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When traveling by plane be prepared for long lines Paper containers for milk are now so (A) 1commonplace and delays Pack your carry-on bag with a book to read complimentary I that it is hard to imagine that it took for fun or some schoolwork you need to do Also over twenty years to get the public to accept them John everyone has heard stories about airlines (A) 1shipping Van Wormer got the idea for paper milk cartons after shipped I baggage to the wrong destination Be certain dropping a milk bottle one morning and took out a you know exactly what you packed in your luggage patent in 1915 for it But it took ten years for him to keeping a list of those items in your carry-on bag if perfect a machine capable of making the containers possible Be sure that your luggage has tags officially Even then most Americans were very (B) 1 allergic issued by the airline company that (B)I include attached Ito milk in bottles But time and a steady includes I your name and address and keep your claim increase in the cost of glass worked in Van Wormers check in your purse or wallet If your checked-in luggage (C) 1favor flavor I Soon by 1950 Wormers company is lost the staff at the baggage claim desk can give you was producing them at the rate of 20000000 a day an estimate of (C) Iwhichwhenl it will arrive You can

(A) (B) (C)insist that the airline deliver your luggage to your final destination and they will do so free of charge CD commonplace allergic favor

reg commonplace attached favor

+ (A) (B) (C) commonplace allergic flavor CD shipping include which complimentary attached flavor regshipping includes when complimentary attached favor shipping include when shipped include which shipped includes which

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A storm drain or surface water system CD is designed

to drain excess rain and ground water from paved 1~1t~1i

streets parking lots and roofs These systems

reg are present on most motorways and other busy roads I ) as well as towns in the areas reg what experience heavy rainfall flooding and regular storms Storm drains should be separate from sanitary sewers though in some places the runoff from storm drains is subjected

to sewage treatment when there is sufficient capacity to

spare In the US these systems are called combined sewers In these systems a sudden large rainfall that

exceeds sewage treatment capacity will be allowed to overflow directly from the storm drains into

reg receiving waters via structures called combined sewer

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Unlike the general belief that climate change and the

loss of the ozone layer are pretty much the same thing

they are two different problems that are not very closely connected The largest contributor to global warming is

carbon dioxide gas released when coal oil and natural

gas are burned CFCs gases which cause stratospheric

ozone depletion play only a minor role in climate change The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer is a serious environmental problem because it causes an

increase in ultraviolet radiation which can harm people animals and plants It is also believed that the space

program is a major contributor to climate change

because it punches holes in the atmosphere In fact the

space program has almost no effect on climate change

For example gases released by rocket exhaust have no

real impact on global warming They have only a small

largely short-term local effect on the different problem

of stratospheric ozone depletion

+ CD controversial views on the space program

reg common misconceptions about climate change reg causes of global warming and ozone depletion

impacts of the space program on global warming

reg difference between climate change and ozone depletion

[57] c~ t~1-OI1 ~Oi~ W~ 7~ ~~~ ~~ jJ2AI2

GMmco bullbullmiddotiEImiddotcmiddotbull bullDr~

5

Retirement is a big deal for most men and can turn out to be one of the most stressful periods in a mans

life Its not the loss of his job that causes so much stress

its the loss of something far greater - the loss of his

identity When approaching retirement a man will often

want to deny that his working life is about to suddenly

end He feels he has so much knowledge and experience

that his employers and associates wont be able to lose

all of his talent and still continue The fact that they

feel they can and probably will usually feels like a solid kick in the guts Unable to this many men reassure themselves with the belief that theyll

become consultants instead It feels like a worthwhile step On one hand there wont be the need for long

hours of work On the other they will still be important

cogs in the wheel

CD face regcreate regdevelop protect regattempt

6

In a good law office the beginner fresh out of law

school is first assigned to This is not

only the intelligent thing to do before one sits down to work out the case for ones own client but it is also the

appropriate training for a young lawyer One has to

assume after all that the other lawyer is reasonably

intelligent but sees a different reality This practice trains

him or her not to start out with I know why my case is

right but with thinking through what it is that the other

side must know see or take in order to win the case It

tells him or her to see the case from different

perspectives Only then is he or she likely to understand

what his or her own case is all about Only then can he

or she make a strong case in court so that his or her

scenario is preferred over that of the other side

CD write down every word of the judges instruction reg pay attention to the evidence of the case at hand reg meet the victim and all the witnesses of the case listen to the statement of the accused in the investigation reg write down the possible arguments by the oppositions

lawyer +7

Socrates begins the discussion of knowledge with his

brilliant pupil Theaetetus by exploring the possibility

that knowledge is perception The temptation to define

knowledge as perception is strong because we do often

claim knowledge on the basis of perception To say I see it I hear it or I feel it is tantamount in many

circumstances to saying I know it But Socrates and

Theaetetus note that we also claim to know things that

are not perceived All of the following are things we

might claim to know but we would not claim to

perceive them If an object is red all over it cannot be

blue all over a statement (of fact) cannot be true and

false at the same time if p is true and q is true then p q

(p and q) is true Noting that there are truths that the mind knows without the necessary participation of the

senses Socrates and Theaetetus conclude that knowledge _______

CD can be perceived as a sense

reg cannot be equated with perception

reg cannot be achieved without perception

decreases with unnecessary senses involved

reg improves as the senses are more developed

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Hybrid cars have become so eco-friendly that they now trump at least one form of human locomotion running Alberto E Minetti professor of physiology at the

University of Milan along with his masters student

Gaspare Pavei compared the CO2 emissions of four

men walking running and biking with the emissions of a

hybrid vehicle carrying those same four men The

scientists found that the four men would release more CO2 by jogging than if they boarded a hybrid car (On

average four women jogging would release less CO2

than if they rode in a car because of their lower body

mass) Here goes the lesson Next time you and three

male friends are late for the movies dont run Take a

hybrid taxi to the theater if you are concerned about

Mother Nature

+

CD When Cars Are Greener Than People

reg Hybrid Cars Gain PopUlarity among Men

reg More Walking And Less Cars for the Earth

) Hybrid Cars More Eco-friendly Than Bikes

reg Who Produces More CO2 Emissions Men Or Women

liHliI 9 ~oj~)pJ ctoJl degloj~ irQj ~)ipound 7AJ 3i11~ 3l~

About 90 percent of people are right-handed says

Corballis

(A) That means the vast majority of people on this planet

have strongly lateralized brains Thats probably no

accident Corballis says He suggests that early in

human history and possibly even in our pre-human

ancestors evolution delegated different cognitive

responsibilities to the brains two hemispheres

(B) It would be inefficient for both sides to for example

process a persons speech When one hemisphere does

that on its own it frees up the other hemisphere to do

something else such as sort out the speechs emotional

content

(C) The remaining 10 percent are either left-handed or in

some degree ambidextrous though people with true

ambidexterity - ie no dominant hand at all - only

make up about 1 percent of the popUlation he posits lateralized ~~~ jl~l

CD (A) - (C) - (B) reg (B) - (A) - (C)

reg (B) - (C) - (A) ) (C) - (A) - (B)

reg (C) - (B) - (A)

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The birds of paradise a name for the brilliantly colored birds that mostly live on the island of New Guinea invite us to solve a mystery of nature It seems to be a contradiction that such extreme feathers of colors which could make the birds much more noticeable to predators could have been favored by the process of evolution Probably the answer may lie the scientists suggest in the unique environment of New Guinea where fruits and insects are found in abundance and no predators are around These factors combine to make the island an ideal place for birds Successful mating has thus been the driving force in the evolution of birds of paradise Over millions of years they have slowly undergone changes in their color feathers and other talents Characteristics that made one bird more attractive than another were passed on and enhanced over time resulting in the creation of these unique spectacular species of birds

(A) the pressures of survival birds of paradise have ~ in attracting mates +(A) (B)

CDPreed of failed reg Encouraged by specialized regDriven by excelled )Preed of specialized regDriven by failed

20131d

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25pound

0flfiliD 4 -cf ~Qj ~Jpound 7l-AJ- -3HI~ 3 ~

Unlike the general belief that climate change and the

loss of the ozone layer are pretty much the same thing

they are two different problems that are not very closely connected The largest contributor to global warming is

carbon dioxide gas released when coal oil and natural

gas are burned CFCs gases which cause stratospheric

ozone depletion play only a minor role in climate change The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer is a serious environmental problem because it causes an

increase in ultraviolet radiation which can harm people animals and plants It is also believed that the space

program is a major contributor to climate change

because it punches holes in the atmosphere In fact the

space program has almost no effect on climate change

For example gases released by rocket exhaust have no

real impact on global warming They have only a small

largely short-term local effect on the different problem

of stratospheric ozone depletion

+ CD controversial views on the space program

reg common misconceptions about climate change reg causes of global warming and ozone depletion

impacts of the space program on global warming

reg difference between climate change and ozone depletion

[57] c~ t~1-OI1 ~Oi~ W~ 7~ ~~~ ~~ jJ2AI2

GMmco bullbullmiddotiEImiddotcmiddotbull bullDr~

5

Retirement is a big deal for most men and can turn out to be one of the most stressful periods in a mans

life Its not the loss of his job that causes so much stress

its the loss of something far greater - the loss of his

identity When approaching retirement a man will often

want to deny that his working life is about to suddenly

end He feels he has so much knowledge and experience

that his employers and associates wont be able to lose

all of his talent and still continue The fact that they

feel they can and probably will usually feels like a solid kick in the guts Unable to this many men reassure themselves with the belief that theyll

become consultants instead It feels like a worthwhile step On one hand there wont be the need for long

hours of work On the other they will still be important

cogs in the wheel

CD face regcreate regdevelop protect regattempt

6

In a good law office the beginner fresh out of law

school is first assigned to This is not

only the intelligent thing to do before one sits down to work out the case for ones own client but it is also the

appropriate training for a young lawyer One has to

assume after all that the other lawyer is reasonably

intelligent but sees a different reality This practice trains

him or her not to start out with I know why my case is

right but with thinking through what it is that the other

side must know see or take in order to win the case It

tells him or her to see the case from different

perspectives Only then is he or she likely to understand

what his or her own case is all about Only then can he

or she make a strong case in court so that his or her

scenario is preferred over that of the other side

CD write down every word of the judges instruction reg pay attention to the evidence of the case at hand reg meet the victim and all the witnesses of the case listen to the statement of the accused in the investigation reg write down the possible arguments by the oppositions

lawyer +7

Socrates begins the discussion of knowledge with his

brilliant pupil Theaetetus by exploring the possibility

that knowledge is perception The temptation to define

knowledge as perception is strong because we do often

claim knowledge on the basis of perception To say I see it I hear it or I feel it is tantamount in many

circumstances to saying I know it But Socrates and

Theaetetus note that we also claim to know things that

are not perceived All of the following are things we

might claim to know but we would not claim to

perceive them If an object is red all over it cannot be

blue all over a statement (of fact) cannot be true and

false at the same time if p is true and q is true then p q

(p and q) is true Noting that there are truths that the mind knows without the necessary participation of the

senses Socrates and Theaetetus conclude that knowledge _______

CD can be perceived as a sense

reg cannot be equated with perception

reg cannot be achieved without perception

decreases with unnecessary senses involved

reg improves as the senses are more developed

_~Oi 2 20133

rh 17

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25pound1

8 ct irQj Al1~Qpound 7~ 3i11~ 3L~

Hybrid cars have become so eco-friendly that they now trump at least one form of human locomotion running Alberto E Minetti professor of physiology at the

University of Milan along with his masters student

Gaspare Pavei compared the CO2 emissions of four

men walking running and biking with the emissions of a

hybrid vehicle carrying those same four men The

scientists found that the four men would release more CO2 by jogging than if they boarded a hybrid car (On

average four women jogging would release less CO2

than if they rode in a car because of their lower body

mass) Here goes the lesson Next time you and three

male friends are late for the movies dont run Take a

hybrid taxi to the theater if you are concerned about

Mother Nature

+

CD When Cars Are Greener Than People

reg Hybrid Cars Gain PopUlarity among Men

reg More Walking And Less Cars for the Earth

) Hybrid Cars More Eco-friendly Than Bikes

reg Who Produces More CO2 Emissions Men Or Women

liHliI 9 ~oj~)pJ ctoJl degloj~ irQj ~)ipound 7AJ 3i11~ 3l~

About 90 percent of people are right-handed says

Corballis

(A) That means the vast majority of people on this planet

have strongly lateralized brains Thats probably no

accident Corballis says He suggests that early in

human history and possibly even in our pre-human

ancestors evolution delegated different cognitive

responsibilities to the brains two hemispheres

(B) It would be inefficient for both sides to for example

process a persons speech When one hemisphere does

that on its own it frees up the other hemisphere to do

something else such as sort out the speechs emotional

content

(C) The remaining 10 percent are either left-handed or in

some degree ambidextrous though people with true

ambidexterity - ie no dominant hand at all - only

make up about 1 percent of the popUlation he posits lateralized ~~~ jl~l

CD (A) - (C) - (B) reg (B) - (A) - (C)

reg (B) - (C) - (A) ) (C) - (A) - (B)

reg (C) - (B) - (A)

_0~ 0101 3

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~oj~ ~pound 7AJ 3i11~ 31 ~

The birds of paradise a name for the brilliantly colored birds that mostly live on the island of New Guinea invite us to solve a mystery of nature It seems to be a contradiction that such extreme feathers of colors which could make the birds much more noticeable to predators could have been favored by the process of evolution Probably the answer may lie the scientists suggest in the unique environment of New Guinea where fruits and insects are found in abundance and no predators are around These factors combine to make the island an ideal place for birds Successful mating has thus been the driving force in the evolution of birds of paradise Over millions of years they have slowly undergone changes in their color feathers and other talents Characteristics that made one bird more attractive than another were passed on and enhanced over time resulting in the creation of these unique spectacular species of birds

(A) the pressures of survival birds of paradise have ~ in attracting mates +(A) (B)

CDPreed of failed reg Encouraged by specialized regDriven by excelled )Preed of specialized regDriven by failed

20131d

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25pound1

8 ct irQj Al1~Qpound 7~ 3i11~ 3L~

Hybrid cars have become so eco-friendly that they now trump at least one form of human locomotion running Alberto E Minetti professor of physiology at the

University of Milan along with his masters student

Gaspare Pavei compared the CO2 emissions of four

men walking running and biking with the emissions of a

hybrid vehicle carrying those same four men The

scientists found that the four men would release more CO2 by jogging than if they boarded a hybrid car (On

average four women jogging would release less CO2

than if they rode in a car because of their lower body

mass) Here goes the lesson Next time you and three

male friends are late for the movies dont run Take a

hybrid taxi to the theater if you are concerned about

Mother Nature

+

CD When Cars Are Greener Than People

reg Hybrid Cars Gain PopUlarity among Men

reg More Walking And Less Cars for the Earth

) Hybrid Cars More Eco-friendly Than Bikes

reg Who Produces More CO2 Emissions Men Or Women

liHliI 9 ~oj~)pJ ctoJl degloj~ irQj ~)ipound 7AJ 3i11~ 3l~

About 90 percent of people are right-handed says

Corballis

(A) That means the vast majority of people on this planet

have strongly lateralized brains Thats probably no

accident Corballis says He suggests that early in

human history and possibly even in our pre-human

ancestors evolution delegated different cognitive

responsibilities to the brains two hemispheres

(B) It would be inefficient for both sides to for example

process a persons speech When one hemisphere does

that on its own it frees up the other hemisphere to do

something else such as sort out the speechs emotional

content

(C) The remaining 10 percent are either left-handed or in

some degree ambidextrous though people with true

ambidexterity - ie no dominant hand at all - only

make up about 1 percent of the popUlation he posits lateralized ~~~ jl~l

CD (A) - (C) - (B) reg (B) - (A) - (C)

reg (B) - (C) - (A) ) (C) - (A) - (B)

reg (C) - (B) - (A)

_0~ 0101 3

10 ct irQj tll sect g ~ PJQpound iL$JV ~q til~ (A)Q (B)oJ]

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The birds of paradise a name for the brilliantly colored birds that mostly live on the island of New Guinea invite us to solve a mystery of nature It seems to be a contradiction that such extreme feathers of colors which could make the birds much more noticeable to predators could have been favored by the process of evolution Probably the answer may lie the scientists suggest in the unique environment of New Guinea where fruits and insects are found in abundance and no predators are around These factors combine to make the island an ideal place for birds Successful mating has thus been the driving force in the evolution of birds of paradise Over millions of years they have slowly undergone changes in their color feathers and other talents Characteristics that made one bird more attractive than another were passed on and enhanced over time resulting in the creation of these unique spectacular species of birds

(A) the pressures of survival birds of paradise have ~ in attracting mates +(A) (B)

CDPreed of failed reg Encouraged by specialized regDriven by excelled )Preed of specialized regDriven by failed

20131d

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(A)

Stress is blamed for everything these days - from

exhaustion and bad temper to heart disease and high blood pressure So its hardly surprising that most people think stress is the root of all ills and something to be avoided at

all costs As a result we consider anything that makes

sudden or big demands on us to be stressful and bad for

our health To stay off illness and feel calm we spend a

small fortune on spas scented candles and sunshine

holidays

(B)

As the body (a) - mostly from the age of about

35 - this self-repair mechanism starts to slow down The

best way to keep the process working efficiently is to

exercise it in the same way youd exercise your muscles or

heart to keep them strong That means you have to seek

out stress in order for the body to keep responding to it It can be said that stress is our side in that it can help us stay

healthier When working properly it makes you stay focused

energetic and alert Thats why we try to enjoy the stress

+ (C)

