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30 Years of Live Working in Romania.Economical Benefits of Live Working

(case study)

Marius Oltean- SC Smart SA- RomaniaIoan Sevastre- SC Smart SA- Romania

Ioan Rodean -CN Transelectrica SA- RomaniaValentin Zaharescu- CN Transelectrica SA- Romania

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Content

1. Introduction. A Brief Overview of LW History

2. The Beginning3. Further Activity4. The Present Time5. LW Persectives in România6. Technical and Economical Benefits of

LW (case study)

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Some history….

The first country in the world that tried to work live was USA -1913.

Canada -1929.

Former USSR -1940.

Sweden -1949.

France- 1958

GDR- 1969

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The Begining In 1975 the interest for a new technology was revealed in Romania. As consequence in 1978 a contract between Romania and DDR, for LW implementation was signed.

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1979 -the training of a work team from IRE Sibiu in the German Democratic Republic at Berlin-Neuenhagen . The second training took place in Sibiu between 18-28.09.1979, under the surveillance of german instructors.

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The first five 400kV technologies:• The replacement of suspension

strings;• The working at the phase

conductors;• The preparation for dyeing of the

supporting pilons;• The painting of the metallic

supporting pilons• The removing of the unwanted

objects from the pilons.

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the first live work performed in Romania, 25.09.1979, on the pilon 198 of 400kV Sibiu –Tantareni OHL.

suspension insulator replacement and technical revision of the conductors, using an insulated lather and a mobile charriot.

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1979 the first technical regulation for Live Working on 110-400kV, PE141/79,

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Further Activity• 1982 – 1985: the training

courses for five teams at Sibiu.

• 1983: manufacturing of 5 Live Working suites.

• 1987: manufacturing of the tool set for live maintenance of 750KV overhead lines

• 1982- 1994: 58 live maintenance technologies for 110-400kV overhead lines were elaborated and tested.

• 19961996: manufacturing of the : manufacturing of the first tool-set for MV Live first tool-set for MV Live maintenancemaintenance

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2001: together with the outsourcing of the maintenance activities of TRANSELECTRICA National Company,

live maintenance = SMART S.A .

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2002: the Live Working National Committee 23.07.2003: Romanian National Live Working Association (A-LST-R).

www.lst.roEvery three years- an International Live Maintenance Symposium.

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The specialists from Romania at the international LW Conferences ESMO, CITTES and ICOLIM (especialy) -theoretical papers and practical demonstrations

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The Present Time • 80 Live Maintenance technologies. Smart crews are able to perform LW maintenance on OHL and in substations, from 20 to 400kV

• there are also some erecting, designing and consultance companies which are interested in LW.

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LW Persectives in România

• The CN Transelectrica SA intends to elaborate a lasting program of organization and development of hot-line work. One of the targets: the establishing of a National LW Training Center.

• S.C. SMART S.A. intends to to extend this activity. • Interest for LW implementation especially for Medium Voltage

coming from the distribution companies.

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Technical and Economical Benefits of LW (case study)

Is really Live Working necessary?

Is really Live Working efficient?

Is really the implementation of Live Working technically and economically justified?

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LOSSES AND CONGESTION IN TRANSMISSION POWER GRID

• Gaps and voltage-breaks are a source of economic loss (damages) in industry, commerce, agriculture, transport or are creating inconvenience in supplying residential customers.

• The interruption of power supply is accompanied by damages, lack of production, reduced quality of products, reduced productivity in manufacturing scrap, defects in equipments, technological process disturbances (superior in time to the power interruption), accidents, additional costs for salaries, materials, energy, etc.

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• For refineries, paper mills or production of electronic components, even a few seconds break can lead to processes stopping and therefore economics losses.

• For stationary situations in NPG, Transelectrica SA performed all sorts of studies. As a result series of practical measures were taken, one of them and perhaps the most important is the extension of Live Maintenance.

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Four types of characteristics: - the A model. The consumers case on which the effects of voltage loss occur

after duration of critical outage (tA), which are evidenced by a certain amount of damage (dA), the further losses are negligible;

- the B model. The case of companies on which the amount of businesses damage is proportional only with outage time and occur after a certain time (tB) (cement factories, businesses engineering);

- the C model. This is a combination of the first two models. The effects of disconecting occurr only after a longer period, but have a important value beyond the critical time (tC). Further damage is proportional to the disconnecting duration (in the aluminum industry, technological processes in steel etc.).

- the D model. With different critical period’s t1, t2, t3, for various plants, conected technological processes and which lead then to various damage proportional to time (chemical plants, petrochemicals, some spinners).

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LIVE WORKING APPLICATION IN TRANSMISSION POWER GRID

Conventionally, in the event of deenergising of an 400 kV OHL, with taking over of the consumers in this area through other OHLs of TPG, results in energy loss, on detour lines, of about 5 MW / h active power. In a specific case of interruption of a OHL 400 kV, for only 10 days, 8 hours/day, may be produced daily active energy loss in the order of 120 MW/h and of 1200 MW/h, for 10 days total.

With the 10 days interruption duration for technical revisions for 20 400 kV OHLs, during a calendar year, the energy losses reach 24,000 MW / h and their cost would be around 720,000 Euros.

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User type Failures Programmed Withdraws

[€/kWh] [€/kW] [€/kWh] [€/kW]

Industrial 8,7 2,6 3,8 0,8

Service 11 1,9 7,2 0,8

Agriculture 4,9 0,54 1,6 0,18

Residential 0,61 0,068 0,3 0,034

Public 3,4 0,65 1,5 0,23

User typeFailures[€/kWh]

Programmed Withdraws[€/kWh]

Industrial 8,05 5,61

Commercial and Service

12,07 8,2

Agriculture 1,83 1,22

Residential 0,98 0,85

Public 1,59 1,22

Food Industry 1,59 1,34

• A first example: live replacement of bus-bar insulation in 400/110/6kV Braşov substation.

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OHL400kV

Length [km]

Wednesday Sunday  

swP [MWh]

swQ

[MWh]

swPQ [MWh] swP [MWh] swQ [MWh] swPQ [MWh]

Sibiu 125,3 132,1917 0,0386 132,2303 41,3656 3,1068 44,4724  

Bradu 150,7 443,5 6,7417 450,2414 371,8928 19,2345 391,1273  

Gutinaş 124,483 174,38 22,79 197,159 94,086 12,8911 106,9771  

Dârste 13,2 5,615 0,225 5,84 4,4225 0,4627 4,8852  

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR INSULATION REPLACEMENT IN 400 KV BRAŞOV SUBSTATION

• Suplimentary considerations on the advantages of Live Working

Insulation replacement on a 220 kV tension tower. It is assumed that the 220 kV OHL active power is 150 MW.

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Deenergised OHL

Energised OHL

Number of workers 6 6

Number of working hours 4 7

Number of operators 2 1

Number of working hours 2 3

Labor costs (Euros) 572.04 970.17

Vehicle costs (Euros) 30.65 46.88

Tools redemption (Euros) 7.21 15.19

Energy shortfall (MWh) 600 0

Total (Euros) 50,409.90 1,032.24

COMPARISON BETWEEN LW AND CLASSIC WORK

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Conclusions• With a 30 tradition the Live Maintenance in Romania is

an ongoing activity. There is an interest fot this kind of work from transmission company. The distribution companies in Romania are still searching for the real benefits of LW.

• The presented studies demonstrates, against general current which considers that LIVE WORKING is performed with higher costs than the work on deenergised line that Live Working has an important economic advantage.

• Regarding the congestions Live Working is not only a recommendable technology, it is mandatory in congestion management.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!!

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