NAME ________________________________ PERIOD _______ DATE ____________________

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1. A student designed an experiment to study how temperature affects the rate at which enzymes digest protein. She put equal masses of liver into four equal-sized test tubes, brought the test tubes to different temperatures, introduced equal amounts of enzyme into each tube and measured the duration of the chemical reaction. What factors were held constant in the experiment?

A. Liver mass, test tube size, and enzyme amount.B. Liver mass, enzyme amount, and reaction duration.C. Test tube temperature and reaction duration.D. Test tube temperature, liver mass, and enzyme amount.

2. A student hypothesized that robins prefer large bird houses to small ones. He built four bird houses of different sizes to test his hypothesis. What was the independent variable in the student’s study?

A. The size of the bird house.B. The number of birds in a house.C. The location of the bird house.D. The season of the year.

Base your answers to the following questions on the information and diagrams below.

Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants were the same height at the beginning of the experiment. Different amounts of salt were dissolved in each container as shown in the diagrams. All other conditions were held constant. Measurements for the final height of each plant are provided.

3. What is the problem or testable statement for this experiment?

________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the dependent variable for this experiment?A. the amount of salt added.B. the amount of water in the container.C. the height of the plant.D. the type of plant.

5. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment.

________________________________________________________________________________

6. Which of the following describes a scientific theory?

A. A scientific theory, once established, can never be changed.B. A scientific theory is a good guess made by very smart people.C. A scientific theory explains a broad range of observed facts.D. A scientific theory is an explanation proven beyond all doubt.

USE THE PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER QUESTION #7

________7. Which element has 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons?

A. Sodium B. Magnesium C. Aluminum D. Silicon

8. Match the following : ________ element _________ compound __________mixture

A. made of 1 kind of atom. B. 2 substances physically combined C. 2 or more elements chemically combined.

_______ 9. The unit used to express liquid volume. A. centimeters (cm)

_______10. The unit used to express length. B. grams (g)

_______11. The unit used to express density. C. grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

_______12. The unit used to express mass. D. milliliters (ml)

13. Which instrument is used to calculate: A. balance B. graduated cylinder C. metric ruler

_______ Mass of an object _______ Volume of a liquid _______ Length of an object

14. ___________________ ______________________ is how to find the volume of an irregularly- shaped object. (Hint: putting it in a graduated cylinder and measuring the difference.)

15. Find the volume of the object using the graduated cylinders below.

Final Volume = ___________

Initial volume = ___________

Volume of object = ___________

16. Using the picture, the mass of the object is ____________

17. Given the mass from Q. #17 and the volume of the object from Q. #16, what is the density of the

object? (D = M/V) _______________18. Below are examples of physical and chemical changes. Place a Letter P next to the physical

changes, and a Letter C next to the chemical changes.

_______ rusting metal _______ripping paper ______burning wood _______water freezing

_______ salt dissolving in water _______ mixing 2 liquids and a gas evolves.

19. Identify convection, conduction, radiation in the picture below.

20. What is the softest mineral on Moh’s Scale? ________________ The hardest? ____________________

21. In a field test of hardness, a mineral needs to be harder than 1 3 5 to scratch glass.

22. A renewable resource is one that can cannot be replaced in our lifetime.

A non-renewable resource is one that can cannot be replaced in our lifetime.

23. Forms: _______ Igneous rock _______ Metamorphic rock ___________ Sedimentary rock

A. from pieces of other rocks B. by changing existing rocks C. from cooled molten material

24. If an igneous rock cools quickly, it’s crystals will be large or small.

25. Number the following in order from the most permeable (#1) to the least permeable (#4).

Silt/mud _____ coarse sand ______ gravel _________ fine sand _____

26. An upward fold is a(n): syncline anticline A downward fold is a(n): syncline anticline

27. 3 types of stress: _______ rocks move in two directions horizontally. A. compression

_______ rock being squeezed together. B. shearing

_______ rock being stretched. C. tension

28. Identify which fault is: strike-slip reverse normal

____________________ ____________________ ___________________29. According to the law of superposition, which rock layer is the

oldest? _______ the youngest? ________

30. Scientists get information about the interior of the Earth by studying ___________________________.

31. According to the theory of sea-floor spreading:

The oldest rocks on the ocean floor are found: closest to furthest from the mid-ocean ridge.

The youngest rocks on the ocean floor are found? closest to furthest from the mid-ocean ridge.

Oceanic crust is less or more dense than continental crust.

32. Boundary where plates move: convergent divergent transform

slide past ____________________ together ___________________ apart________________________

33. Tectonic plates move because of ___________________________ ______________________________.

34. True or False: Most earthquakes occur at plate boundaries because that’s where the plates interact the most.

35. If the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves is far apart, the epicenter is: far away close

* Know how to read the chart on page 161 P and S waves and distance to epicenter.