Of course not Its the (b) of stress that is crucial

Only mild to moderate stress works in the bodys favor by

increasing the production of regenerative proteins that

nourish brain cells enabling them to function at peak

capacity These cells reinforce the neural connections and

physical repair pathways that usually become worse with

age For example if you have to run for a bus or are under

pressure to finish some work quickly cells in the body or the

brain are put under stress and start to break down This is

when the cells own self-repair mechanism starts producing

proteins that repair damage and strengthen the cells

(D)

But its all a (c) Stress is not bad for you - its

actually vital for survival In fact building stress into your

life can actually make you live longer The right sort of

stress can protect you against Alzheimers and other

chronic age-related diseases such as arthritis and heart

disease If you dont get enough stress you could be doing

yourself more harm than good It is really amazing news

Then could we say that all kinds of stress are good for

your health

~a u ltgtJ~ ~ (A)ltgtll deg1ltgtJ~ tll sect ~ ~Ailtgtll ~rjlllWeuro~ -3 O 7]-7J- ~

~~-3~ CD (B) - (D) - (C) reg (C) - (B) - (D)

reg (C) - (D) - (B) (D) - (B) - (C)

reg (D) - (C) - (B)

12 ~~2J Jilsu- (a) (b) (c)ltgtll ~oJ~ Wpound 7]-7J-~~~ -3 ~ (a) (b) (c)

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regages symptom myth

regages degree myth exercises symptom myth

regexercises degree fact

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~1 lrcs~ 9-~~ MI S-e~OjlfE Ol 7~ ~~

oiCt 0

7 Mill Ill fE mreg ~~~H~ ~2EJ1A 12l BjBj~ AiJ7t EJ10oJlEjlJf-~2) 71 ~ol 7]Z012 7~~ It-r~pound~gtgti 71~0i1 tJ1 ~ ~~~ )l-3f~q ~~7 7]Zl~ ~tJ1pound 7]~ ~

Pcl-i]-7l TIl1~oJ1 71~ ~ 71zpoundpound -rr~-Jl7 iN=shyR~ ~ 7iq 1-3~ ~q 1-3 ~ ~ q s 1-3~ 711qJI ~iN=- 3~ J~ AJ-~0i11--j

1-3 ~ ~qJI ~N=- -3x ~q 1elLj- ~2 EJ1~ Ej1degl-oJ1Ej]Jf-~ ~~ 71 Zpoundj 71 j~ -3pound ~qJIpJ-~ -3oJl Ta~q -toJ12 2~ -3~ ~~7]- ~qJI M~ ~ ~ -3~o]7]Jt 1 -3~ ~ 7]Z~qJIpJ-i7] t~ -30]q cgti~JA

~o] ~~ 6lJ 0]1 1-3~ 2yen Df~6lJil ~ ~ q ltgt]ll )]-1l2l ~o] )]oJl ~0]~Lj- 7i-il ~ ~q 1l-~ p7 ~o]JI q7]- ~o]1 pqs ~o] q tz2l ~Il~ ~~ idols Di~7 0l- ~~7 ~q -3oJl Tai~ plusmn32Ej1A2 Ej]oOi]Ej]Jf-~

71-amp1 0171zx ~~ idqJI ~~-q

ltgtI-W~ 7~

bull temptation ~

bull define Tt~~q

bull claim 9-~fCf

bull tantamount Wf ~g bull equate ~CfJl RA15iCt ~efJl (~zt)5fCf to with)

bull Socrates begins the discussion of knowledge

with his brilliant pupil Theaetetus by exploring

the possibility that knowledge is perception that

olofE the possibility~ 11~5fE -sect-Cl2j ~)~olq

The temptation to define knowledge as

perception is strong because we do often claim

knowledge on the basis of perception The

temptation 0 I 4-01 is7f sectA~ g~OICf becausedegI

of2j ~Oll)-j doe ~)f claim~ plusmn~q

All of the following are things we might claim to

know but we would not claim to perceive them

we might claim to knowE things~ ~ofE tlshy

2

lll~pound know2j ~O1 Q1~~ ofE tl-lll)[ that fi= which7f ~~sj01 ~q

(Solution )

~2fElI62t JQj AilAf ElIOfOlIEl~6e ~l7f AlztpoundlA1

etg Apound ~CfE )~OII ~5fOj AI~ Alztpoundpound ~

5fE ~210I1 (H~H tt~ ~lcfE Ol ~Ql L~Ipoundpound

~LIOjI ~Ojy Wpound ~~~g ~ (AI~OI) Alztil- ~

~ aiCf olq

Watch your step

ltD -ftzt2pound ~~~ ~q

-ft2jD1 ~Ole j~~ ~q

tl-~ ~pound~ -ftztllf CI~Oj -ftplusmn~q

yztol CI ~~~~ gr~~q

8 fc41Ilamp1 ~2 ]il~ mCD ~~~H~

i]-01~E 7l-~]-7 Lif-Lj- ~~78~01 poundjcgtil--j 0l~]

~cgtis ~ 7]-7] ~Ell2l ~2l 0] 7]a ~ it~71

~ Ai11tq ~2x tJ1amp2l )~~amp jj~il Alberto E

Minetti lj]~2l t7~0] ~JI lfjJI 7]-~~~ ~ ~ uJl2l o]sect]-~~ aH~~1 ~J~ t7] ~ ~ Ell -amp iO]~E 7l-~2l aH~BJ=~ tl]jj~q lj] ~2l

t7] ~ ~ ~7J ~ ~~ uJl io]~E ~~ ~~ uJli q rJ J~ deg1sect]-~~~ aij~t -30] ~~poundj~ q (~ir~poundpound4~2l ~7~01 ~7cl~ ~uJl ~ 0] ri ~JI] Lj-7]-7] uJl~oJ1 ~]-oJl ~~ uJliq o]sect]-~ ~~ r~ ~1 aij~iJI] yenqJ ~71oJ] jj~o] ~q q g oj] ~~3 q~ Ail ~2l t7 ~7 ~ 0] ~sect]- )]zoJ]

~~ uJllfj7]lll-2 ~~2l 7]-CdoJl ~78 ~ ~q1 ~ ~o 5 i01~E 131)]~ EfJI7]-2 + OI-W~ 7~

bull trump (2~1II5) Olllq

bull locomotion ~ol~

bull physiology ~2I~

bull board ~2fEfq

bull mass 371 f1I1 ~~

[Solution

111 ~pound1 tAI~ 71~poundpound ~H)-j J~OI ~ lQIScf 5fOi

2IE ~~ Efe 35f C-j Ol~~plusmn IlH~~OI ~cfE

ltc-=- ~iOII LI~ ~OIEpound Ai~poundpound l~ ~~t g

ltD Afsectjflf )fltM~Sq rI ~~3~ IQI Olef

9 -11lamp1 ~2 eAi m

~~oH~

2f 902l A]-ft~O] 2~t~o12JI Corballis ~~q (C) Lj-Di7] 10 ~ ~~01~Lj- 0J=~01

o]q ~elLj- ~~~ 0J=~J01il )ft~ ~ ~8J

yenEel7]Jl1 )j-iN=- ~o] ~ )ft~~ ~~ ~~1

il-rQj 2f 1 ~s~oJl pound171 tqJI ~ trAJ~ q (A) deg1-3~ 71-r0i11fJI ~ il-r2l QjtJ1~ qj

~7]- 7J-iJl1 cgti ~~2pound ~]~~ ~~ 7]-7]JI ~ q -3~ 2lu]~q 1-3~ 01l ~tltJ ~Cd~ il0] o~ -30]2JI Corballis ~q il2l ~7] ~ l-oJll--j 1~JI ous 1l7]cgti ~ 0]~2l ~~ )]7]

Oi] ~2]-il--E x~oJll--J ~2l yen ft-rOil Z7] t~ il 7]~ 31]~~ i~~ -30]2JI1 7~~q (8) oj] ~ ~cgti o~ ~pound i~i5- )~Qj icgti ~i~~ i]-s

20131d

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113-SLP(-a3)~ ltgtj-25sect1lt~~)-1 ~ 2013521 919 AM njlOl 12 rh f

25~1

~ 1l1~OI AIrz-gt~1 Dixie ~~

71~ 1[11~2I- 2~ lIfJlj2j xfOI

5 UIIlQ Ill ~ mCD ~~oH~

~~ tJ11f ~2l t7~0i]1 ~~o]JI t72l il~

0i]1--j 7~ ~secttJ]~7 poundI )]71 2l iLj-pound Eeleuro[ ~ ~q ~~1 J~ AsectCJl~~ ilpound7] -3~ -3J ~~ ~ l-l1o] oyq ~-3~ ~~ rJ ~ -3 ~ ~ -3ilEll ~ 1-3~ ~~]J lcgtiBi~ -3 o]q ~il7 q721 t7N=- H 12l -3JAJ- )~~

0] f771 ifeuro[ -3 ol2 -3~ yeniliJI1tltgt]~ -30] q 1 7~o] uij~ J~ 71~x 78~ ~ 77]JI ~ cgtiA-j JI~x E~O] 12l 2~ AJlo- ~ lllX 7-l14f Lj-o77] ~ -3o]2JI711q 1~o] 1~ ~ ~JI ou1~ -30]2JI 711q )l1oJll--j tJ17ij yenl7 3JI] ~ olJ 12j ~ ~~ 7J 7]-7]JI] yenq o]-3 ~ -3J1~ ~7 idcgtil--j J~ t7~~ 1~o] tJ1~

Oi] AJ-it77 ~ -3ol2 VdgQpound 7]-~~ ~1l1-17j q ~-3~ 7~] ~ tr7-llil -3~i~ ~~q ~~ poundpound ~I-] il~ ~R7 ~~ -30]JI 1el1I--js ~Itlpoundpound ~~i] ~ ~-3J 4f2l J1~ ~o t o ~~ -30lq

01$121-7 ~ bull associate sectSi

bull gut ~Af ~

bull cog (sectLIIKj2j) 01

+ bull The fact that they feel they can and probably

will usually feels like a solid kick in the guts The

fact21- that~g sectCI tl-lllpound)i middotrv2fe )~ pound oH-6I~

q canllf will q~le ~ ~Oll qg lose all of

his talent and still continue2fe WOI ~~sj~q

~Solution

EI~ ~~ )~~~ AtiQ ~gjOI -ftAfll ruOl~cfE

)~~ ~O~Olll Olat~ofOj Aflilf ~~I)i ai0lA1

c12fpound gjflf o~ ff-Ailaiol ~~~ ~cfE )~~

~~5fE ~ ipound~~tqll ~fll ~q ~Q pound~poundpound

Sof olil~ )~~ ~2poundpound Df9-t If aictll OHo~

5fpoundpound ~LIOjI ~Ojy Ypound l~ ~~~ gltD ~25f

Cr olef

6bull4iIIlQ iJn ~ mreg ~~oH~

-T~ 1rJ~ 2]1-]-0i]1--j poundA~g ~ ~~~ ~~ ~sect

I-]-OilJi] ~ g oj] AJ-tJ1Itl ~sectA2l ~JAJ-Oi]I--j 7pg~

pJ- ~i i-e il0] W~~q 0]3~ tr7] ol-I-i 7~2l JIZljg --j~ ~~Oi] ~~i]-71 ~oJl i5ijOJ ~ ~~~ ilil ~1l- oy2 s~ ~~ ~sectA~--j~ ~~~ ~M ~~0]7]s iq ~~ AJ-tJ1Itl ~sectI-s ~~~Qpound ~~i]-711l- q~ ~l1g iJl ~qJI 7]shyAJi5ij0J~q 01 Cd~~ ~~ yensectA]-Oj1J111f Lj-2l ~~o1 -poundq -3~ ~q ~AJ-OilA-j A1-3fi]-71 ~ JI ~i ~ 017171 --ji5ijA-j AJ-tJ1olJ-O] ftc )1 ~ooJ

iJI io]-oJ i]-~Lj- ~i5H0J iN=- 30] f-3il71 ~ ~7-ji]-Jl] ~Zi5ij i ti]A-j )]-3fi]-s~ ~M)j7jq

0] olJ-~~ ~ ~ ~sectA]-oJ]Jl1 i]-Lj-2l A]-( q~ a1=l ~0i]1--j i2JI ~~q 1 uJlA-joJ ~~ yensectAN=- 7]shy

~2l ~~o] ~~ f-3oJ] tJ1~ -3~7] o]i5ijl ~ ~

A t bull ii 01Igt) I Of0

q 1 uJll--j0J ~ ~ ~sectI-N=- 1rJ~Oi])i 7~2l )]Ljshy~27]- AJtJ1olJ2l -3iq ~sectpoundjs~ 7J~~ ~~

~cgtiil~~q

0I-W2I- 7~ bull case 1[11~ )f-c

bull This is not only the intelligent thing to do before

one sits down to work out the case for ones own

client but it is also the appropriate training for a

young lawyer not only rv but also i= ~~

OfLI2f pound 2l-i= ~oICf before rv cliente rvof71

~Olr 2fe ~pound1 [H~ qEfLHe f)~olef

Solution

~~ 61 )ffplusmn0I1)1i= ig 1pound)~11I1 AtiO I ~

g Af-cOII (H~H ~(H~ ~~~ ~~H S1I1 ru-poundSU1 J

)f-cOII (HoH efe ztpoundOII)i ~zf3H S1I1 5~1l ~LI~OII

711 ~~ Ol f~~A1 ntQf5fJlI 5fOj AIlllt~ ~215f

1I1 01~0l L~ ~1I1 ~C~il ~fll ~cf OI2i~ ~

2j LH~2pound SO~ ~LlOjle ~CH~ 1pound)fQl d~0I1

~1 lrcs~ 9-~~ MI S-e~OjlfE Ol 7~ ~~

oiCt 0

7 Mill Ill fE mreg ~~~H~ ~2EJ1A 12l BjBj~ AiJ7t EJ10oJlEjlJf-~2) 71 ~ol 7]Z012 7~~ It-r~pound~gtgti 71~0i1 tJ1 ~ ~~~ )l-3f~q ~~7 7]Zl~ ~tJ1pound 7]~ ~

Pcl-i]-7l TIl1~oJ1 71~ ~ 71zpoundpound -rr~-Jl7 iN=shyR~ ~ 7iq 1-3~ ~q 1-3 ~ ~ q s 1-3~ 711qJI ~iN=- 3~ J~ AJ-~0i11--j

1-3 ~ ~qJI ~N=- -3x ~q 1elLj- ~2 EJ1~ Ej1degl-oJ1Ej]Jf-~ ~~ 71 Zpoundj 71 j~ -3pound ~qJIpJ-~ -3oJl Ta~q -toJ12 2~ -3~ ~~7]- ~qJI M~ ~ ~ -3~o]7]Jt 1 -3~ ~ 7]Z~qJIpJ-i7] t~ -30]q cgti~JA

~o] ~~ 6lJ 0]1 1-3~ 2yen Df~6lJil ~ ~ q ltgt]ll )]-1l2l ~o] )]oJl ~0]~Lj- 7i-il ~ ~q 1l-~ p7 ~o]JI q7]- ~o]1 pqs ~o] q tz2l ~Il~ ~~ idols Di~7 0l- ~~7 ~q -3oJl Tai~ plusmn32Ej1A2 Ej]oOi]Ej]Jf-~

71-amp1 0171zx ~~ idqJI ~~-q

ltgtI-W~ 7~

bull temptation ~

bull define Tt~~q

bull claim 9-~fCf

bull tantamount Wf ~g bull equate ~CfJl RA15iCt ~efJl (~zt)5fCf to with)

bull Socrates begins the discussion of knowledge

with his brilliant pupil Theaetetus by exploring

the possibility that knowledge is perception that

olofE the possibility~ 11~5fE -sect-Cl2j ~)~olq

The temptation to define knowledge as

perception is strong because we do often claim

knowledge on the basis of perception The

temptation 0 I 4-01 is7f sectA~ g~OICf becausedegI

of2j ~Oll)-j doe ~)f claim~ plusmn~q

All of the following are things we might claim to

know but we would not claim to perceive them

we might claim to knowE things~ ~ofE tlshy

2

lll~pound know2j ~O1 Q1~~ ofE tl-lll)[ that fi= which7f ~~sj01 ~q

(Solution )

~2fElI62t JQj AilAf ElIOfOlIEl~6e ~l7f AlztpoundlA1

etg Apound ~CfE )~OII ~5fOj AI~ Alztpoundpound ~

5fE ~210I1 (H~H tt~ ~lcfE Ol ~Ql L~Ipoundpound

~LIOjI ~Ojy Wpound ~~~g ~ (AI~OI) Alztil- ~

~ aiCf olq

Watch your step

ltD -ftzt2pound ~~~ ~q

-ft2jD1 ~Ole j~~ ~q

tl-~ ~pound~ -ftztllf CI~Oj -ftplusmn~q

yztol CI ~~~~ gr~~q

8 fc41Ilamp1 ~2 ]il~ mCD ~~~H~

i]-01~E 7l-~]-7 Lif-Lj- ~~78~01 poundjcgtil--j 0l~]

~cgtis ~ 7]-7] ~Ell2l ~2l 0] 7]a ~ it~71

~ Ai11tq ~2x tJ1amp2l )~~amp jj~il Alberto E

Minetti lj]~2l t7~0] ~JI lfjJI 7]-~~~ ~ ~ uJl2l o]sect]-~~ aH~~1 ~J~ t7] ~ ~ Ell -amp iO]~E 7l-~2l aH~BJ=~ tl]jj~q lj] ~2l

t7] ~ ~ ~7J ~ ~~ uJl io]~E ~~ ~~ uJli q rJ J~ deg1sect]-~~~ aij~t -30] ~~poundj~ q (~ir~poundpound4~2l ~7~01 ~7cl~ ~uJl ~ 0] ri ~JI] Lj-7]-7] uJl~oJ1 ~]-oJl ~~ uJliq o]sect]-~ ~~ r~ ~1 aij~iJI] yenqJ ~71oJ] jj~o] ~q q g oj] ~~3 q~ Ail ~2l t7 ~7 ~ 0] ~sect]- )]zoJ]

