon

Sirach, also called Ben Sira or Ecclesiasticus

Baruch, including the Letter of Jeremiah (Additions to Jeremiah in the Septuagint)

Additions to Daniel:

Song of the Three Children (in Vulgate = Daniel 3:24-90)

Story of Susanna (in Vulgate = Daniel 13, Septuagint prologue)

Bel and the Dragon (in Vulgate = Daniel 14, in Septuagint = Epilogue)

1 Maccabees

2 Maccabees


Dieter Mitternacht





Apocrypha, Deutero-canonical writings

The Hebrew Bible The Christian Old Testament


Tanak Protestant OT Catholic OT Orthodox OT

Torah5 books of Moses (Beresht, Shemt, Wajjiqr, Bemidbr, Devarm)

Prophets (Neviim)The early

Joshua, Judges, Samuel (one book), Kings (one book)The latter

Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, The Twelve (one book): Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Writings (Ketuvim)Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Salomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra-Nehemiah (one book), Chronicles (one book)

Pentateuch5 books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numeri, Deuteronomy)

Historical booksJoshua, Judges, Ruth,1 + 2 Samuel1+ 2 Kings 1 + 2 Chronicles Ezra, NehemiahEsther

Poetic booksJob, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon,

ProphetsMajor: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, DanielMinor: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Separate sectionTobit, Judit, Ester (greek text) 1 + 2 MaccabesWisdom of Salomon Wisdom of Jesus SyrachBaruch, Jeremiahs letter, Add. to Daniel, Susannah, Asarjas prayer, Song of the three men, Bel and the Dragon, Manassahs prayer.


Historical booksJoshua, Judges, Ruth,1 + 2 Samuel1+ 2 Kings 1 + 2 Chronicles Ezra, NehemiahTobit, Judith, Esther (with add.)1 + 2 Maccabes

Poetic booksJob, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon,Wisdom of Salomon Wisdom of Jesus Syrach

ProphetsIsaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations,Baruch, Jeremiahs letterEzekiel, DanielSusannah, Asarjas prayer, Song of the three men, Bel and the Dragon, Manassahs prayerHosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi


Historical booksJoshua, Judges, Ruth,1 + 2 Kings3 + 4 Kings 1 + 2 Chronicles Ezra, Nehemiah1 Esdras2 Esdras (= Esra, Nehemja)(!)Ester (with add.), Tobit, Judit1,2 and 3 Maccabes

Poetic booksPsalms(+151), Manassahs prayer, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Wisdom of Salomo, Wisdomof Jesus Sirach

ProphetsIsaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Jeremiahs letterEzekiel, DanielSusannah, Asarjas prayer, Song of the three men, Bel and the Dragon, Manassahs prayerHosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zachariah, Malachi

Separate section

4 Maccabes


Fragment from the book of Enoch - Qumran

Establishing the original textA. Fragments and manuscripts


Column X fromHabakkuk-commentary (1QpHab)

Note that thetetragrammatonJHVH is written withold hebrew letters

P75 (omkr 100)

- ,

, , . . , . , , . ,

10/11/2009

3

P52 (~125) Joh 18:31-33

. , , . []

, -. - , ;

P66

Papyrus Bodmer II

(~200)

75 sheets and 39 fragments.

Originally 39 double sheets that were folded to form a total of 156 pages.

Content: Joh 1:1--6:11; 6:35--14:26, 29-30; 15:2-26; 16:2-4, 6-7, 16:10--20:20, 22-23, 20:25--21:9

P77

Recto Matt 23:35-39

Verso Matt 23: 30-34

(01) Codex Sinaiticus, Egypt or Israel, middle of 4th century Half of LXX, whole NT, Letter of Barnabas Hermas; since 1933 in British Museum.

A (02) Codex Alexandrinus, Egypt, 5th century Almost whole LXX and NT (missing parts of Matt, Joh, 2 Kor), 1/2 Clement, British Museum.

B (03) Codex Vaticanus, Egypt, beginning sof 4th century Most of LXX and NT (not Hebr, Past, Filem and Rev); since end of 15th century in Vatican library.

C (04) Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, 5th century, NT, except Rev. Bibliothque Nationale , Paris.

D1 (05) Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, 4th to 6th century (uncertain) in the West Gospels and Acts, bilingual (greek-latin), Cambridge University Library.


Establishing the original textA. Fragments and manuscripts

B. Codices

Codex

Sinaiticus (aaaa)c. 330-360

Septuagint and

New Testament

(partly incomplete)

This page:

Gospel of John

Codex

Alexandrinus (A)400-440

Septuagint and

New Testament

(partly incomplete

This page:

Gospel of Matthew

10/11/2009

4

Codex

Vaticanus (B)c. 325-350

Septuagint and

New Testament

(partly incomplete)

This page:

Letter to the

Hebrews

Establishing the original textC. External evidence: text traditions (families)

The Eastern text (Byzantine, Syriac, Antiochean)

Least reliable, embellishing, improves language,

Harmonizes parallel texts, Combines contradictory readings

Codex Alexandrinus. Base for TEXTUS RECEPTUS

The Western text

Paraphrasing, harmonizes and adds other traditions

Book of Acts, almost 10% longer than original text

Occasionally better readings than even the Alexandrian

The Caesarea text

Complicated prehistory, Eastern text with typically Byzantine tendencies towards elegance,

Mixture of Alexandrian and Western readings

The Alexandrian text

Most reliable, short and unpolished, closest to original

Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus


The original manuscripts(not preserved)

West Africa

Carthage

W, k, e

33, bo B, , (sa)

Italy

France

D, a, b

Antiochia

Syrs, Syrc

Text revision by

Lucianus app. 310

The Byzantine text tradition

or The standard text

TEXTUS RECEPTUS

Caesarea text

P45,

The Alexandrian

text tradition

P45, 46, 66, 75, , Barchetype fr. 3rd cent

The Eastern

text tradition

A, E, F, G, H,

K, P, S, V, W

The Western

text tradition

P29, 38, 48


Establishing the original textC. External evidence: Conclusions

1. Manuscripts must be grouped and weighed as groups

2. Number and age is secondary to group importance

3. Geographical spreading has primary significance


2. Establishing the original textD. Internal evidence

Shorter reading to be preferred

More difficult reading (for the copyist) to be preferred

Incoherent reading to be preferred

Less eloquent style to be preferred

Author-typical vocabulary or style to be preferred


2. Establishing the original textE. EditionsBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia

New Testament

IntroductionT e x t & C o n t e n t

10/11/2009

5


Septuagint - Rahlf Edition

New Testament




Novum Testamentum

Nestle-Aland 27th ed.

New Testament




Novum Testamentum

Nestle-Aland 27th ed..

Greek New Testament - GNT

New Testament




Novum Testamentum

Nestle-Aland 27th ed.

Greek New Testament GNT

Greek-English Interlinear Editions

New Testament


The Book of Kells(around 800 CE)Folio 27V

Beautifully illuminated manuscript that contains the four Gospels in Latin.

Written on vellum (calf-skin) with insular majuscules.

Matthew Man

MarkLion

Luke Oxe

JohnEagle

Documents

3-NT100-TextContent - Martagon filePauline Letters Romans 1 &2 Corinthians Galatians Philippians 1 Thessalonians Philemon Disputed Ephesians Colossians 2 Thessalonians 1 Timothy 2