36. True or False: Amount of gases and silica are two factors that cause a volcano to be more explosive than others.

37. ______ wide, gentle sloped volcano A. cinder

______ short, steep-sided cone B. composite

______ tall, well-shaped cone C. hot spot

______ volcano that forms in the middle D. shield of a plate.

38. Using a colored pen/pencil, draw arrows to show how smoke would move if a lit punk was placed in tube A.

39. Why does the air flow in this direction? ______________________________

________________________________________________________________

A B ______________________________________________________________

40. Label a sea breeze. Show rising air (UP), sinking air (DOWN), high pressure (more dense), low pressure (less dense).

WATER LAND

Label a land breeze. Show rising air (UP), sinking air (DOWN), high pressure (more dense), low pressure (less dense).

WATER LAND

41. Which wind belt moves weather across the United States? Polar Easterlies Westerlies Trade Winds

42. The deflection of the winds due to the Earth’s rotation is called : ________________________________

43. When a liquid changes into a gas it is called condensation evaporation melting

When a gas changes into a liquid it is called condensation evaporation melting

44. As the wet and dry bulb temperature get closer together the relative humidity is low high

As the wet and dry bulb temperature are far apart, the relative humidity is low high

CLOUDS: Stratus Cumulonimbus Cirrus Cumulus

45. Cloud made of ice crystals ____________________ Puffy clouds __________________________

Layered clouds that produce drizzle _________________ Storm clouds _________________________

Air masses: maritime tropical (MT) continental tropical (CT) maritime polar ( MP) continental polar (CP)

46. Forms: Over cold land (Canada) ____________________ Over warm oceans _____________________

Over warm land (Mexico) ____________________ Over cold oceans _____________________

47. True or False: Tornadoes are common in Tornado Alley because two very different air masses meet in the middle of the United States.

A

B

D

C

48. What kind of weather is associated with a low pressure system? fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy

49. What kind of weather is associated with a high pressure system? fair, cool, dry cloudy, rainy

50. What kind of weather follows a cold front? warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry

51. What kind of weather follows a warm front? warm and humid clear skies/cooler/dry

52. An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal temperatures.

An isobar or isotherm connects areas of equal pressure.

53. Draw a station model: Air pressure 29.2 inches Overcast/cloudy skiesAir temperature 65° F .3 inches of precipitationDew point temperature 56° F Wind speed: 14 mph

Wind direction: southwest

54. Seasons are caused by: __________________________ & ___________________________________

55. When the Earth is tilted towards the sun, the Northern Hemisphere the season is __________________.

56. When the Northern Hemisphere has summer, the Southern Hemisphere has _____________________.

57. During a lunar eclipse, the moon is:

new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter

During a solar eclipse, the moon is:

new moon 1st quarter full moon 3rd quarter

58. Which 2 positions would the moon be in during a Spring tide? A B C D

Neap tide? A B C D

59. As you move from position C to position A, the amount of light on the moon’s surface would:

increase decrease stay the same60. The model that states the stars and planets all revolve around the Earth.

geocentric heliocentric

The model that states the planets, including Earth, revolve around the sun.

geocentric heliocentric

61. Where are the brightest, hottest stars on the H-R diagram?

_______________________________________________

Coolest, dimmest stars?

________________________________________________

62. Compare Rigel to Sirius B.

__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ dwarf star neutron star black hole red giant nebula

63. A star the size of the sun will become a ______________________________ when it dies.

64. A massive star will become either a ___________________________ or ___________________________ at the end of its life cycle.

65. A star begins its life within a ______________________________.

Type X Type Y Type Z

66. Which galaxy is: _______ irregular _______ spiral ________ elliptical

67. The spinning of the Earth on its axis is called: revolution rotation

68. The Earth travelling once around the Sun is called: revolution rotation

69. The moon goes through phases because of its revolution rotation around the Earth.

70. Night and day are caused by the Earth’s revolution rotation

71. A planet is kept in orbit around the sun by _____________________ and _______________________.

A. star B meteorite C. nebula D. comet E. moon F. planet G. light-year

______ an icy ball of gas and dust. ______ a body that orbits a star. __________ unit for measuring distance in

space.______ a huge cloud of gas and dust. _______ a body that orbits a planet.

______a chunk of metal or rock that strikes the Earth’s surface. ________ a glowing ball of gas.

72. Which planet has the shortest orbital period? (goes around the sun fastest?) ______________________

Which planet has the longest orbital period? (goes around the sun slowest?) _____________________

73. The inner planets are: large small and gaseous rocky

74. The outer planets are: large small and gaseous rocky

75. Which type of electromagnetic radiation:

Has the longest wavelength? gamma visible light radio

Has the shortest wavelength? gamma visible light radio

Is the only form of radiation we can see? gamma visible light radio

76. Match the following features of the sun to the diagram.

_______ Core

_______ Corona

_______ Photosphere

_______ Sunspots