~~ uJllfj7]lll-2 ~~2l 7]-CdoJl ~78 ~ ~q1 ~ ~o 5 i01~E 131)]~ EfJI7]-2 + OI-W~ 7~

bull trump (2~1II5) Olllq

bull locomotion ~ol~

bull physiology ~2I~

bull board ~2fEfq

bull mass 371 f1I1 ~~

[Solution

111 ~pound1 tAI~ 71~poundpound ~H)-j J~OI ~ lQIScf 5fOi

2IE ~~ Efe 35f C-j Ol~~plusmn IlH~~OI ~cfE

ltc-=- ~iOII LI~ ~OIEpound Ai~poundpound l~ ~~t g

ltD Afsectjflf )fltM~Sq rI ~~3~ IQI Olef

9 -11lamp1 ~2 eAi m

~~oH~

2f 902l A]-ft~O] 2~t~o12JI Corballis ~~q (C) Lj-Di7] 10 ~ ~~01~Lj- 0J=~01

o]q ~elLj- ~~~ 0J=~J01il )ft~ ~ ~8J

yenEel7]Jl1 )j-iN=- ~o] ~ )ft~~ ~~ ~~1

il-rQj 2f 1 ~s~oJl pound171 tqJI ~ trAJ~ q (A) deg1-3~ 71-r0i11fJI ~ il-r2l QjtJ1~ qj

~7]- 7J-iJl1 cgti ~~2pound ~]~~ ~~ 7]-7]JI ~ q -3~ 2lu]~q 1-3~ 01l ~tltJ ~Cd~ il0] o~ -30]2JI Corballis ~q il2l ~7] ~ l-oJll--j 1~JI ous 1l7]cgti ~ 0]~2l ~~ )]7]

Oi] ~2]-il--E x~oJll--J ~2l yen ft-rOil Z7] t~ il 7]~ 31]~~ i~~ -30]2JI1 7~~q (8) oj] ~ ~cgti o~ ~pound i~i5- )~Qj icgti ~i~~ i]-s

20131d

rh yen

113-SLP(-a3)~ ltgtj-25sect1lt~~)-1 ~ 2013521 919 AM njlOl 12 rh f

25~1

~ 1l1~OI AIrz-gt~1 Dixie ~~

71~ 1[11~2I- 2~ lIfJlj2j xfOI

5 UIIlQ Ill ~ mCD ~~oH~

~~ tJ11f ~2l t7~0i]1 ~~o]JI t72l il~

0i]1--j 7~ ~secttJ]~7 poundI )]71 2l iLj-pound Eeleuro[ ~ ~q ~~1 J~ AsectCJl~~ ilpound7] -3~ -3J ~~ ~ l-l1o] oyq ~-3~ ~~ rJ ~ -3 ~ ~ -3ilEll ~ 1-3~ ~~]J lcgtiBi~ -3 o]q ~il7 q721 t7N=- H 12l -3JAJ- )~~

0] f771 ifeuro[ -3 ol2 -3~ yeniliJI1tltgt]~ -30] q 1 7~o] uij~ J~ 71~x 78~ ~ 77]JI ~ cgtiA-j JI~x E~O] 12l 2~ AJlo- ~ lllX 7-l14f Lj-o77] ~ -3o]2JI711q 1~o] 1~ ~ ~JI ou1~ -30]2JI 711q )l1oJll--j tJ17ij yenl7 3JI] ~ olJ 12j ~ ~~ 7J 7]-7]JI] yenq o]-3 ~ -3J1~ ~7 idcgtil--j J~ t7~~ 1~o] tJ1~

Oi] AJ-it77 ~ -3ol2 VdgQpound 7]-~~ ~1l1-17j q ~-3~ 7~] ~ tr7-llil -3~i~ ~~q ~~ poundpound ~I-] il~ ~R7 ~~ -30]JI 1el1I--js ~Itlpoundpound ~~i] ~ ~-3J 4f2l J1~ ~o t o ~~ -30lq

01$121-7 ~ bull associate sectSi

bull gut ~Af ~

bull cog (sectLIIKj2j) 01

+ bull The fact that they feel they can and probably

will usually feels like a solid kick in the guts The

fact21- that~g sectCI tl-lllpound)i middotrv2fe )~ pound oH-6I~

q canllf will q~le ~ ~Oll qg lose all of

his talent and still continue2fe WOI ~~sj~q

~Solution

EI~ ~~ )~~~ AtiQ ~gjOI -ftAfll ruOl~cfE

)~~ ~O~Olll Olat~ofOj Aflilf ~~I)i ai0lA1

c12fpound gjflf o~ ff-Ailaiol ~~~ ~cfE )~~

~~5fE ~ ipound~~tqll ~fll ~q ~Q pound~poundpound

Sof olil~ )~~ ~2poundpound Df9-t If aictll OHo~

5fpoundpound ~LIOjI ~Ojy Ypound l~ ~~~ gltD ~25f

Cr olef

6bull4iIIlQ iJn ~ mreg ~~oH~

-T~ 1rJ~ 2]1-]-0i]1--j poundA~g ~ ~~~ ~~ ~sect

I-]-OilJi] ~ g oj] AJ-tJ1Itl ~sectA2l ~JAJ-Oi]I--j 7pg~

pJ- ~i i-e il0] W~~q 0]3~ tr7] ol-I-i 7~2l JIZljg --j~ ~~Oi] ~~i]-71 ~oJl i5ijOJ ~ ~~~ ilil ~1l- oy2 s~ ~~ ~sectA~--j~ ~~~ ~M ~~0]7]s iq ~~ AJ-tJ1Itl ~sectI-s ~~~Qpound ~~i]-711l- q~ ~l1g iJl ~qJI 7]shyAJi5ij0J~q 01 Cd~~ ~~ yensectA]-Oj1J111f Lj-2l ~~o1 -poundq -3~ ~q ~AJ-OilA-j A1-3fi]-71 ~ JI ~i ~ 017171 --ji5ijA-j AJ-tJ1olJ-O] ftc )1 ~ooJ

iJI io]-oJ i]-~Lj- ~i5H0J iN=- 30] f-3il71 ~ ~7-ji]-Jl] ~Zi5ij i ti]A-j )]-3fi]-s~ ~M)j7jq

0] olJ-~~ ~ ~ ~sectA]-oJ]Jl1 i]-Lj-2l A]-( q~ a1=l ~0i]1--j i2JI ~~q 1 uJlA-joJ ~~ yensectAN=- 7]shy

~2l ~~o] ~~ f-3oJ] tJ1~ -3~7] o]i5ijl ~ ~

A t bull ii 01Igt) I Of0

q 1 uJll--j0J ~ ~ ~sectI-N=- 1rJ~Oi])i 7~2l )]Ljshy~27]- AJtJ1olJ2l -3iq ~sectpoundjs~ 7J~~ ~~

~cgtiil~~q

0I-W2I- 7~ bull case 1[11~ )f-c

bull This is not only the intelligent thing to do before

one sits down to work out the case for ones own

client but it is also the appropriate training for a

young lawyer not only rv but also i= ~~

OfLI2f pound 2l-i= ~oICf before rv cliente rvof71

~Olr 2fe ~pound1 [H~ qEfLHe f)~olef

Solution

~~ 61 )ffplusmn0I1)1i= ig 1pound)~11I1 AtiO I ~

g Af-cOII (H~H ~(H~ ~~~ ~~H S1I1 ru-poundSU1 J

)f-cOII (HoH efe ztpoundOII)i ~zf3H S1I1 5~1l ~LI~OII

711 ~~ Ol f~~A1 ntQf5fJlI 5fOj AIlllt~ ~215f

1I1 01~0l L~ ~1I1 ~C~il ~fll ~cf OI2i~ ~

2j LH~2pound SO~ ~LlOjle ~CH~ 1pound)fQl d~0I1

~1 lrcs~ 9-~~ MI S-e~OjlfE Ol 7~ ~~

oiCt 0

7 Mill Ill fE mreg ~~~H~ ~2EJ1A 12l BjBj~ AiJ7t EJ10oJlEjlJf-~2) 71 ~ol 7]Z012 7~~ It-r~pound~gtgti 71~0i1 tJ1 ~ ~~~ )l-3f~q ~~7 7]Zl~ ~tJ1pound 7]~ ~

Pcl-i]-7l TIl1~oJ1 71~ ~ 71zpoundpound -rr~-Jl7 iN=shyR~ ~ 7iq 1-3~ ~q 1-3 ~ ~ q s 1-3~ 711qJI ~iN=- 3~ J~ AJ-~0i11--j

1-3 ~ ~qJI ~N=- -3x ~q 1elLj- ~2 EJ1~ Ej1degl-oJ1Ej]Jf-~ ~~ 71 Zpoundj 71 j~ -3pound ~qJIpJ-~ -3oJl Ta~q -toJ12 2~ -3~ ~~7]- ~qJI M~ ~ ~ -3~o]7]Jt 1 -3~ ~ 7]Z~qJIpJ-i7] t~ -30]q cgti~JA

~o] ~~ 6lJ 0]1 1-3~ 2yen Df~6lJil ~ ~ q ltgt]ll )]-1l2l ~o] )]oJl ~0]~Lj- 7i-il ~ ~q 1l-~ p7 ~o]JI q7]- ~o]1 pqs ~o] q tz2l ~Il~ ~~ idols Di~7 0l- ~~7 ~q -3oJl Tai~ plusmn32Ej1A2 Ej]oOi]Ej]Jf-~

71-amp1 0171zx ~~ idqJI ~~-q

ltgtI-W~ 7~

bull temptation ~

bull define Tt~~q

bull claim 9-~fCf

bull tantamount Wf ~g bull equate ~CfJl RA15iCt ~efJl (~zt)5fCf to with)

bull Socrates begins the discussion of knowledge

with his brilliant pupil Theaetetus by exploring

the possibility that knowledge is perception that

olofE the possibility~ 11~5fE -sect-Cl2j ~)~olq

The temptation to define knowledge as

perception is strong because we do often claim

knowledge on the basis of perception The

temptation 0 I 4-01 is7f sectA~ g~OICf becausedegI

of2j ~Oll)-j doe ~)f claim~ plusmn~q

All of the following are things we might claim to

know but we would not claim to perceive them

we might claim to knowE things~ ~ofE tlshy

2

lll~pound know2j ~O1 Q1~~ ofE tl-lll)[ that fi= which7f ~~sj01 ~q

(Solution )

~2fElI62t JQj AilAf ElIOfOlIEl~6e ~l7f AlztpoundlA1

etg Apound ~CfE )~OII ~5fOj AI~ Alztpoundpound ~

5fE ~210I1 (H~H tt~ ~lcfE Ol ~Ql L~Ipoundpound

~LIOjI ~Ojy Wpound ~~~g ~ (AI~OI) Alztil- ~

~ aiCf olq

Watch your step

ltD -ftzt2pound ~~~ ~q

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Marine biologist Silvia MacHi was boating on the north

coast of Jamaica in the summer of 2001 (A) I which

when Ishe noticed something soar out of the sea At

first she thought it was a member of the flying fish

family - a group of marine fish that escape predators

by breaking the waters surface at great speed and

+

(B) I gliding glided I through the air on unusually large

pectoral fins But after tracing the creatures graceful

arc for a few seconds Macia realized this was no fish It

was a squid - and it was flying It was doing this weird

thing with its arms spread out almost in a circle recalls

Macia who teaches at Barry University in Florida It

had its fins (C) Iflare flared lout as much as it could - it

really looked like it was flying It hadnt accidentally

flopped out of the water it was maintaining its posture

in a certain way

(A) (B) (C)

CD which gliding flare

regwhich glided flared

regwhen gliding flare when glided flared

regwhen gliding flared

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Creativity expert Michael Michalko writes on his blog at Psychology Today that the most important thing students should be taught CD is that everyone is born a creative spontaneous thinker If students are told theyre creative they become creative and start working to acquire the skills reg needed to express that creative identity Conversely students who accept that theyre not creative reg develop mental blocks that keep them from trying or attempting anything new Michalko says students must also learn that all creative geniuses work passionately hard and produce incredible numbers of ideas and most of which are bad For example Thomas Edison came up with 3000 ideas for lighting systems that didnt work and of Shakespeares 154 sonnets some were no better than his contemporaries reg could have written and some were simply bad

+

3 tf~21 W~ ~ 1f ~ - gmjAJ i~21 ~~ol ~~5l-A] t ~

Because of our desire to feel good about ourselves we often use strategies to help maintain our CD positive selfshyviews One such strategy is self-handicapping For example the night before an exam students can avoid studying and stay out really late Then if they do badly they can blame their poor performance on their reg lack of preparation On the other hand if they happen to do well people say Wow they must be really reg smart because they have not studied but they still have done so well This is one reason that some people choose to put off a given assignment This strategy provides a ready excuse for failure that protects self-esteem After all if you can get a C on a paper you wrote the night before just imagine how well you could do if youd really tried your hardest By reg overcoming such obstacles individuals can blame failure on external factors rather than internal factors

~ RJJL~

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Low government revenue makes it difficult to pay decent salaries to public officials which makes them vulnerable to bribery It is actually quite remarkable how so many developing country government officials live honestly despite being paid a very small amount of money But the lower the salaries are the higher the chance that officials will give way to the temptation Also a limited government budget leads to a weak or even absent welfare state So the poor have to rely on favors from politicians who give out loyalty-based welfare benefits in return for votes In order to do this the politicians need money so they take bribes from corporations national and international that need their favor

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Marine biologist Silvia MacHi was boating on the north

coast of Jamaica in the summer of 2001 (A) I which

when Ishe noticed something soar out of the sea At

first she thought it was a member of the flying fish

family - a group of marine fish that escape predators

by breaking the waters surface at great speed and

+

(B) I gliding glided I through the air on unusually large

pectoral fins But after tracing the creatures graceful

arc for a few seconds Macia realized this was no fish It

was a squid - and it was flying It was doing this weird

thing with its arms spread out almost in a circle recalls

Macia who teaches at Barry University in Florida It

had its fins (C) Iflare flared lout as much as it could - it

really looked like it was flying It hadnt accidentally

flopped out of the water it was maintaining its posture

in a certain way

(A) (B) (C)

CD which gliding flare

regwhich glided flared

regwhen gliding flare when glided flared

regwhen gliding flared

2 rUL =LOI pl~lt1 t=It=I ~ nl alA1-sectl ~Qbull 1 P lt= -1 EO c --rr u - 1Jl 0 sect1 K - bull

Creativity expert Michael Michalko writes on his blog at Psychology Today that the most important thing students should be taught CD is that everyone is born a creative spontaneous thinker If students are told theyre creative they become creative and start working to acquire the skills reg needed to express that creative identity Conversely students who accept that theyre not creative reg develop mental blocks that keep them from trying or attempting anything new Michalko says students must also learn that all creative geniuses work passionately hard and produce incredible numbers of ideas and most of which are bad For example Thomas Edison came up with 3000 ideas for lighting systems that didnt work and of Shakespeares 154 sonnets some were no better than his contemporaries reg could have written and some were simply bad

+

3 tf~21 W~ ~ 1f ~ - gmjAJ i~21 ~~ol ~~5l-A] t ~

Because of our desire to feel good about ourselves we often use strategies to help maintain our CD positive selfshyviews One such strategy is self-handicapping For example the night before an exam students can avoid studying and stay out really late Then if they do badly they can blame their poor performance on their reg lack of preparation On the other hand if they happen to do well people say Wow they must be really reg smart because they have not studied but they still have done so well This is one reason that some people choose to put off a given assignment This strategy provides a ready excuse for failure that protects self-esteem After all if you can get a C on a paper you wrote the night before just imagine how well you could do if youd really tried your hardest By reg overcoming such obstacles individuals can blame failure on external factors rather than internal factors

~ RJJL~

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Low government revenue makes it difficult to pay decent salaries to public officials which makes them vulnerable to bribery It is actually quite remarkable how so many developing country government officials live honestly despite being paid a very small amount of money But the lower the salaries are the higher the chance that officials will give way to the temptation Also a limited government budget leads to a weak or even absent welfare state So the poor have to rely on favors from politicians who give out loyalty-based welfare benefits in return for votes In order to do this the politicians need money so they take bribes from corporations national and international that need their favor

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Some animals live a very extended life and others very short What determines the average life expectancy of a particular animal is dependent on many

evolutionary pressures In the bare fact of our aging and dying we resemble all other animals In the details however weve improved considerably over the course of our evolutionary history Life expectancy among US white adults is presently about seventy-eight years for men eighty-three for women Not a single individual of

any ape species (chimpanzees and orangutans) has been recorded as achieving the current life expectancy of

US whites and only exceptional apes reach their

fifties Evidently we than our closest

relatives

CD get taller reg are smarter reg die younger age more slowly

reg live more peacefully

+ 6 oe~

Harvard Business Revie~points out that the smartest companies just to spur the kind of creative problem solving that leads to the most innovative ideas and solutions For example back during Bell Telephones heydey the company usually required deposits from its high-risk customers but it once purposely let 100000 of these customers slide to see who would pay their bills on time regardless and who would not With this information the company was able to design a far more efficient screening processshyone that ended up adding millions of dollars in revenue As the Harvard Business authors conclude making mistakes like this is a powerful way to accelerate learning and increase competitiveness Its for this reason that however counterintuitive it may seem psychologists actually recommend that we fail early and often

CD even commit errors on purpose reg dont gather and report information reg shorten their product design cycles see difficult times as an opportunity reg speak with one voice and one image

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Because most people feel uncomfortable when theyre lying they instinctively In the United

States the FBI recently discovered this valuable clue during the analysis of the words of suspects who were

giving false alibis The liars would leave references to

themselves out of their lies Take the case of someone arranging to meet you but not showing up If they call you later and say The car broke down on the way and to make the matter worse the mobile phone had a flat battery you would instinctively be more suspicious

than if theyd said My car broke down and I couldnt tell you because the battery on my mobile was flat

CD keep calm in front of other people

reg make every effort to set up an alibi

reg conceal their feelings to themselves make excuses to avoid doubt of others reg try to distance themselves from their lies

+ 8 eM- ~~ ~l-amp~ 7]-~ middot~r~~ ~~

I have to admit that Im a personal growth fanatic There are few things I enjoy more than learning something new My father got me started when I was a kid He actually paid me to read books that would help me learn and grow Now Im in my late fifties and I still love it when I can see myself improving in an area Ive targeted for growth But as much as I am dedicated to progress there are some things that Im not willing to change - no matter what - such as my faith and my values Id rather die than forfeit my religious faith or my commitment to integrity family generosity and belief in people Some things are not worth compromising at any price I want to encourage you to think about the things you will hold on to in your life Write down the things and take some time to explain Why Once you do that then everything else should be open to change forfeit AJ-l~lct ~1f[~i5tq

CD A Positive Attitude Toward Change reg Studying the Process of Social Progress reg Personal Growth vs Sacrificial Commitment Desire for Security An Obstacle to Development reg Non-Negotiable Things A Solid Base for Change

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One of the ways in which the Israeli government tried

to show their gratitude towards these heroes was to

plant trees in respect for them

In 1939 the Japanese diplomat Chiune Sugihara who was

posted in Lithuania saved thousands of Polish Jews from

the Nazi terror by granting them exit visas ( CD )His act of

heroism had been unknown until the survivors saved by

Sugihara decided to tell their story ( reg ) His courage was

soon celebrated by all drawing the attention of the media

and inspiring some authors to write books describing his heroic act ( reg ) Meanwhile the Israeli government

collected the names of the saviors in order to reward them

for their efforts ( ) So when Sugiharas courage was

known the Israeli authorities planned to plant the

honorable collection of cedars ( reg ) Only after the trees

were planted did the authorities find out that Sugihara in

Japanese may be translated as cedar forest cedar l-y1jshy

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Scientist Elizabeth Loftus asked volunteers to answer

some questions on their personalities and food

experiences One week later Loftus says we told

those people wed fed their answers into our smart

computer and it came up with an account of their early

childhood experiences Some accounts included one

key additional detail You got sick after eating

strawberry ice-cream By the end of the study up to 41

percent of those given a false memory believed

strawberry ice-cream once made them sick and many

said theyd avoid eating it When Loftus published her

findings she started getting calls from people They

begged her to make them remember to hate chocolate

or French fries

People may (A) having a certain food if they

think they once had a(an) (B) experience of

eating it

(A) (B)

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(A)

Sally was at home with the flu and asked her 7-year-old daughter Barbara to play quietly while she rested An hour later Sally walked into the kitchen to get a drink of water and was distressed to see crayons spread all over the floor shredded colored paper and an open bottle of glue on the table open scissors in the wastebasket and a halfshydrunk glass of milk on the counter next to the refrigerator

(B)

This story illustrates that sometimes a little bit of additional information shifts our interpretation of a situation by a 180 degrees When Sally first walked into the kitchen she was not expecting a mess and immediately felt enraged that Barbara had made one especially because Sally was sick Sallys thought accompanying her anger was Barbara is so inconsiderate and imprudent to make such a mess when she knows Im sick

(C)

When Sally discovered the beautiful get-well card however her emotional response shifted immediately Sally thought Barbara was concerned for me and wanted to help me feel better How thoughtful and sweet Feelings of appreciation and tenderness toward Barbara +followed this alternative thought Learning the meaning behind the mess led to a shift in her attitude and mood

(D)

Furious about the mess Sally went hunting for Barbara and found her sleeping soundly in front of the television in the living room On the cushion near Barbaras head was a large brightly colored card covered in hearts that read I love you Mom Please get well soon Sally shook her head slowly and smiled She tucked a blanket around Barbaras shoulders and returned to the kitchen to get her water

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(D) - (B) - (C) reg (D) - (C) - (B)

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At the end of the Middle Ages the Muslim people who had conquered much of Spain developed their own style of architecture CD which was very different from both the Gothic and the Renaissance styles On the hill reg stands over the town of Granada in Spain one Muslim leader began building a palace that became known as the Alhambra reg Built chiefly between 1230 and 1354 the Alhambra is a true expression of the once flourishing Moorish civilization It was made up of buildings for the loyal family a great bath and mosques set up around courtyards Many of the Alhambras courtyards like the Lion Court reg have fountains so that people in nearby rooms can enjoy the sound of water gently rumiing

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work without (B) Ienhancing jeopardizing Itheir

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prospects of attaining tenure The May baby phenomenon refers to timing the birth of ones child for

the month of May or nearing the early summer months

so that women would be permitted to have children

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would be perceived as a lack of (C) Icommitment

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In a sense the Industrial Revolution in America was

merely an acceleration of technological changes that had no clear beginning It involved the development and increasing use of power-driven machines in industrial

production the location of those machines in factories that tended to grow in size and complexity and with the

decline of transportation costs the distribution of products in ever widening mass markets As the domestic market expanded manufacturing enterprises became increasingly specialized The textile mills for

example concentrated on spinning and weaving selling

their products to wholesalers and buying their

machinery from independent machine shops The

essential features of the Industrial Revolution then

were mechanization specialization and a trend from

local to regional and national distribution

+ CD Conditions of the Industrial Revolution reg Features of Enterprise Culture in America reg Effects of Machines on the Industrial Revolution

Spirit of Enterprise and the Industrial Revolution

reg Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in America

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Leslie Weatherhead once told a parable of a little boy

who fled from a witch who had turned herself into a cat

As the boy ran he kept glancing over his shoulder The first time he looked back the cat was the size of a calf

The next time he looked it had grown to the

dimensions of an elephant Then the boy fell and was

unable to go farther Resolutely he got up and started to

stare at the pursuing horror So he took a step toward it

Surprisingly now it backed away As he continued to advance toward it it began to shrink in size as it

retreated from him Finally it changed into a mouse and

ran under the door of the witchs cottage to be seen no more The moral is clear it pays to ______

CD escape from danger

reg face up to your fears

reg broaden your horizon

overcome the differences

reg pursue your own interests

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In the eyes of scientists who study the primitive

beginnings of mankind human beings evolved because

they were Before our primitive ancestors were clever enough to make tools

and coordinate hunting strategies they had to move all

day long Competing for a limited food supply in an increasingly harsh climate and lacking in speed and

strength our ancestors had to collect the leftovers that other animals had overlooked or left behind In the process of pushing on to the next food supply these

primitive forefathers developed muscle adaptations to cover long distances Not only that they also acquired

many endearing human traits such as cooperation

mutual support and respect while covering thousands

of miles every year in small groups

CD smart tool inventors reg long-distance walkers reg logical problem solvers effective group workers reg physically strong hunters

+7

When I moved to New York in 2000 I quickly

adapted to its rule of life It didnt take long for me to

absorb the unwritten code of survival in this town The

simple rule is This survival technique is what separates New Yorkers from tourists

About a week after I had arrived in New York I was

traveling on a bus At some stop the door opened for a

woman who was wearing nothing but a thin bathrobe

When she reached the top step she started feeling her

pockets for something and then with a shocked look

on her face exclaimed My pass Oh my God I must

have left it in the other bathrobe The driver sighed and waved her onto the bus I had been staring at the

woman throughout the scene but was a little ashamed

when I understood that I was the only one Nobody

else had given the woman a first glance much less a second

CD TO SEE IS TO BELIEVE

reg BEAUTY IS BUT SKIN DEEP

reg LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE

LOVE LITTLE AND LOVE LONG

reg PRETEND IT ISNT HAPPENING

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When a violinist plays a perfect piece of classical music or when the three tenors - Pavarotti Domingo and Carreras - sing an exquisite opera no one ascribes their accomplishments to luck When a craftsman builds

a beautiful piece of furniture elegant and refined in

every detail no one explains or dismisses his

achievement as having been a matter of good luck You

know that many years of hard work and detailed preparation must come before an excellent performance of any kind My friend Og Mandino author of books that have sold millions of copies once told me that many people say his books are easy to read He said

that the reason why they were easy to read is because

they were so hard to write Og told me that he would

write and rewrite a single paragraph as often as fifteen

times so that it flowed smoothly

+ CD what artists want to achieve

reg how to appreciate a work of art reg the secret of writing best-sellers much effort needed to win mastery

reg the similarity between artists and writers

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The idea that packaging is bad is now widely accepted

by consumers who are concerned about the environment But its not necessarily true

(A) By contrast in Mexico such food byproducts become

garbage Compared with the United States the average

Mexican household throws away three times more food waste

B) Packaging can actually prevent certain kinds of waste

When food is processed and packaged in the United

States for example bypro ducts such as rinds and peels

are often used as fuel animal feed or another economically useful way

(C) Food packaging also reduces spoilage The complex layering of metals and plastics that helps keep some

snacks fresh for up to six months for example let the company distribute them without having a plant in every city

CD (A) - (C) - (B) reg (B) - (A) - (C) reg (B) - (C) - (A)

(C) - (A) - (B) reg (C) - (B) - (A)

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born to be couch potatoes When Judy Cameron an Oregon Health amp Science University neuroscientist

housed monkeys in various-sized cages and monitored

how much they moved about she discovered some just sat around while others were up to eight times more

active How much room a monkey had to roam made no difference When inactive monkeys were transferred to more spacious cages they still remained sedentary

Other researchers have found the same with mice

leading to speculation that the same behavior may exist

in people If youre a couch potato suddenly becoming

more active may be harder than you think says

Cameron It is likely to take far more than deliberate

planning and conscious motivation to hit the gym

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Throughout history two distinct styles of warfare can be identified The most ancient is the war of attrition the enemy surrenders because you have killed so many of its men Over many centuries and most notably in ancient China a second method of waging war developed The emphasis here was _________

The second method of waging developed in ancient China is called the maneuver warfare Its philosophy was codified by Sun-tzu in his Art of War written in Chinas Warring States period in the fifth to third century Bcshy

over two hundred years of warfare in which a states very survival depended on its army and strategists To Sun-tzu and his contemporaries it was obvious that the costs of

war went far beyond its body counts it entailed a lost of

resources and political goodwill and a lowering of morale

among soldiers and citizens These costs would mount over time until eventually even the greatest warrior nation

would become exhausted But through skillful maneuvering a state could spare itself such high costs and still emerge victorious The leader would maneuver to

+ confuse and infuriate and to put the enemy in a bad position An enemy who had been maneuvered into a

weak position would succumb more easily to

psychological pressure even before the battle had begun

it had started to collapse and would surrender with less of a fight

u ~ it9l A-Jl~~ 7701- 3i~~ ~~ CD The Great Leadership of Sun-tzu reg Ways to Wage Psychological Warfare

regThe Tragedy and Loss Caused by War Many War Heroes But Not Many Humanitarians reg Another Method of Waging War Maneuver Warfare

12 ~ it9l Jtl7j-Oll ~ cgtJ~ 7AJ ~~~ ~~ CD developing state-of-the-art weaponry reg destroying the other side in the battle

reg staging a demonstration opposing the war

weakening the other side before the battle +regdemanding enormous money from the other side

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2-iJl1-tR=- ~~ ~Jq ~ 7J-~ ~AtJ1 0J7-J A] ~5q40nj~E ~lfl 6J~ ~~ 9l7AjAJ-~

ll ~A ~ ~5q 40njAJlE 2-iJl 1-q ~~-5jshy~o] lZlmiddotQJ c~ i~~ ~t uJ] ~ Al~o] yenl ~~ ~ll7 oJtt iampA~~ 6JAJQJ l-~ 7 -l5-0]oJ]JI] 77]7] ~~~ i1z--5J1 ~q L -l 5-0]~0] AJ~~A] A]i ~j- ~~ tJf- o]gq rcJl- Ali77A] r 8 ~ ~ 0] cJ 7eJ-6Jl 5o] ~ 0] ~1t-5q

01$121- 7 ~ bull barely 7~Ef 7~7Jf~

bull longevity ~

bull lean ttQj~ ~~

bull In other words mice fed 40 percent fewer calories

than what is considered to be a healthy diet will

live 40 percent longer than mice that are fed

normal diets mice~ fed rv7 ~ yenl0l1)-1 ~~Cf ~71

Ai fedi that are fed21 21010 ICf what- ~A~ ~

~~ fJjI[H~Npound)i rv~~ 012~ ~OICf mice7~

~il ~21 ~OI01 will live rv7~ A1yen0ICf

Solution

(A) starving animalsOlIA-j starvingOI 2-0m O~Ll2~

animals7~ 2-OjolEpound ~~ b~A~ are~ uio~ ~

c~ starvingOI 2-017~ poundI~ ~~~~ ~71l= ~OI2~

l= ~ol pound101 2jOI7~ Oj~lt5HAI01 yenlOll Lf2l= the ones 2)pound Oj~2IAI Ul=q (8) -tjtajAI ilOI1 CUE thanOiI ~2j~c~ it~ M21 J~

g jYoU ~ 6JA~~1 op~~cr 2~ 2joI7~ pound101 W 2j LH~poundt Ifliil~ [H~OI i 4- ~q what~ MIA-j j

Y0l1 ~g 6JA~2~1 W~AIl= ~OI2~ 2joI7~ poundIOjo~

than WOII Ltg Ljj~poundt Ifliil~ 4- CUlll ~Cf (C) ~ -TL~~ ~1Af guidelin~ 4-6Jc5~ tl~A~

~tl2j toyen~A~ to help~ uiO~ tflf

Watch your step

(A) animals7~ ~01Epound is-e ~ 4- ruCf

(8) i~ M21 than it0i1 AilAjEi LHsectpoundt Iflur CUgol ~ 4shy

ruc~

(C) ftg2j -sectA~7~ it0i1 0101 Lf~2Bpound help2~ -sectAf

~ EE M2j Oj~OII gtAI at-e ~ol Cf

_ otnJ - ~~~ltj~ 0 V I 2013~1

rh f

1r-SLP(a3)lOJ-27~(~Hl 2013521931 AM n1deg114(11)

[1112] CI~~~il ~~I Eio~AI2

Throughout history two distinct styles of warfare can be identified The most ancient is the war of attrition the enemy surrenders because you have killed so many of its men Over many centuries and most notably in ancient China a second method of waging war developed The emphasis here was _________

The second method of waging developed in ancient China is called the maneuver warfare Its philosophy was codified by Sun-tzu in his Art of War written in Chinas Warring States period in the fifth to third century Bcshy

over two hundred years of warfare in which a states very survival depended on its army and strategists To Sun-tzu and his contemporaries it was obvious that the costs of

war went far beyond its body counts it entailed a lost of

resources and political goodwill and a lowering of morale

among soldiers and citizens These costs would mount over time until eventually even the greatest warrior nation

would become exhausted But through skillful maneuvering a state could spare itself such high costs and still emerge victorious The leader would maneuver to

+ confuse and infuriate and to put the enemy in a bad position An enemy who had been maneuvered into a

weak position would succumb more easily to

psychological pressure even before the battle had begun

it had started to collapse and would surrender with less of a fight

u ~ it9l A-Jl~~ 7701- 3i~~ ~~ CD The Great Leadership of Sun-tzu reg Ways to Wage Psychological Warfare

regThe Tragedy and Loss Caused by War Many War Heroes But Not Many Humanitarians reg Another Method of Waging War Maneuver Warfare

12 ~ it9l Jtl7j-Oll ~ cgtJ~ 7AJ ~~~ ~~ CD developing state-of-the-art weaponry reg destroying the other side in the battle

reg staging a demonstration opposing the war

weakening the other side before the battle +regdemanding enormous money from the other side

gjot 4 2013~

~

113-SLP(3)~ OJ_27~I(lS~)_12 2013521 941 AM BPI 11 rh ~

2 alE Ol~~ ~ Rf mreg ~~H~ -A-ll ~71ofl ~1IJ]l9J W-~ yenI~ Aj~~ O]if Ait L~1lQJ c~ OJ=6J ~ ~eurotAl)i~Ij1 01 ~

J1Jj 0J=~o]l- ~tj]AJ-A 0J6J3 uH-9- ~q AlIJl

lQJ Granada tl~ ~ofl ~ ~ ~ ~Qj ~oJ] ~ o]itQJ A]B7 Alhambrapound ~aJA]JI] fl gshy~~ -37] A]-3J-9lq Alhambra pound 12301oj]

A-J 13541 Ao]ofl ~pound]~~uj ~1IJI ~Aj9ll[i yen ojll -g~QJ ~Ad~ ~poundo]q r~~ ll-~ 1(lofl Al~~ dr~ ~~ ~~i Jj-qJ~ -pound13 0]~itD

A -l ~ pound z- Aj poundl ~q Lion Court9l- ~ ~

AlhambraQJ ll-~ -ofl qt -2-~~ olJ-oj] ~t Altgshy~o] ~o]-yen-S~JI] ~2 ~c]~ ~~ ~JI] i57] ~6Jl I-j~ 7A]J1 ~q

OfyenJ2f- 7 ~ bull flourish ~g~~

bull mosque 01~1tiil A1f

middotfountain ~

bull Many of the Alhambras courtyards like the Lion

Court have fountains so that people in nearby

rooms can enjoy the sound of water gently

running Many7f 2f01oID=l have7~ ~Afolq ltso

that rv can rv)g rv~ 4- ~pound~ 5~71 Jf-oHAi 2~

amp~Qj ~ qErlclCf

cSolution

2-~0I12-Oj(one Muslim leader)pound- ~AKbegan)OI ~

o [J sect On the hill rv in Spaing ~plusmn~ LfEtLH-e yen A1-117~ poundI01OF tfl~ J2jEpound ~~ ~ lt6l2j stands~ ~AH~N standing2sect ~ M7-jq -e7tI(H~A1-S MI

Ai that[whichl standssect H~lt5HO~ tflf

Watch your step

Q) which-e their own style of architecture~ ~A~

~ 5~ Jjl~ sect~Qj 2-21 fJjI[H~A~Olcf

~A~2poundAi ii0i1 Having beenOI ~ 2pound

-ZFof2j sectCf ~A~21 2jo lg 2-01-e 2-~21 2-Oj

[J theAlhambraolq

it0i1 which are7~ ~poundI~CfJl zt~ 4- ~2O1 it

011 q-g ~N=r~~ ~~Cf have21 2-0il= Many of the Alhambras courtyards

0101 like the Lion Court-e W-TLoICf

3bullbullIEW ~gqOlI ~~ Oil mreg ~~H~ tJl~7-ll tJlQ tJl-yen-2 ~Jf pound2f-oflA-J i~ Al~ euroshy

11] ~OJ~ R-r~q o]cJ~ ~~~~ ~1l AH~~ i ~~~ J1aJ~ 1IJI ~-5] -il-57] 1IJI-gofl r~~ ~ 4-o9l- 7AoJ] -qJ~ 7]tJl 1jJ il-r9l- E~yenl ~7

~q ~1l AJl~~~ ~~aJ 7PeJ-~ ~EJlJI] -5A]

j~1i1A1 7~A~~i a~ ~~-5aj c~~pound OJ A ~fl~~ ~f8~~pound 5~A~ O7] 9l- ~1l AH~

~ ~ 07] tJl a~oJA] 2f- 7Al ~yenj -QJ ~ 7 A]~ 1~q 5~A~ O7] ~AJ~ O7]QJ A~ A]7]

~ 5~oJ] ~-Jjl- iEOJ~oJ]777~A]JI] -5j- ~~

a~q LiJlA-J 0JJ8~~ AH~9J ~~oJ] -qJtH ~1l0] yen dr~ -3~pound l~o] yenl pound ~ ~7~

tJlpound~ 7J-il~Al jJ1A-j oo]~ 7A]pound~ lt51pound] -3o]q ~~ AH~~ ~ O7] tll ~~ 2f- ~~

~~pound Q=jA] OJD~oJ] QJlt5H ~~ A~pound]uJ] l~

~ ~1l AH~~~ ~~ ~77A] oo]~ 7A] ~~ i1 7]~q

OJyenI2f- 7 ~ bull compromise E~tlc5~Cf

bull jeopardize ~EH-sectl1l c5~Cf

bull enhance Y~A17Iq

bull commitment ~i

bull complement i~

bull Women faculty have typically taken one of two

approaches referred to as May babies and

post-tenure babies in an attempt to combine

family life and work without jeopardizing their

prospects of attaining tenure referred to rvOI

approaches~ ~~Cf (in an attemptto+Aff~

)g rv5~2ji A15SU-J 2fe ~oICf ltcombine rv

with -)-e rv2) ~ ~~AI7ICf ~-e ~OI01

ltwithout -ing)-e -5rA1 [JJlA-j 2~ ~o 1Cf

(Solution

(A) [H~IAi2j ~~~ol ~ AHQ1l~ ~7-Lf ~~

c5~ (il CU01A-j cHEf gR~ ~0171 1IjJg0l1 -ampo~~ 7~A~

~ ~1lt5H E~~i(compromised) 4- rul= -012~1 lt5H +o~ tfl~

(8) May baby(5i1~ 0~71~ 7t1~c5~ ~g~ AU

Q1l0l1 [H~ ~2t~ ~~OII HH~pound2IAr U2~Ai 7~~

Wpoundt ~~ ~~~ajE o I~ jeopardizing~ ME ~ol ~~c5~~ jeopardizel= ~ ~EIl~7-U c5~f 2~

~Icf

(Cl ~~IOfIA-j -W~ LH21 ~0I1 [H~ ~Hcommitment)

01 ~~ ~~-~ 5~ ~Olc~

Watch your step

(AI confused~ M2j [H2fOllA-j2j ~~o I -ampO~q 7fA~poundshy

~poundl0jA1-e 2 Cfi ~Ol poundI~ sect-21 ~-Wct

Oj~c5fCf

(8) enhancing~ M2j ~ AH~~OII [H~ 2j~~ -ygA1

7IAj 2l1Ai~ ~ol ~ g~g Oj~2IAI atl=Cf

(C) complementl= 5~ 5~ 012~ ~OI~ sect-21

~~OII gtAI l-eCf

4 UIItU ii21 ~I~ mreg ~~H~ oJ~ li1oJ]A-J tll~oJ]A1QJ 1-~~~~ oJ~ if-~~

A]iEs ~ 7]~~ 1(l~~ 7J4i-~oJ] ~3~ ~o]~

q 1-~~~~ 1-~A~1-oflA-J ~~pound ~ol 7] 7-J]9J ~~i ~7~ A~ 37]pound 7jA]ll 7-J]4r -apJ 6JlA] 7]7-J]~O] middot~FJoJ] 1lH7]poundl ~ l~J1 ~ t tl]9J tf~9l- W7Jl] 7-ll4r ~-qJpound] -qJitpound A]~oJ]A1

QJ AJ-QJ it-BH~ ~1fr-5~q ~tJl A]AJO] IIJJtt1 Ai Ai]3~ofl ~Ai5E 7]~~O] ~~ ~g~pound]~q

+

1 IE 0i~0I1 ~~ Rf m

~~~H~

g~ ~ pound~ A~~ofl yenlil~lC 1l~ ftl]-qJpound 7]if-5

7] ~6Jl it-~ ~0d il~q trcA1 7-J-9- A~~W Ad~~ 11J ifi~ ~~~o] 7~ AJ~~q A 1t~ 2JlLJ- Q=j~~o]q 701 degVeJ- ll- i~A~~

7HLJ- 9l9l-~c 8~~o] 61 1Hl~ wa-jligt1 IOj

2-iJl1-tR=- ~~ ~Jq ~ 7J-~ ~AtJ1 0J7-J A] ~5q40nj~E ~lfl 6J~ ~~ 9l7AjAJ-~

ll ~A ~ ~5q 40njAJlE 2-iJl 1-q ~~-5jshy~o] lZlmiddotQJ c~ i~~ ~t uJ] ~ Al~o] yenl ~~ ~ll7 oJtt iampA~~ 6JAJQJ l-~ 7 -l5-0]oJ]JI] 77]7] ~~~ i1z--5J1 ~q L -l 5-0]~0] AJ~~A] A]i ~j- ~~ tJf- o]gq rcJl- Ali77A] r 8 ~ ~ 0] cJ 7eJ-6Jl 5o] ~ 0] ~1t-5q

01$121- 7 ~ bull barely 7~Ef 7~7Jf~

bull longevity ~

bull lean ttQj~ ~~

bull In other words mice fed 40 percent fewer calories

than what is considered to be a healthy diet will

live 40 percent longer than mice that are fed

normal diets mice~ fed rv7 ~ yenl0l1)-1 ~~Cf ~71

Ai fedi that are fed21 21010 ICf what- ~A~ ~

~~ fJjI[H~Npound)i rv~~ 012~ ~OICf mice7~

~il ~21 ~OI01 will live rv7~ A1yen0ICf

Solution

(A) starving animalsOlIA-j starvingOI 2-0m O~Ll2~

animals7~ 2-OjolEpound ~~ b~A~ are~ uio~ ~

c~ starvingOI 2-017~ poundI~ ~~~~ ~71l= ~OI2~

l= ~ol pound101 2jOI7~ Oj~lt5HAI01 yenlOll Lf2l= the ones 2)pound Oj~2IAI Ul=q (8) -tjtajAI ilOI1 CUE thanOiI ~2j~c~ it~ M21 J~

g jYoU ~ 6JA~~1 op~~cr 2~ 2joI7~ pound101 W 2j LH~poundt Ifliil~ [H~OI i 4- ~q what~ MIA-j j

Y0l1 ~g 6JA~2~1 W~AIl= ~OI2~ 2joI7~ poundIOjo~

than WOII Ltg Ljj~poundt Ifliil~ 4- CUlll ~Cf (C) ~ -TL~~ ~1Af guidelin~ 4-6Jc5~ tl~A~

~tl2j toyen~A~ to help~ uiO~ tflf

Watch your step

(A) animals7~ ~01Epound is-e ~ 4- ruCf

(8) i~ M21 than it0i1 AilAjEi LHsectpoundt Iflur CUgol ~ 4shy

ruc~

(C) ftg2j -sectA~7~ it0i1 0101 Lf~2Bpound help2~ -sectAf

~ EE M2j Oj~OII gtAI at-e ~ol Cf

_ otnJ - ~~~ltj~ 0 V I 2013~1

rh f

113-SLP(3)~ OJ_27~I(lS~)_12 2013521 941 AM BPI 11 rh ~

2 alE Ol~~ ~ Rf mreg ~~H~ -A-ll ~71ofl ~1IJ]l9J W-~ yenI~ Aj~~ O]if Ait L~1lQJ c~ OJ=6J ~ ~eurotAl)i~Ij1 01 ~

J1Jj 0J=~o]l- ~tj]AJ-A 0J6J3 uH-9- ~q AlIJl

lQJ Granada tl~ ~ofl ~ ~ ~ ~Qj ~oJ] ~ o]itQJ A]B7 Alhambrapound ~aJA]JI] fl gshy~~ -37] A]-3J-9lq Alhambra pound 12301oj]

A-J 13541 Ao]ofl ~pound]~~uj ~1IJI ~Aj9ll[i yen ojll -g~QJ ~Ad~ ~poundo]q r~~ ll-~ 1(lofl Al~~ dr~ ~~ ~~i Jj-qJ~ -pound13 0]~itD

A -l ~ pound z- Aj poundl ~q Lion Court9l- ~ ~

AlhambraQJ ll-~ -ofl qt -2-~~ olJ-oj] ~t Altgshy~o] ~o]-yen-S~JI] ~2 ~c]~ ~~ ~JI] i57] ~6Jl I-j~ 7A]J1 ~q

OfyenJ2f- 7 ~ bull flourish ~g~~

bull mosque 01~1tiil A1f

middotfountain ~

bull Many of the Alhambras courtyards like the Lion

Court have fountains so that people in nearby

rooms can enjoy the sound of water gently

running Many7f 2f01oID=l have7~ ~Afolq ltso

that rv can rv)g rv~ 4- ~pound~ 5~71 Jf-oHAi 2~

amp~Qj ~ qErlclCf

cSolution

2-~0I12-Oj(one Muslim leader)pound- ~AKbegan)OI ~

o [J sect On the hill rv in Spaing ~plusmn~ LfEtLH-e yen A1-117~ poundI01OF tfl~ J2jEpound ~~ ~ lt6l2j stands~ ~AH~N standing2sect ~ M7-jq -e7tI(H~A1-S MI

Ai that[whichl standssect H~lt5HO~ tflf

Watch your step

Q) which-e their own style of architecture~ ~A~

~ 5~ Jjl~ sect~Qj 2-21 fJjI[H~A~Olcf

~A~2poundAi ii0i1 Having beenOI ~ 2pound

-ZFof2j sectCf ~A~21 2jo lg 2-01-e 2-~21 2-Oj

[J theAlhambraolq

it0i1 which are7~ ~poundI~CfJl zt~ 4- ~2O1 it

011 q-g ~N=r~~ ~~Cf have21 2-0il= Many of the Alhambras courtyards

0101 like the Lion Court-e W-TLoICf

3bullbullIEW ~gqOlI ~~ Oil mreg ~~H~ tJl~7-ll tJlQ tJl-yen-2 ~Jf pound2f-oflA-J i~ Al~ euroshy

11] ~OJ~ R-r~q o]cJ~ ~~~~ ~1l AH~~ i ~~~ J1aJ~ 1IJI ~-5] -il-57] 1IJI-gofl r~~ ~ 4-o9l- 7AoJ] -qJ~ 7]tJl 1jJ il-r9l- E~yenl ~7

~q ~1l AJl~~~ ~~aJ 7PeJ-~ ~EJlJI] -5A]

j~1i1A1 7~A~~i a~ ~~-5aj c~~pound OJ A ~fl~~ ~f8~~pound 5~A~ O7] 9l- ~1l AH~

~ ~ 07] tJl a~oJA] 2f- 7Al ~yenj -QJ ~ 7 A]~ 1~q 5~A~ O7] ~AJ~ O7]QJ A~ A]7]

~ 5~oJ] ~-Jjl- iEOJ~oJ]777~A]JI] -5j- ~~

a~q LiJlA-J 0JJ8~~ AH~9J ~~oJ] -qJtH ~1l0] yen dr~ -3~pound l~o] yenl pound ~ ~7~

tJlpound~ 7J-il~Al jJ1A-j oo]~ 7A]pound~ lt51pound] -3o]q ~~ AH~~ ~ O7] tll ~~ 2f- ~~

~~pound Q=jA] OJD~oJ] QJlt5H ~~ A~pound]uJ] l~

~ ~1l AH~~~ ~~ ~77A] oo]~ 7A] ~~ i1 7]~q

OJyenI2f- 7 ~ bull compromise E~tlc5~Cf

bull jeopardize ~EH-sectl1l c5~Cf

bull enhance Y~A17Iq

bull commitment ~i

bull complement i~

bull Women faculty have typically taken one of two

approaches referred to as May babies and

post-tenure babies in an attempt to combine

family life and work without jeopardizing their

prospects of attaining tenure referred to rvOI

approaches~ ~~Cf (in an attemptto+Aff~

)g rv5~2ji A15SU-J 2fe ~oICf ltcombine rv

with -)-e rv2) ~ ~~AI7ICf ~-e ~OI01

ltwithout -ing)-e -5rA1 [JJlA-j 2~ ~o 1Cf

(Solution

(A) [H~IAi2j ~~~ol ~ AHQ1l~ ~7-Lf ~~

c5~ (il CU01A-j cHEf gR~ ~0171 1IjJg0l1 -ampo~~ 7~A~

~ ~1lt5H E~~i(compromised) 4- rul= -012~1 lt5H +o~ tfl~

(8) May baby(5i1~ 0~71~ 7t1~c5~ ~g~ AU

Q1l0l1 [H~ ~2t~ ~~OII HH~pound2IAr U2~Ai 7~~

Wpoundt ~~ ~~~ajE o I~ jeopardizing~ ME ~ol ~~c5~~ jeopardizel= ~ ~EIl~7-U c5~f 2~

~Icf

(Cl ~~IOfIA-j -W~ LH21 ~0I1 [H~ ~Hcommitment)

01 ~~ ~~-~ 5~ ~Olc~

Watch your step

(AI confused~ M2j [H2fOllA-j2j ~~o I -ampO~q 7fA~poundshy

~poundl0jA1-e 2 Cfi ~Ol poundI~ sect-21 ~-Wct

Oj~c5fCf

(8) enhancing~ M2j ~ AH~~OII [H~ 2j~~ -ygA1

7IAj 2l1Ai~ ~ol ~ g~g Oj~2IAI atl=Cf

(C) complementl= 5~ 5~ 012~ ~OI~ sect-21

~~OII gtAI l-eCf

4 UIItU ii21 ~I~ mreg ~~H~ oJ~ li1oJ]A-J tll~oJ]A1QJ 1-~~~~ oJ~ if-~~

A]iEs ~ 7]~~ 1(l~~ 7J4i-~oJ] ~3~ ~o]~

q 1-~~~~ 1-~A~1-oflA-J ~~pound ~ol 7] 7-J]9J ~~i ~7~ A~ 37]pound 7jA]ll 7-J]4r -apJ 6JlA] 7]7-J]~O] middot~FJoJ] 1lH7]poundl ~ l~J1 ~ t tl]9J tf~9l- W7Jl] 7-ll4r ~-qJpound] -qJitpound A]~oJ]A1

QJ AJ-QJ it-BH~ ~1fr-5~q ~tJl A]AJO] IIJJtt1 Ai Ai]3~ofl ~Ai5E 7]~~O] ~~ ~g~pound]~q

+

1 IE 0i~0I1 ~~ Rf m

~~~H~

g~ ~ pound~ A~~ofl yenlil~lC 1l~ ftl]-qJpound 7]if-5

7] ~6Jl it-~ ~0d il~q trcA1 7-J-9- A~~W Ad~~ 11J ifi~ ~~~o] 7~ AJ~~q A 1t~ 2JlLJ- Q=j~~o]q 701 degVeJ- ll- i~A~~

7HLJ- 9l9l-~c 8~~o] 61 1Hl~ wa-jligt1 IOj

2-iJl1-tR=- ~~ ~Jq ~ 7J-~ ~AtJ1 0J7-J A] ~5q40nj~E ~lfl 6J~ ~~ 9l7AjAJ-~

ll ~A ~ ~5q 40njAJlE 2-iJl 1-q ~~-5jshy~o] lZlmiddotQJ c~ i~~ ~t uJ] ~ Al~o] yenl ~~ ~ll7 oJtt iampA~~ 6JAJQJ l-~ 7 -l5-0]oJ]JI] 77]7] ~~~ i1z--5J1 ~q L -l 5-0]~0] AJ~~A] A]i ~j- ~~ tJf- o]gq rcJl- Ali77A] r 8 ~ ~ 0] cJ 7eJ-6Jl 5o] ~ 0] ~1t-5q

01$121- 7 ~ bull barely 7~Ef 7~7Jf~

bull longevity ~

bull lean ttQj~ ~~

bull In other words mice fed 40 percent fewer calories

than what is considered to be a healthy diet will

live 40 percent longer than mice that are fed

normal diets mice~ fed rv7 ~ yenl0l1)-1 ~~Cf ~71

Ai fedi that are fed21 21010 ICf what- ~A~ ~

~~ fJjI[H~Npound)i rv~~ 012~ ~OICf mice7~

~il ~21 ~OI01 will live rv7~ A1yen0ICf

Solution

(A) starving animalsOlIA-j starvingOI 2-0m O~Ll2~

animals7~ 2-OjolEpound ~~ b~A~ are~ uio~ ~

c~ starvingOI 2-017~ poundI~ ~~~~ ~71l= ~OI2~

l= ~ol pound101 2jOI7~ Oj~lt5HAI01 yenlOll Lf2l= the ones 2)pound Oj~2IAI Ul=q (8) -tjtajAI ilOI1 CUE thanOiI ~2j~c~ it~ M21 J~

g jYoU ~ 6JA~~1 op~~cr 2~ 2joI7~ pound101 W 2j LH~poundt Ifliil~ [H~OI i 4- ~q what~ MIA-j j

Y0l1 ~g 6JA~2~1 W~AIl= ~OI2~ 2joI7~ poundIOjo~

than WOII Ltg Ljj~poundt Ifliil~ 4- CUlll ~Cf (C) ~ -TL~~ ~1Af guidelin~ 4-6Jc5~ tl~A~

~tl2j toyen~A~ to help~ uiO~ tflf

Watch your step

(A) animals7~ ~01Epound is-e ~ 4- ruCf

(8) i~ M21 than it0i1 AilAjEi LHsectpoundt Iflur CUgol ~ 4shy

ruc~

(C) ftg2j -sectA~7~ it0i1 0101 Lf~2Bpound help2~ -sectAf

~ EE M2j Oj~OII gtAI at-e ~ol Cf

_ otnJ - ~~~ltj~ 0 V I 2013~1

rh f

1 13-5 LP(il3)~ OJ -27 sectI (31 )-1 2 2013521 941 AM 1111 01 112 -$shy

27pound1

CJj]~ ~Oi ~lin~~ ~~ ~TI ~H=-]n ~-o-r~ 2nJ Ar719J AJ~ ~ 5uijjAroflJl] ~TI 717ll~ ~~ ~Nl 7]Jl] ~d ~)rofl Tuij-o-r~t ~~ 1l-j~~

9J ~1l~ ~7cl~ 71Jl1sect ~gsect 1cJTI ~~ A]~ 2poundyenEj A]Bd- IcJTI ~~~laquo1 ~llijpound 7-]7H=- 7S tiJ=laquo1 ~o]t

01$121- 7f

bull textile =5j~ -e1~

middotspin ~~ mq bull weave ~pound raquofef

bull The textile mills for example concentrated on

spinning and weaving selling their products to

wholesalers and buying their machinery from

independent machine shops concentrate on rv

g rvOlI ~6f[r 2f-e secteOlef spinning and

weavingOI ~XIAf on2i ~Oiolq selling rv and

buying g feAf~Olef

(Solution

[]I~ ~~~~Qj ~~g 717tl~ ~~~ J2IJl AIQj~

~ ~iOI2fJl ~~ifJl ~ ~Qj Ai~2pound 7~

~~~ ~g Characteristics of the Industrial

Revolution in America([]I~IA1Qj L~~~Qj ~)

Olef

+ Watch your step

ltD -0El~~Qj ~

reg DI~IAiQj 71El g~Qj ~~

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5 U ltU11tV ~ mreg ~~i$H~

~ ~~ Leslie Weatherhead7r A~pound~ TIoJ=o] ~ -Rf1il degr14poundyenEj ~or ~ ~1ofl ~~~sect

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ot~l2- 7 ~ bull parable f~ bull dimension 371

bull resolutely ~ltc1WII bull shrink 2l2~ef

bull retreat pound2fofCf

bull flee from ~ poundyenE1 pound~xICf bull Leslie Weatherhead once told a parable of a little

boy who fled from a witch who had turned

herself into a cat who fled rv7f boy~ ~6fJl

who had turned -e witch~ 6J~ef turn

into -e ~ 2pound ~6flll 6feF 2fE secteolef

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cSolution

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7i~ J~0I1 WAia(Jl ~~ DllOIle ~pound ~5101 ~~

Af2fAi ItXlCfE LH~Qj ~OICf OI2i~ ~2j LH~S

iOf ~ilQjle reg face up to your fears(g~2j fa(

II gtA1e)7f ii071-e Alol 7~ ~~ifCf

Watch your stepl

ltD f-18~fEi pound~xl-e

a~Qj AIOf~ io-I-e

xfO I~ ~6fE

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6 gls1 Iti ~ mreg ~~i$H~

laquo1ff9J Elif~ ~T-o-H=- iJ-~Aldegl li7]oJ1 laquo1Zl-~

ll ~cJ~ ~i- eAH~71 1IJIgofl ~sect~t ~cJ9J Elif 1d~0157 ~ 1(~TI ttol ~~ -Jpound dAJ V ~~ OJcJ~A171 ~oJ11~~ -o-r~ ~91 deg1~ 0t~ ~t ~cJ9J Jjd~~ 1I1Ili 7t~~A]~ 71 -toflJ ~~~ 0J=~ ~ f7] --l~ 7SA)l~TI 4r5Qj- J 01 ~~711IJ1goJ] t~ t ~ ~ 01 ~~-o-rA1 -o-r~1f t7Jeuro- t~ g~~ ~ 5degrdeg]~ ~t cJ-ofl ~~ 0J=~~ i5J=-o-roj Jl14f~A-j ~~~H=-iJ-~ 4rofl-j Elif 1d~9J 2~01 Zl ~cJ~ ~~ ~pound~ ~9~ t I~ degty2I~ ~~ ~~ If-cJpound uij1 ~ ot91~ ~ laquo1-oJ] ~ Ad-~~d eiJ- ~~ wshy~ rrs-6T laquo1Zl-9J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~~t

ot$l2f 7~ bull coordinate ~~ifCf

bull leftover LfDiAI

bull endearing A~6iE

middottrait ~

bull Before our primitive ancestors were clever

enough to make tools and coordinate hunting

strategies they had to move all day long lt~sectAf

+enough to~N~~)g rv~ 2lE middotef OI2f-e secte

Olef make2t coordinate7f ~ ef toOlI oIOiAI-e ~

~ -=-~~ 01EF-Jl ~Cf

Solution

EII~OlI ~middotlPf tj ]i2l~ ~E eAW~71 QI~I ~

~ Y6J ~Ail~ 5H~ofJl ~e~21Jj J ~ ~IA1 ~

~ ~~ ~g ~n~~ ~~~~ ~~AI~ ~~Cf e LI~Qj ~I ~i1Qj1 ii01at Wpound 7~ ~~~ ~

g long-distance walkers Olef

7 Mlelft ItV ~ mreg ~~H~

LJj7t 20001 IT ~2pound ~g 1IJI ~1lrpoundI 9J )Hi ~3J~ Ej ~~t 01 pound19J )~eoJ] ~~ ~

gg~ 417t Ej~-o-H=- tJloJ1~ rcJ 2Ttll 1Zl-01~cj Al pound~t degrntt~r-n-3J~ 91deg1910i1fA1pound TI ~i- ~-o-rcf 01t 01 )~e 71~ ~ IT ~ r~~~ oj~2lj ~ ~ T~~H eurot IT ~ oj] 52f~A1 ltM91 ~ ~oJJ tJiA~ ETI oj~ omt 0i1il ~~ oj] j~01 ~cJAr it~ amp4- 7l-8-~ iJ~ ojltjo] ~t I147t ~ --l ~jt Jl]ttoJ1 ~~ 1IJI1f~laquo17~

2

~7] --l~ij ~o-Jy ~ ~A]71 1z~TI ~~ ~~pound

41 ~jrel 01T t~ ~ 7l-8-ofl f-TI ~g 01 ~

~~2TI ~cJ~t -amp~Ar7r ~G ~ 91nJ E2TI t=~~t 1-f~ I -J-rt9J ~gyenEj ~71rA1 I14~

liTI ~~2nJ IT r~01 1f ~A~t~ ~ ~ 9[

~~ 1IJI Q[Zl- ~lll~t t~ OiL- ~pound I14oflJl] tt ~ tr -1r~ ~ ~ A1 j~t

Oi$l2- 7~ bull much less 5~~ -E O~LIC~

bull It didnt take long for me to absorb the unwritten

code of survival in this town Itg 7r--0i011Jj to

absorb rv7f ~--OioICf take-e (AlnOI) -2ICF 2fE

secteo lef for maE to absorbQj QjD lg --Oio lef

cSolution -+

~Af7f gIII~C Ol~~A~~ r~~f --ICI B

E 1t601IA12l O~~ ~fll~ Oj~~ol~C ~Af ~ICfA1

2l ii77fAI XiCfiJl ~~efE A~~ 7lHwm71 QI~OI~

cf J2-j9pound ~ ~tlQj 8~~ tgj~g PRETEND

IT ISNT HAPPENING(~OI ~OiqAI BJl ~-e ~ of

2f) ~~~~ ~Cf

Watch your step

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reg DI2-e 7jf IIIf ~ 7+~

~g Ir~ i2f

A~g 7fsect-Jl illl - Eilt ~6HItj2I-e ~~~ltrJ A~

iCf-e 2~-sect-pound ~xl UJl Af~H 2fE W

8 MlfJ~a ~21 ~Ail m +~~i$H~

0i1il1lto1~~ ~zrAr7rTI~ gQ ~ ~ ~ ~lJ-o-rJl]

~~ 1IJI ~ n1lrpoundEj 5oJJl 7rcJ]2AQj- ~~

)i1 ~9J El]tJ7t ~nJ1~ tA1Jl] ~~V 1IJI I~9J

-8~ ~-amp ~2pound ~cJ ~ r~~ ot1f5 ~t Oi ~ -J-ltj01 T~T~71rA1 ~or-o-tTI )i]~9Jl] -o-rO] ot ~t-amp 7]7 ~ A~ZV 1IJI I9J )a~ ~-ampdeg1 ~~

~2Jl 1l~-o-r~1f Zl-tt-o-1 j~cJ~ rTpoundf~ degr1f5 ~

t if~~ 5~ 1sect[-I~ o~ g J-~7] --l~ ti~ Ail -I laquo1-9J yentt~ zjiJ- jA-n~ euro1l17r ~~g g 9[

TI ~t ~~ el9J llluH If l~ 71~~ ~9J AlA ltj 41 ~T 2I 1(t] x7r ti~ rTff~ 01 19J ~~

~7] 1ltTI W-~qTI 41Jl] W-~ ~o] ~t r~ r ~~01 ~71 91-amp 01 ft ~ I~~ ~ ~~ -5ldeg1uij~

J~~7]1IJIgdeg12Jl W-~t 2I~ tt-o-r1f9J ~

0]25 uijllTfjJl] 15 ~ ~5~ ~t-)1 ~011f 9~

01 ~roj ~~ ~qJl ~~t

ot~2- 7 ~ bull exquisite ~R~ AIIiE

bull ascribe to ~ Qj ~2pound ~2ICf

bull craftsman ~ ~~

bull reti ned Ail iE

bull dismiss n851 ~i2lifcf 712fofCf

bull My friend og Mandino authorofbooks that have

sold millions of copies once told me that many

people say his books are easy to read author of

books that have sold millions of copiesE --Oi~

My friend og Mandino2t ~ -E-Jilo lef once-e f

Afpound Afgpoundj~ef his books are easy to read-e it is

2013id

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1t-SLP(a3)~ OJ-28sect1(~)-12 2013521 949 AM 1111deg1 Ill (11)~ -+shy

1 (A) (B) (C)Q] Zf ljjpound ltliojPmiddoti oj~ojj ~~ Jf~2pound 7pJ -3j~~

~~

In 1961 Jerry Richardson faced an important decision

He had a job that was considered (A) 1 glamorous 7 glamorously I But when the raise he had requested was

turned down he felt the time had come to start his own

business He retired from football Richardson and his

family moved back to South Carolina where an old

college buddy invited him to buy a hamburger stand

Richardson bought Hardees first franchise He went

from catching footballs to (B) 1 flip flipping 1hamburgers

twelve hours a day After hours he scrubbed stoves and

mopped floors His reward Four hundred and seventeen

dollars a month (C) 1 Frustrated Frustrating 1 as he was

Richardson refused to give up He focused on making

his restaurant more efficient Before long his business

boomed

+ (A) (B) (C)

CD glamorous flip Frustrated

glamorous flipping Frustrated

glamorous flip Frustrating

glamorously flip Frustrated

reg glamorously flipping Frustrating

rt 0 Ial nl~ -1 tl tl ~ nl alA ~-I ~Q2bull 10 2~ EC lIl v -rtl 0=1 A1-

Timing is an essential ingredient of effective

communication If CD possible do not discuss sensitive

matters with someone who is tired worried about other

things or in a bad mood reg Nor should you approach

someone about an important concern unless you have

enough time to discuss the matter thoroughly Likewise

give careful thought to reg where you will be talking

Unless it is necessary do not talk about sensitive

matters in front of others Try to find a place that is

free of such distractions as television other people and

loud noises If the person whom you need to talk is

likely to be nervous or suspicious it may be wise to

select a place where he or she will feel relatively secure

and comfortable

_~Oi 1

rhI -P

+

3 c ifQ] ~~ ~ 1fL ~ ~ltljAJ ifWQ] ~~ol -3j~5j-Al l~

~~

According to a study published in the mid-1990s

approximately 50 percent of people surveyed

considered themselves to be shy Shyness can CD impact

your job search in many ways While you may be able to

deal with it when interacting with people with whom

you are reg familiar talking to strangers can be very

difficult And what does the job search consist of more

often than anything else Talking to strangers including

interviewers recruiters and even receptionists One

way to reg combat your shyness is to keep a positive

attitude about yourself Try to refrain from negative

self-talk such as Im not good enough You should be

confident that you are worthy of getting hired Focus on

your skills and why they make you a desirable employer

CiFSfj 4 tj- g ifQ] Ail ~ 7j-7cf -3j ~~ ~ ~

There is a problem about grips especially important

to people who develop an advanced hand technique In

music for instance one can play rapidly and cleanly

only by learning how to come off a piano key or how to

release the finger on a string or on a valve Likewise

mentally we need to keep a distance between us and a

problem usually temporarily in order to see better

what its about then take hold of it afresh Psychologists

now believe that the physical and cognitive capacity to

release underlies the ability of people to be free from a

fear or an obsession Release is also full of ethical

implication as when we surrender control - our grip shy

over others

CD the importance of learning to let go

advantages of playing musical instruments

effects of cultural experience on mentality

the relationship between theory and practice

reg factors influencing the quality of music education

2013d

1t-SLP(a3)~ OJ-28sect1(~)-12 2013521 949 AM 1111deg1 Ill (11)~ -+shy

1 (A) (B) (C)Q] Zf ljjpound ltliojPmiddoti oj~ojj ~~ Jf~2pound 7pJ -3j~~

~~

In 1961 Jerry Richardson faced an important decision

He had a job that was considered (A) 1 glamorous 7 glamorously I But when the raise he had requested was

turned down he felt the time had come to start his own

business He retired from football Richardson and his

family moved back to South Carolina where an old

college buddy invited him to buy a hamburger stand

Richardson bought Hardees first franchise He went

from catching footballs to (B) 1 flip flipping 1hamburgers

twelve hours a day After hours he scrubbed stoves and

mopped floors His reward Four hundred and seventeen

dollars a month (C) 1 Frustrated Frustrating 1 as he was

Richardson refused to give up He focused on making

his restaurant more efficient Before long his business

boomed

+ (A) (B) (C)

CD glamorous flip Frustrated

glamorous flipping Frustrated

glamorous flip Frustrating

glamorously flip Frustrated

reg glamorously flipping Frustrating

rt 0 Ial nl~ -1 tl tl ~ nl alA ~-I ~Q2bull 10 2~ EC lIl v -rtl 0=1 A1-

Timing is an essential ingredient of effective

communication If CD possible do not discuss sensitive

matters with someone who is tired worried about other

things or in a bad mood reg Nor should you approach

someone about an important concern unless you have

enough time to discuss the matter thoroughly Likewise

give careful thought to reg where you will be talking

Unless it is necessary do not talk about sensitive

matters in front of others Try to find a place that is

free of such distractions as television other people and

loud noises If the person whom you need to talk is

likely to be nervous or suspicious it may be wise to

select a place where he or she will feel relatively secure

and comfortable

_~Oi 1

rhI -P

+

3 c ifQ] ~~ ~ 1fL ~ ~ltljAJ ifWQ] ~~ol -3j~5j-Al l~

~~

According to a study published in the mid-1990s

approximately 50 percent of people surveyed

considered themselves to be shy Shyness can CD impact

your job search in many ways While you may be able to

deal with it when interacting with people with whom

you are reg familiar talking to strangers can be very

difficult And what does the job search consist of more

often than anything else Talking to strangers including

interviewers recruiters and even receptionists One

way to reg combat your shyness is to keep a positive

attitude about yourself Try to refrain from negative

self-talk such as Im not good enough You should be

confident that you are worthy of getting hired Focus on

your skills and why they make you a desirable employer

CiFSfj 4 tj- g ifQ] Ail ~ 7j-7cf -3j ~~ ~ ~

There is a problem about grips especially important

to people who develop an advanced hand technique In

music for instance one can play rapidly and cleanly

only by learning how to come off a piano key or how to

release the finger on a string or on a valve Likewise

mentally we need to keep a distance between us and a

problem usually temporarily in order to see better

what its about then take hold of it afresh Psychologists

now believe that the physical and cognitive capacity to

release underlies the ability of people to be free from a

fear or an obsession Release is also full of ethical

implication as when we surrender control - our grip shy

over others

CD the importance of learning to let go

advantages of playing musical instruments

effects of cultural experience on mentality

the relationship between theory and practice

reg factors influencing the quality of music education

2013d

_J 1r-SLP(23)ll ltgtJ-281(~)-12 2013521 949 AM 1111deg1 12 (11) --+shy

+

571 c~ ~JoI ~Of~ W~ 71t ~~~ ~~ 12112

5

An argument goes round in circles when ____ For example some people claim that one should believe that God exists because the Bible says so But when asked why we should believe the Bible they answer that we should believe it because God wrote it Such people are begging the question for they are assuming what they are trying to prove namely that God exists Heres another example Jane has telepathy says Susan How do you know asks Ami Because she can read my mind replies Susan Since telepathy is by definition the ability to read someones mind all Susan has told us is that she believes that Jane can read her mind because she believes that Jane can read her mind Her reason merely repeats her claim in different words Consequently her reason provides no additional justification for her claim

+ CD a word is used in two different senses reg it is related to relationships that we go for reg whats true of the parts is true of the whole its conclusion is used as one of its premises reg a claim is true or false on the basis of its origin

6

Studies of beauty were conducted that involved a group of people who knew each other and another group of people who didnt The participants were asked to rate physical attractiveness and non-physical traits such as respect and talent Strangers rated only physical attractiveness In one study sports team members considered the slacker to be ugly and their leader to be physically attractive However strangers blind to the members relative contributions rated both as equally attractive on the basis of photographs In another study after six weeks of working together on an archaeological dig students perception of physical attractiveness changed based on interactions during the course Look at Abraham Lincoln During his lifetime he was considered very ugly Yet his physical features have become beloved because of what he had done for the country If you want to enhance your physical attractiveness ______

slacker rJl~~~~ol

CD increase your own fitness reg talk to people about the future reg become a valuable social partner rethink the value of cosmetic surgery reg ignore the influence of non-physical traits

_~Of

7

In a recent experiment conducted in the Netherlands

the team of researchers attached fliers to bicycles that were parked in an alley with a sign that prohibited graffiti The researchers secretly observed people as

they retrieved their bicycles from the alley and noted what they did with the fliers Their results are striking

One day when the walls of the alley were free of

graffiti about a third of the cyclists littered their fliers

on the ground But on another day when the walls of

the alley were covered in a lot of graffiti more than

two-thirds of the cyclists littered their posters This experiment suggests that if something is disorderly it is likely to ________

flier ~jl ~71 ~~

CD lead to more mess reg make people annoyed

reg leave the alley deserted

attract peoples attention

reg weaken our immune system

0JtiI1I 8 ~Qj 15 ~poundpound io o-]~ PJO] ~ o-]77]0i] 7AJ ~~~ ~

In fact you could injure yourself if you use them

improperly

Half of the men come to the gym for vain reasons that they want to show off and the other half come to the gym

for the genuine desire to shape up those muscles ( CD ) Studies have found unfortunately that the men who go to

the gym for vain reasons would potentially shame those

who are overweight or those who ask for advice or help

( reg ) So the men who could benefit the most from the

machines and exercises are likely to remain silent and

hesitate to ask for help ( reg ) However nothing will

change unless you are using the machines properly ( )

Trainers make their living in gyms for a reason - people need coaching from them ( reg ) You werent born

knowing how to use machines so its not demeaning to ask

for a bit of advice now and then

2013d2

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1t-SLP(23)~ ltgtj-28~1(~)-1a 2013521 949 AM 111deg1 13 (11)~ -+

lIHJiI 9 oJ~ if Coj] 6]oJ~ ifS4 -e-)ii2 7AJ gtj~~ ~~

Sir Isaac Newton wasnt just content to ponder apples

falling to the ground Consumed by curiosity about how light optics and vision work he endured experiments in which he spent long spells staring at the sun and poking his own eyeball with a small knife to see how it affected

his vision

(A) Thomas Young was just as enthusiastic when he

investigated how eyes adjust to see varying distances

Young attached a small metal hook to the back of his

eyeball while looking at his nose

(B) Amazingly he didnt go blind and went on to produce a

revolutionary theory of light and its behavior though its not clear how much his self-experimentation

contributed to his understanding Newton wasnt alone

in experimenting with his own eyeballs (C) This resulted in a bright spot in his vision which didnt

move when his eyes focused on the far distance thus

proving that the accommodation process did not

involve the elongation of the eye

t elongation ~ojt ~AJ-

CD (A) - (C) - (B) reg(B)-(A)-(C) (B)-(C)-(A)

(C) - (A) - (B) reg (C) - (B) - (A)

10 C if~ 41 sect ~ ~ iPJ~ AQ[otJl7t ~q- Jill- (A)Q (B)ojj

~Oi~~pound 7t~ gtj~~ ~~

According to a study of more than 10000 thirdshy

graders it turns out that a daily recess can have positive

effects on schoolchildren Researchers studying US

girls and boys 8 to 9 years old found that a recess of 15

minutes or longer was associated with the way the

students act But many kids now have less free time and engage in fewer physical activities at school because many schools cut time allotted to recess in order to

focus on reading and math Saying that recess may play

an important role in the learning and social

development the researchers encourage parents to

learn about physical activity and recess programs when

selecting a school for their child

Whether kids have more time to (A) is linked to their (B) at school

As with other perceptions pain is not an automatic

result of certain types of stimulation Some people with

severe injuries report little pain whereas other people

with much less serious injuries report more pain The

perception of pain can be influenced greatly by beliefs

expectations personality mood and other factors

involving higher mental processes The subjective nature

of pain is illustrated by placebo effects Many people suffering from pain report relief when given a placebo shy

such as a sugar pill that is presented to them as if it were

a painkilling drug Further evidence has come from

studies that have found ethnic and cultural differences in

the pain associated with childbirth and the experience of

chronic pain

The element in pain perception becomes

clear when something distracts your attention from pain t and the hurting temporarily disappears For example

imagine that youve just hit your thumb with a hammer and its throbbing with pain Suddenly your child cries out that theres a fire in the laundry room As you race to deal

with this emergency you forget all about the pain in your thumb As you can see then tissue damage that sends

pain impulses on their way to the brain doesnt necessarily

result in the experience of pain Cognitive and emotional processes that unfold in higher brain centers can somehow

block pain signals coming from peripheral receptors

peripheral ~~~ ~~~

p

_~Oi 3 2013d

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I13-SLPe3)1l ltgtj-28~I(tln)-~ 2013521 953 AM IIPI )lt11 rh 17

mIreg

~~i$H~

1961 ltioJl Jerry Richardson~ ~R~ ~~oJl ~

liisectlq 1 l3i~ 1Qpound oJ7-J~1( ~AJ~ 7~q

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~~q ~~ol ~l -1-oJl 1 Aj01l~ ~ FrtJl 11~~ 78~~q z~ 4-~~ ~ ~oJl 417~Ci~ q ~sectlAl~ Richardson~ ~71ti71 ~ r1yen~ q 1 AlQj ~tl~ ~ A2jQpound ~E rJl l ~~q uiAl f01Qj )~~ ~~q

+ O1$l2- 7 ~

bull stand x~

bull franchise amp~ ~[]HT

bull flip yenl~q

bull boom ~A~71 ~Pl7~ ~~Alq

bull Frustrated as he was Richardson refused to give

up l~A~ as= III~ OIAII2f 012~= Y221 Lf

E~tjq refuseto g i5f71~ 7~~i5~ 2f= ~Olc~

ISolution

(A) middot~8~cfi 0l7~AICV 2fE ~~ If~i5f2l2 be

considered 21 OJpound ~~Af7t poundl-O~ i5fEpound

glamorous~ JJiO~ tfcf

(B) OIIAi 8pound 21E ~ sE from A to BOIIAi tOE

~~IAfOl9pound ~~Af flipping~ JJio~ ~ct

(C) RichardsonOI ete A~~ ~Ali A01 0LI2~ At

~Ol ~f1 AO~ Frustrated~ MlO~ OjtgjOlI wet

Watch your step

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lt2J glamorously= ~ 4 gtet (B)from A to BOIIAi to= jjIAfolcf to~Af21 topound

~zrofAI PJpound~ ~2loHO~ ~Cf

(C) Frustrating~ ~2 RichardsonO I Cfe Afa~ ~~

AI~cf= 21ol7f poundj~ ~212~ Oj6lii5fcf

2 glEWfI Oi~~ ~ 1l mIregbull 9$

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~~~ ~olq 7P5-tilii nj~tir1tj- q~ ~O1l

qj~ Cl~tir1tj- 71~ol ~Al ~~ AJ-EllQj Aifi lJ if~ g~loJl rJl~ i=-~tiAl Wc ~~ ~1f ~Il~

bull t~Of

1 glE3 0i~0I1 9te 1l~~

iE-~101l rJlt~ ~7-lti711 i=-Qj~ ~~ )lzrol ~ 7S 4-7 oYclii z ~Il~ Cl~r1e101l rJl~ Qji=-ti71 q]t~ ~1f J-if011711 j-2-~--jpound il- yenIq u7Alpound ~q--j 0lot71~ ti1I1 ~ 1~A101l qjt~ l~ti711 A~ Zf3tcf ~il11l]~ q~ J-Et~ ~ ~e1Qj ~gi Qshy~ tiM ~7 It AJ~~ ~C tlli qj~ ~ot 3J -ifdegl ~~3r1tj- ~1l~ ~ 1 Q-Qlii 1 J-if0]1Ilii~ ~~3Jl qj~3711 ~ AJ-~~ ~

~tiH 10j ~~~ 1olq

O1$l2- 7~ bull ingredient =jlg~ g-lEshy

bull distraction ~21 ~I2t ~~ ~g ~H

bull suspicious 21~5IE 21~~2ig

(Solution

talkE A~AfOl9pound ~poundI- OIO~715fCr 2IE ll~

5f2l2 talk with ~pound MlO~ ~et J2i9pound 21 whom

~ with whom2pound ~o~ ~q

rf-t 3bull311 ~gq~~3tAI Wg Oil mIreg

~~I$H~

1990ltirJl ~tftoJl ~JlyenI ~-T011 Qj3lii ~~ ~~ J-Et~ ~ rJl~ 50n-jAjlsect Atl~ol ~~qJl

)~Zf~q 4-~ g ~ oJej 7A1 liioJlJ--j -T~oJl ~~chshyul~ 4- ~q ~4r~ -Et~ ~ rJlit rrlJ z1 ~ iftl it ~pound ~A]~ ~~AYf~i 010t7l~ rrJI Or ~ 3J~ 4- ~q -T~o] q~ ~1f 1iq ~ 1f-~ ~ -TAdpoundl7 (z1~ Jlpound) liij~ lit -~2 lA llAl~ j~~ ~W3ol ~~ -Et~i deglot 713H 1olq 4-g g ~ ~e1~1~ ~ 7A1 tiJ~~ A lOU rJl~ ~AJ2j~ EJlpound~ AltiH=-1olq tj- ~ ~3Al fo9~~ yen~~~ ~1Bl~ f73JJl ~cj- Al0l Jl~ ~~ 7~17 ~qJl Al1f~ 77ltj0t ~q 71lQj 7l~1s-pound1)i ~ z1 ~ 01 tll Jlif~ ~ Jl7(--7 Al~AHpound ~c A101l ~~ ~ f-~c

O1$l2- 7 ~ bull receptionist l4

bull refrain middot~mqgq

1Solution l

~Af2l~ =jl QI 4gg ~51E ~1OI1 rHc5H ~~

51E ~ID crf2tAi 21 employeF employee

pounde candidatepound IJRlOjo~ tfct

4 glE ~2 ~7i1 mlCD ~~i$H~

~~oJl ~~~~17 ~rJl ~~ t~Qj ~ 71~

~~-]71 )if~oJl71l ~31 ~R3q oj]~ ~~

gQ[011--j njos ~tft011J--j ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~o]L-Jshynj~~oJl--j ~7t~~ ~o T tiJ-~~ llflQpound~

Bll2Jl 7Jll3ti71l ~9-Vl4- ~q ol9 J-3711 ~ l~Qpoundpound ~~17 1f-~011 ~~ 1~Al ~ ~ iUL A~~711 ~~l ~ ~3j-37] q]~ 4-e1 i-W ~J-]2jQ

1

pound ~1f iE-A~l9 ~~~ r1e1~ ~ ~Il7 ~q deglA~l

1le1~Ag f-3Joltj- 7J-~~3QpoundyenEl 1)t~Ljshy

)if~Qj 1s-pound1011 l~l2jO]Jl ~A]~~ ~~

4- ~ 0pound1 01 71~7 yenIqJl ~Jl ~q ~O 5 ~

~~ 4-e17 q~ J-ifoJl rJl~ -WAll 4-e1Qj ~~

~ yen71~ rrlJ9~ol e12j~ ~Qjpound 7]-amp3q

OJyenI2- 7 ~ bull cognitive lt2JAI~CZJ

bull underlie 2 71~t poundlet bull obsession ~j-f-IEJ

bull surrender 5718fct

bull Likewise mentally we need to keep a distance

between us and a problem usually temporarily

in order to see better what tfs about then take

hold of it afresh in order to cf-sectol Ef 7H2I --Affj

sect(see take 7f ltcl~sect =jl350ICf 2lffW whatOI

oIn= ~(what it aboutg see21 ~~Ojpound AtsectErjOj

n~2I~ Oi~2iE-Af+~OjffiAr)OI AfsectErj~Cf Ef

r AfsectEI [H~Af itg 2Ef a problem~ AI~~Cf

~Solution

Qj71011Ai ~ IEIIE tgj~ IlH~o ~ 7J18C~ ~~ ~ 4

~~ol Ef2i--oIQ ~~~~g ~]ilpound ~~ ~ olE

tgj~ IlH~OF tfclE LH~olEpound ~]iIpoundE CD W01471

~ IlH~ 121 gRg 0 1 ~~5fCf

Watch your step

reg Q71~ ltcl~61E A2 01amp + ~~ ~il~o I ~g01 0 1j1= ~~

0 IE~ ~~2 ftljl sect-Q iiamp2 ~01 ~~ 01j1= Rlt2-sectshy

5 MIEf1 t1tJ ~E mIreg

~~i$H~

i=-~~~ 1 ~e0l ~l(ol)~ ~ tiLj-pound--j J-~

rrJI ~11~~ ~q ojl~ ~~ ~ ~ J-if~~ Ad7So1 1~711 ~71 rrJI~oJl 4-e1 3tj-cl 0] ~A~~qJl

~~ot ~qJl ZPJ~q zCiL-J- ~ Aa7S ~ ~~ot

3H-Al ~m~ ~~ rrlJ I~~ titj-cldeglz1~ ~7l

1Ij]iE-oJl ~~o~ ~qJl rJl~q z~ )if~ -l 01 OtgAlpound 22 1~ 1ff~ -3Jl ~rJl z~~

1~ol ~~33JJl 3H- 1 ~ 3tj-cl 0l ~A~~q

-l01 otgAlpound 2~q 1~ 1ff~ -3Jl ~71

rrlJiE-0lq oJ71oJl ~ q~ i7]7 ~q Susanol JaneoJl711 ~illnfJ-]7 ~~cJl ~q Ami bfl7 o-JW711 ~ocJl ~ q Susan~ 1uj 7 tJl ug ~ ~ ~ 4- ~71 rrJlii-degldegtcj-Jl rJlit~q

~illnfJ-l AJQjAJ ~1f )ifQj ul g ~ ~ ~ 4- ~

1g-pound10]7] rrJI~011 Susanol 4-e101171l W~ 2 101 Janeol zujQj ug ~ ~ ~ 4- ~ 1 ~ zuj7 ~Jl ~71 rrJI~oJl Janeo1 1ujQj ug ~ ~ 4- ~

qJl zuj7 ~q 10lq 1ujQj -2-r17 1ffA] q~ Wpound zujQj ~~ tft~it ~olq ~e~Q

pound zL-1~ -2-r1 zujQj ~O1l -cJl~ ~7~ ~ E

tl~ deg1~ qjAl ~q

2013~

rh 17

113-SLP(3)~ 1-28~1($Hgt_oJ 2013521953 AM ]111deg1112 -+shy

Oj~2- 7 ~ bull argument ~J

bull go round in circles ~II~~ ~c~

bull claim yendo~q bull beg the question (Al11ol o~eAIpound 2pounde -31~) 8~ ~c~

bull assume ~~15~~

bull namely ~

bull additional ~7fQj

bull justification E~f Ol~

bull claim ~~f ~

bull - some people claim that one should believe that God exists because the Bible says so claimQj ~

~Wf poundIe ~Af~~ lt2toll qAI thatOI OIIle ~Af~

01 2il J lt2toll qAI 01~Qj fAf~ol 2e ~gOICf bull - all Susan has told us is that she believes that

Jane can read her mind because she believes

that Jane can read her mind aliOI ggQj 4-0101il

yenlOfI ~~~ flIl[H~Af thatOI ~~poundI~2oj is7f sectAf

Olil that -0lo-f7f I01Qj ~Af~oq

ASOlution

~~yenQj LH~ o-fLPcJ ~AI~lLfil ~q - ~30 Jill

~q - 21 ~3~ ~OjO~ i5fL~ - o-fLflol ~71 IQg Jljshy

~~yenQj LH~ Janeol JUjQj D~~ ~~ 2qil ~7 IQgol Janeg JLQj D~~ ~~ ~C~il ~~

~cre Lijsectg o~~AiD7f cfe ~pound ~~~-e~ ~~~ILKHer reason merely repeats her claim in different wordsgtE LH~oE itoliE J ~-E

+ o I ~Ail~ ~ 5fLfpoundA1 A~-ElCr 7~ 7~ Sf~5~f

Watch your step

CD ~ 801 f 7HQj Cfe Qjolpound NsectpoundICf

reg ~dJol Ef217f ~~~ ~e [H2JfJlI2 fC01 2Cf

ltf ~Ofl ~~poundIE -310 1~~1IOfI ~~poundILf

~t()1 J 71~OfI 2716f()j mJAI 71-)01cf

6 GlEE ~~ m

~~aH~

A1pound Or ~121 Aj-~~J1j- A1pound 5sect E q~ ~

121 Aj-~~ ~ ~W-5H=- otqgOlJ B-~ ir7j- ~ 8H~q ~7j-AJ ~ ~ -B~J~ ~AJJ1j- ~73degJl-j- AH~J1jshy

~~ llJ-B~iJ~J ~AJ21 g 9 ~ uH~ ~~ Jl~~~ q 5sect Aj-~~~ -B~J~ uHIl g 9 ~ uH~q ~ irOlJA1 Jlii ~-~~ j]~~t1~oJ~ A~~q Jl cij~Jl L~21 cJtJ ~ -B~iJ~~ uHI~oJcJl cij~q Lcjl-j- ~-~21 -JtH~J 7Jcij5~ ~AJ -5H=-52 Aj-~~~ Aj-~~ 1Ij-~pound~q~J0l uHI~oJcJl g~ uH~q E ct~ irOlJA1 )) sect fi 3l-~oJI 67J W7JjJ ~~ ~oJI sectA~~21 -B ~il~ uHIoJI tH~ J6j0J L l1j-AJ l-21 -Jsect~g ~ -2-7jpound ~~~q Abraham Lincoln ~ 2c ~A~ L oJ- ~~~cJ-Jl cij7-j~q Lcjl-j-L21 -B~iJ~ J A~~AH L7j-l-j-~ ~8Jl-q ~ 1IJlgOlJ Aj-il~

~~cJ- -B~J~ uHIpound~ ~oJJl 1icJ-~ 7j-~J ~f=

Aj-~~ ~A7j- poundlcJ-

Oj$2- 7 ~ bull graffiti tA-j

bull conduct ~5fq

_ Olaf 0

middottrait ~

bull rate ~7~i5fCf ~i3~ DH7IC~

bull archaeological iil~~2J

dig ~~~

bull enhance ~olc~

bull In one study sports team members considered

the slacker to be ugly and their leader to be

physically attractive consider + ~~O1 + to be

7~ 7f middot6fCfil ()j7ILf 2fE ~OICf

( Solution

A-EtQj 2j2OfI [Hf ~1801 ~~il LHOfIA-j2l mIOfI If 2~ ~2fBcH= -31~ ~f ~-7- ~Jlj-Ofl 1f8H 71~i5fil ~

Cf ~~()jAi 2j2i ~~i[t Afi2t~OIIl1 A~~ E il 2E ~( [H~~Qj 0I1~ ~il ~cf J2Epound ~j~1

~ DHSfpound~ ~Ojl ~cf~ 011 OI01~ Wpound 7~ ~~~ -31g become a valuable social partner(7f~1 ~ e Af~~ -5~Af7~ poundI2f)Olq

Watch your step

CD a~ AfilQj IY~ SAI7j2f

~ ol2lOfI f3H AfEt~IJjI Wf2f

~~~Qj 7f~IOfI [H3H LfAI ~zroH 52f

1I1~j11~2J ~~~Qj ~~ -i-AI15f2f

7 bull---IIE~ ~~ ~E mCD ~~aH~

tJJf1~tOlJA1 AJ~~ ~-2-21 -q jfloJlA1 ir- ~ oJ ~A1 ~ ilAJi5H=-lfA]yent0J V ~-amp~OlJ AiJ~ Eshy

AH-7jOlJ ~oJ ~1(tAJ~ ~~q ir-~~ Aj-~~ oJ ~-amp~OlJA1 Aj-~~~ --0j-~uJlL~~ Jl B-~ ~Jl L~ol L ~oj ~1AJpound ~~l(J -3oJI 7S~ q L~21 ~~ ~~cJ- ~~~21 tJj~Ol] 17jshy~l(J tOll Aj-~~ EN- j-~~21 Q[ 3~21l OJ A] ~ ~Oll ~1(tAl ~ lIi~cJ- 1cjl-j- ~-amp~9J tJjOlj A17 woJ iicij Vi cJ-~ tOlJ Aj-~7j ~ EE Ajshyif~213~212 0J-JoJ ~1AJ~ lIi~cJ- OJ jfl~ lQ] o-Jl ~oJ -yen-~A1i5j-~ L-30j tJ Wg -yen-~A1 ~ ampJli5H=- 73~J=degJ ~q -3 ~ AJAj-~q

Oj$2- 7 ~ bull conduct ~~i5fCf

bull litter amp2ICf Ii2ICf

bull The researchers secretly observed people as they

retrieved their bicycles from the alley and noted

what they did with the fliers sectAf observed2

noted7f ~ Lf O1 researchersOfI OI01jq ~4i-Af

ase ~ [~Ofr 2H= ~O ILf

rltSolution )

IjOfI A-j7~ gtt etOIle ~8AI~ ~~0I1 isect liE ~ ~0I1 IjOfI A17f Btt eOIfE C1 Btolli~cfil ~oc

$ iIOIIi lead to more mess(C1 Btg poundf~A1~ ~ 2l5~f)7~ ~0j71-E ~ol 7~ ~~i5fq

Watch your step

reg AfEt~~ JAfg-LfJjI [t~Cf

~~~ AfEt~Qj ~2l7~ gte gElpound fLf

AfEt~Qj f~~ ~Lf

Ef2IQj tJQI ~1IlI1~ Q)~AI7lq

2

rh 0

8 allila ~Ol IOI~ i-jtl mbull $gt

~~oH~

~~olJ 2 Aj-if~ 5- ~~~ Aj-ilampj-JDj- ampH=- 5J ~21 -amp~~pound ~J~Olj 2Jl E q~ ~~~ -9 ~ 8Adampj-aJ ~Aa~ ~pJ~ 7j-AJJl ~iJ~ ~cJ-

~~ampj-7Jjpound ~r ~AOlJ 21ampj-~ 5J~21 01pound ~~

oJJ ~ Aj-~~~ l1j-~J5-0l7jLf poundoJl-j- ~~~ Jl ~ampH=- Aj-~~oJJ7JJ o-J~~ -IIj ~ ~ 7pg-AJOJ ~

cJ- LcJ8j-cij 7J7-jJl-j- J lii ~ ~amptcij 7j-AJ W~ ~12Ij

~ ~~ V Aj-if~OJ ~ampJ ~7jl-j- E pound ~ Jl~ampH=- qJ A1-5j-7JJ ~cJ- Lcjl-j- 7J7-jJ ~ ~~

ampj-7JJ AJ-ampj-A] J~~ oj--yen-~pound ~ampj-AJ J~ ~oJq

j~Jpound L-3~ yen~~ampj-7JJ AJ-i5j-~ If-AJ ~

pound Vq EilJ0JtJ~~ Aj-~~OJ L~poundyenEj AJpound ~ ~Jlpound ~q 0J uJlgOlJ ~Jl AH=- Aj-~~OJ

cJ- ~ g tf Ej 7J7-jJ 3l-~ ~ ~Jl ElJo-J At~~ ~

~p~ 1IJluJlpound Q]z-21 ~~~ Jlr-5H=- ~~ -IIj~

~oJ oj-YcJ-

Oj~2- 7 ~ bull vain ~LHE 15i~~2J

bull potentially O1JAi~(=possibly)

bull demeaning (~fE ~~I~) ~012le

bull So the men who could benefit the most from the

machines and exercises are likely to remain

silent and hesitate to ask for help who -7f

men~ yen-IOfIAi ~jerq be likely to - -of71

~q 2fe ~olq are likely to -2- hesitateE ~

q -Oi menOJI OIOjjq

(Solution +~2l sect~ ~ il2~~ IQ 01-tj ~2l themg the

machines(~ 71J1I~ 7f2l7IE ~ltEl~ ~ ~q

J2i C yen -01B ~g ~~5~AI ~f ~ 71711 A~

Ofl If-oH czi3f ~ IIfpound fl2J 0I1 ~0171-E ~Ol 7~

g ~~15~f

Watch your step

01j ggOiI if you use them improperly21-E WOI

Lf2eCJl 0 I ~~ 8A-pound 6f()j -01-tj ggoI ~01Y

~~I~ ~ lt1q

J9 MIIil11 ~2j ~A1 ~

~~aH~

Isaac Newton~ AiJ-7j- rg-~~ ~o-JAJ ~~ 11 oJ A~Zf-5H=- qj l~i5j-Al J~q ~ ~sect LeJJl Al4deg1 o-J~7JJ 3l-i5H=-AJOlJ tH~ sect7JllOlJ Aj-poundjshy-amp] AlloJl o-Jl ~~~ UJ~JAJ~ oj-i-aJJl ElJoJ= ~ Atl gAJi5j-Jl1(tpoundpound ~~~ ~12 1l~~ ~

cj ~cJ- (B) ~~7JJpound L ~oJ ~AJ J~Jl 1Il~

L21 Aj-71 jfloJ L21 01 8Jl Oll ~uj-l-j- 7Jcij~Al

~~~J ~AJl ~T ~ 7-j14r-5j-cij ~J1j-L 3l-OlJ tH ~ ~~~J 0J~~ ~o-J ~q NewtonoJ L Ajshy-B21 ~~~ [Jl llfl-q ~-q Aj-if~ oy~q

(A) Thomas Young~ ~oJ q Ool1I 7jcJ~ 27J ~8H o-J~j] ~ gi5H=-AJ ~ ~Aj-fl1IJl ~JoJ ~~~

0J~cJ- Young~ E~ llcJ-2 l-OlJ ~~ ampj~

JlcJ ~ L21 ~ 2f1Oll ~~q (C) degl~ ~ L21 AJoF oJI ~~ ~oJ A~7J7JJ 9iJl L~~ L21 ~oJ ~ 7jcJ oJI amp~~ ~~Jl V~ 1IJl ~OJAJ J~Jl nJ-2A1

2013d

I13-SLP(13)ol OJ -28~W~)-OJ 2013521 953 AM n~ 01113 -+shy

~ g ifAJ~ i-0l ~Di1f ~g lfriirAl i ~g ~~~q

OJ$l2- 7 ~ bull ponder 4iJli5fC~

bull spell ~a-pound21 7l1~

bull poke ~1Ecf

bull accommodation plusmn~ =BIsect

bull Consumed by curiosity about how light optics

and vision work he endured experiments in

which he spent long spells staring at the sun and

poking his own eyeball with a small knife to see

how it affected his vision Consumed by rv

vision worke ftA~OICf -f7jlqj~N which21

~j)~ experimentsO ICf spend + AII- + shying 7~~ ~ middot6f2Ai iLlCf 2f SOICf

(Solution

-Ol-tj sect ~0I1-E Newton21 ~~ OIO~717~ olOlAI

-E (8)7~ 210~ iifOf (8)21 D~AI~ ~1OI1Ai Newton~

-eurotg ~~~ ~ EE q~ Arg~ ~Hi58J1c~ ~~ ~AI

o~Jl 9JOCl Thomas Young21 ~~ ~Hl5~Jl ~

-E (Am (8)21 yenlOll 2-E ~Ol A~~~Cf (A)21 yenlOll

-E ~~21 ~~I rtI~ ~~0I1 ~H~~ (C)7~ 210~

~q

+ Watch your step

(8)21 Of AI ~ gg(Newton wasnt alone in

experimenting with his own eyeballs)~ ~oH A~-t1Qj

pound~ Dlgi5fOl ~gj~ ~ EE cte JlfsecttAfOjl -tf~ DlotJI

7~ yenlOll L~ ~~~ Oll-2l~ - ~q

10 8 11211t -sect2J 2Qj 00(1)

~~H~

~ ~ degFJ~ 3~1 ~)~~ojl 1JI~ ~ ~r-ojl 1I2

Ttl c~FJ~l ~~ol ~Ji degrol~ojlJjl ~AJ~l ~~J=

g 7lHl ~ol m-~11q 8ilofli 9~ Arol~ 01 ~ plusmn1 plusmnl=j ~ g ~r-iirjl ~ ~r-Al~ 15~ ~ ~ zIq 1-] u ~~ol ~)~~ol ~iitElIJ~if ~~ol ~q ~g ~~~q iirAl~ tlt~ degrol~~

AlE- tlt~ ~Jiidegl ~i1f ampoJl l~iir71 ~iir~ ~~oJl wrs-yen Aln ~0171 1IJl~ojl ~JioJ1Ai tJ ~~ A Alng JrcJjl tJ ~~ ~~l~l ~8g iirjl ~q ~~ol ~gif Arsectj~ ~ltofl ~Di ~Jl ~ QjWg t ~qjl ~rnj ~r-Al~ yen5i 01 oral ~ g ~~ ~Ji~ 1ilfJw 1IJl ~11~l -il-if ~~ lIsectrltljoJl ~iir~ ~o~ ~g riirjl ~q

OJ$l2- 7 ~ bull recess ~ ~~

bull allot ~~fCf

bull engage in - 011 ~7~5~q bull Saying that recess may play an important role in

the learning and social development the

researchers encourage parents to learn about

physical activity and recess programs when

selecting a school for their child Saying that rv social developmente- fEAfrgolq encourage + ~Oj + to + Af~~ 7~~ rvOlI7J1 ~ ~~-r i5fq 2~ ~olq

Solution

~~Ol ~~~21 ~~0I1 5~~~ ~~ DI~c~ 4I~ 21 sectOICl5 R~g21 ~l (A)2f (8)011 ~Oly ~ 7f

~ ~~~ ~g break2f behaviorolcf

Watch your step

reg~~i5fq-~

Ars-sect-1f iilAili5fq - ~sectshy

AfEt~il- iilAili5fcf - ~

AIf-Afi5fCf - AI91

[11-12]

~~H~ q~ A1Zf~if 07rAlsect ~~~ ojq ~ AR ~ At~l ~if7r oyq 1l~ )J~1~ ~~ ~yen Ar~~~ ~~g 7-J~ 53l-amprAl i lfrTtloJl ~~ 1sect

1l~ AJ~1 ~ ~ ~ q~ Ar~i ~ IJ W~ ~ ~g 53l ~q H~ l~ ~ ~yenI 711Jl 7HJ 71~ rcJjl 1-] ~~ 78~ if78if ~i(0l ~ q~ Jlplusmn~ofl ~lt5H 1JI~iil l3~J= ~g ~q H~ ~~ AJ~ ~

~Qj aifoJl ~lt5jJ ~~yenq ~ ~ 0 i g ~ tlt ~ Arltg~ol o~l ~~1~Tfl 2f-DiAl 11~ ~-r tpound~ ~Qjdegl 2f-Di~ 1IJl (~~) -l-~ G]~lq ~ if ~i(yen ~~if ~2 ~~ ~~oflA-l~ l-~ ~ sectj-~ ~rol~ ~~~~ ~r ~sectyenEj ~7r~ ~7-J7r

tf~q

~ l~oJ]li~ llcJ~ Jlplusmn Diq ~ol ~~~yen

Ej ~llg 1ft rJlsect ~cJjl 0101~Al~~ Ar2f~

1IJl ~~lt5jJ~q oj]~ ~Di llJE- pJ~lpound ~Ale7r~~ 70JAi r~ol ~~~ amp~amp~ 2Mlqjl 7r78lt5jJi0r 2f ~Ar71 rs-~~ degH7r ~etJoflA-l ~ol ~qjl Qj~ q 01~i J~ ~1cJlt5rajjl ltaj~ 1IJl ~Al~7r~ ~ ~ ~ofl1Jllt5H 5f- ~ ct riflqTtl rs-~s ~qAl uj 9sect ~~ Alq-g itJl 2~ ~J~ lftcAl ~~ ~ ~~g poundcJjiirAl iq tJ ~~9 ~Ejoj]Ai ~ 7ojAl ~Al~oljl t78~~ ifAJ~ Di~ ~pound tz]-71~~yenEj 2 ~~ ~~~ 12t~ ~ ~q

OJ$l2- 7~ bull placebo ~I~ 7f~f ~

bull chronic ~121

bull distract ~~2Ict (8 III) ~2Ict

bull throb ~~ -yen-AICf

bull impulse g2 Ar-shy

bull cognitive ~A121

bull unfold ~OjAIct niAIct

bull receptor ~zt 71i9

11 MIQIaI AI~ ~ OO(J) (SOlution

~I AtEtOiI 1It2~ J7jAI-E ~7f CfsectJJ ~lOf1 lIt 21- CfEc~Jl ~OCl 7f~Qj AmiddotII~poundpound ~~i5fCf

12 MIQIIlJt ~ OOregbull p

poundSolution

~2poundyenEj jI~ B [il ~~ ufl ~Ol ~AI~2 Af2fAI-E ~g ~2I~~ R~OI ~~~fcH= ~~i

OI~ ~OI9 ~fOIl-E 7f 7r8 ~~6fcf

+

3 i ~Of 20131d

rh f